What is Computer/Kw¤úDUvi wK · Web viewTitle: What is Computer/Kw¤úDUvi wK Author: SCW-3 Last...

Hard & Soft Computers

What is Computer/ Kw¤úDUvi wK? Computer is an ‘electronic brain’. A_©vr Kw¤úDUvi n‡”Q Ôê`y¨wZK gw¯—®‹Õ| MÖxK kã ‘Compute’ †_‡K Computer k‡ãi DrcwË| GK K_vq Kw¤úDUvi n‡”Q- GKwU MYbvhš¿| MYbvi Kv‡R gvbyl‡K mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ GKwU h‡š¿i wPš—v gvby‡li gv_vq Av‡m| †mB †_‡K gvbyl wPš—v Ki‡Z _v‡K wKfv‡e GKwU MYbvhš¿ Avwe®‹vi Kiv hvq| Avi Zvi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii Avwe®‹vi N‡U‡Q| ïaygvÎ MYbvKv‡R mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi Avwe®K…Z n‡jI- eZ©gv‡b †ewkifvM Kv‡RB Kw¤úDUvi gvbyl‡K `vi“Yfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q| Avi ZvB eZ©gvb hy‡M gvbyl Kw¤úDUvi Qvov fvj Kv‡Ri Avkv †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡q mKj KvRB wbf~©jfv‡e mgvav Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î mgq I kªg e¨q nq LyeB Kg| Avi ZvB wbLyuZ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ gvbyl Kw¤úDUvi wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o‡Q| wewfbœ ch©vq †cwo‡q eZ©gv‡b Kw¤úDUvi AvaywbK iƒ‡c mwR¡Z n‡q‡Q| Avi ZvB Gi KvQ †_‡K Avgiv me ai‡Yi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡q _vwK| Kw¤úDUv‡ii eZ©gvb Ae¯’v GKw`‡b m„wó nqwb| hyM hyM a‡i wewfbœ weÁvbxi ch©vqµwgK M‡elYvi dmj AvR‡Ki Kw¤úDUvi| Kw¤úDUvi GKKfv‡e †KD Avwe®‹vi K‡ibwb| wewfbœ ¯^bvgab¨ weÁvbx I M‡el‡Ki ch©vqµwgK M‡elYvi dmj n‡”Q- ÔAvaywbK Kw¤úDUviÕ| Z‡e, Ae`v‡bi w`K †Lqvj †i‡L Charles Babbage -‡K ÔKw¤úDUv‡ii RbKÕ ejv nq|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii 4 wU †gŠwjK welq t

Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ KvR Ki‡Z 4wU †gŠwjK welq j¶Yxq t-1| BbcyU - me©cÖ_g Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨ BbcyU Ki‡Z nq| Z_¨ BbcyU Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb nq wewfbœ

BbcyU wWfvB‡mi| K‡qKwU BbcyU wWfvBm †hgb:- Kx‡evW©, gvDm, ¯‹¨vbvi BZ¨vw`| 2| cÖ‡mwms ev cÖwµqvKiY - BbcyUK…Z Z_¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i cÖ‡mwms ev cÖwµqvRvZ nq|

cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq wmwcBD ev †m›Uªvj cÖ‡mwms BDwbU| 3| AvDUcyU - cÖwµqvRvZ nIqvi ci Zvnv djvdj wn‡m‡e me©cÖ_g gwbUi ¯Œx‡Y dz‡U I‡V Ges

cÖ‡qvR‡b wcÖ›Uv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Zvnv KvM‡R Qvcv‡bv nq| K‡qKwU AvDUcyU wWfvBm n‡”Q- gwbUi, wcÖ›Uvi, d¬wc

wW¯‹ BZ¨vw`| 4| ‡÷v‡iR - fwel¨‡Z eënv‡ii Rb¨ wewfbœ †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨‡K msi¶Y Kiv nq|

wewfbœ †÷v‡iR wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ nvW©wW¯‹, d¬wc wW¯‹ Ab¨Zg|

Kw¤úDUv‡ii êwkó¨ ev Kw¤úDUvi eënv‡ii myweav t

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`ª“ZMwZ t- Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡”Q- `ª“ZZv| Kw¤úDUvi Lye `ª“Z KvR K‡i| Zvi KviY GwU we`y¨r Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| GwU we`y¨rMwZ‡Z KvR K‡i| GKwU KvR Ki‡Z GKRb gvby‡li †hLv‡b GKgvm mgq cÖ‡qvRb, †mB KvRwU Ki‡Z Kw¤úDUvi mgq †bq gvÎ K‡qK wgwbU, KLbI KLbI ZviI Kg mgq| g~jK_v t Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i Avgiv A‡bK mgq evuPv‡Z cvwi|wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv t- Kw¤úDUvi fxlYfv‡e wek¦vmx| mwVK KgvÛ w`‡Z cvi‡j Gi mvnv‡h¨ mwVK KvR Kiv hvq| †mBm‡½ Ri“ix Z_¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ jywK‡q A_ev ÔjKÕ K‡i ivLv hvq, hv Dchy³ e¨w³ Qvov Ab¨ †KD eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| m~²Zv t- mwVKfv‡e KvR Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUvi AZzjbxq fywgKv iv‡L| †h‡Kvb KvR mwVK I my›ìfv‡e mgvav Kivi Rb¨ Avgiv Kw¤úDUvi eënvi K‡i _vwK| K_vq Av‡Q- Ôgvby‡li ˆZix Kw¤úDUvi wbf©yj, wKš‘ gvbyl mKj‡¶‡Î wbf©yj bqÕ| K_vwU Avm‡jB mwZ¨| gvbyl g‡bi ARv‡š—B A‡bK fyj K‡i wKš‘ Kw¤úDUvi †Kvb fyj K‡i bv| Kw¤úDUvi ‡Kvb fyj Ki‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Zv gvby‡li ØvivB msNwUZ n‡q‡Q A_ev Kw¤úDUvi Amy¯’ n‡q c‡o‡Q|†g‡gvwi ev ¯§„wZ t- †g‡gvwi ev ¯§„wZ Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg GKwU myweav ev êwkó¨| gvbyl A‡bKwKQyB wKQyw`b c‡iB fy‡j hvq, c¶vš—‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯§„wZ‡Z †Kvb wKQy msi¶Y K‡i ivL‡j Zv nvRvi-nvRvi eQi Kw¤úDUvi g‡b ivL‡Z cv‡i| Avi ZvB GKevi Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ‡Z †KvbwKQy msi¶Y Ki‡j cieZ©x‡Z Zv evi evi eënvi Kiv hvq|hyw³m½Z wm×vš— t- Kw¤úDUvi hyw³m½Z wm×vš— wb‡Z `vi“Yfv‡e cvi`k©x| ZvB Gi mvnv‡h¨ †h‡Kvb hyw³c~Y© KvR Kiv hvq| †mBm‡½ wekvj wekvj wnmve-wbKv‡ki KvR Kw¤úDUvi g~û‡Z© mgvav K‡i †`q, hv Ki‡Z GKRb gvby‡li nqZ K‡qKw`b †j‡M hv‡e| eûgyLxZv t- AvaywbK Kw¤úDUvi mvaviY wnmve-wbKvk †_‡K ïi“ K‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi RwUj mgm¨v mgvav Ki‡Z m¶g| GgbwK êÁvwbK mgm¨v mgvav‡bI Kw¤úDUvi gvbyl‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| ¯^qswµqZv t- Kw¤úDUvi ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| Kw¤úDUvi ci¯úi wbf©ikxj KvR¸‡jv avivevwnKfv‡e mgvav Ki‡Z m¶g| ZvB AvRKvj wewfbœ KjKviLvbvq Kw¤úDUvi PvwjZ wewfbœ ai‡Yi ¯^qswµq hš¿ eëüZ n‡”Q| Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q ¯^qswµqfv‡e KvR Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq Dchy³ hvwš¿K miÄvg I †cÖvMÖvg|

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Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨ I KgvÛ BbcyU Kivi Rb¨ AwaK eëüZ BbcyU wWfvBm - Kx‡ev‡W©i Kx ¸‡jvi

bvg I Kvh©KvixZv t-

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TAB (U¨ve Kx)t-cieZ©x e‡· Ae¯’vb wb‡Z Ges c„ôvi †fZ‡ii w`‡K wjL‡Z G U¨ve Kx eëüZ nq|

CAPS (K¨vcm jK Kx)t-A‡bK¸‡jv K¨vwcU¨vj ev eo ni‡d wjL‡Z GwU

SHIFT (wkd&U Kx)t-K¨vwcU¨vj ev eo ni‡d wjL‡Z Ges KxÕi Dc‡ii A¶i wjL‡Z GwU cÖ‡qvRb (GwU †P‡c a‡i †i‡L KvR Ki‡Z nq)| CONTROL (K‡›Uªvj

Kx)t-kU©KvU ev mivmwi KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M GB Kx cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb:- Kwc KgvÛ w`‡Z Ctrl + C (GB Kx †P‡c a‡i †i‡L

Windows (DB‡ÛvR Kx)t-GB Kx †P‡c Start †gby mPj Ki‡Z nq|

Space Bar (†¯úm evi)t-`yÕwU k‡ãi gv‡S GK A¶i mgvb dvuK m„wó‡Z GwU

Alternative (Aëvi‡bwUf Kx)t-‡gby (†hgb: File, Edit, View) mPj Ki‡Z G KxÕi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Alternative Kx †P‡c a‡i †i‡L †Kvb †gbyi AvÛvijvBK…Z A¶i Pvc‡j D³ †gbywU mPj n‡e|

Enter (G›Uvi Kx)t-KgvÛ Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z Ges c¨vivMÖvd ˆZix Ki‡Z GB Kx cÖ‡qvRb nq|

Backspace (e¨vK‡¯úm Kx)t-e¨vK ev c~‡e© Aew¯’Z A¶i gy‡Q †dj‡Z GB Kx cÖ‡qvRb|


Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖKvi‡f`t

gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi ( Micro Computer )t gvB‡µv k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q- ¶z`ª| ¶z`ªvK…wZi gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi w`‡q ˆZix e‡jB G‡K gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi ejv nq| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi mvaviYZ GKwU gvB‡µvcÖ‡mmi ev B›Uvi‡dm wPc Øviv MwVZ| gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi wewfbœ ai‡Yi n‡Z cv‡i| †hgbÑ †W¯‹Uc, j¨vcUc, †bvUeyK BZ¨vw`| gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi‡K Ôcvi‡mvbvj Kw¤úDUviÕI ejv nq| gvB‡µv Kw¤úDUvi AvKv‡i me‡P‡q †QvU I `v‡g Kg| ZvB e¨w³MZ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Ges ¯‹zj, K‡jR, Awdm Av`vj‡Z gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi †ekx eëüZ nq| wgwb Kw¤úDUvi ( Mini Computer )t wgwb Kw¤úDUvi êÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ M‡elYvq I we‡kl‡Y, wkí cÖwZôv‡b wKsev eëmv-evwY‡R¨ eëüZ nq| gvB‡µvi Zzjbvq wgwbKw¤úDUvi A‡bK †ekx ¶gZvm¤úbœ| ZvB wgwb Kw¤úDUvi wewfbœ ai‡Yi RwUj Kv‡R eëüZ nq| Uviwgbv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cÖvq kZvwaK eënviKvix GKm‡½ wgwbKw¤úDUv‡i KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|†gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi ( Mainframe Computer )t †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi wgwb Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q A‡bK‡ekx ¶gZvm¤úbœ| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi A‡bK †ekx KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡i meai‡Yi †cwi‡divj eë¯’v, me iKg nvB †j‡fj fvlv I me ai‡Yi mdU&Iq¨vi eëüZ nq| G ai‡Yi Kw¤úDUvi Lye `ª“Z Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡ii `vg K‡qK †KvwU UvKv| AwZ e„nr wkí-evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb, RwUj êÁvwbK M‡elYv I D”P¯—‡ii cÖhyw³MZ we‡kl‡Y †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi eëüZ nq|

mycvi Kw¤úDUvi ( Super Computer )t mycviKw¤úDUvi nj me‡P‡q `ª“ZMwZm¤úbœ Kw¤úDUvi| A_©vr MvwYwZK cÖwµqv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z G‡ì me‡P‡q Kg mgq jv‡M| mycvi Kw¤úDUvi †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K AwaK ¶gZvkvjx| †hLv‡b AZ¨š— `ª“ZMwZ‡Z weivU I RwUj wnmve Ki‡Z nq †mLv‡b G‡ì cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb:- AvenvIqvi c~e©vfvm, gnvKvkhvb Pvjbv, cÖwZi¶v M‡elYv, wewfbœ ai‡Yi Av‡Mœqv¯¿ wWRvBb, cigvYy Pzjx I mycvimwbK wegv‡bi Wvbvi wWRvBb ˆZix BZ¨vw`| evsjv‡`k mn A‡bK †`‡kB mycvi Kw¤úDUvi †bB|

Desktop Computer :MonitorgwbUi Kw¤úDUv‡ii djvdj cÖKv‡k weivU f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| Kw¤úDUv‡i †Kvb KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ev Z_¨ BbcyU Ki‡j Zv gwbUi ¯Œx‡Y dz‡U I‡V| GwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU

CPU (Central Processing Unit)wmwcBD ev †K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Ki‡j ev †Kvb wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡j wmwcBD Zv wePvi-we‡klY I cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqvKiY †k‡l Dchy³ djvdj cÖ`vb K‡i| †K›`ªxqfv‡e

Power

Reset

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7

CPU-Central Processing Unit (†K›`ªxq cÖwµqvKiY Ask) :

MouseB`y‡ii gZ †`L‡Z gvDm Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg GKwU BbcyU wWfvBm| gvDm eënv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Kiv nq| Z‡e Gi Pjb c×wZ Lye axiMwZ m¤úbœ| ZvB, eyw×gvb Kw¤úDUvi

Keyboardwewfbœ Kx m¤^wjZ †evW©‡K Kx‡evW© ejv nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Kivi Rb¨ GwU GKwU Abb¨ BbcyU wWfvBm| Gi mvnv‡h¨ Lye `ª“Z KgvÛ-Z_¨ BbcyU Kiv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-

Reset

Power

CD-ROM DriveG WªvB‡fi mvnv‡h¨ wmwW ev K¤ú¨v± wW¯‹ Pvjv‡bv nq|

PowerGB ÔcvIqviÕ †evZvgwU †P‡cB me©cÖ_g Kw¤úDUvi mPj Ki‡Z nq|

Floppy Disk Drived¬wc wW¯‹ Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ G WªvBfwU eëüZ nq| Reset

Kw¤úDUvi mwVK KvR Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡j A_ev †_‡g _vK‡j Kw¤úDUvi cybivq Pvjy Ki‡Z G

Hardware ( nvW©Iq¨vi ) : nvW©Iq¨vi n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii kvwiixK Dcv`vb hv Avgiv †`L‡Z I ¯úk© Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgb:- Kx‡evW©, gvDm, wmwcBD, gwbUi BZ¨vw`|

Software ( md&UIq¨vi ) : nvW©Iq¨vi wb‡R wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, cÖ‡qvRb nq wb‡`©kbvi| Kw¤úDUvi nvW©Iq¨vi‡K cwiPvjbv Kivi ê`y¨wZK wb‡`©kbv‡KB md&UIq¨vi ev †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq|

md&UIq¨vi `yB cÖKvi:-1| System Software 2| Application Software †hgb:- Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g †hgb:- IqvW© cÖ‡mmi

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Hard & Soft ComputersKeyboard/ Kx‡evW© t wewfbœ Kx m¤^wjZ †evW©‡K Kx‡evW© ejv nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Kivi Rb¨ GwU GKwU Abb¨ BbcyU wWfvBm| wWfvBm n‡”Q wbw`©ó Kv‡R eëüZ c×wZ| †hgb:- Kx‡evW© GKwU BbcyU wWfvBm wn‡m‡e Gi Øviv Avgiv ïaygvÎ BbcyU Ki‡Z cvwi, AvDUcyU cvB bv| Kx‡ev‡W©i mvnv‡h¨ Lye `ª“Z KgvÛ-Z_¨ BbcyU Kiv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Ki‡Z Kx‡ev‡W©i f~wgKv me‡P‡q †ekx| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Kx‡ev‡W©i Kx¸‡jv‡Z GKevi Pvc w`‡Z nq| ïaygvÎ 3wU Kx (†hgb:- Shift; Ctrl; Alt) †P‡c a‡i †i‡L KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|Mouse/ gvDm t B`y‡ii gZ †`L‡Z gvDm Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ab¨Zg GKwU BbcyU wWfvBm| RbwcÖq GB BbcyU wWfvBm eënv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Kiv nq| Z‡e c×wZMZ Kvi‡YB Gi Pjb c×wZ Lye axiMwZ m¤úbœ| ZvB GwU eënv‡i AwaK mgq I kª‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| eyw×gvb Kw¤úDUvi eënviKvix MY gvD‡mi †P‡q Kx‡evW©‡K †ekx cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _v‡Kb|

gvDm eënv‡i KwZcq Uvg© tUvg© t Awfav ev A_© t

Mouse Pointer

gvD‡mi Ae¯’vb wb‡`©kK‡K gvDm c‡q›Uvi ejv nq| gvDm c‡q›Uvi †`‡L Avgiv gvD‡mi Ae¯’vb Ges Ae¯’v ev gyW m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvB| †hgb:- ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq gvDm c‡q›Uvi iƒ‡c cÖ`wk©Z nq Ges Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨¯—Zv cÖ`k©‡b gvD‡mi c‡q›Uvi _v‡K iƒ‡c| †mB m‡½ †U·U †jLvi my‡hvM _vK‡j gvDm c‡q›Uvi‡K I iƒ‡c †`Lv hvq|

PointgvDm eënv‡i †Kvb wKQy wbe©vPb Kiv‡K c‡q›U Kiv †evSvq|

Click

wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b c‡q›Uvi †i‡L gvD‡mi evg †evZv‡g 1 evi Pvc †`qv n‡”Q- wK¬K| KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î- cÖ_‡g wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b c‡q›Uvi ivL‡Z nq, Zvici evg †evZv‡g 1 evi Pvc w`‡Z nq|

Double Click cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b c‡q›Uvi †i‡L gvD‡mi evg †evZv‡g ci ci 2 evi Pvc †`qv|

Right Click wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b c‡q›Uvi †i‡L gvD‡mi Wvb †evZv‡g 1 evi Pvc †`qv|

Drag and Drop gvD‡mi evg †evZv‡g Pvc †i‡L gvDm Ab¨Î mwi‡q Pvc †Q‡o †`qv|

Scanner/ ¯‹¨vbvi t Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨ BbcyU Kivi GKwU AvaywbK BbcyU wWfvBm n‡”Q- ¯‹¨vbvi| ¯‹¨vbvi Kw¤úDUv‡ii †Pv‡Li KvR K‡i| ZvB Gi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ Z_¨ (we‡kl K‡i Qwe, K¨vUvjM, g¨vc) ûeû Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Zv eënvi Kiv hvq| ¯‹¨vbv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i

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Left Button :gvDm c‡q›Uvi wbw`©ó Kgv‡Ûi Ici †i‡L G †evZv‡g GKevi Pvc w`‡q KgvÛwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z nq|

