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What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

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Air Velocity & Flow Measurement with Pitot Tubes The materials included in this compilation are for the use of Dwyer Instruments, Inc. potential customers and current employees as a resource only. They may not be reproduced, published, or transmitted electronically for commercial purposes. Furthermore, the Company’s name, likeness, product names, and logos, included within these compilations may not be used without specific, written prior permission from Dwyer Instruments, Inc. ©Copyright 2015 Dwyer Instruments, Inc.
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Page 1: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Air Velocity & Flow Measurement

with Pitot Tubes

T h e m a t e r i a l s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s c o m p i l a t i o n a r e f o r t h e u s e o f D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c . p o t e n t i a l c u s t o m e r s

a n d c u r r e n t e m p l o y e e s a s a r e s o u r c e o n l y . T h e y m a y n o t b e r e p r o d u c e d , p u b l i s h e d , o r t r a n s m i t t e d

e l e c t r o n i c a l l y f o r c o m m e r c i a l p u r p o s e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e C o m p a n y ’ s n a m e , l i k e n e s s , p r o d u c t n a m e s , a n d

l o g o s , i n c l u d e d w i t h i n t h e s e c o m p i l a t i o n s m a y n o t b e u s e d w i t h o u t s p e c i f i c , w r i t t e n p r i o r p e r m i s s i o n f r o m

D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c .

© C o p y r i g h t 2 0 1 5 D w y e r I n s t r u m e n t s , I n c .

Page 2: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

A p i t o t t u b e i s a c o m m o n l y u s e d s e n s o r f o r m o n i t o r i n g a i r

v e l o c i t y a n d f l o w r a t e i n h e a t i n g , v e n t i l a t i o n , a n d a i r

c o n d i t i o n i n g

S o m e e x a m p l e s i n c l u d e :

S e r i e s 1 6 0 S t a i n l e s s S t e e l

P i t o t Tu b e

S e r i e s 1 6 6 T Te l e s c o p i n g

S t a i n l e s s S t e e l P i t o t Tu b e

S e r i e s 1 6 0 S “ S ” Ty p e S t a i n l e s s

S t e e l P i t o t Tu b e

Page 3: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

P i t o t Tu b e s a r e b a s e d o n B e r n o u l l i ’ s e q u a t i o n

W h i c h s t a t e s t h a t :

A n i n c r e a s e i n t h e s p e e d o f a f l u i d

o c c u r s s i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h a n

i n c r e a s e i n d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e a n d

a d e c r e a s e i n s t a t i c p r e s s u r e

Page 4: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

P i t o t Tu b e s s e n s e t h e d y n a m i c p r e s s u r e o f t h e

f l u i d f l o w a t a p a r t i c u l a r p o i n t

T h e y w e r e i n v e n t e d b y F r e n c h E n g i n e e r

H e n r i P i t o t i n t h e e a r l y 1 8 t h c e n t u r y

Page 5: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

A P i t o t t u b e c o n s i s t s o f t w o t u b e s i n o n e p r o b e t h a t s e n s e b o t h

t o t a l a n d s t a t i c p r e s s u r e

Page 6: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

T h e f l o w i m p a c t s o n o n e t u b e p o i n t i n g

d i r e c t l y i n t o t h e f l u i d f l o w t h a t s e n s e s

t h e t o t a l p r e s s u r e i n t h e d u c t o r p i p e

Page 7: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

R a d i a l h o l e s p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e f l o w

s e n s e t h e s t a t i c p r e s s u r e i n t h e d u c t

Page 8: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

T h e s p a c e b e t w e e n t h e i n n e r a n d o u t e r

t u b e s p e r m i t s t r a n s f e r o f s e n s e d

p r e s s u r e s t o t h e p r e s s u r e c o n n e c t i o n s

o n t h e o p p o s i t e o f t h e P i t o t t u b e

Page 9: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

T h e p r e s s u r e c o n n e c t i o n s o f t h e P i t o t Tu b e a r e t h e n c o n n e c t e d t o

a d i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e i n s t r u m e n t , s u c h a s a m a n o m e t e r o r

Magnehelic® Differential Pressure Gage

T h e p r e s s u r e r e a d i n g s h o w n b y t h e

i n s t r u m e n t i s t h e v e l o c i t y o r d y n a m i c

p r e s s u r e , w h i c h i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e o f

t h e t o t a l p r e s s u r e , o n t h e h i g h p r e s s u r e

p o r t , a n d t h e s t a t i c p r e s s u r e , o n t h e

l o w p r e s s u r e p o r t

Page 10: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

T h e f l u i d v e l o c i t y i s d i r e c t l y p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e v e l o c i t y

p r e s s u r e a n d c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e f o r m u l a s h o w n f o r a i r

V = 1 0 9 6 . 7 √hv/d

V = v e l o c i t y

h v = v e l o c i t y p r e s s u r e f r o m t h e

m e a s u r i n g d e v i c e

d = d e n s i t y o f a i r i n a p p l i c a t i o n

Page 11: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

O v e r v i e w

V o l u m e f l o w r a t e c a n b e t h e n b e c a l c u l a t e d

F l o w r a t e Q i s e q u a l t o t h e v e l o c i t y

m u l t i p l i e d w i t h t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n a l

a r e a o f t h e d u c t o r p i p e

Q = AV

Q = Q u a n t i t y o f f l o w

A = C r o s s s e c t i o n a l a r e a o f d u c t

V = A v e r a g e v e l o c i t y

Page 12: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

A i r Ve l o c i t y a n d F l o w C a l c u l a t o r

A v a i l a b l e o n D w y e r ® w e b s i t e

D o w n l o a d a b l e f o r i O S ® o r A n d r o i d ®

d e v i c e s

U s e s v e l o c i t y p r e s s u r e t o

c a l c u l a t e v e l o c i t y, a n d c r o s s

s e c t i o n a l a r e a t o c a l c u l a t e

a i r v o l u m e f l o w r a t e

O f f e r s t h e a b i l i t y t o m a k e a i r d e n s i t y

c o r r e c t i o n s f o r h u m i d i t y l e v e l s

Page 13: What is a Pitot Tube? Air Velocity and Flow Measurements

Pitot Tubes

D w y e r ® Pr o d u c t s

I f m a n u a l c o r r e c t i o n s a r e n o t d e s i r e d , D w y e r o f f e r s i n s t r u m e n t s

t h a t c a n r e a d d i r e c t l y i n v e l o c i t y o r v o l u m e f l o w r a t e

T h e s e i n c l u d e :

S e r i e s 2 0 0 0 M a g n e h e l i c ®

D i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e G a g e

S e r i e s M S 2 M a g n e s e n s e ® I I

D i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e T r a n s m i t t e r

S e r i e s D H 3 D i g i h e l i c ®

D i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e C o n t r o l l e r


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