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What is a Team?Teams differ from groups because they include the following basic
elements of cooperative learning:Goals are shared Information is circulatedRoles are assignedMaterials are managedTeammates depend on each other to
complete tasks successfullyStudents gain respect for each other’s
contributions to the team
Expectations in the Workplace: How have things Changed?Organizational Effectiveness
ReadingProblem Solving TeamworkInterpersonal Skills WritingComputation ListeningCreative Thinking LeadershipOral CommunicationCareer Development/Motivation
Stage 1: FORMING
• Team Building – Define team– Determine
individual roles– Develop trust
and communication
– Develop norms
• Task– Define problem
and strategy
– Identify information needed
Forming
The Dimensions of Style(Jungian Model)
Introversion/Extraversion—What energizes you?
Sensing/Intuiting—What is the focus of
your attention? Thinking/Feeling—How do you make
decisions?Judging/Perceiving—How do you structure
your behavior?
Forming
Team Charter
• An agreement between the team and its sponsor• A communication tool between the project and the organization• A high-level guide for the project
Forming
Objectives: Goals of the team.Scope: Fundamental aspects of the project that will not change:
objectives, limits, initial assumptions, timeframes.Roles/Responsibilities: Duties & assignments for each member of the team.Key Activities: Defined by the workplan to foster accomplishment of the
project.Key Deliverables: Tangible outcomes of the project, usually in the form of documents. These should be tied directly to Key Activities.Timeline/Schedule: Target dates for completion of the project and its various phase, activities, etc.Milestones: Dates of key accomplishments of the team.Critical SuccessFactors: Any factors that must occur to ensure success of the project.Metrics: Information looked at regularly and systematically to monitor,
control, and improve our work.Risks: Anything that prevents the team from completing the key activities.Boundaries: Factors that limit the scope of work (e.g. timeframes).
Components of a Team Charter Forming
Team Charter Validation
Objective - Does it accurately described the project?
Scope - Is the project well defined?
Roles & Responsibilities - Have they been determined for all team members?
Key Activities - Will they allow team to meet its objectives?
Key Deliverables - Are they tangible, and do they demonstrate results?
Timeline/Schedule- Is the schedule sufficient to finish the project on a timely basis?
Milestones- Do they support accomplishment of the project?
Critical Success Factors - Do they ensure team’s success?
Metrics - Do they accurately measure results, and support critical success factors?
Risks - Are they full documented, and do they significantly impede success?
Boundaries - What elements are in, and out, of the project?
Sponsor - Is the sponsor at a high enough level in the organization to clear barriers, provide
resources, etc?
Forming
Stage 2: STORMINGStage 2: STORMING
During the Storming stage team members:– realize that the task is more difficult than
they imagined;– have fluctuations in attitude about
chances of success; – may be resistant to the task; and, – have poor collaboration.
Storming
Storming Diagnosis
• Do we have common goals and objectives?
• Do we agree on roles and responsibilities?
• Do our task, communication, and decision systems work?
• Do we have adequate interpersonal skills?
Storming
Negotiating Conflict
• Separate problem issues from people issues.
• Be soft on people, hard on problem.
• Look for underlying needs, goals of each party rather than specific solutions.
Storming
Addressing the Problem
• State your views in clear non-judgmental language.
• Clarify the core issues.
• Listen carefully to each person’s point of view.
• Check understanding by restating the core issues.
Storming
Avoid Team “Toxicity”• A frenzied work atmosphere in which team members waste energy
and lose focus on the objectives of the work to be performed.• High frustration caused by personal, business, or technological
factors that cause friction among team members.• “Fragmented or poorly coordinated procedures” or a poorly defined
or improperly chosen process model that becomes a roadblock to accomplishment.
• Unclear definition of roles resulting in a lack of accountability and resultant finger-pointing.
• “Continuous and repeated exposure to failure” that leads to a loss of confidence and a lowering of morale.
Storming
Communication Behaviors to Observe
• Who participates• Who doesn’t• How do people take
turns?• Who talks to whom?• Who responds to
whom?• How are interruptions
handled?
• Is silence O.K.?• Is anyone dominating
the conversation?• How are decisions
made?– By consensus?– By voting?– By one person?
Storming
Four Principles of Communication
• All communication takes place on the content and relationship level
• We cannot not communicate
• Often the problem with communication is the assumption of it
• Metacommunication is very useful
Storming
Common Problems in Teams
• And one more…
• Tiptoeing around a contentious issue
Dead buffaloes
Storming
Stage 3: NormingStage 3: Norming
• During this stage members accept:– their team;– team rules and procedures;– their roles in the team; and,– the individuality of fellow members.
• Team members realize that they are not going to crash-and-burn and start helping each other.
Norming
Behaviors
• Competitive relationships become more cooperative.
• There is a willingness to confront issues
and solve problems.
• Teams develop the ability to express criticism constructively.
• There is a sense of team spirit.
Norming
Giving Constructive Feedback
• Be descriptive.
• Don't use labels.
• Don’t exaggerate.
• Don’t be judgmental.
• Speak for yourself.
Norming
• Use “I” messages.
• Restrict your feedback to things you know for certain.
• Help people hear and accept your compliments when giving positive feedback.
NormingGiving Constructive Feedback
Receiving Feedback
• Listen carefully.
• Ask questions for clarity.
• Acknowledge the feedback.
• Acknowledge the valid points.
• Take time to sort out what you heard.
Norming
Stage 4: PERFORMINGStage 4: PERFORMING
Team members have:– gained insight into personal and team
processes;– a better understanding of each other’s
strengths and weaknesses;– gained the ability to prevent or work
through group conflict and resolve differences; and,
– developed a close attachment to the team.
Performing
Recipe for Successful Team
• Commitment to shared goals and objectives
• Clearly define roles and responsibilities– Use best skills of each
– Allows each to develop in all areas
Performing