Scroll Button :c„ôvi Dc‡ii Ges wb‡Pi Ask †`L‡Z G evUb cÖ‡qvRb nq|Right Button :ivBU ev Wvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡q kU©KvU ev mivmwi †gby mPj Kiv nq|

Hard & Soft Computers†cÖixZ Z_¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i m¤úv`b Kiv hvq, GKvwaK Qwei mgš^‡q Qwe‡Z bZzb gvÎv †hvM Kiv hvq, B‡”Q gZ i‡Oi eënvi Kiv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Qwe †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì †`‡k d¬vU †eW AcwUK¨vj ¯‹¨vbvi cÖPwjZ Av‡Q|Monitor/ gwbUi t Kw¤úDUv‡i mKj djvdj me©cÖ_g †h wWfvBmwUi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv hvq Zvi bvg gwbUi| GwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© AvDUcyU wWfvBm| BbcyUK…Z Z_¨-KgvÛ mwVK wK †ewVK Zv ¯Œx‡Y †`‡L †evSvi Rb¨ †mBm‡½ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z djvdj gwbUi ¯Œx‡Y †`Lv hvq|

wUwf-i g‡ZvB †`L‡Z gwbUi‡K is‡qi Dci wfwË K‡i wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-

1| iwOb (Colour) gwbUi t c`©vq mKj is dz‡U I‡V2| GKiOv ev g‡bvµg (Monochrome) gwbUi t Kv‡jv c`©vq mv`v ev

Ab¨ i‡Oi A¶i dz‡U I‡V3| †MÖ‡¯‹j (Grey scale) gwbUi t c`©vq mKj is mv`v Kv‡jv‡Z dz‡U

I‡V|

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CanonBJCprinter


Printer/ wcÖ›Uvi ev Qvcvhš¿ t

Kw¤úDUv‡i BbcyUK…Z Z_¨ djvdj AvKv‡i me©cÖ_g gwbUi ¯Œx‡Y †`Lv hvq| D³ djvdj KvM‡R Qvcv‡Z eëüZ nq GKwU AvDUcyU wWfvBm, hvi bvg wcÖ›Uvi ev Qvcvhš¿| ¯Œx‡Y cÖ`wk©Z welqe¯‘ KvM‡R Qvcv‡Z Abb¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i wcÖ›Uvi| Avi wcÖ›Uv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ KvM‡R Qvcv‡bv djvdj‡K ejv nq Hard Copy| wewfbœ bv‡gi I gv‡bi wcÖ›Uvi ev Qvcvhš¿ Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ WU †gwUª· Ges †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi †ekx RbwcÖqZv †c‡q‡Q| WU †gwUª· wcÖ›Uvi W‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ Qvcvi KvR K‡i| G wcÖ›Uv‡i Qvcvi KvR nq axi MwZ‡Z Ges Qvcvi Kv‡R kã nq †mBm‡½ Qvcv Zzjbvg~jK A¯^”Q| c¶vš—‡i, †jRvi wcÖ›Uvi Lye `ª“Z, wbtk‡ã gvbm¤úbœ Qvcvi KvR m¤úbœ K‡i| KvM‡R iwOb QvcvI cvIqv hvq| †mRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq iwOb wcÖ›Uv‡ii|

Sound Card/ mvDÛ KvW© t mvDÛ KvW© n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii kã Dbœq‡bi eë¯’v| A_©vr mvDÛ Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g D”PZi Ges DbœZZi kã cvIqv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡i mvDÛ KvW© jvMv‡bv _vK‡j Avgiv DbœZ kã cvB, Mvb I wgDwRK ïb‡Z cvwi| †mBm‡½ mvDÛ Kv‡W© Speech Synthesizer (w¯úP wmb&‡_mvBRvi) _v‡K weavq Kw¤úDUvi gvby‡li gZ K_v ej‡Z cv‡i Ges Mv‡bi myi evRv‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ †Kv¤úvbx mvDÛ KvW© ˆZix K‡i _v‡K| Zb¥‡a¨ ÔBqvgvnvÕ Ges Ôwµ‡qwUfÕ mvDÛ Kv‡W©i cÖPjb †ekx|

LAN Card/ j¨vb KvW© t LAN Gi c~Y© A_© n‡”Q- Local Area Network. KvQvKvwQ Aew¯’Z GKwU Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v‡K †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ejv nq| wbK‡U Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi j‡¶¨B g~jZt †jvKvj Gwiqv †bUIqvK© ˆZix Kiv nq|

Power Supply / we`y¨r mieivn t ÔcvIqvi mvcvBÕ n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii we`y¨r mieivn eë¯’v| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Kw¤úDUv‡ii wfbœ wfbœ hš¿cvwZi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ cwigv‡bi we`y¨r cÖ‡qvRb| †m‡¶‡Î GKB cwigv‡bi we`y¨r me©Î mieivn n‡j P‡j bv| ZvB ÔcvIqvi mvcvBÕ Gi gva¨‡g we`y¨r

8


mieivn wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| A_©vr cÖwZwU h‡š¿i Rb¨ Dchy³ cwigvb we`y¨r mieivn Kiv nq ÔcvIqvi mvcvBÕ-i gva¨‡g|

Modem/ †gv‡Wg t †gv‡Wg n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ `~‡i Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii †hvMv‡hvM ˆZixi DbœZ GKwU g‡Wj| †Uwj‡dvb jvBb, †gv‡Wg I Dchy³ md&UIqv‡ii gva¨‡g B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM wb‡q `~‡i Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM ˆZix K‡i Z_¨ Av`vb-cÖ`vb Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î c„w_exi †h‡Kvb cÖv‡š— Aew¯’Z Kw¤úDUvi †_‡KB Z_¨ †bqv hvq Ges cvVv‡bv hvq|

9


Memory :-Avgiv Kw¤úDUv‡i †h mg¯— wb‡`©kbv w`B †m¸‡jv msi¶Y K‡i ivLvi Rb¨ eëüZ nq †g‡gvwi ev ¯§„wZ| ïaygvÎ Avgv‡ì †`qv Z_¨ bq, †h †Kvb ai‡Yi Z_¨-DcvË msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ ¯§„wZ AZ¨vek¨K| we¯Z…Z AÂj wb‡q MwVZ Kw¤úDUv‡ii ¯§„wZ fvÛvi| ZvB Kw¤úDUv‡i wecyj cwigv‡Yi Z_¨ msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡ii GB ¯§„wZ fvÛvi ev Storage Media `yB fv‡M wef³| h_v t-1. Main Memory/Internal Memory (cÖavb/Af¨š—ixY ¯§„wZ)2. Auxiliary Memory/External Memory (mnvqK/ewn¯’t ¯§„wZ)

Main Memory/Internal Memory (cÖavb/Af¨š—ixY ¯§„wZ) t wmwcBD-i mv‡_ cÖZ¨¶ ms‡hvM †i‡L cÖavb ¯§„wZ KvR K‡i| Kw¤úDUvi Pvjv‡Z †h mg¯— c×wZMZ †cÖvMÖvg AZ¨vek¨K nq - cÖavb ¯§„wZ Zv msi¶Y K‡i| Avgv‡ì †`qv Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z Kw¤úDUvi `ª“Z djvdj †`qvi †h †cÖiYv cvq Zv g~jZt cÖavb ¯§„wZi Aw¯—‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y m¤¢e nq| cÖavb ¯§„wZi `ye©jZvq Kw¤úDUv‡ii mwVK AvDUcyU ev djvdj AR©b e¨nZ nq| cÖavb ¯§„wZ‡K wb‡æv³ wZb †kªYx‡Z wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb:-(a) ROM ev Read Only Memory (¯’vqx ¯§„wZ) t

G ¯§„wZ‡Z msiw¶Z Z_¨ ïaygvÎ cov hvq, cwieZ©b Kiv ev †gvQv hvq bv| Kw¤úDUvi Pvjy nevi mgq †h mg¯— Z_¨ Avgiv gwbU‡i †`L‡Z cvB Dnv ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ‡Z msiw¶Z _v‡K|

(b) RAM ev Random Access Memory (A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ) t Z_¨ ev Z_¨vejx ïaygvÎ cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi Rb¨ A¯’vqx ¯§„wZ‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges Kw¤úDUvi eÜ Ki‡j GB ¯§„wZ‡Z Ae¯’vbiZ Z_¨vejx gy‡Q hvq|

(c) R-WM ev Read-Write Memory (wjLb-cVb ¯§„wZ) t G ¯§„wZi mvnv‡h¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨vejx msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq Ges h‡_”Qv cwieZ©b mv‡c‡¶ Z_¨ mg~n‡K evievi eënvi Kiv hvq| G ¯§„wZ ROM Gi b¨vq ¯’vqx ¯§„wZ| Z‡e cv_©K¨ GB †h, Bnv‡K cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b cyivZb Z‡_ï mwnZ bZzb Z_¨ ms‡hvRb A_ev AcÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ we‡qvRb Kiv hvq|

Auxiliary Memory ev mnvqK ¯§„wZ t GwU we¯Z…Z I e„nr ¯§„wZ| msM„wnZ Z_¨-DcvË mg~n BbcyU †`qvi ci wbw`©ó dvB‡ji AvIZvq D³ WvUv (DcvË), Z_¨ mg~n Ae¯’vb K‡i| WvUv mg~n Kw¤úDUv‡ii mnvqK ¯§„wZ fvÛv‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e msiw¶Z nq| Pz¤^Kxq †Uc, wW¯‹ (nvW© wW¯‹, d¬wc wW¯‹), Wªvg cÖf„wZ mnvqK ¯§„wZi D`vniY|

Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †hgb cÖwZwU wRwbm cwigv‡ci GKK (†hgb: Zij c`v_© cwigv‡ci Rb¨- wjUvi, AvqZb cwigv‡ci Rb¨- wgUvi) cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| wVK †Zgwb Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ cwigv‡ci Rb¨ GKK wn‡m‡e evBU (Byte) eëüZ nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i GKwU A¶i (A B C D 1 2 3 4) aviY ev msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ 1 evBU ¯§„wZ cÖ‡qvRb nq| eo gv‡ci †¶‡Î eëüZ nq- KB MB GB TBKB - Kilo Byte 1 KB = 1024 ByteMB - Mega Byte 1 MB = 1024 KB GB - Gega Byte 1 GB = 1024 MB TB - Tera Byte 1 TB = 1024 GB

Input/ BbcyU t 10


BbcyU n‡”Q MÖnY Kiv‡bv| A_©vr Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv ev Kw¤úDUvi‡K Z_¨ MÖnY Kiv‡bv‡K BbcyU ejv nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨ BbcyU Kivi Rb¨ eëüZ K‡qKwU BbcyU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Kx‡evW©, gvDm I ¯‹¨vbvi Ab¨Zg| Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU wWfvBm¸‡jv Bnvi Bw›`ª‡qi KvR K‡i|

Output/ AvDUcyU t Kw¤úDUv‡i Z_¨-KgvÛ BbcyU Kivi ci wmwcBD-i mvnv‡h¨ Zv wePvi-we‡k-lY I cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwµqvRvZ Kivi c‡i †h djvdj cvIqv hvq ZvnvB ÔAvDUcyUÕ| †hgb:- Kx‡evW© †_‡K Kx Pvc‡j djvdj ev AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e ÷vU© †gby‡K mPj cvIqv hvq| Avevi Kx‡evW© †_‡K ch©vqµ‡g A N Ges D BbcyU Ki‡j djvdj ev AvDUcyU wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq AND - GKwU kã|

11

CD Compact Disk


‡÷v‡iR/msi¶Y t‡Kgb K‡i Z_¨ msi¶Y Kiv hvq?wewfbœ ai‡Yi Z_¨‡K Zvi aiY Abyhvqx Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e GK GKwU dvB‡ji Aax‡b Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq| dvBj wn‡m‡e Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi †¶‡Î wbw`©ó bvg wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| dvB‡ji bvgKi‡Yi †¶‡Î- ‘: / \ * ?’ wPý¸‡jv eënvi Kiv hvq bv| Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq ¯§„wZi wbw`©ó ¯’vb| wb‡æ Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi c×wZ wP‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡jv:-

Hard Disk/ nvW© wW¯‹ t

Kw¤úDUv‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ nvW© wW¯‹ me‡P‡q †ekx eëüZ nq| KviY- GwU k³, gReyZ †gUvj ev avZe c`v_© w`‡q ˆZix| AvqZ‡b eo weavq, wecyj cwigv‡Yi Z_¨ GLv‡b msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq| Gi aviY¶gZv I ¯’vqxZ¡ AwaK weavq Gi `vgI †ekx| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e G wW‡¯‹i mvnv‡h¨ kZ kZ eQi Z_¨ msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq| cÖwZwU wmwcBD-i m‡½ Kgc‡¶ GKwU nvW© wW¯‹ mshy³ _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK nvW© wW¯‹I eënvi Kiv hvq| Kw¤úDUv‡i nvW©wW¯‹ kbv³ Ki‡Z- C D E F A¶i¸‡jv eëüZ nq|

Floppy Disk Drive :d¬wc wW¯‹ Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ eëüZ nvW©Iq¨viwUi bvg n‡”Q d¬wc wW¯‹ WªvBf| d¬wc wW¯‹ WªvBf wmwcBD-i m‡½ hy³ _v‡K| cvIqvi †evZv‡gi Dc‡i Aew¯’Z d¬wc WªvB‡f d¬wc wW¯‹ cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Zv eënvi Ki‡Z nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i d¬wcwW¯‹ kbv³ Ki‡Z- A I B eëüZ nq|

Floppy Disk / d¬wc wW¯‹ t cvZjv cvw÷‡Ki ˆZix d¬wc wW¯‹ ¯’vqx (wjLb-cVb) ¯§„wZ| Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ G wW¯‹ eëüZ nq| †QvU-Lv‡Uv Dcb¨vm mgvb Z_¨ GLv‡b msi¶Y Kiv hvq| Gi Z_¨ aviY¶gZv Ges ¯’vqxZ¡ A‡bK Kg weavq Gi `vg Lye Kg| GKwU Kw¤úDUvi †_‡K Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i †QvU-Lv‡Uv dvBj ¯’vbvš—‡ii Rb¨ Ges e¨vKAvc †bqvi Rb¨ d¬wc wW¯‹ eëüZ nq|

CD-ROM Drive / wmwW-ig WªvBf t wmwW ev Kgc¨v± wW¯‹ Pvjv‡bvi nvW©Iq¨viwUi bvg n‡”Q- wmwW-ig WªvBf| d¬wc wW¯‹ WªvB‡fi Dc‡i Aew¯’Z G WªvB‡f wmwW cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q Zv eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

wmwW ev Kgc¨v± wW¯‹ tG wW‡¯‹ Z_¨‡K msKzwPZfv‡e msi¶Y K‡i ivLv hvq weavq Aí ¯§„wZ eënv‡i wecyj cwigv‡Yi Z_¨ msi¶Y Kiv hvq| eënv‡ii mgq msKzwPZ Z_¨ Qwo‡q hvq| mvaviYZt

C:Windows Student

System Fonts Letter Reports

i“U wW‡i±wi| G‡K WªvBf ejv nq| WªvBf‡K Avgiv K¨vwe‡bU ev Avjgvixi m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi|‡dvìvi| G‡K Avgiv Wªqv‡ii m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi| Z_¨ msi¶‡Y aiY Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ †dvìvi

12


wewfbœ †cÖvMÖvg, g¨vMvwRb, wfwWI, Mvb BZ¨vw` G ai‡Yi wW‡¯‹ msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq|

e¨vKAvc tRi“ix †h †Kvb dvBj nvwi‡q †M‡j ev bó n‡j wecyj ¶wZi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| †m‡¶‡Î mveavbZv Aejš^‡bi Rb¨ g~j dvB‡ji cvkvcvwk D³ dvB‡ji GKwU Kwc Ab¨Î msi¶Y Kivi eë¯’v‡K e¨vKAvc ejv nq| e¨vKAv‡ci Rb¨- d¬wc wW¯‹, nvW©wW¯‹mn Ab¨vb¨ †÷v‡iR wWfvBm eënvi Kiv hvq|

13


Operating System / Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g t md&UIq¨vi e¨ZxZ nvW©Iq¨vi - ÔcvBjU wenxb wegv‡bi b¨vqÕ| Kw¤úDUvi eënv‡i nvW©Iq¨vi I md&UIq¨vi G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK| Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbvq me©cÖ_g †h md&UIq¨viwU cÖ‡qvRb, Zv n‡”Q- ÔAcv‡iwUs wm‡÷gÕ| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g Kw¤úDUvi Pvjbvq e¨vcK f~wgKv iv‡L| Kw¤úDUvi‡K mvwe©Kfv‡e wbqš¿‡Yi KvRwU K‡i ÔAcv‡iwUs wm‡÷gÕ| Avi ZvB Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g‡K Kw¤úDUv‡ii gv÷vi K‡›Uªvj †cÖvMÖvg ejv nq| Bnv‡K Zzjbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i UªvwdK cywj‡ki m‡½, hvnv Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKjwKQy‡K ¯^v”Q‡›` PjvP‡j mvwe©Kfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g n‡”Q wKQy †cÖvMÖv‡gi mgvnvi, hvi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii dvBj eë¯’vcbvmn hveZxq wbqš¿‡Yi KvR K‡i| †mBm‡½, †cÖvMÖvg I eënviKvixi g‡a¨ mve©¶wYK †hvMv‡hvM i¶v K‡i| Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g wKQy †ewmK †cÖvMÖvg wbqš¿Y K‡i hv‡K ejv nq BDwUwjwU| GmKj BDwUwjwUi mvnv‡h¨ dvBj Kwc Kiv, wW‡i±wi ev †dvìvi ˆZix Kivmn Ab¨vb¨ KvR Kiv hvq| RbwcÖq I eûj eëüZ K‡qKwU Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g n‡”Q- DOS (Disk Operating System), OS/2, Windows, Linux BZ¨vw`|

Windows as a Operating System / Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g wn‡m‡e DBb‡WvR t gvB‡µvmd&U K‡c©v‡ik‡bi ˆZix DBb‡WvR GKwU RbwcÖq Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷g| window n‡”Q Rvbvjv, Avi G Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g mKj †cÖvMÖvg, dvBj-‡dvìvi DB‡Ûv ev Rvbvjv AvKv‡i Dcw¯’Z nq e‡jB g~jZt G Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q- ÔDBb‡WvRÕ| DBb‡Wv‡Ri Ab¨Zg êwkó¨ n‡”Q- mKj dvBj-‡cÖvMÖv‡gi bv‡gi cvkvcvwk AvBKb ev Qwe _v‡K| AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i mn‡RB †cÖvMÖvg-dvBj mPj Kiv hvq| DB‡ÛvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷gwU 1.0 ms¯‹iY w`‡q hvÎv ïi“ K‡i cieZ©x‡Z 3.1; 95; 98; Millenium ms¯‹ib †cwo‡q eZ©gv‡b ÔWindowsXP’ ms¯‹i‡Y Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| Z‡e, mnR-mvewjj Ges Sv‡gjv wenxb Kv‡Ri myweavi Rb¨ DBb‡WvRÕ98 me‡P‡q †ekx RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i‡Q| DB‡Ûv ev Rvbvjv AvKv‡i Dcw¯’wZi Rb¨ G Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g mKj †cÖvMÖvg, dvBj-‡dvìvi‡K mn‡RB wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| DBb‡Wv‡Ri Aci GKwU myweav n‡”Q- GKBm‡½ GKvwaK †cÖvMÖvg (DB‡Ûv AvKv‡i) eënv‡ii my‡hvM| GKwU DB‡Ûvi mvaviY Aeqe wbæiƒc:-

