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What is a computer ? A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction,...

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Page 1: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.
Page 2: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

What is a computer ?

A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes generate output.

Page 3: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Major functions of Systems.

Input Processing Output

Storage

Page 4: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Categories of Computer hardware

1.The central Processing Unit (CPU)2.Input devices, Which allow data to be

entered into the computer 3.Output devices, which are use for

outputting data from the computer . 4.Storage devices both primary and

secondary.

Page 5: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) It is the part of the computer that

does the processing. It also controls the transfer of data between memory and the other devices.

Page 6: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Main Components of the CPU are: 1. The control Unit (CU)2. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit

Page 7: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

The Control Unit (CU)

The CU is the part of the CPU which control the operation of the CPU. It is use to:

1.To control the flow of programs and data in and out of the primary memory.

2.To read and interpret program instructions

3.To control the flow of information to and from all the components of the computer.

Page 8: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

The Arithmetic/Logic Unit This is the part of the CPU that does

the following: 1.Performs arithmetic operations.

These operation include addition, subtraction etc.

2.Perform logical operations. These includes reasoning and performing the comparisons necessary to make decisions.

Page 9: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Primary Storage

Primary storage is the storage that is directly available to the CPU. It is also known as:

Main Memory Direct Access Storage Immediate Access Storage (IAS)

Page 10: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Primary Storage is made up of 2 types of storage RAM and ROM.

Primary Storage

RAM ROM

Page 11: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

What is Random Access Memory (RAM)

The contents in this type of memory are temporary and are lost when the computer is turn off (the data is volatile).

RAM is use to store the instruction and data for currently running program and the operating system.

Page 12: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Types of RAM

Static RAM (SRAM)

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)

Page 13: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

What is READ ONLY MEMORY(ROM)This is a chip or a group of chips

containing instructions for the CPU. Only the CPU has access to this memory type.

When we turn on the computer, the CPU gets its first instructions from the ROM.

Page 14: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Types of ROM

Programmable Read only Memory (PROM)

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM).

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM).

Page 15: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Comparison Between ROM and RAM

RAM ROM

Data can be both read and written

Read-Only

Volatile Non-volatile

Content modify by program on the computer in question

Content modify by manufacturer

Use Chips

Data can be randomly access

Page 16: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Secondary Storage Unlike primary storage, secondary

storage is not done on chips. Some examples of secondary storage devices are:

1.Hard disks 2.Magnetic tape3.Floppy disk 4.Microfilm5.Optical disk 6.Flash drive/flash memory card

Page 17: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Technical terms used with the storage of data 1. Bit – it is the smallest unit of storage 2. Byte- is a group of eight bits 3. Word – the size of the data or

instruction that the CPU can handle in a single cycle.

4. Word- length /word size – the number of bits in a word

5. Address – the location in memory where data is stored

6. Character – any digit, letter or symbol

Page 18: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Input/output Devices

Input Devices1.Mouse 2.Keyboard 3.Joystick 4.Scanner 5.Microphone

Page 19: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Output Devices 1.Monitor 2.Printer 3.Plotter 4.Speakers

Page 20: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Questions 1. Name three devices other than the typical

computer where ROM may be use. 2. You were typing a document on the

computer and the power to the computer was interrupted momentary. When the computer was restarted the document was no longer in memory. a. explain why the document was not still in memoryb. Give on precaution that can be employed to ensure that a document is not completely lost in the event of a power failure.

Page 21: What is a computer ?  A computer is an electronic device that can accept data and instruction, process them or store them for later retrieval, and sometimes.

Home Work

Explain what is a Bistable device ?


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