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Most minerals are compounds
• Quartz: silicon and oxygen –SiO2
–Most abundant in earth’s crust
• Halite: sodium and chloride –NaCl
• There are more than 2,000 kinds of minerals, but fewer than 20 are common minerals that form rock
• 10 minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust
Silicates• Contain atoms of silicon
(Si) and oxygen (O)• Forms a tetrahedron• Many contain one or more
different kinds of atoms• Ex. Feldspar – silicon and
oxygen with potassium• SiO2 - Quartz
• 96% of the crust is made of silicates
Carbonates
• Contains CO3 as part of the compound
• Ex: Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2
Sulfates
• Contains SO4 as part of the compound
• Ex: Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O