Minimize Button :G evUb ev †evZv‡g wK¬K K‡i DB‡Ûv‡K †QvU AvKv‡i iƒcvš—i Kiv hvq|

Maximize Button :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡Ûv‡K eo (m‡eŸ©v”P) AvKv‡i iƒcvš—i Kiv hvq|

Close Button :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡Ûv‡K eÜ Ki‡Z nq|List Arrow Button :G evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡j wj÷ ev ZvwjKv cvIqv hvq|Up Scroll Button :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvÕi Dc‡ii Ask †`L‡Z nq|

Title Bar :‡jŠn `‡Ûi b¨vq †`L‡Z G eviwU‡Z DB‡ÛvÕi bvg †jLv _v‡K, hv †`‡L †evSv hvq †Kvb DB‡Ûv/ †cÖvMÖvgwU eënvi Kiv n‡”Q|Menu Bar :GLv‡b †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ †gby _v‡K (†hgb:- File

Tool Bar :GLv‡b †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ Uzj/evUb _v‡K| †gbyi cvkvcvwk GmKj Uzj

14


Status Bar :DB‡Ûvi ÷¨vUvm ev Ae¯’v GLv‡b D‡jL _v‡K|

Down Scroll Button :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvÕi bx‡Pi Ask †`L‡Z nq|

Right Scroll Button :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i DB‡ÛvÕi Wv‡bi Ask †`L‡Z nq|

Left Scroll Button :DB‡Ûvi ev‡gi Ask †`L‡Z G evU‡b wK¬K

Working Area :GwU n‡”Q DB‡ÛvÕi Kg© GjvKv, †hLv‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR mgvav

15

Hard & Soft ComputersWindows Desktop/ DB‡ÛvR †W¯‹Uc t

Application / G¨vcwj‡Kkb t G¨vcwj‡Kkb n‡”Q KvR| wfbœ wfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ‰Zix Kiv nq wfbœ wfbœ md&UIq¨vi, hv‡K †cÖvMÖvg ev G¨vcwj‡KkbI ejv nq| †hgb:- MavisWin, MS-Word; MS-Excel; Paint BZ¨vw`|To Start an Applcation (Program)/ G¨vcwj‡Kkb (†cÖvMÖvg) ïi“ Kiv t wewfbœ Dcv‡q †cÖvMÖvg ÷vU© ev ïi“ Kiv hvq| Zb¥‡a¨ 2wU Dcvq GLv‡b †`qv n‡jv(1) ‡W¯‹Uc †_‡K : - ‡W¯‹U‡c Aew¯’Z †cÖvMÖvg AvBK‡b Wvej

wK¬K K‡i †cÖvMÖvg mPj Ki‡Z n‡e|(2) ÷vU© †gby †_‡K : - Start †gby †_‡K Program Ges †cÖvMÖvg

†_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖvMÖvgwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|To Close a Program/ ‡cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kiv t wZbwU c×wZ‡Z †cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kiv hvq|(1) kU©KvU ev mivmwi KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M : -

Alt + F4 (Alt Kx †P‡c a‡i †i‡L F4) KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|(2) File †gbyi Exit (Exit bv _vK‡j Close) KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M : -

File †gby †_‡K Exit KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|(3) Close evUb eënv‡i : -

DB‡Ûvi Dc‡ii Wvb‡Kv‡Y Aew¯’Z †K¬vR evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Uv¯‹ev‡ii kU©KvU ZvwjKv t-Uv¯‹ev‡i Aew¯’Z †cÖvMÖv‡gi bv‡g gvDm c‡q›Uvi †i‡L Wvb †evZv‡g Pvc w`‡j (right click) - kU©KvU †gby cvIqv hvq| †hgb:-

Taskbar:mPj †cÖvMÖv‡gi bvg GLv‡b †`Lv hvq| GLv‡b Aew¯’Z †cÖvMÖvg bv‡g GKevi wK¬K Ki‡j Zv mvg‡b Av‡m (†QvU Ae¯’vq _vK‡j) Ges cybivq wK¬K Ki‡j wgwbgvBR ev †QvU nq (g¨vw·gvBR ev

Start Menu :GLvb †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg Pvjy Kiv, dvBj-‡dvìvi †LuvR Kiv mn

System Tray: fwjDg K‡›Uªvj, weRq, mgq I ZvwiLmn wewfbœ c×wZi AvBKb (Qwe) GLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| GLv‡b wK¬K K‡i mn‡RB GLv‡b Aew¯’Z welq¸‡jv

Kw¤úDUvi ¯ŒxY‡K †W¯‹Uc ejv nq| †mBm‡½ DB‡ÛvRÕ98 Pvjv‡bvi ci GB ¯ŒxYwU mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m hvi bx‡Pi evg‡Kv‡Y Ô÷vU© evUbÕ Ges †fZ‡i ‘My Computer’, ‘My Document’ Ges ‘Recycle Bin’ Dcw¯’Z _v‡K|

16

Hard & Soft ComputersG †gby †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg mvg‡b Avb‡Z Maximize A_ev Restore KgvÛ w`‡Z nq, †cÖvMÖvg eÜ Kivi Rb¨ Close-G wK¬K Ki‡Z nq|

wm‡÷g †Uª t- ÔfwjDg K‡›UªvjÕ, ÔweRqÕ, Ô†WU GÛ UvBg †cÖvcvwU©Õ GLv‡b _v‡K| fwjDg K‡›Uªv‡ji mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii kã wbqš¿Y Kiv nq| evsjv †_‡K Bs‡iRx Ges Bs‡iRx †_‡K evsjv †jLvi mgq Kx‡evW© mgš^q Ki‡Z ÔweRqÕ cÖ‡qvRb Ges Kw¤úDUv‡ii mgq I ZvwiL wba©viY Ki‡Z ‘Date and Time Property’ AvBKb cÖ‡qvRb|

fwjDg K‡›Uªvj/kã wbqš¿Y t- Kw¤úDUv‡ii kã Kgv‡bv/evov‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡æi KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e:-

- fwjDg K‡›Uªvj AvBK‡b wK¬K- ¯vBWvi Dc‡ii w`‡K DVv‡j fwjDg evo‡e Ges bx‡Pi w`‡K

bvgv‡j fwjDg Kg‡e

- kã eÜ/mPj Ki‡Z Mute e‡· wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Setting Date & Time / ZvwiL Ges mgq wba©viY t - mgq †jLvi g‡a¨ (Date & Time Properties) Wvej wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e- (Date & Time Properties e· Avm‡e) A_ev Kx †P‡c gvm wba©viY

K‡i U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e- mb wba©viY K‡i U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, ZvwiL wba©viY K‡i U¨ve

Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e- N›Uv wba©viY K‡i U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, wgwbU wba©viY K‡i

U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e- ‡m‡KÛ wba©viY K‡i U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, AM/PM wba©viY K‡i

Apply-G wK¬K (†mwUs †`Lv hv‡e)- Ok-G wK¬K K‡i †mwUswU wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e|

To Change Display /wWm‡ú cwieZ©b Kiv t

1. ¯Œx‡Y mKjwKQy †QvU AvKv‡i A_ev eo AvKv‡i †`Lvi Rb¨ Screen Area wba©viY t - ‡W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqMvq gvDm c‡q›Uvi †i‡L Right Click Ki‡Z n‡e- kU©KvU †gby †_‡K Properties-G wK¬K- (Display Properties e· Avm‡e) Settings U¨v‡e wK¬K- Screen ¯vBWvi Wv‡b A_ev ev‡g Wª¨vM K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wc‡·j wba©viY

Ki‡Z n‡e (mKjwKQy eo AvKv‡i †`L‡Z- 640 x 480 wc‡·j Ges ÷¨vÛvW© Ae¯’vq †`L‡Z- 800 x 600 wc‡·j)

- Apply-G wK¬K, Ok-G wK¬K (†mwUs †`Lv hv‡e), †mwUswU wba©viY Ki‡Z- ch©vqµ‡g Yes Ges Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

2. †W¯‹U‡ci Background ev Wallpaper wba©viY t - ‡W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqMvq Right Click Ki‡Z n‡e, Properties-G wK¬K- (Display Properties e· Avm‡e) Background A_ev Desktop U¨v‡e wK¬K- Dcw¯’Z e‡·i bx‡Pi w`K †_‡K e¨vKMÖvDÛ wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-

Soap Bubble)17

Hard & Soft Computers- Apply-G wK¬K K‡i †mwUs †`Lv hv‡e- †mwUswU wba©viY Ki‡Z- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

3. Appearance/ Aeqe wba©viY t - ‡W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqMvq Right Click, kU©KvU †gby †_‡K Properties-G

wK¬K- (Display Properties e· Avm‡e) Appearance U¨v‡e wK¬K- Up/Down Arrow (/) Kx †P‡c †P‡c wewfbœ aiY †`‡L cQ‡›ì aiYwU

wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e(mvaviYfv‡e Windows Standard wba©vwiZ _v‡K)

- (Apply-G wK¬K K‡i †mwUs †`Lv hv‡e), †mwUswU wba©viY Ki‡Z- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

4. Screen Saver wba©viY t Kv‡Ri mgq ¯ŒxYUv‡K Rxeš— g‡b nq (cÖwZwbqZ Kg‡ewk cwieZ©b N‡U)| wKš‘ KvR bv K‡i ‡_‡g _vK‡j ¯ŒxYUv‡K w¯’i, g„Z g‡b nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i KvR bv Ki‡jI hv‡Z ¯ŒxYwU‡K Rxeš— g‡b nq Zvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q †ekwKQy †cÖvMÖvg- hv‡K ¯ŒxY‡mfvi ejv nq| †Kvb ¯ŒxY‡mfvi wba©vwiZ _vK‡j wbw`©ó mgq c‡i (c~‡e© wba©vwiZ) Zv evi evi ¯Œx‡Y cÖ`wk©Z nq|

¯ŒxY †mfvi wba©vi‡Y KiYxq:-- ‡W¯‹U‡ci Lvwj RvqMvq Right Click Ki‡Z n‡e, Properties-G wK¬K- (Display Properties e· Avm‡e) Screen Saver U¨v‡e wK¬K- Screen Saver e· †_‡K cQ‡›ì ¯ŒxY †mfviwU wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

(†Kvb ¯ŒxY †mfvi bv PvB‡j- None wba©viY Ki‡Z nq)- Preview-G wK¬K K‡i †mwUs †`Lv hv‡e - Wait e‡· wK¬K K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (GLv‡b mgq

n‡”Q- KZUv mgq KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM bv n‡j ¯ŒxY †mfviwU cÖ`wk©Z n‡e)- ¯ŒxY‡mfviwU wba©viY Ki‡Z- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

My Computer/ gvB Kw¤úDUvi cwiwPwZ t †W¯‹U‡c Aew¯’Z gvB Kw¤úDUvi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask| Wvej wK¬K K‡i ÔgvB Kw¤úDUviÕ mPj Ki‡j wewfbœ WªvBf cvIqv hvq| †hgb:-

wewfbœ WªvBf :

GmKj WªvBf mPj K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj-‡dvìvi †Lvjv, Kwc-‡c÷, ¯’vbvš—i I bvg cwieZ©bmn Ab¨vb¨ KvR Kiv hvq|

What is a ‘File’ (dvBj wK) ?

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Hard & Soft ComputersKw¤úDUv‡i cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wewfbœai‡Yi Z_¨ fvÛvi‡K dvBj ejv nq| †hgb:- wPwV, Qwe, wi‡cvU©, WKz‡g›U, eëmvwqK wnmve BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ ai‡Yi Z_¨‡K Zvi aiY Abyhvqx Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e GK GKwU dvB‡ji Aax‡b Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶Y K‡i ivLv nq| †hgb:- GKwU wPwV‡K ‘Letter’ bv‡g msi¶Y Kiv| GLv‡b ‘Letter’ n‡”Q- dvBj Ges G‡Z msiw¶Z wPwVi welqe¯‘ n‡”Q- Z_¨| dvBj wn‡m‡e Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ wbw`©ó bvg wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| dvB‡ji bvgKi‡Yi †¶‡Î- ‘: / \ * ?’ wPý¸‡jv eënvi Kiv hvq bv|

What is ‘Folder’ ( ‡dvìvi wK) ? †dvìvi n‡”Q dvBj I †dvìvi ivLvi Wªqvi we‡kl| wfbœ wfbœ Wªqv‡i iw¶Z cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj-KvMRcÎ †hgb mn‡RB Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq, wVK †Zgwb mn‡R dvBj Lyu‡R cvIqvi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ †dvìvi ˆZix K‡i Zv eënvi Kiv nq| †hgb:- DB‡Ûv‡Ri cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj¸‡jv Windows bvgK †dvìv‡i ivLv nq|

Finding ‘Files’ or ‘Folders’ ( ÒdvBÛ A_ev mvP©Ó KgvÛ eënv‡i dvBj-‡dvìvi †LvuR Kiv) t wb‡R GKwU GKwU K‡i dvBj-†dvìvi bv Lyu‡R - Kw¤úDUvi‡K w`‡q Lye mn‡RB †h-‡Kvb dvBj-‡dvìvi †LvuR Kiv‡bv hvq| †mRb¨ KiYxq:-

- Start ‡_‡K Find A_ev Search Zvici Files or Folders KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- †h dvBj A_ev ‡dvìviwU †LvuR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Mavis)

(dvB‡ji bvg UvBc bv n‡j- cÖ_‡g L Pvc‡Z n‡e Zvici dvBj A_ev ‡dvìv‡ii bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e)- GKUz bx‡P Aew¯’Z Look in wj÷ G¨v‡iv‡Z wK¬K K‡i My Computer

wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Find Now A_ev Search Now KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM K‡i A‡c¶v Ki‡j- dvBj A_ev

†dvìviwU cvIqv hv‡e|

†dvìvi Gi KvR tbZzb †dvìvi ˆZix Kiv t-1g avc - Wvej wK¬K K‡i ‘My Computer’ mPj Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - †h WªvB‡f Ô†dvìviÕ ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †m WªvB‡f (A C D E F BZ¨vw`) Wvej wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e3q avc - File > New > Folder KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (New Folder bv‡g †dvìvi ˆZix n‡e) 4_© avc - †dvìv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq bvg UvBc K‡i G›Uvi Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

Cut Ges Paste KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M dvBj-†dvìvi ¯’vbvš—i Kiv t- 1g avc - Wvej wK¬K K‡i My Computer mPj Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - †h dvBj-†dvìviwU ¯’vbvš—i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wK¬K K‡i wm‡j± ev wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e3q avc - Edit †gby †_‡K Cut KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e 4_© avc - dvBj-†dvìviwU †hLv‡b ¯’vbvš—i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e (wK¬K K‡i)5g avc - Edit †gby †_‡K Paste KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Copy Ges Paste KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M dvBj-†dvìvi Wywc ‡KU Kiv t- 1g avc - Wvej wK¬K K‡i My Computer mPj Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - †h dvBj-†dvìviwU Wywc‡KU Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± ev wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e3q avc - Edit > Copy KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e 4_© avc - dvBj-†dvìv‡ii Wywc‡KUwU †hLv‡b ¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e (wK¬K K‡i)

19

Hard & Soft Computers5g avc - Edit > Paste KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Deleting File-Folder ( dvBj-‡dvìvi gy‡Q †djv) t 1g avc - My Computer mPj K‡i gy‡Q †djvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj-‡dvìvi wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - Kx‡ev‡W©i Delete Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e3q avc - (evZv© Avm‡e) gy‡Q †dj‡Z wbwðZ n‡j Yes KgvÛ w`‡Z n‡e|

Recycle Bin ( wimvB‡Kj web) t DBb‡Ûv‡R gy‡Q †djv dvBj-‡dvìvi Rwg‡q ivLvi GKwU gva¨g n‡”Q- wimvB‡Kj web| G‡K Avgiv I‡q‡÷R †ccvi e‡·i m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvwi| AcÖ‡qvRbxq KvMR-cÎ †hgb I‡q‡÷R †ccvi e‡· †d‡j †`qv nq| wVK †Zgwb gy‡Q †djv dvBj-‡dvìvi GLv‡b †d‡j †`qv nq| ‘Restore’ A_ev ‘Recover’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M gy‡Q †djv dvBj-‡dvìvi cybi“×vi Ki‡Z nq| D‡jL¨, wimvB‡Kj web †_‡K dvBj-‡dvìvi gy‡Q †dj‡j wd‡i cvIqv hvq bv|

Recovering deleted File-Folder ( gy‡Q †djv dvBj-‡dvìvi cybi“×vi Kiv) t 1g avc - Recycle Bin AvBK‡b Wvej wK¬K K‡i Zv mPj Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - †h dvBj-‡dvìvi cybi“×vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e3q avc - File > Restore A_ev Recover KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (dvBj-‡dvìviwU †hLvb †_‡K gy‡Q †djv n‡qwQj †mLv‡b Ae¯’vb †b‡e)|

Some Shortcut Command ( wKQy kU©KvU ev mivmwi KgvÛ) t Ctrl + X - KvU Ki‡Z + E - G·‡cvivi mPj Ki‡ZCtrl + C - Wywc‡KU Ki‡Z + F - dvBÛ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ZCtrl + V - †c÷ ev ¯’vcb Ki‡Z + M - DB‡Ûv wgwbgvBR Ki‡Z

Using ‘Send To’ command ( Ô‡mÛ UzÕ KgvÛ eënv‡i dvBj-‡dvìvi Ab¨Î cvuVv‡bv) t Kwc-‡c÷ bv K‡i Lye mn‡RB †h‡Kvb dvBj-‡dvìvi Ab¨Î (Wywc‡KU A_ev kU©KvU wn‡m‡e) †cÖiY Kiv t-1g avc - †h dvBj-‡dvìvi Ab¨Î Wywc‡KU K‡i †cÖiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zvi Ici ivBU wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e -2q avc - kU©KvU †gby †_‡K Send To KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e3q avc - †Kv_vq Wywc‡KU Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e †hgb:- Kwc AvKv‡i d¬wc wW‡¯‹ †cÖiY Ki‡Z

kU©KvU wn‡m‡e †W¯‹U‡c †cÖiY Ki‡ZB-‡gBj-G †cÖi‡Yi RbÄvDUjyK eënv‡i B-†gBj (B‡j±ªwbK WvK) Ki‡ZÔgvB WKz‡g›UÕ-G †cÖiY Ki‡ZI‡qe †cBR wn‡m‡e cÖKvkbvi Rb¨

20

Hard & Soft ComputersMicrosoft Word ev MS-Word ev Word gvB‡µvmd&U K‡c©v‡ik‡bi ˆZix ÔIqvW©Õ n‡”Q GKwU IqvW© cÖ‡mwms †cÖvMÖvg ev md&UIq¨vi| IqvW© ev kã‡K cÖwµqvKiY K‡i wewfbœ ai‡Yi WKz‡g›U (wPwV, wi‡cvU©, Rvb©vj BZ¨vw`) ˆZixi GKwU Abb¨ †cÖvMÖvg n‡”Q- gvB‡µvmd&U IqvW© ev Gg-Gm IqvW©| IqvW© eënv‡ii Ab¨Zg myweav n‡”Q- Word Wrapping, hvid‡j †h‡Kvb¯’v‡b bZzb K‡i Z_¨ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î bZzb Z‡_ï Rb¨ ÔIqvW©Õ cÖ‡qvRbxq RvqMv K‡i †`q| GQvovI wewfbœ is, †jLvi wewfbœ aiY I MVb (dig¨vU) wba©viY K‡i WKz‡g›U‡K my›ìfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| †mBmv‡_ Bs‡iRx evbvb I e¨vKiY ky× Ki‡Z GLv‡b i‡q‡Q wWKkbvix| ÷vU© †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg Ges †cÖvMÖvg Ackb †_‡K ‘Word ev MS-Word ev Microsoft Word’ wbe©vPb Ki‡j wb‡æi ¯ŒxYwU cvIqv hvq:-

wfD cwieZ©b Kiv :-WKz‡g›U‡K wewfbœ Avw½‡K †`Lvi Rb¨ wfD wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| Zb¥‡a¨- Normal, Page/Print Layout Ges Zoom D‡jL‡hvM¨|Normal View/ mvaviYfv‡e †`Lv :-

- V iew > Normal KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡ePage/Print Layout/ c„ôv AvKv‡i †`Lv (WKz‡g‡›U KvR Ki‡Z G wfDwU †ekx myweavRbK) :-

- V iew > Page Layout A_ev Print Layout KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡eZoom/ WKz‡g›U‡K †QvU-eo K‡i †`Lv:- - Ryg wj÷ G¨v‡iv‡Z wK¬K Ki‡j wewfbœ cvi‡m‡›UR †`Lv hv‡e,

cÖ‡qvRbxqwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb:- 500% - WKz‡g›U‡K 5 ¸Y eo K‡i †`Lvi Rb¨| 200% - WKz‡g›U‡K 2 ¸Y eo K‡i †`L‡Z| 100% - WKz‡g‡›Ui mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvc †`Lvi Rb¨| Page Width – c„ôvi cvkUzKz †`L‡Z| Whole Page - m¤ú~Y© c„ôv AvKv‡i †`L‡Z| Two Pages - `yÕwU c„ôv GKm‡½ †`L‡Z|

Horizontal Ruler :nwiR›Uvj i“jv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ WKz‡g‡›Ui cv‡ki gvc Ges Wvb I ev‡gi gvwR©b ¯úófv‡e †evSv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b GLvb †_‡K Formatting Toolbar :dig¨vwUs Uzjev‡i †jLvi wewfbœ ai‡Yi MVb wba©vi‡Yi hveZxq Uzj ev evUb _v‡K| †hgb:- Font Size evUb †_‡K †jLvi

Status Bar :÷¨vUvm ev‡i _v‡K †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Z_¨| †hgb:- GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q- Page 1 Sec 1 L/1 At 1”| G¸‡jv †`‡L †evSv hv‡”Q 1g c„ôvi 1 bs †mKk‡b, 1g jvB‡b †jLv n‡e Ges Kvm©‡ii Ae¯’vb Av‡Q 1 BwÂ bx‡P|

Standard Toolbar :÷¨vÛvW© Uzjev‡i _v‡K Kgb KvR Kivi wewfbœ Uzj ev evUb (†hgb:- cÖ_g evUb eënv‡i bZzb dvBj ˆZix Ges wØZxq Cursor :Kvm©i n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii Ae¯’vb wb‡`©kK| Kvm©i †hLv‡b _vK‡e Vertical Ruler :fvwU©K¨vj i“jv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ WKz‡g‡›Ui D”PZv Ges Dc‡i-bx‡Pi gvwR©b m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b GLvb

100%

21


bZzb dvBj ev WKz‡g›U ˆZix Kiv :-- Ctrl + N A_ev- F ile > New KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM - General U¨v‡e wK¬K, Blank Document wbe©vPb K‡i Ok KgvÛ evU‡b

wK¬K|

Saving a new document/ bZzb WKz‡g›U msi¶Y Kiv :- WKz‡g›U ˆZix K‡i fwel¨‡Z eënv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b †mBf ev msi¶Y Ki‡Z nq| msi¶Y Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- F ile > Save KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev Ctrl + S- File name e‡· dvB‡ji bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e- Save in e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq WªvBf wbe©vPb, cÖ‡qvRbxq †dvìvi (†h

†dvìv‡i dvBjwU †mBf Kiv cÖ‡qvRb) wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- O pen-G wK¬K, Save-G wK¬K|

To Close Document ( WKz‡g›U eÜ Kiv ) :- - Ctrl + W

A_ev - F ile > Close KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

Opening a Saved File/Document ( msiw¶Z dvBj ev WKz‡g›U mPj Kiv) :- - Ctrl + O A_ev- F ile > Open KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM - cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj/WKz‡g›UwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Open KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Selecting Text/ †jLv wbe©vPb Kiv :- WKz‡g‡›Ui wbw`©ó As‡ki KvR Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq AskUzKz wm‡j± ev wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| wm‡j± Kivi wewfbœ c×wZ i‡q‡Q| Zb¥‡a¨ mnR `y'‡Uv cš’v wbæiƒc :-

gvDm I Kx‡evW© eënv‡i †jLv wm‡j± Kiv t- ‡hLvb †_‡K †U·U/†jLv wm‡j± Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, Kvm©i †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- Shift Kx †P‡c a‡i †h ch©š— wm‡j± Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, †mLv‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z

n‡e|

ïaygvÎ gvDm eënv‡i †jLv wm‡j± Kiv t- jvB‡bi ïi“‡Z gvDm c‡q›Uvi ( Ae¯’vq) †i‡L wK¬K Ki‡j m¤ú~Y©

jvBbwU wm‡j± n‡e (ch©vqµ‡g Wª¨vM Ki‡j jvBb¸‡jv wm‡j± n‡e) A_ev cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’vb †_‡K gvDm Wª¨vM K‡iI †jLv wbe©vPb Kiv hv‡e|

Selecting Whole Document/ m¤ú~Y© WKz‡g›U wbe©vPb Kiv :- - WKz‡g›U mPj †i‡L Ctrl + A A_ev Edit > Select All KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

wet `ªt wm‡jKkb ev wbe©vPb evwZj Ki‡Z- †h‡Kvb G¨v‡iv Kx ( ) Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev wm‡jKk‡bi evB‡i wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

‘Undo’ command/ ÔAvbWyÕ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M c~‡e©i cwieZ©b evwZj Kiv : Kv‡Ri mgq A‡bK AbvKvw•LZ cwieZ©b msNwUZ nq| c~‡e© msNwUZ cwieZ©bwU evwZj Ki‡Z ÔAvbWyÕ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨-

- Ctrl + Z A_ev Edit > Undo KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM22


‘Redo’ command/ ÔwiWyÕ Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ c~‡e©i cwieZ©bwU Kvh©Ki Kiv : c~‡e© msNwUZ †Kvb cwieZ©b‡K Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z ev Zvi cybive„wË NUv‡Z ÔwiWyÕ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvRb nq| †mRb¨-

- F4 Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev Ctrl + Y A_ev Edit > Redo KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

Using of ‘Cut’ and ‘Paste’ / ÔKvUÕ I Ô‡c÷Õ KgvÛ Gi eënvi : †jLv Dchy³ ¯’v‡b †jLv nqwb - Ab¨Î n‡q‡Q! Zv‡Z wK? †WUv Ab¨Î miv‡bvi †¶‡Î ÔKvUÕ I Ô‡c÷Õ Kgv‡Ûi Zzjbv nqbv| mn‡RB GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b Z_¨ mwi‡q WKz‡g‡›Ui m¤úv`bv mnRfv‡e †m‡i †djv hvq| Z_¨ ¯’vbvš—‡i KiYxq:-

- hvnv ¯’vbvš—i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb- Zv wm‡j± ev wbev©Pb K‡i Edit > Cut KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

- †hLv‡b ¯’vbvš—i Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Kvm©i †mLv‡b †i‡L Edit > Paste KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Using of ‘Copy’ and ‘Paste’ / ÔKwcÕ I Ô‡c÷Õ KgvÛ Gi eënvi : GKB welq evievi wjL‡Z Amn¨ jvMvUv LyeB ¯^vfvweK| †m‡¶‡Î ÔKwcÕ I Ô‡c÷Õ Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ Wywc‡KU K‡i Zv ÔwK¬c‡ev‡W©Õ (KvU A_ev Kwc Kiv Z_¨ ivLvi GKwU †g‡gvwi †jv‡Kkb) ivLv hvq - cÖ‡qvRb n‡jB Ô‡c÷Õ Kgv‡Û Kvw•LZ Z_¨ ÔWywc‡KUÕ wn‡m‡e cvIqv hvq| Z_¨ Wywc‡KU Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- hvnv Wywc‡KU Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± K‡i Edit > Copy KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- ‡hLv‡b Wywc‡KUwU ivLv cÖ‡qvRb - Kvm©i †mLv‡b †i‡L Edit > Paste

KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Finding Data with ‘Find’ command/ dvBÛ Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ Z_¨ †LvuR Kiv : WKz‡g‡›Ui †h‡Kvb ¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z cÖ‡qvRbxq †WUv/DcvË ev Z_¨ mn‡RB Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| †mRb¨-

- Ctrl + F A_ev Edit > Find KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- ‡h kãwU †LvuR Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e, Find Next KgvÛ

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Replacing data with ‘Replace’ / †Kvb Z_¨‡K Ab¨ †Kvb Z_¨ w`‡q cwieZ©b : GKvwaK¯’v‡b Aew¯’Z †Kvb Z_¨‡K Ab¨ †Kvb Z_¨ w`‡q cwieZ©b Kivi bvg n‡”Q Replace. †hgb:- A‡bK¯’v‡b ÔXvKvÕ †jLv Av‡Q- me¸‡jv ÔXvKvÕ‡K ÔLyjbvÕ kãwU w`‡q cwieZ©b|

- Ctrl + H A_ev Edit > Replace KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Find What e‡· wjL‡Z n‡e †h kãwU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e (GLv‡b †hgb:-

ÔXvKvÕ)- U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, Replace with e‡· wjL‡Z n‡e- †h kã ev Z_¨ w`‡q

cwieZ©b Kiv cÖ‡qvRb (GLv‡b †hgb:- ÔLyjbvÕ)

- Find Next KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM, ïaygvÎ wm‡j±‡UW ev wbe©vwPZ kãwU cwieZ©b Ki‡Z Replace KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ges me¸‡jv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z- Replace All KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„„ôv A_ev Kjv‡g weiwZ †`qv :c„ôv I Kjv‡g wbw`©ó cwigvY Z_¨ mshy³ K‡i cieZ©x c„ôv A_ev cieZ©x Kjv‡g Z_¨ mshyw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡¶‡Î c„ôv A_ev Kjv‡g Break ev weiwZ w`‡q cieZ©x Kjvg A_ev c„ôvq Z_¨ mshy³ Ki‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î-

23

Hard & Soft Computers- Insert > Break KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- c„ôvq weiwZ w`‡Z- Next Page-G wK¬K A_ev Kjv‡g weiwZ w`‡Z- Column

Break-G wK¬K, Ok-G wK¬K|

Go to KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M wbw`©ó c„ôvq Mgb : WKz‡g‡›U Kv‡Ri mgq Lye mn‡RB GK c„ôv †_‡K Ab¨ c„ôvq hvIqv hvq| †mRb¨-

- Ctrl + G A_ev Edit > Go To KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- †h c„ôvq hvIqv cÖ‡qvRb †m c„ôvi bv¤^vi wj‡L Go To KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

Ki‡Z n‡e|

Selecting Page Setup/ c„ôvi †mUAvc wba©viY : †h‡Kvb ai‡Yi WKz‡g›U ˆZixi †¶‡Î c„ôvi AvKvi, gvwR©b GKwU Ri“ix welq| wWdë †mwUs-G ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Avgiv c„ôvi GKwU †mUAvc cvB| Avi Zv n‡”Q- c„ôvwU cÖ‡¯’ 8.5 BwÂ Ges D”PZv 11 BwÂ, Dc‡ii Ges wb‡Pi gvwR©b 1 BwÂ Ges Wv‡b I ev‡gi gvwR©b 1.26| c„„ôvi gvwR©b wba©viY :

- cÖ‡qvRbxq c„ôvwU‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i File > Page Setup KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- (Page Setup WvqvjM e· Avm‡e) Margin U¨v‡e wK¬K- Top e· †_‡K c„ôvi Dc‡ii gvwR©b, Bottom e· †_‡K c„ôvi wb‡Pi gvwR©b,

Left e· †_‡K c„ôvi ev‡gi gvwR©b Ges Right e· †_‡K c„ôvi Wv‡bi gvwR©b wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

- ïaygvÎ Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôvwU‡Z Kvw•LZ †mUAvcwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z- Apply To e· †_‡K This Section wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, A_ev WKz‡g‡›Ui me¸‡jv c„ôvi Rb¨ †mUAvcwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z- Whole Document wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„„ôvi mvBR ev AvKvi wba©viY :mvaviYfv‡e wKQy wbw`©ó gv‡ci KvMR evRv‡i wKb‡Z cvIqv hvq| †hgb:- Letter bv‡gi KvMRwUi AvKvi 8.5 X 11 BwÂ, A4 bv‡gi KvMRwU 8.27 X 11.69 BwÂ Ges Legal bv‡gi KvMRwU 8.5 X 14 BwÂ| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i DwjwLZ †h‡Kvb ai‡Yi KvMR/c„ôv wba©viY QvovI wb‡Ri B‡”QgZ c„ôvi mvBR ev AvKvi wba©viY Kiv hvq| c„ôvi mvBR wba©vi‡Y KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq c„ôvwU‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i File > Page Setup KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM, Paper Size U¨v‡e wK¬K

- Paper Size e· †_‡K c„ôvi mvBR ev AvKvi wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Letter, A4, Legal BZ¨vw`) A_ev cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Width Ges Height e‡· c„ôvi cÖ‡qvRbxq gvc wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e

- ïaygvÎ Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôvq Kvw•LZ †mUAvcwU wba©vi‡Y- Apply To e· †_‡K This Section wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, A_ev WKz‡g‡›Ui me¸‡jv c„ôvi Rb¨ †mUAvcwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z- Whole Document wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|c„„ôv‡K Landscape A_ev Portrait -G iƒcvš—i Kiv : wKQy WKz‡g›U j¤^v AvK…wZi nq, Avevi wKQy WyKz‡g›U A_ev wbw`©ó c„ôv D”PZvi †P‡q cÖ‡¯’ †ekx nq| WKz‡g›U A_ev †Kvb c„ôv cÖ‡¯’ †ekx Ges D”PZvq Kg n‡j c„ôvwU‡K Landscape-G iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq c„ôvwU‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i File > Page Setup KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- (Page Setup WvqvjM e· Avm‡e), Margin A_ev Paper Size U¨v‡e wK¬K- cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Landscape A_ev Portrait-G wK¬K

24

Hard & Soft Computers- ïaygvÎ Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôvq Kvw•LZ †mUAvcwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z- Apply

To e· †_‡K This Section wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, A_ev WKz‡g‡›Ui me¸‡jv c„ôvi Rb¨ †mUAvcwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z- Whole Document wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e


Spelling & Grammer /Bs‡iRx evbvb I e¨vKiY ï×KiY t †¯új †PKv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Lye mn‡RB Bs‡iRx evbvb I e¨vKiY ï× Kiv hvq| evbvb ï× Kivi `y'‡Uv c×wZt-

1| Shortcut ‡gby eënv‡i :-- fyj k‡ã ivBU wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e- ï× k‡ãi ZvwjKv cvIqv hv‡e, †mLvb †_‡K ï× kãwU-‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

2| Tools †_‡K Spelling and Grammer KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M :-- cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b Kvm©i †i‡L F7 Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev Tools > Spelling and

Grammer KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- wb‡æi †¯úwjs GÛ MÖvgvi WvqvjM e· Avm‡e

- fyj kã ï× Ki‡Z- mv‡Rkb e· †_‡K mwVK kã wbe©vPb K‡i Change KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx KgvÛ ( †hgb:- Ignore, Add) evU‡b wK¬K|

Not in Dictionary :GB e‡· fyj kãwU jvj i‡O †`Lv hvq| Ges e¨vKiYMZ fyj Ask meyR i‡O †`Lv hvq|

kã ï× g‡b K‡i Gwo‡q hvIqvi KgvÛ w`‡Z G evUb eëüZ nq| †Kvb kã Kw¤úDUvi wWKkbvix‡Z hy³ Ki‡Z G KgvÛ evUb cÖ‡qvRb nq|

ï× kã wbe©vPb

Sugestion Box :ï× kã ZvwjKv GLv‡b _v‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wK¬K K‡i ï× kãwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| ï× kã cvIqv bv †M‡j-

25


U¨ve Gi KvR :c„ôvi †fZ‡ii w`‡K wjL‡Z n‡j U¨ve Kx †P‡c wjL‡Z n‡e| wbw`©ó Ges mgvb `~i‡Z¡ †jLvi Ae¯’vb wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ U¨ve †mU Ki‡Z nq, hvnv‡Z U¨ve Kx Pvc‡j GKev‡iB wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b Kvm©‡ii Ae¯’vb cvIqv hvq| †hgb:-bvg t wVKvbv t †ckv tAvwei nvmvb `vkiv, gvwbKMÄ eëmvivwKe KvKivBj, XvKv PvKzix

U¨ve †mwUs-G KiYxq:-- †jLv/†U·U wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Horizontal Ruler-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b wK¬K K‡i L (U¨ve) wPý hy³ Ki‡Z

n‡e(D`vni‡Y 1.5 BwÂ eivei wjL‡Z- 1.5 BwÂ Ges 3.5 BwÂ eivei wjL‡Z 3.5 BwÂ eivei U¨ve †mU Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb:)

- wbw`©ó Kiv U¨ve Ab¨Î miv‡Z- L wPýwU Wv‡b-ev‡g Wª¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges U¨ve Zz‡j w`‡Z- i“jv‡i Aew¯’Z L U¨ve wPýwU Wª¨vM K‡i i“jv‡ii bx‡P bvwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

c¨vivMÖvd A_ev jvB‡bi gv‡Si dvuK evov‡bv-Kgv‡bv :-c¨vivMÖvd A_ev jvB‡bi gv‡S ¯^vfvweK dvuK _v‡K 1 c‡q›U| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i dvuK evov‡bv-Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡æv³ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq, †hgb:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv/†U·U wm‡j± K‡i Format > Paragraph KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- At e‡· wK¬K K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq dvuK UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e

(†hgb: †ò¸Y dvuK m„wó‡Z 1.5, wØ¸Y dvuK m„wó‡Z 2 Ges 1 c‡q‡›Ui Kg dvuK m„wó‡Z .88)


Formatting Text/ †U·U Gi MVb wba©viY : dig¨vU n‡”Q- MVb| †U·U Gi wewfbœ ai‡Yi MVb wba©viY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb, †jLv‡K wfbœZi I AvKl©Yxq Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b d‡›Ui MVb wba©viY| d‡›Ui MVb n‡”Q- AvKvi, is, d‡›Ui aiY ev UvBc BZ¨vw`| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e GKwU gvbm¤úbœ MVb †cÖvMÖv‡g wba©viY Kiv _v‡K (cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvnv cwieZ©b Kiv hvq)| †hgb:- IqvW© ïi“ K‡i †KvbwKQy wjL‡j Zvnv Bs‡iRx ‘Times New Roman’ d‡›U (†jLvi UvBc ev aiY) †jLv nq Ges †jLvi mvBR ev AvKvi wba©vwiZ _v‡K 10 c‡q›U| GLv‡b 10 c‡q›U n‡”Q 1 BwÂi 10 fv‡Mi 1 fvM| A_©vr 100 c‡q‡›Ui †U·U ev †jLvi D”PZv - 1BwÂ| wWdë †mwUs-G wjLvi ci, cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i †U·‡Ui MVb wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| Formatting Font/ d‡›Ui MVb wba©viY : d‡›Ui MVb wba©vi‡Y KiYxq:- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv/†U·U wm‡j± K‡i Format > Font KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- d‡›Ui aiY/UvBc wba©vi‡Y Font e· †_‡K d›U UvBc wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

(†hgb: Tahoma)- d›U/†jLv †gvUv, Wv‡b evuKv Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b Font Style e· †_‡K

cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBj wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: Bold- †gvUv, Italic- Wv‡b evuKv, Normal- ¯^vfvweK †jLvi Rb¨)

- d‡›Ui AvKvi wba©vi‡Y Font Size e· †_‡K d›U mvBR ev d‡›Ui AvKvi wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: 15, 20)

- †jLvi bx‡P `vM (AvÛvijvBb) w`‡q wjL‡Z Underline e· †_‡K cQ‡›ì AvÛvijvBbwU wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: Wave)

26

Hard & Soft Computers- †jLvi is wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ Color e· †_‡K d›U Kvjvi ev d‡›Ui is wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: Green)- †jLvq G‡d± w`‡Z Effect Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq G‡d±wU wba©viY Ki‡Z

n‡e (†hgb: Shadow)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Format Painter :†Kvb †jLvi dig¨vU ev MVb Ab¨ †jLvq Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z dig¨vU †cB›Uvi eëüZ nq| dig¨vU †cB›Uvi eënv‡i KiYxq:-

- †h †jLv/†U·U Gi MVb Ab¨Î Kvh©Ki Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv cÖ_‡g wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e

- Standard Toolbar-G Aew¯’Z dig¨vU †cB›Uvi Uzj-G wK¬K (gvDm c‡q›Uvi eªv‡ki iƒc aviY Ki‡e)

- †h †jLvq Kvw•LZ dig¨vUwU cÖ‡qvRb, †m †jLvq wK¬K A_ev gvDm Wª¨vM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Creating Column/ Kjvg ˆZix Kiv : †jLv‡K GKvwaK Kjv‡g Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ Kjvg ˆZix Ki‡Z nq| GKvwaK Kjv‡g wjL‡Z KiYxq :-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Column KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Kjvg msL¨v UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev Kjv‡gi aiY wba©vi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq

Kjvg evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e †hgb:

(cÖ‡qvR‡b Spacing e· †_‡K Kjvg¸‡jvi gv‡Si dvuK wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Setting Drop Cap/ c¨vivMÖv‡di cÖ_g A¶i Ab¨ †jLvi †P‡q AvKv‡i eo Ges Szjš— Ae¯’vq Dc¯’vcb Kiv :

- cÖ‡qvRbxq c¨vivMÖv‡di cÖ_g A¶i wm‡j± K‡i Format > Drop Cap KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

- cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBjwU wbe©vPb K‡i Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Alignment/ c„ôvq †jLvi Ae¯’vb wba©viY Kiv : †jLv‡K c„ôvi wewfbœ w`‡K (gvSLv‡b, ev‡g, Wv‡b BZ¨vw`) ivLvi Rb¨ Alignment wba©vi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb nq| mvaviYfv‡e †jLv c„ôvi ev‡g Ae¯’vb K‡i| ‡jLv gvSLv‡b ivLvi Rb¨-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Ctrl + E KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev dig¨vwUs Uzjev‡ii Centre Uzj-G wK¬K|

‡jLv ev‡g ivLvi Rb¨-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Ctrl + L KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev dig¨vwUs

Uzjev‡ii Align Left Uzj-G wK¬K|

‡jLv Wv‡b ivLvi Rb¨-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Ctrl + R KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev dig¨vwUs Uzjev‡ii

Align Right Uzj-G wK¬K|27


‡jLv‡K Dfqw`‡K mgvb ivL‡Z-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Ctrl + J KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev dig¨vwUs

Uzjev‡ii Justify Uzj-G wK¬K|

Change Case/ Bs‡iRx †jLvi Case cwieZ©b Kiv : †QvU ni‡d †jLv Bs‡iRx †jLv‡K eo ni‡d (Capital Letter) iƒcvš—i Ges eo ni‡d †jLv Bs‡iRx †jLv‡K †QvU ni‡d A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb †KBR-G (†hgb:- Title Case - k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i eo Ges Sentence case - ev‡Kï cÖ_g A¶i eo) iƒcvš—i Ki‡Z Change Case KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Change Case KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Sentence case A_ev lower case A_ev UPPER CASE A_ev Title

Case A_ev tOGLE cASE wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

c„„ôvq Header Ges Footer hy³ Kiv : WKz‡g‡›Ui cÖwZwU c„ôvq GKBai‡Yi welqe¯‘ cÖ`k©b I Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ Header and Footer hy³ Ki‡Z nq| †nWvi c„ôvi Dc‡ii gvwR©‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i Ges dzUvi c„ôvi bx‡Pi gvwR©‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| †nWvi Ges dzUvi hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- WKz‡g›U mPj †i‡L View > Header and Footer KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- †nWv‡ii welqe¯‘ UvBc K‡i (WvDb G¨v‡iv) Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e dzUv‡i

hvIqvi Rb¨- cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i dzUv‡ii welqe¯‘ UvBc K‡i Close KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z

n‡e|

Inserting Symbol/ cÖwZK ev wPý hy³ Kiv : - Insert > Symbol KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwZKwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (cQ‡›ì cÖwZKwU bv †c‡j

Font e· †_‡K Ab¨ d›U wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)- Enter (2 evi) A_ev Insert-G wK¬K, Close-G wK¬K|

Adding `Bullet & Number’/ c¨vivMÖv‡d ey‡jU A_ev msL¨v hy³ Kiv : c¨vivMÖv‡d ey‡jU A_ev b¤î hy³ K‡i c¨vivMÖvd‡K wfbœZifv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †mBm‡½ †Kvb wj÷ ev ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘y‡Zi RbÏ G KgvÛwU eënvi Kiv nq| †hgb:-

ey‡jU hy³ c¨vivMÖvd :- b¤î hy³ c¨vivMÖvd :- Bulleted Paragraph is needed to create exception to

the paragraphs. Bulleted Paragraph is needed to create exception to the paragraphs.

Bulleted Paragraph is needed to create exception to the paragraphs. Bulleted Paragraph is needed to create exception to the paragraphs.

1) Numbered Paragraph is needed to create a number within the paragraph. Numbered Paragraph is needed to create a number within the paragraph.

2) Numbered Paragraph is needed to create a number within the paragraph. Numbered Paragraph is needed to create a number within the paragraph.

ey‡jU hy³ Kiv (c¨vivMÖv‡di ïi“‡Z wewfbœ ai‡Yi wP‡ýi eënvi) :- cÖ‡qvRbxq c¨vivMÖvd/c¨vivMÖvd¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Bullets and

Numbering KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Bulleted U¨v‡e wK¬K (ey‡j‡Ui cÖ‡qvR‡b)- cÖ‡qvRbxq ey‡jU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

(ey‡jU hy³ c¨vivMÖvd †_‡K ey‡jU Zz‡j w`‡Z 1g I 2q KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM †k‡l None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)

28

Hard & Soft Computers- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

b¤î ev msL¨v hy³ Kiv (c¨vivMÖv‡di ïi“‡Z msL¨vi eënvi) :- cÖ‡qvRbxq c¨vivMÖvd/c¨vivMÖvd¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Bullets and

Numbering KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Numbered U¨v‡e wK¬K (b¤î ev msL¨vi cÖ‡qvR‡b)- cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨v ÷vBjwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

(msL¨v hy³ c¨vivMÖvd †_‡K msL¨v Zz‡j w`‡Z 1g I 2q KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM †k‡l None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Creating Envelope/ wPwVi Lvg ˆZix Kiv : - Tools > Envelope and Labels KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Envelopes U¨v‡e wK¬K (Bb‡fj‡ci cÖ‡qvR‡b)- cÖvc‡Ki bvg-wVKvbv UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e, U¨ve Kx †P‡c †cÖi‡Ki bvg-

wVKvbv UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e- LvgwU WKz‡g‡›U hy³ Ki‡Z Add to Document evU‡b wK¬K (AvMZ

evZ©vq No KgvÛ w`‡Z n‡e)|

Creating Labels/ †j‡ej ˆZix Kiv : GKB welqe¯‘ A‡bK msL¨vq Dc¯’vcb I wcÖ‡›Ui Rb¨ †j‡ej ˆZixi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †mRb¨-

- Tools > Envelope and Labels KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Labels U¨v‡e wK¬K (†j‡ej Gi cÖ‡qvR‡b)- †j‡e‡ji welqe¯— UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e- New Document evU‡b wK¬K (cÖ‡qvR‡b msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e)|

29

Auto Correct/ ¯^qswµqfv‡e ï× Kivi eë¯’v tfyj K‡i †Kvb kã wjL‡j kãwU ¯^qswµqfv‡e ï× K‡i wjLvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z ‘Auto Correct’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|fyj K‡i wjLvi ci †¯úmevi Pvc‡jB hv‡Z Zv ¯^qswµqfv‡e ï× nq †mRb¨ wb‡æi KvR mgvav Ki‡Z n‡e :-

- Tools > Auto Correct KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- †h kã fyj K‡i wjLvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K (†hgb:- Dacca) Zv Replace e‡· wjL‡Z n‡e - U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, †h kãwU ï× wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvRb (†hgb:- Dhaka) Zv

With e‡· wjL‡Z n‡e - Add-G wK¬K, Ok-G wK¬K|

Border and Shading/ eW©vi I †kwWs (Qvqv) hy³ Kiv : WKz‡g›U‡K my›ì I AvKl©Yxq K‡i Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ eW©vi Ges †kwWs GKwU D‡jL‡hvM¨ welq| †jLvq eW©vi w`‡q Z_¨‡K my›ì GKwU eW©vihy³ c„ôvq Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| `y'‡Uv †¶‡Î eW©vi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †hgb:-

(1) Border for text/ †jLvq eW©vi : †jLvi Pvicv‡k eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Border and Shading KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Style e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq eW©v‡ii aiY wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Color e· †_‡K eW©v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq is wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Apply To e· †_‡K ‡U·U-Gi Pvicv‡k eW©vi w`‡Z- Text A_ev c¨vivMÖv‡di

Pvicv‡k eW©vi w`‡Z- Paragraph wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

(2) Border for page/ c„ôvq eW©vi : c„ôvi Pvicv‡k eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq c„ôvq Ae¯’vb †i‡L Format > Border and Shading KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Page Border U¨v‡e wK¬K- Style e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq eW©v‡ii aiY wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Color e· †_‡K eW©v‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq is wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev Art e·

†_‡K cQ‡›ì AvU© (eW©vi ÷vBj) wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- WKz‡g‡›Ui cÖ‡Z¨K c„ôvq eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z- Apply To e· †_‡K Whole

Document A_ev ïaygvÎ cÖ_g c„ôvq eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z First Page Only A_ev Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôvq eW©vi w`‡Z This Section wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e


Shading/ †jLvi e¨vKMÖvDÛ (†jLvi †cQ‡bi Ask) wba©viY : mvaviYfv‡e c„ôvi is _v‡K mv`v| ZvB Kv‡jv Kvwj‡Z mv`v c„ôvq wjLv nq| cÖ‡qvR‡b Ab¨ is eënv‡i †jLvi †cQ‡bi e¨KMÖvDÛ‡K mw¾Z Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î †jLvwU wfbœ Avw½‡K cÖ`wk©Z nq| †jLvq †kwWs ev is wba©vi‡Y KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †jLv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Border and Shading KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Shading U¨v‡e wK¬K- Fill Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq is wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- ïaygvÎ wm‡j‡±W †U·U-Gi †cQ‡bi is wba©vi‡Y- Apply To e· †_‡K Text

A_ev m¤ú~Y© c¨vivMÖv‡di †cQ‡bi is wba©vi‡Y- Apply To e· †_‡K Paragraph wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e


Removing ‘Border/Shading/ eW©vi A_ev †kwWs gy‡Q †djv : - cÖ‡qvRbxq †U·U A_ev c„ôv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Border and Shading KgvÛ

cÖ‡qvM

- cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx Border A_ev Page Border A_ev Shading U¨v‡e wK¬K- None A_ev No Fill wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Uzjevi mPj Kiv A_ev eÜ Kiv :- View > Toolbars KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- cÖ‡qvRbxq Toolbar-G wK¬K (Uzjevi eÜ _vK‡j mPj n‡e Ges mPj _vK‡j eÜ

n‡e)|

WªBs Uy‡ji eënvi tWKz‡g‡›U wewfbœ ai‡Yi AsK‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| Iqv‡W© AsK‡bi Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnv‡hï Rb¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ Uzj/evUb| GmKj Uzj eënv‡i Lye mn‡RB AsK‡bi KvR mgvav Kiv hvq| WªBs Uzj m¤^wjZ ÔWªBs UzjeviÕ wbæiƒc t

wb‡æ WªBs‡qi Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix wewfbœ Uzj Gi bvg I Kvh©KvixZv D‡j L Kiv nj t- Wª †gby t GLv‡b wewfbœ Ackb cvIqv hvq, hv eënv‡i Ae‡R±‡K (Qwe/WªBs AvKv‡i cÖ`wk©Z welq‡K mvaviY bv‡g ejv nq Ae‡R±) Ab¨ Ae‡R±wUi mvg‡b/†cQ‡b Avbv-†bqvmn Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R eëüZ nq| Select Objects t GKvwaK Ae‡R±‡K GKBmv‡_ wm‡j± Ki‡Z G UzjwU eëüZ nq| Rotate t GB UzjwUi mvnv‡h¨ Ae‡R±‡K Zvi †K›`ª wVK †i‡L †Nviv‡bv hvq| AutoShape t GLv‡b wK¬K K‡i mn‡RB wewfbœ Shape eënv‡i bvbvb ai‡Yi AsKb Kiv hvq|

Line t GB Uzj eënv‡i jvBb/`vM ˆZix Kiv hvq| Arrow t Zxi wPwýZ jvBb AsK‡bi Rb¨ GwU eënvi Ki‡Z nq|

Rectangle t PZzf©~R AsK‡bi Rb¨ G UzjwU cÖ‡qvRb nq| Oval t mv‡K©j ev e„Ë AsK‡b G Uzj eëüZ nq|

Text Box t e‡·i g‡a¨ wjL‡Z n‡j †U·Ue· AsKb Ki‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î G UzjwU cÖ‡qvRb|

Insert WordArt t wewfbœ ÷vB‡j (AvU© K‡i) Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GB UzjwU cÖ‡qvRb nq|

Fill Color t Ae‡R± (†hgb: PZzf©yR, mv‡K©j, †U·Ue·) Gi †fZ‡ii is wba©vi‡Y Ges evwZj Ki‡Z G Uzj cÖ‡qvRb| †m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i is wba©viY Ki‡Z nq Ges †Kvb is bv PvB‡j No Fill wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Line Color t Ae‡R± (†hgb: PZzf©yR, mv‡K©j, †U·Ue·) Gi evB‡ii ev eW©v‡ii is wba©viY A_ev evwZj Ki‡Z G Uzj cÖ‡qvRb| †m‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i is wba©viY Ki‡Z nq Ges eW©vi bv PvB‡j No Line wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e| Font Color t †jLv wm‡j± K‡i G Uzj †_‡K †jLvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq is wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|

Line Style t jvBb †Kgb n‡e (†gvUv/wPKb/wm‡½j/Wvej) Zv GLvb †_‡K wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| Dash Style t Ae‡R‡±i jvBb/eW©vi †Kvb ai‡Yi W¨vk w`‡q MwVZ n‡e Zv GLvb †_‡K wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|

Arrow Style t jvB‡b G¨v‡iv ev Zxi wPý hy³ Ki‡Z G Uzj eëüZ nq| Shadow t Ae‡R±-G k¨v‡Wv ev Qvqv hy³ Ki‡Z Ges Qvqv evwZj Ki‡Z G UzjwU eëüZ nq| 3-D Shadow t Ae‡R±-G 3-wW (w_ª WvB‡gbkb) k¨v‡Wv hy³ Ki‡Z Ges Zv evwZj Ki‡Z G UzjwU eëüZ nq|

wb‡æ K‡qKwU Ae‡R±‡K mvaviY Qvqvhy³ Ges 3-wW Qvqvhy³ Ae¯’vq †`Lv‡bv nj t-mvaviY Qvqvhy³ Ae‡R± t 3-wW Qvqvhy³ Ae‡R± t

Formating Autoshape/ A‡Uv‡k‡ci MVY wba©viY tIqv‡W© WKz‡g›U ˆZixi mgq wewfbœ WªBs-A‡Uv‡kc hy³ Kiv nq| Ges †mKj WªBs-A‡Uv‡k‡ci MVb wba©vi‡Y wKQy KvR Ki‡Z nq| †hgb:- mvBR ev AvKvi wba©viY, †fZ‡ii I evwn‡ii is wba©viY, i¨vwcs (‡jLvi m‡½ WªBs-A‡Uv‡k‡ci mgš^q mvab) BZ¨vw`| †mRb¨-

- †h WªBs ev A‡Uv‡kc-Gi MVb wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi eW©v‡i Wvej wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e (Format AutoShape WvqvjM e· Avm‡e)

- Color and Lines Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i Fill Color, Line Color wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

- Size Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i mvBR ev AvKvi (‰`N¨© I cÖ‡¯’i) wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

- Ok-G wK¬K|

Inserting Picture and Clipart/ WKz‡g‡›U wcKPvi (K¨v‡givq aviYK…Z Qwe) Ges wK¬cAvU© (Aw¼Z Qwe) mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv t-

- Insert > Picture > Clip Art KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- cÖ‡qvRbxq QwewU wbe©vPb K‡i Insert KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev

ivBU wK¬K K‡i Insert-G wK¬K|

Wrapping/ Ae‡R± Ges †jLvi mgš^q mvab (†jLv Ges Ae‡R± Gi cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb wba©viY) t-

†h Ae‡R±‡K †jLvi m‡½ mgš^q mvab cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi eW©v‡i Right Click Ki‡Z n‡e

- kU©KvU †gby †_‡K Format AckbwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Dcw¯’Z WvqvjM e‡·i Wrapping A_ev Layout U¨v‡e wK¬K- cÖ‡qvRbxq Wrapping Style wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e †hgb:-


Ordering of Object/ Ae‡R± Gi Ae¯’vb wba©viY t-WªBs-Ae‡R± Gi Ae¯’vb (mvg‡b-‡cQ‡b, †jLvi bx‡P) wba©viY Ki‡Z AW©vwis c×wZ Aej¤^b Ki‡Z nq| †hgb:-

Ae‡R±‡K Ab¨ Ae‡R± Gi mvg‡b Avbvt- - †h Ae‡R±‡K mvg‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Draw > Order > Bring to Front KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Ae‡R±‡K Ab¨ Ae‡R± Gi †cQ‡b ivLv t- - †h Ae‡R±‡K †cQ‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Draw > Order > Send to Back KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Ae‡R±‡K ‡U·‡Ui †cQ‡b ivLv t- - †h Ae‡R±‡K †U·‡Ui †cQ‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Draw > Order > Send Behind Text KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Ae‡R±‡K ‡U·‡Ui mvg‡b ivLv t- - †h Ae‡R±‡K †U·‡Ui mvg‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Draw > Order > Bring in Front of Text KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Grouping Objects or Clipart/ GKvwaK Ae‡R± A_ev wK¬cAvU©‡K `jfy³ ev GKwÎZ Kiv t-

- Select Objects Uzj Gi mvnv‡h¨ GKvwaK Ae‡R± A_ev wK¬cAvU©‡K wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e

- Draw > Group KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

Ungrouping Objects or Clipart/ `jfy³ ev GKwÎZ Ae‡R± A_ev wK¬cAvU©‡K `jgy³ ev Avjv`v Kivt-

- `jfy³ Ae‡R± A_ev wK¬cAvU©‡K wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Draw > Ungroup KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

Page Numbering/ c„ôvq b¤î hy³ Kiv t- mvaviYfv‡e c„ôvq b¤î hy³ Kiv _v‡K bv| WKz‡g‡›U KZ¸‡jv c„ôv Av‡Q Ges †Kvb c„ôvq Ae¯’vb Zv ÷¨vUvm evi-G ZvwK‡q †`L‡Z nq Ges c„ôvq b¤î Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ c„ôvq b¤î hy³ Ki‡Z nq| c„ôvq b¤î hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq:-

- WKz‡g›U mPj †i‡L Insert > Page Number KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Position e· †_‡K c„ôvq b¤^‡ii Ae¯’vb (Dc‡i/bx‡P) wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Alignment e· †_‡K c„ôv b¤î †Kvb w`‡K _vK‡e (ev‡g/Wv‡b/gv‡S/c„ôvi

†fZ‡ii w`‡K/c„ôv‡i evB‡ii w`‡K) Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|(evsjvq c„ôv b¤^‡ii Rb¨- gvwR©‡b Aew¯’Z c„ôv b¤^‡i Wvej wK¬K, c„ôv b¤î wm‡j± K‡i SutonnyMJ d›U wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Close KgvÛ w`‡Z n‡e)|

Creating Table/ ‡Uwej ev QK ˆZix Kiv t- ‡Uwej ev QK ˆZixi †¶‡Î †Uwej ev QK m¤^‡Ü fvj aviYv _vK‡j eyS‡Z myweav nq- KqwU Kjvg-‡iv wb‡q †UwejwU ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| wb‡æ GKwU †Uwej ev Q‡Ki bg~bv †`qv n‡jv:-

Column :

Rows : Cell :

** cÖ`wk©Z †Uwej ev QKwU‡Z 3wU Kjvg, 3wU †iv ev mvwi (3 x 3 = 9wU †mj ev Ni) Av‡Q|

- †Uwej ˆZixi Rb¨- cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b Kvm©i †i‡L Table > Insert Table KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Number of Column e‡· Kjvg msL¨v UvBc A_ev wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Number of Row e‡· †iv msL¨v UvBc A_ev wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, Ok KgvÛ

cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|Adding a Column into a Table/ ‡Uwe‡j Kjvg hy³ Kiv t-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡bi Kjvg (¸‡jv) wm‡j± K‡i Table > Insert Column KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

Adding Row into a Table/ ‡Uwe‡j †iv hy³ Kiv t- - cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡bi †iv (¸‡jv) wm‡j± K‡i Table > Insert Row KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

A_ev- GKvwaK †iv ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z- †Uwe‡ji bx‡P Kvm©i †i‡L Table > Insert Row KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- †iv msL¨v UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e, Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Merge Cells/ GKvwaK †mj‡K GKwU †mj-G iƒcvš—i Kiv t- ‘Merge Cells’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e©i †Uwej t ‘Merge Cells’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡i †UwejwU wb¤îƒct

1 2 3 4 1 2 3

‡mj¸‡jv gvR© Ki‡Z KiYxq:- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Table > Merge Cells KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM|

Splitting Cells/ †mj/†mj¸‡jv‡K AwaK †mj-G iƒcvš—i Kiv t- ‘Split Cells’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c~‡e© t ‘Split Cells’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡Mi c‡i t1 2 1 2 3 4

†mj w¯ú U ev fvM Ki‡Z KiYxq:- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj/†mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Table > Split Cells KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- KqwU Kjvg n‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- U¨ve Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxq †iv msL¨v wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Using AutoFormat into a table/ †Uwe‡j A‡Uvdig¨vU Gi eënvi t-

IqvW© †cÖvMÖv‡g †Uwej‡K dig¨vU Kivi Rb¨ †ekwKQy dig¨vU ev MVb †`qv _v‡K hv‡K ejv nq A‡Uvdig¨vU| A‡Uvdig¨vU eënv‡i Lye mn‡RB †Uwej‡K dig¨vU Kiv hvq| A‡Uvdig¨vU Ki‡Z KiYxq:-- †h †Uwe‡j A‡Uvdig¨vU Kvh©Ki Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± K‡i Table >

Table AutoFormat KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Formats e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBjwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†Kvb dig¨vU

bv PvB‡j- None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|Selecting Width of Column/ Kjv‡gi cÖm¯—Zv (cvk) wba©viY t- - cÖ‡qvRbxq Kjvg(¸‡jv) wm‡j± K‡i Table > Cell Height and Width A_ev Table

Properties KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Column U¨v‡e wK¬K- Prefered Width ‡PK e‡· wK¬K K‡i Kjv‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gvc wba©viY

Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: 1 BwÂ)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|Selecting Height of Row/ †iv Gi D”PZv wba©viY t- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †iv(¸‡jv) wm‡j± K‡i Table > Cell Height and Width A_ev Table

Properties KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Row U¨v‡e wK¬K, At e‡· A_ev Specify Height e‡· cÖ‡qvRbxq D”PZv

wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb: 20 c‡q›U)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|Using Print Preview/ wcÖ›U wcÖwfD Gi eënvi t- KvM‡R wcÖ›U Ki‡j ev Qvcv‡j WKz‡g›UwU †Kgb n‡e Zv †evSvi Rb¨ wcÖ›U wcÖwfD KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨-- WKz‡g›U mPj †i‡L Ctrl + F2 A_ev File > Print Preview KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

(Print Preview eÜ Ki‡Z- Close KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e)Print Option/ wcÖ‡›Ui wewfbœ Ackb t- WKz‡g›U KvM‡R Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq wcÖ›Uv‡ii| wcÖ›Uv‡i WKz‡g›U Qvcv‡bvi mgq cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wewfbœ Ackb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| wb‡æ wcÖ›Uvi WvqvjM e‡·i wPÎmn wewfbœ Ackb Gi eY©bv †`qv n‡jv t-

Printing Document/ WKz‡g›U KvM‡R Qvcv‡bv t- - WKz‡g›U mPj †i‡L (hv wcÖ›U Kiv cÖ‡qvRb) File > Print KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

Ki‡Z n‡e- Page Range Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Ackb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-

WKz‡g‡›Ui mKj c„ôv Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ All, Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôvwU

Name e· :G e‡· wcÖ›Uv‡ii wj÷ _v‡K| GLvb †_‡K Kvw•LZ wcÖ›UviwU wba©viY Ki‡Z nq|Page Range :GLvb †_‡K WKz‡g‡›Ui †Kvb c„ôv ev KZUzKz Ask wcÖ›U n‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| All wbe©vPb K‡i m¤ú~Y© WKz‡g›UwU, Curent wbe©vPb K‡i Kvm©i Aew¯’Z c„ôv wcÖ›U Kiv nq Ges Pages wbe©vPb K‡i wbw`©ó c„óv/ c„ôv¸‡jv wcÖ›U Ki‡Z nq| †hgb:- 1g I 3q c„ôv

Property evUb :G evU‡b wK¬K K‡i wcÖw›Us‡qi Rb¨ AwaK myweav (†hgb:- wdwbwks)

Number of Copy e·:cÖwZwU c„ôvi KqwU n‡e Zv GLvb †_‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e cÖwZ c„ôvi 1wU K‡i Kwc Qvcv nq|

Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨ Curent Page AckbwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e A_ev Pages e‡· wbw`©ó c„óv bv¤^vi wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e wbw`©ó c„ôv/c„ôv¸‡jv Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨)

- Number of Copies Ask †_‡K KZ¸‡jv msL¨vq Qvcv n‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- wcÖ›Uv‡i KvMR cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q wcÖ›UviwU mPj Ki‡Z n‡e |

Microsoft Excel ev MS-Excel ev Excel : gvB‡µvmd&U K‡c©v‡ik‡bi ˆZix ÔG‡·jÕ n‡”Q GKwU †¯cÖWkxU †cÖvMÖvg ev md&UIq¨vi| ‘Excel’ Gi AvwfavwbK A_© n‡”Q- †miv| A_©vr wnmve-wbKv‡ki †¶‡Î G‡·j‡K Ô†miv †cÖvMÖvgÕ wn‡m‡e `vex Kiv n‡q‡Q| mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B Bnv GKwU DrK…ó †¯cÖWkxU †cÖvMÖvg| Spread gv‡b Qov‡bv Ges Sheet gv‡b cvZv| g~jZt G‡·j Bnvi mvaviY †mwUs Abyhvqx wekvj wekvj 3wU kxU (Sheet1; Sheet2; Sheet3) ev cvZv wb‡q eënviKvixi mvg‡b nvwRi nq| cÖwZwU kx‡U i‡q‡Q wewfbœ Kjvg I †iv Ges Kjvg I †ivÕi mgš^‡q MwVZ †mj ev Ni| GmKj kx‡U wecyj cwigv‡Yi wnmve-wbKvk mgvav Kiv hvq| me ai‡Yi wnmve-wbKvk I MÖvdmn eëmvwqK wi‡cvU© ˆZix‡Z ÔG‡·jÕ GKwU Abb¨ †cÖvMÖvg| cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i wewfbœ m~Î eënvi K‡i Lye mn‡RB eo eo MvwYwZK wnmve mgvav Ki‡Z G‡·j Gi Zzjbv †bB|

Start †_‡K Program Ges †cÖvMÖvg Ackb †_‡K ‘MS-Excel’ wbe©vPb Ki‡j wb‡æi G‡·j ¯ŒxYwU cvIqv hvq:-

wfD cwieZ©b Kiv :-IqvK©eyK‡K `y'‡Uv c×wZ‡Z Ae‡jvKb Kiv hvq:- Normal Ges Page Break Preview

Normal / mvaviYfv‡e Ae‡jvKb (IqvK©kx‡U Kv‡Ri mgq GB AckbwU cÖ‡qvRb nq) :-- V iew > Normal KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Page Break Preview/ weiwZmn c„ôv Ae‡jvKb Kiv (c„ôv †Kv_vq †kl Zv eyS‡Z G AckbwU cÖ‡qvRb) :-- V iew > Page Break Preview KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Clearing Cell/Cells ( ‡mj/†mj¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Kiv) :- †mj/†mj¸‡jv‡Z Z_¨ Aš—f~©³ Kiv nq Ges Zv wewfbœ ai‡Yi dig¨vU ev MV‡b iƒcvš—i Kiv nq| hvid‡j, Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b †mj/†mj¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb

Formula Bar :†mj-G Aew¯’Z dg~©jv (dg~©jv bv _vK‡j †m‡ji welqe¯‘) †`L‡Z Ges Zv cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ G eviwU cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡ji dg©~jv A_ev welqe¯‘ cwieZ©‡bi Column Bar :Kjvg †nwWs ev wk‡ivYvg GLv‡b †jLv _v‡K| GLvb †_‡K Kjv‡gi bvg Rvbv hvq| †mBm‡½ Kjvg bv‡g wK¬K/Wª¨vM K‡i m¤ú~Y© Kjvg Status Bar :

÷¨vUvm ev‡i _v‡K †cÖvMÖv‡gi Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© Z_¨| †hgb:- GLv‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q- Ready hv †`‡L †evSv hv‡”Q- †cÖvMÖvg cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ˆZix Av‡Q| kx‡U m¤úv`bvi mgq

Name Box :GLv‡b mPj ev G¨vw±f †m‡ji (†h †mj-G Ae¯’vb i‡q‡Q) bvg †`Lv hvq †hgb:- A1| †mBm‡½ †Kvb wbw`©ó †m‡j hvIqvi Rb¨ G e‡· Kvw•LZ ‡mj-Gi bvg UvBc K‡i Enter Kx Cell Pointer :‡mj c‡q›Uvi Gi gva¨‡g ‡evSv hvq- †Kvb †mj-G Ae¯’vb

Row Bar :†iv Gi †nwWs ev wk‡ivYvg GLv‡b †jLv _v‡K, hv †`‡L †iv Gi bvg Rvbv hvq| G‡·j-G †iv Av‡Q

Sheet Bar :GLvb †_‡K †evSv hvq- †Kvb kx‡U Ae¯’vb Av‡Q| †mBm‡½ Ab¨ kx‡U Ae¯’vb wb‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq kx‡U

Cell :Kjvg I †iv Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ Ni n‡”Q †mj| †mj-G Z_¨ ivLv nq|

nq| †hgb:- †m‡ji welqe¯‘ gy‡Q †djv, dig¨vU ev MVb gy‡Q †djv, †m‡ji mKjwKQy gy‡Q †djv BZ¨vw`|

‡mj/†mj¸‡jv cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z KiYxq :-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj/†mj¸‡jv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Edit > Clear > †m‡ji mewKQy cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z- ‘All’ KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM A_ev

ïaygvÎ †m‡ji dig¨vU ev MVb cwi¯‹vi Ki‡Z- ‘Formats’ Ges ïaygvÎ †m‡ji welqe¯‘ gyQ‡Z- ‘Contents’ Ackb wbav©iY Ki‡Z n‡e|

Deleting Row/Rows ( ‡iv/†iv¸‡jv gy‡Q †djv ) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †iv/†iv¸‡jv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e,- Edit > Delete KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

(Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Entire Row AckbwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e)

Deleting Column/Columns ( Kjvg/Kjvg¸‡jv gy‡Q †djv ) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq Kjvg/Kjvg¸‡jv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Edit > Delete KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

(Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z) Entire Column AckbwU wbe©vPb K‡i Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Inserting Sheet ( IqvK©ey‡K kxU mshy³ Kiv) :- mvaviY †mwUs Abyhvqx G‡·j-G 3wU kxU _v‡K| AwaK kx‡Ui cÖ‡qvR‡b kxU mshy³ Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq IqvK©eyK mPj †i‡L Insert > Worksheet KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Deleting Sheet ( kxU gy‡Q †djv ) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq kx‡Ui bv‡g (Sheet1; Sheet2; Sheet3) wK¬K K‡i Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z

n‡e- Edit > Delete Sheet KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Naming Sheet ( kx‡Ui bvgKiY Kiv) :- ¯^vfvweKfv‡e kx‡Ui bvg _v‡K Sheet1; Sheet2 BZ¨vw`| cÖ‡qvR‡b kx‡Ui bvg wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| †mRb¨:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq kxU-G Wvej wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e- kx‡Ui bvg UvBc K‡i Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

Adding ‘Header and Footer’ ( †nWvi dzUvi hy³ Kiv ) :- (IqvK©ey‡Ki cÖwZwU c„ôvi Dc‡ii Ges bx‡Pi gvwR©‡bi g‡a¨ GKB ai‡Yi welqe¯‘ Qvcv‡bvi Rb¨) †nWvi Ges dzUvi hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq :-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq IqvK©eyK mPj †i‡L View > Header and Footer- Custom Header KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

- †nWv‡ii welqe¯‘ UvBc K‡i Ok Ki‡Z n‡e- Custom Footer KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- dzUv‡ii welqe¯‘ UvBc K‡i Ok (2 evi)| (wcÖ›U wcÖwfD KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M

†nWvi dzUvi †`Lv hv‡e)|

Adding Row ( ‡iv hy³ Kiv ) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡bi †iv (¸‡jv) wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Insert > Row

Adding Column ( Kjvg hy³ Kiv ) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡bi Kjvg (¸‡jv) wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Insert > Column

Inserting Chart ( PvU©/MÖvd hy³ Kiv ) :- Z_¨‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kivi bvg MÖvd/PvU©| †jLv/wi‡cvU©‡K ¯úó I AvKl©Yxq Ki‡Z †jLvi cvkvcvwk PvU© hy³ Kiv hvq| †hgb:-

Books : 1990 1991 1992 1993Fiction 300 320 360 402Story 370 400 430 470Poem 223 240 280 301

PvU© ms‡hvR‡b KiYxq :-- †h Z‡_ï Dci wfwË K‡i PvU© ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e- Insert > Chart- Pv‡U©i UvBc ev aiY wba©vib K‡i Next (2 evi) KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- Chart Title e‡· Pv‡U©i kx‡ivbvg UvBc K‡i Next KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- Finish KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Using Thousand Separator and Decimal ( nvRv‡ii c‡i Ô,Õ Ges Ô.Õ Gi eënvi) :-mvaviYfv‡e nvRv‡ii c‡i Ô,Õ Ges `kwgK eënv‡i msL¨v wjL‡j Zv mn‡R †evSv hvq| †hgb:- 10,000.00 nvRv‡ii c‡i Ô,Õ Ges Ô.Õ `kwgK wba©viY Kiv :-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Cells KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Number U¨v‡e wK¬K, Number wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Decimal Places e‡· 2 wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (`kwgK Gi ci `yBwU 0 eënv‡ii

Rb¨| †hgb:- 10.00)- Use Thousand Separator (,) †PKe‡· wK¬K K‡i wUK wPý hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Adding Border into cells ( †mj/†mj¸‡jv‡Z eW©vi ev jvBb hy³ Kiv) :- ¯^vfvweKfv‡e G‡·j Gi †mj¸‡jv‡Z eW©vi ev jvBb _v‡K bv| ïaygvÎ Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© MÖxW jvBb †`Lv hvq| †mj/†mj¸‡jv‡Z eW©vi ev jvBb hy³ Ki‡Z KiYxq :-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Cells KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Border U¨v‡e wK¬K- Outline wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (ïaygvÎ †m‡ji Pvicv‡k eW©vi ivL‡Z)- Inside wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†m‡ji Pvicv‡k Ges †fZ‡i eW©vi ivL‡Z)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1 2 3 4

(eW©vi ev jvBb bv ivL‡Z- None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Formatting Fonts/Texts ( †U·U ev †jLvi aiY wba©viY Kiv) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Cells KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Fonts U¨v‡e wK¬K, Font e· †_‡K cQ‡›ì d›U ev †dBmwU wba©viY Ki‡Z

n‡e- Font Style e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-Bold; Italic

BZ¨vw`)- Size e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq d›U mvBR wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Underline e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq AvÛvijvBb ÷vBj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e, Ok

KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Selecting Height of row ( †iv-i D”PZv wba©viY Kiv) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq †iv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Row > Height KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Height ev D”PZvi cwigvY wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e (¯^vfvweK fv‡e nvBU ev

D”PZv _v‡K 12.75 c‡q›U)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Selecting width of column ( Kjvg Gi cÖm¯—Zv wba©viY Kiv) :- - cÖ‡qvRbxq Kjvg wm‡j± K‡i Format > Column > Width KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Width ev cÖm¯—Zv wj‡L w`‡Z n‡e (¯^vfvweK fv‡e cÖm¯—Zv _v‡K

8.43 c‡q›U), Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Using Formula ( m~‡Îi eënvi) :- m~Î cÖ‡qv‡M mn‡RB MvwYwZK wnmve mgvav Kiv hvq| m~Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨- =SUM eënvi Ki‡Z nq, †mBm‡½ eÜbxi g‡a¨ D‡jL Ki‡Z nq- †Kvb †m‡ji m‡½ †Kvb †m‡ji wnmve msNwUZ n‡e| †hgb:- =SUM(A1 + B1) m~‡Îi gva¨‡g †evSv‡bv nq- A1 †mj Gi m‡½ B1 †m‡ji †hvM wbY©q|

m~Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î wewfbœ Acv‡iUi ev wP‡ýi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wb‡æ Acv‡iUi¸‡jv †`qv n‡jv:-‡hvM wPý - + we‡qvM wPý - -¸Yb Ó - * fvM Ó - /kZKiv Ó - %

GKwU †m‡ji m‡½ Ab¨ GKwU †m‡ji †hvM wbY©q:- †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname + cellname)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

GKwU †i‡Äi (ch©vqµ‡g Aew¯’Z) †hvM wbY©q : (†hgb: A1 †_‡K A10 ch©š—)- †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname : cellname)

(A1 ‡_‡K A10 ch©š— †hvM wbY©‡q †mj‡bg wn‡m‡e A1 Ges A10 wjL‡Z n‡e)

- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

we‡qvM wbY©q : - †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname - cellname)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

†mj-G fvM wbY©q : (†hgb: A1 †_‡K B1)- †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname / cellname)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

†mj-G ¸Yb wbY©q : (†hgb: A1 Gi m‡½ C1)- †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname * cellname)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

kZKiv wbY©q : (†hgb: 100 Gi 10%)- †hLv‡b djvdj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- †mj c‡q›Uvi †mLv‡b ivL‡Z n‡e- UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e =SUM(cellname * 10%)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e|

What is ‘MS-Access/ Gg Gm GK‡mm wK? MS-ACCESS ev Microsoft Access ev Access n‡”Q GKwU WvUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U †cÖvMÖvg ev md&UIq¨vi| wew¶ß WvUvmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z Ges Zv wewfbœ Avw½‡K (dig, †Kv‡qix, wi‡cvU© AvKv‡i) Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GK‡mm eëüZ nq| GK‡mm-G ˆZixK…Z GKwU WvUv‡eR dvB‡ji bgybv wb‡æ †`qv n‡jvt-

Field

Record

Voter No Name Date of Birth Address Occupation Income101 Md. Biplab Hossain 1/3/78 Manikganj Service 5000102 Md. Monowar Hossain 8/28/79 Comilla Business 7000103 Helal Uddin 10/12/65 Manikganj Teacher 5500104 Md. Humayun Rashid 3/1/78 Dhaka Service 4300105 Md. Nazmul Huda 12/13/87 Comilla Business 5600106 Sheelendu Biswas 4/30/66 Rajshahi Service 3900107 Mohammed Mofajjel Hossain 3/23/79 Jessore Business 6800108 Mohammed Ali 4/7/87 Jessore Teacher 7600109 Nitai Chandra Das 7/8/88 Khulna Service 6900110 Shushanta Kumar Mondal 7/8/67 Manikganj Business 7000

Creating Database File with MS-Access Program / Gg.Gm-GK‡mm-G WvUv‡eR dvBj ˆZix Kivt-GK‡mm& Gi mvnv‡h¨ wew¶ß WvUvmg~n‡K myk„•Ljfv‡e msi¶Y Ki‡Z WvUv‡eR dvBj (†hgb:- Personal Database; Voter List; Telephone Directory; Library Catalog) ˆZix Kiv nq| WvUv‡eR dvB‡ji Aax‡b _v‡K GK ev GKvwaK †Uwej| G †Uwe‡j msiw¶Z Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z Ô†Kv‡qixÕ I Ôdg© dvBjÕ bv‡g wfbœ wfbœ KvVv‡gvq Z_¨¸‡jv Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq|

GK‡mm-G bZzb WvUv‡eR dvBj ˆZix Ki‡Z KiYxq :- - Start > Program > Access KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e (wb‡æ GK‡mm ÷vU©-

Avc ¯ŒxYwU cvIqv hv‡e)

- ÷vU© Avc WvqvjM e· †_‡K Blank Database AckbwU wbe©vPb K‡i- Ok A_ev Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e- WvUv‡e‡Ri Rb¨ Dchy³ bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Personal)- †h WªvBf I †dvìv‡i WvUv‡eRwU ivLv n‡e Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e - Open-G wK¬K, Create-G wK¬K

wbæiƒc WvUv‡eR DB‡ÛvwU mvg‡b cvIqv hv‡e| †hgb:-

Creating Datatable for storing data / WvUv msi¶‡Y WvUv‡Uwej ˆZix Kiv t- GK‡mm-G WvUv‡eR Gi Aax‡b Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ WvUv‡Uwej ˆZix Ki‡Z nq| †hgb:-

WvUv‡Uwej ˆZix‡Z KiYxq:-- WvUv‡eR mPj ivL‡Z n‡e (†h WvUv‡eRwU‡Z †Uwej ˆZix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb)- Table U¨v‡e wK¬K, New-G wK¬K- Design Ackb wbe©vPb K‡i Ok-G wK¬K (wb‡æi †Uwej-1 DB‡ÛvwU

mvg‡b Avm‡e)

- Filed Name-G wd‡ìi bvg (†hgb:- Name) UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e- U¨ve Kx †P‡c Data Type ‡_‡K Z‡_ï aiY wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

(GLv‡b D‡jL¨ †h, A¶ievPK Z‡_ï Rb¨- Text, msL¨vevPK Z‡_ï Rb¨-Number hyw³gvwdK Z‡_ï Rb¨-Yes/No, ¯^qswµqfv‡e bv¤^v‡ii Rb¨- AutoNumber wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq)

- 2 evi U¨ve Kx †P‡c cybivq cÖ‡qvRbxq wd‡ìi bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Occupation)

- WvUv UvBc-G WvUvi aiY wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Text)- 2 evi U¨ve Kx †P‡c cybivq cÖ‡qvRbxq wd‡ìi bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e

(†hgb:- Salary)- WvUv UvBc-G WvUvi aiY wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Number)- WvUv‡UwejwU eÜ Ki‡Z Close KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e, Save Ki‡Z Yes

KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- WvUv‡Uwe‡ji bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Employee), Ok KgvÛ w`‡Z n‡e- AvMZ DB‡Ûv‡Z No KgvÛ w`‡Z n‡e

(wb‡æi b¨vq WvUv‡eR DB‡ÛvwU‡K †`Lv hv‡e| A_©vr Personal bv‡gi WvUv‡e‡Ri Aax‡b Employee bv‡g GKwU WvUv‡Uwej ˆZix nj| †UwejwU I‡cb K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ BbcyU Ki‡Z n‡e)|

Creating Querry File/ †Kv‡qix dvBj ˆZix Kiv t- WvUv‡Uwe‡j wewfbœ wdì (†hgb: Name; Father’s Name; Occupation; Salary) eënv‡i Z_¨ msi¶Y Kiv nq| A‡bK‡¶‡ÎB K‡qKwU wbw`©ó wdì¸‡jv‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡¶‡Î †Kv‡qix dvBj ˆZix K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq wdì¸‡jv‡K ¯Œx‡Y ev KvM‡R Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq (wb‡æ bg~bv †`qv n‡jv)|

WvUv‡Uwe‡j msiw¶Z wdì¸‡jv t wbw`©ó wdì¸‡jv

eënv‡i †Kv‡qix dvBj t

†Kv‡qix dvBj ‰Zix‡Z KiYxq:-- cÖ‡qvRbxq WvUv‡eR (hvi Aax‡b †Kv‡qix dvBj ‰Zix Ki‡Z n‡e) mPj

ivL‡Z n‡e- Querry U¨v‡e wK¬K, New-G wK¬K- Simple Querry Wizard Ackb wbe©vPb K‡i Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- Tables/Querry e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †Uwej wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e - wd‡ìi bv‡g Wvej wK¬K K‡i †h K‡qKwU wdì cÖ‡qvRb Zv wbe©vPb

Ki‡Z n‡e (Wvej wK¬K Ki‡j wbe©vwPZ wdìwU Wvb As‡k †`Lv hv‡e)

- Next-G wK¬K (`yBevi)- cÖ‡qvRbxq bvg UvBc K‡i Finish-G wK¬K|

Creating Form File/ dig dvBj ˆZix Kiv t- WvUv‡Uwe‡j msiw¶Z Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z dig AvKv‡i Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z dig dvBj ˆZix Kiv nq|

dig dvBj ‰Zix‡Z KiYxq:-- cÖ‡qvRbxq WvUv‡eR mPj ivL‡Z n‡e- Form U¨v‡e wK¬K, New-G wK¬K- AutoForm: Columnar (Kjvg AvKv‡i dig ˆZixi Rb¨) Ackb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- GKUz bx‡Pi e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †UwejwU (†h †Uwe‡ji Z_¨‡K dig

AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb) wbe©vPb K‡i Ok Ki‡Z n‡e(File > Print Preview KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M dig dvB‡ji wcÖwfD †`Lv hv‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Save KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M dig dvBjwU †mBf Ki‡Z n‡e)|

Creating Report File/ wi‡cvU© dvBj ˆZix Kiv t- WvUv‡Uwe‡j msiw¶Z Z_¨‡K wi‡cvU© AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z Ôwi‡cvU© dvBjÕ ˆZix Ki‡Z nq|

wi‡cvU© dvBj ‰Zix‡Z KiYxq:-- cÖ‡qvRbxq WvUv‡eR mPj ivL‡Z n‡e- Report U¨v‡e wK¬K, New-G wK¬K- AutoReport: Columnar (Kjvg AvKv‡i wi‡cvU© ˆZixi Rb¨) Ackb wbe©vPb

Ki‡Z n‡e

- GKUz bx‡Pi e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †UwejwU (†h †Uwe‡ji Z_¨‡K wi‡cvU© AvKv‡i Dc¯’vcb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb) wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

- Ok Ki‡Z n‡e(File > Print Preview KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M wi‡cvU© dvB‡ji wcÖwfD †`Lv hv‡e Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Save KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M wi‡cvU© dvBjwU †mBf Ki‡Z n‡e)|

What is ‘MS-Powerpoint/ Gg Gm cvIqvic‡q›U wK? Powerpoint n‡”Q GKwU †cÖ‡Rb‡Ukb †cÖvMÖvg ev md&UIq¨vi| G¨vwb‡gkb (Pjgvb/Rxeš—) Gi gva¨‡g my›ìfv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cvIqvic‡q›U GKwU PgrKvi †cÖvMÖvg| wewfbœ Avw½‡K (÷vB‡j) wbw`©ó mgq wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g GLv‡b Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| A_©vr AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Z_¨ Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨B g~jZt cvIqvi c‡q›U †cÖvMÖvgwU eëüZ nq|

Slide show in PowerPoint/ cvIqvi c‡q‡›U ¯ vBW cÖ`k©b Kiv t- Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvMÖv‡g hvnv c„ôv cvIqvi c‡q‡›U Zvnv‡KB ¯vBW ejv nq| GLv‡b GKev‡iB m¤ú~Y© ¯vBW (c„ôv) cÖ`k©‡bi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †mBm‡½ ¯-vBW¸‡jv‡K wewfbœ ai‡Yi Gwb‡gkb (Rxeš— fw½) Gi gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq| †m‡¶‡Î cÖ`k©bfw½ †ek AvKl©Yxq nq| ¯vBW cÖ`k©‡bi †¶‡Î Gwb‡gkb Gi m‡½ m‡½ mgqI wba©viY Kiv hvq| A_©vr wbw`©ó mgq wba©vwiZ _vK‡j, wba©vwiZ mgq Abyhvqx wfbœ wfbœ Avw½‡K ¯vBW wbw`©ó mgq c‡i `k©‡Ki mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ nq| ¯vB‡W Gwb‡gkb I mgq wba©vib Ki‡j ¯^qswµqfv‡e Zv ch©vqµ‡g cÖ`wk©Z nq|

bZzb ¯ vBW hy³ Kiv t- - cvIqvi c‡q‡›U cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mPj †i‡L Insert > New Slide KgvÛ

cÖ‡qvM- cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBjwU wbe©vPb K‡i Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

vB‡Wi e¨vKMÖvDÛ wba©viY Kiv (wWdë-G mv`v _v‡K| cÖ‡qvR‡b †h‡Kvb is wba©vib Kiv hvq|) t-

- cvIqvi c‡q‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRbxq †cÖ‡R‡›Ukb mPj †i‡L Format > Background KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

- cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvjvi ev is wbe©vPb K‡i Apply A_ev Apply To All KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

vBW-G Gwb‡gkb I mgq wba©viYt- - cvIqvi c‡q‡›U cÖ‡qvRbxq WKz‡g›U ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e- Slide Show > Slide Transition KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Down Arrow ‡P‡c †P‡c cÖ‡qvRbxq Effect (Gwb‡gk‡bi aiY) wbe©vPb

Ki‡Z n‡e- Automatically After ‡PK e‡· wK¬K K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq (KZ¶Y c‡i ¯vBW

cÖ`wk©Z n‡e) wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e- Sound Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq kã wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e- Apply-G wK¬K

(View > Slide Show KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ¯vBW-¯vBW¸‡jv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e)|

Gwb‡gkb I mgq wba©vi‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯^qswµfv‡e Z_¨‡K Dc¯’vcb t-- cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ wm‡j± ev wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Slide Show > Custom Animation KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Down Arrow ‡P‡c †P‡c cÖ‡qvRbxq Effect (Gwb‡gk‡bi aiY) wbe©vPb

Ki‡Z n‡e- Automatically After ‡PK e‡· wK¬K K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e- Sound Ask †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq kã wba©vib Ki‡Z n‡e (Z_¨ cÖ`k©‡bi mgq

wba©vwiZ kãwU †kvbv hv‡e)

- Timing A_ev Timing & Order wK¬K K‡i Automatically e·-G mgq wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e (KZ¶Y c‡i Z_¨wU ¯Œx‡Y cÖ`wk©Z n‡e)

- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e(View > Slide Show KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ¯vBW-¯vBW¸‡jv cÖ`wk©Z n‡e)|

ch©vqµ‡g evievi ¯ vBW Dc¯’vcb t- ¯^vfvweKfv‡e View ‡_‡K Slide Show KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ¯vBW-¯vBW¸‡jv gvÎ 1 evi cÖ`wk©Z nq| wb‡æi KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM K‡i ¯vBW/¯vBW¸‡jv‡K ch©vqµ‡g evievi cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq|

- ¯vBW mPj †i‡L Slide Show > Set Up Show KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Loop Continuously Until ‘Esc’ -G wK¬K - Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

(View > Slide Show KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ¯vBW-¯vBW¸‡jv evievi cÖ`wk©Z n‡e)|

Windows Explorer /DBb‡WvR G·‡c vivi t ÔDBb‡WvR G·‡cviviÕ DBb‡WvR Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi GKwU DBwUwjwU †cÖvMÖvg, hvi mvnv‡h¨ Lye mn‡RB dvBj-‡dvìvi eë¯’vcbv Kiv hvq| Gi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡”Q- dvBj-‡dvìvi †LvuRv, Kwc-‡c÷, ¯’vbvš—i, bvg cwieZ©b

Kiv BZ¨vw`| wb‡æ G·‡cvivi DB‡ÛvÕi bgybv †`qv n‡jv:-

Office Assistant/ Awdm mnKvix :- †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi mgq A‡bK‡¶‡ÎB mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb nq| IqvW© †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ Awdm G¨vwm÷¨v›U eënvi Kiv nq| †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Awdm G¨vwm÷¨v›U wb‡RB P‡j Av‡m| mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡j evwZj K‡i w`‡Z nq| mvnv‡hï Rb¨- Ryg e‡·i cv‡k Aew¯’Z G¨vwm÷¨v›U Uzj-G wK¬K K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq mvnv‡hï welq UvBc K‡i Search KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|

†njc ev mvnvh¨ †bqv :-- F1 Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev Help > Microsoft Word Help KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- mvnv‡hï welq UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:- Open)- Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev Search-G wK¬K- wewfbœ UwcK&m †`Lv hv‡e, cÖ‡qvRbxqwU‡Z wK¬K Ki‡Z

n‡e (†hgb:- Create a new document)

What’s This :- †njc-Gi ûqvUÕm w`m KgvÛ cÖ‡qv‡M †h‡Kvb †gby, KgvÛ, Uzj m¤ú‡K© aviYv †bqv hvq| †mRb¨ KiYxq:-

- H elp > What’s This? KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM(gvDm c‡q›Uvi-G Ô?Õ wPý hy³ n‡e) †h †gby, KgvÛ A_ev Uzj m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †mLv‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e|

Menu Bar :GLv‡b †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ †gby _v‡K (†hgb:- File

Tool Bar :GLv‡b †cÖvMÖv‡g KvR Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ Uzj/evUb _v‡K| †hgb:-

†gbyi cvkvcvwk

Left Pane :G·‡cv‡ii evg Ask †_‡K †Kvb WªvBf, †dvìvi wbe©vPb Ki‡j, D³ WªvBf, †dvìv‡i Aew¯’Z mKj dvBj-‡dvìvi Wvb As‡k †`Lv hvq| wP‡Î evg As‡k †`Lv hv‡”Q- C WªvBf

Address Box :GLv‡b dvBj-‡dvìv‡ii G¨v‡Wªm ev wVKvbv †jLv _v‡K, hv †`‡L dvBj-‡dvìv‡ii

Right Pane :DB‡Ûvi G As‡k WªvBf, †dvìv‡i Aew¯’Z dvBj-‡dvìvi †`Lv hvq| †hgb:- evg Ask †_‡K gvB Kw¤úDUvi wbe©vPb Ki‡j- GLv‡b gvB Kw¤úDUv‡i msiw¶Z mKj WªvBf, K‡›Uªvj

Kvh©Zt AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii m‡½ Avgv‡ì kix‡ii A‡bK wgj cvIqv hvq| Avgiv †hgb Avgv‡ì cvuPwU Bw›`ª‡qi (†PvL, Kvb, bvK, wRnŸv Ges Z¡K) mvnv‡h¨ cÖwZ wbqZ eyS‡Z cvwi- Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k wK NU‡Q| A_©vr GB cvuPwU Bw›`ª‡qi gva¨‡gB Avgiv Avgv‡ì kix‡ii evB‡i N‡U hvIqv NUbv m¤^‡Ü Z_¨ AvniY Kwi| wVK †Zgwb Kw¤úDUvi Zvi ÔBbcyU As‡kiÕ gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z cv‡i- Zv‡K wK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e| Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKvwaK Bw›`ªq Av‡Q, hv‡K ejv nq ÔBbcyU eë¯’vÕ| Kw¤úDUv‡ii BbcyU eë¯’v‡K BbcyU wWfvBm ejv nq| Kx‡evW©, gvDm, gvB‡µv‡dvb, cvÂKvW©, cvÂ‡Uc BZ¨vw` n‡jv AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii wewfbœ BbcyU wWfvBm|

Selecting width of column/ Kjv‡gi cÖk¯—Zv (cÖ¯’) wba©viY t- - cÖ‡qvRbxq Kjvg wm‡j± K‡i Format > Column KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e- Width e· †_‡K Kjv‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gvc wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Changing Bullet/ ey‡j‡Ui aiY cwieZ©b t- - Format > Bullets and Numbering KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Bulleted U¨v‡e wK¬K, ey‡jU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e- Customize-G wK¬K, Bullet-G wK¬K- cÖ‡qvRbxq ey‡jU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e, Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Using Border and Shading into a table/ †Uwe‡j eW©vi I †kwWs (e¨vKMÖvDÛ) Gi eënvi t-¯^vfvweKfv‡e †Uwe‡ji eW©vi _v‡K ½ c‡q›U Ges Zv wm‡½j jvBb Øviv MwVZ †mBm‡½ e¨vKMÖvDÛ (†cQ‡bi is) _v‡K mv`v| ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q wfbœZi Ki‡Z eW©vi Ges e¨vKMÖvD‡Ûi MVb cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| †m‡ji eW©vi wba©viY t- - †h †mj/†mj¸‡jvi eW©vi wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± K‡i Format >

Border and Shading KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Style e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq jvBb ÷vBjwU wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†mj-G

eW©vi bv PvB‡j- None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)- (jvB‡bi is wba©vi‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b- Color e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Kvjvi

wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e)- (jvBb‡K †gvUv A_ev wPKb Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b- Width e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxqwU

wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e), Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM| †m‡ji e¨vKMÖvDÛ wba©viY t- - †h †mj/†mj¸‡jvi e¨vKMÖvDÛ wba©viY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Zv wm‡j± K‡i

Format > Border and Shading KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Shading U¨v‡e wK¬K- cÖ‡qvRbxq is wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†mj-G e¨vKMÖvDÛ wn‡m‡e †Kvb

is bv PvB‡j- None wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e)- Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

Inserting Hyperlink ( IqvK©ey‡Ki m‡½ Ab¨ dvBj/WKz‡g›U A_ev IqvK©eyK‡K mshy³ ) :-IqvK©ey‡Ki m‡½ Ab¨ dvB‡ji ms‡hvM ¯’vcb Ki‡j mn‡RB (ïaygvÎ wK¬K K‡i) Kvw•LZ dvB‡j Mgb Kiv hvq| †mRb¨ ÔnvBcvi wjsKÕ hy³ Ki‡Z nq| ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡b KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b c‡q›Uvi †i‡L Insert > Hyperlink KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- Alt + B (for Browse) A_ev cÖ_g Browse KgvÛ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e

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- †h dvBjwUi m‡½ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb cÖ‡qvRb Zv wbe©vPb K‡i Ok (2 evi) KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

(ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ dvB‡ji bvg IqvK©ey‡K †`Lv hv‡e| ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ dvB‡j Mgb Ki‡Z D³ dvB‡ji bv‡g wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e)|

Naming Cells ( †mj Gi bvgKiY Kiv) :- GKwU Kjvg Ges GKwU †iv Gi mgš^‡q MwVZ Ni‡K †mj ejv nq| †m‡ji bvgKiY Ki‡Z- Kjv‡gi bv‡gi m‡½ †iv Gi bvg hy³ K‡i †m‡ji bvg wba©viY Kiv nq| †hgb: A1; C5; D9 BZ¨vw`| mvaviY bvg eënvi bv K‡iI wbw`©ó †i‡Ä Aew¯’Z ‡mj¸‡jvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó bvg wba©viY Kiv hvq| †hgb:- Salary (Salary ‡i‡Ä ïaygvÎ m¨vjvwi D‡jL _v‡K)|wb‡æ 2wU †iÄ Gi D`vniY †`qv n‡jv:-

Salary Bonus2000 2003500 3504200 420

Getting Help/ DBb‡WvR †_‡K mvnvh¨ cvIqvt ÔDBb‡WvRÕ Zvi eënviKvix‡K bvbvai‡Yi mvnvh¨ w`‡q _v‡K, hvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ ai‡Yi mgm¨v I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq| mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Rb¨ wb‡æv³ KvR¸‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e:-1g avc - Start †gby †_‡K Help KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e2q avc - Search evU‡b wK¬K3q avc - mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welq (†hgb: Save) UvBc K‡i Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e4_© avc - GKUz bx‡P cÖ`wk©Z wewfbœ UwcK&m †_‡K

cÖ‡qvRbxq UwcK&mwU (†hgb: Saving Document) wbe©vPb K‡i Display evU‡b wK¬K|

‡m‡ji bvgKiY Kiv :-- cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Insert > Name > Define KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM- ‡mj¸‡jvi (†iÄ-G Aew¯’Z) Rb¨ wbw`©ó bvg UvBc Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:

Salary)- Add KgvÛ evU‡b wK¬K Ki‡Z n‡e, Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|

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(1)cÖ‡qvRbxq ‡dvìvi (†hgb:-TT) ˆZix K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj (†hgb:- T1) ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e

(2)Qwei Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMv †i‡L †jLv †kl Ki‡Z n‡e(3)Excel-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR †kl Ki‡Z n‡e(4)Excel-Gi KvRUzKz Kwc Ki‡Z n‡e(5)Microsoft Word-Gi bZzb dvB‡j G‡·j †_‡K Kwc Kiv Z_¨ †có Ki‡Z n‡e(6)Z_¨¸‡jv ¯Œx‡Yi gvSLv‡b †i‡L Kx‡ev‡W©i Print Screen Kx 1evi

Pvc‡Z n‡e(7)g~j dvB‡ji Part-Gi c~‡e© Kvm©i †i‡L †có KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z

n‡e(8)cÖvß QwewU‡K wK¬K K‡i wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Picture Uzjevi

mPj bv _vK‡j mPj Ki‡Z n‡e(9)Picture-Uzjev‡ii Wrapping Uz‡j wK¬K Ges In Front of Text-G wK¬K(10) Picture-Uzjev‡ii Crop Uz‡j wK¬K, Qwei bx‡Pi gvSLv‡b Wª¨vM

GÛ Wªc K‡i AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` w`‡Z n‡e, cybivq Crop Uyj eÜ Ki‡Z n‡e

(11) Picture-Uzjev‡ii Line Style Uz‡j wK¬K, 3 c‡q›U eW©v‡i wK¬K K‡i eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e (12) WKz‡g›UwU Whole Page Ki‡Z n‡e Ges QwewU‡K †QvU K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b †mU Ki‡Z n‡e

(13) dvBjwU †mf Ki‡Z n‡e(14) cix¶vi kx‡Ui 4 bs KvR †kl Ki‡Z n‡e|

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(1)cÖ‡qvRbxq ‡dvìvi (†hgb:-TT) ˆZix K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq dvBj (†hgb:- T1) ˆZix Ki‡Z n‡e

(2)Qwei Rb¨ ch©vß RvqMv †i‡L †jLv †kl Ki‡Z n‡e(3)Excel-Gi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR †kl Ki‡Z n‡e(4)Excel-Gi KvRUzKz Kwc Ki‡Z n‡e(5)Microsoft Word-Gi bZzb dvB‡j G‡·j †_‡K Kwc Kiv Z_¨ †có Ki‡Z

n‡e(6)Z_¨¸‡jv ¯Œx‡Yi gvSLv‡b †i‡L Kx‡ev‡W©i Print Screen Kx 1evi

Pvc‡Z n‡e(7)g~j dvB‡ji Part-Gi c~‡e© Kvm©i †i‡L †có KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z

n‡e(8)cÖvß QwewU‡K wK¬K K‡i wm‡j± Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Picture Uzjevi

mPj bv _vK‡j mPj Ki‡Z n‡e(9)Picture-Uzjev‡ii Wrapping Uz‡j wK¬K Ges In Front of Text-G wK¬K(10) Picture-Uzjev‡ii Crop Uz‡j wK¬K, Qwei bx‡Pi gvSLv‡b Wª¨vM

GÛ Wªc K‡i AcÖ‡qvRbxq Ask ev` w`‡Z n‡e(11) Picture-Uzjev‡ii Line Style Uz‡j wK¬K, 3 c‡q›U eW©v‡i wK¬K

K‡i eW©vi hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e (12) WKz‡g›UwU Whole Page Ki‡Z n‡e Ges QwewU‡K †QvU K‡i

cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b †mU Ki‡Z n‡e

(13) dvBjwU †mf Ki‡Z n‡e(14) cix¶vi kx‡Ui 4 bs KvR †kl Ki‡Z n‡e|

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wmwcBD †h K‡qKwU As‡k MwVZ-

Control Unit – G AskwU hveZxqwKQy wbqš¿Y K‡iInternal Storage Unit- Kw¤úDUv‡ii †fZ‡i Z_¨ msi¶‡Yi KvRwU K‡i wmwcBD-i GB AskInput Unit- BbcyU As‡k M„nxZ Z_¨ Rgv nqOutput Unit- AvDUcy&U †÷v‡iR Gwiqvq cÖ¯‘ZK…Z djvdj cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ ˆZix _v‡K Ges AvDUcyU Ask Øviv Zv cÖKvwkZ nq|Arithmetic Logic Unit- wmwcBD-i G AskwU hveZxq hyw³c~Y© I AsK Klvi KvR mgvav K‡i|

INTERNAL STORAGE UNIT

ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

OUTPUTUNIT

INPUTUNIT INPUT

STORAGE AREA

OUTPUT STORAGE

AREAPROGRAM STORAGE

AREA

WORKING STORAGE

AREA

CONTROL UNIT

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Writing with Bangla Font / evsjv †jLv t - evsjv d›U wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-SutonnyMJ)- Ctrl + Alt + B Pvc‡Z n‡e

(A_©vr evsjv wjL‡Z- cÖ_gZ: evsjv d›U _vK‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-SutonnyMJ) wØZxqZ: weRq AvBKb iƒ‡c _vK‡Z n‡e)|

Writing with English Font / Bs‡iRx †jLv t - Bs‡iRx d›U wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-Times New Roman)- Ctrl + Alt + B Pvc‡Z n‡e

(A_©vr Bs‡iRx wjL‡Z- cÖ_gZ: Bs‡iRx d›U _vK‡Z n‡e (†hgb:-Times New Roman) wØZxqZ: weRq AvBKb iƒ‡c _vK‡Z n‡e)|

evsjv A¶i †hfv‡e cvIqv hv‡et- evsjv A¶i

Kx‡ev‡W© evsjv A¶i

Kx‡ev‡W© evsjv A¶i

Kx‡ev‡W©

A Shift + F ` L © Shift + A

Av G F a Shift + L ª Z

B G D b B ¨ Shift + Z

C G Shift + D c R & G G

D G S d Shift + R ‡ C

E G Shift + S e H ‰ Shift + C

F G A f Shift + H Š Shift + X

G G C g M | Shift + G

H G Shift + C h W \ G Shift + G

I X i V

J G Shift + X j Shift + V mshy³ A¶i wjL‡Zt K J k Shift + M evsjv

A¶it Bs‡iRx A¶it

L Shift + J l Shift + N š— B G K

M O m N ý I G B

N Shift + O n I ›` B G L

O Q o P ¶ J G Shift + N

P Y p Shift + P Á U G Shift + I

Q Shift + Y q Shift + W Â Shift + I G Y

R U r Shift + \ A_ev \

Ä Shift + I G U

S Shift + U s Shift + Q ò Shift+N G Shift+B

T Shift + I t \

U T Shift + 7

V Shift + T v F

W E w D

X Shfit + E x Shift + D

Y Shift + B y S

Z K ~ Shift + S

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_ Shfit + K „ A

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Salary Sheet:-

Name District Designation Basic Medical (25%) H_Rent (40%) Salary/Income Income Tax (15%) Net IncomeRakib Dhaka Manager 7500Probir Dhaka Asst. Accountant 4000Ria Comilla Executive 5000Nasir Manikganj Officer 5000Abdur Rashid Dinajpur Executive 5000

Result Sheet:-

HRC Pilot High SchoolRoll No. Name Bengali-1 Bengali-2 English-1 English-2 G_Math G_Science Physics Chemistry E_Math Religion Total Result

HRC-1002 Shila 71 73 50 45 72 51 65 60 89 48HRC-1003 Ria 40 48 40 39 60 47 40 59 75 46HRC-1004 Bakul 79 74 67 67 72 73 75 73 95 76HRC-1005 Ranjan 41 38 47 34 40 41 39 37 60 47HRC-1008 Kajol 45 37 55 40 35 51 46 41 64 60HRC-1010 Fatema 40 48 40 39 51 47 40 37 47 46

‡iRvë kxU ˆZix‡Z m~Î (wWwfkb c×wZ)t==IF(Total>=750,”Star”, IF(Total>=600,”1st Div.”, IF(Total>=450,”2nd Div.”, IF(Total>=330,”3rd Div.”, IF(Total<=329,”Fail”)))))

‡iRvë kxU ˆZix‡Z m~Î (†MÖW c×wZ)t==IF(Total>=800,”A+ Grade-5.00”, IF(Total>=600,”A Grade-4.00”, IF(Total>=501,”B Grade-3.00”, IF(Total>=401,”C Grade-2.00”, IF(Total>=330,”D Grade-1.00”, IF(Total<=320, “F Grade-0.00”))))))

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Conditional Formatting ( kZ© Av‡iv‡c dig¨vU ev MVb ˆZix) :- †mj/†mj¸‡jv‡K kZ© Av‡iv‡c dig¨vU Kivi Rb¨ Conditional Formatting KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| †m‡¶‡Î wbw`©ó kZ© Av‡ivc Ki‡j wbw`©ó dig¨vU ev MV‡b †mj Gi welqe¯‘ cÖ`wk©Z nq| wb‡æ GKwU D`vniY †`qv n‡jv:-Name of Student Bengali-1 Bengali-2 English-1 English-2 MathmeticsJaglul Haider 60 55 59 58 90Sribas Karmaker 30 32 47 38 57Nasrin Zahan 67 59 53 67 92

cÖ`wk©Z †Uwe‡j kZ© Av‡ivwcZ msL¨v¸‡jv †`Lv hv‡”Q (Ô‡evì I wm‡½j AvÛvijvBbÕ Ges Ô‡evì I Wvej AvÛvijvB‡bÕ)| GLv‡b kZ© †`qv n‡q‡Q- †h msL¨v¸‡jv 33 Gi Kg, †m¸‡jvi dig¨vU ev MVb n‡e wm‡½j AvÛvijvBb Ges †gvUv| Avevi 2q kZ© †`qv n‡q‡Q- †h msL¨v¸‡jv 80 ev Zvi †ekx, †mme †mj¸‡jvi dig¨vU n‡e †gvUv Ges Wvej AvÛvijvBb|Dc‡i cÖ`wk©Z Q‡Ki b¨vq dig¨vU ˆZix‡Z KiYxq:-

- cÖ‡qvRbxq †mj¸‡jv wm‡j± K‡i Format > Conditional Formatting KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM

- cÖ_g e‡· Cell Value is wØZxq e‡· less than Ges 3q e‡· 33 wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e

Setup wU n‡e wbæiƒc t

- Format-G wK¬K- Font Style e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq ÷vBj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (GLv‡b †hgb:-

Bold)- Size e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq d›U mvBR wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e- Underline e· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq AvÛvijvBb ÷vBj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e

(GLv‡b †hgb Ôwm‡½jÕ)- 2 evi Ok KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e

(Add KgvÛ cÖ‡qvM K‡i †gvU 3wU kZ© Av‡ivc Kiv hv‡e)|

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WªvBf dig¨vU K‡i bZzbfv‡e DB‡ÛvR †mUAvc Ki‡Z-- BIOS-G XyK‡Z Del Pvc‡Z _vKzb- Advance BIOS Feature wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi Pvcyb- First Boot wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi Pvcyb- CD/DVD Ackb wbe©vPb K‡i ESC Pvcyb- Save & Exit Setup wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi Pvcyb- Y †P‡c G›Uvi Pvcyb- Press any key to boot from CD/DVD †jLv Avm‡j G›Uvi Pvcyb Ges A‡c¶v Ki“b- To Set Windows †g‡mR G‡j G›Uvi Pvcyb (†d«k DB‡ÛvR †mwUs Gi Rb¨), A‡c¶v Ki“b- Licence Agreement ¯ŒxY G‡j F8 Pvcyb (wKQy¶Y c‡i WªvBf †kv Ki‡e)- cÖ‡qvRbxq WªvBf wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi Pvcyb - cÖ‡qvRbxq dig¨vU (†hgb- Quick Format) wbe©vPb K‡i G›Uvi

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Shutting Down Windows/ DBb‡WvR eÜ Kiv t DBb‡WvR Øviv PvwjZ Kw¤úDUvi eÜ Kivi c~‡e© DBb‡WvR eÜ Ki‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î KiYxq:-1g avc - Start †gby †_‡K Shut Down A_ev Turn Off -G wK¬K2q avc - Shut Down Ackb-G wK¬K A_ev Turn Off-G wK¬K3q avc - Enter Kx Pvc‡Z n‡e A_ev Ok KgvÛ evU‡b wK¬K(eZ©gv‡b †ekxifvM wmwcBD ¯^qswµqfv‡e eÜ nq| ¯^qswµqfv‡e eÜ bv n‡j ¯Œx‡Y †jLv †`Lv hv‡e-

evUb/KgvÛ Kv‡÷vgvBR Ki‡Z (‡hgb Uzjev‡i d›U †mU Kiv):-- Tools > Customize-G wK¬K- Command-G wK¬K- cÖ‡qvRbxq KgvÛ/†gby‡Z wK¬K (Wvbcv‡k mve‡gby †`Lv hv‡e| †hgb Font wbe©vPb Ki‡j Wv‡bi e‡· mKj

d‡›Ui bvg †`Lv hv‡e)- cÖ‡qvRbxq KgvÛ A_ev evU‡b c‡q›Uvi †i‡L Wª¨vM GÛ Wª‡ci gva¨‡g Uzjev‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq ¯’v‡b †Q‡o

w`‡Z n‡e|

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Date post:	26-Feb-2020
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