WHAT IS CULTURECULTURAL COMPONENTS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4sjd_hwpcEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wyx053CNMag

THE GENERAL FEATURES OF CULTURE

• Is learned through socialization and watching other people

• Is acquired and shown unconsciously• Parts may change over time but deeply-

rooted values and traditions resist change

• Is shared by all members of the group• Every culture works, despite how Stanger

it may look to outsiders• As cultures age, they become more

complicated with more rules• Culture is spread from one person to

another; generation to generation• Aspects of culture are interrelated• A culture can believe it is superior to all

others• Some aspects of culture are hidden• Some aspects of culture are restrcitive

WHAT IS CULTURE• Culture can be defined as • A learned pattern of values and

behaviours that everyone in the group shares

• These patterns and behaviours are passed on to new members by a process known as socialization

• Each culture creates it’s own guidelines for governing its members

• Culture includes both material and non material components

WHAT IS CULTURE• Material

components• Things created

by human beings such as buildings, automobiles, technology

• Non material components• Behaviours,

values and attitudes shared by groups of people

WHAT IS CULTURE

• dating• housing• celebration

s• religion

• laws• names• fashions• governmen

t

• medicine• family• education• language

GUIDELINES

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ic3xNfEP_o • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pOU-SKj9jQ

WAYS CULTURES DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES• Cultures distinguish themselves

by using different symbols• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuNQwwlK

3xg

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3EvS467JK0

• Some symbols are used worldwide

WAYS CULTURES DISTINGUISH THEMSELVES• Most cultures have

slang terms particular to that group

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUAn1iwCzZ4

• Often slang expressions develop within a society’s subcultures

• Slang can be used to keep people out of a particular group

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dTuu1yjrIc

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIsfjS5KLCE

TRAITS, COMPLEXES, PATTERNS• Cultural traits• The smallest unit of a

culture• Any individual tool, act

or belief• Cultural complexes• forms when several

interrelated cultural traits are joined together

• The game of hockey requires both material traits like skates and pucks but also acts like passing and body checking

• It has beliefs about fair and unfair called penalties

TRAITS, COMPLEXES, PATTERNS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mys-w8dTF2E

• Cultural Patterns• The combination of a

number of interrelated cultural complexes

• There are cultural patterns in most aspects such as sports, religion, family life, business

• In the cultural pattern of education it involves• Kindergarten• Elementary school• Junior high/middle

school• High school• Post secondary

K 1-6 7-9 10-12 PS

CULTURAL VARIATIONS• the things that are important

to culture values vary from culture to culture

• The differences in these values is called cultural variation

• Causes of cultural variation in include

• Geography• Different climates cause people to

meet their needs in different methods

• Isolation• Cultures that are isolated have less

opportunity to share ideas, inventions or practices with other cultures

• Inventions• Cultures with access to modern

inventions and technology meet their needsi n different ways

SUB CULTURES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDYBM7y9CHc

• Subculture• Is a group within a

larger complex culture who have interests that vary from those in the mainstream culture

• They reject some but not usually all of the values and practices of a the larger society

• They may have their own style of dress, beliefs, customs and celebrations not shared by the larger group

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRJ7pmif9Dc

CULTURAL UNIVERSALS AND ALTERNATIVES http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7EpWhB0Qk0

• Cultural Universals• Common features found in all

cultures• George Murdock in the 1940s

created list including• feasting• toolmaking• adorning the body• forms of greeting• dancing• housing • gift giving• handling the deceased

• Cultural Alternatives• Choices that an individual can make

that allow one to meet the requirements of a cultural universal

CULTURAL CHANGE• Cultural Change happens

for a number of reasonsCultures adapt to

change, ex: one child policy in China

All cultures combine a variety of attitudes, values, behaviours and customs

New cultural traits can spread from one society to another

Political change can alter a culture

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URxwe6LPvkM

STAGES OF CULTURAL CHANGE

INNOVATION a new way

of doing things

ACCEPTANCE the new idea

has to be accepted by the

culture and spread

ELIMINATION the old

ways gradually disappear

INTEGRATION new ways

often require

other areas of society to fit in

CULTURAL CHANGE

FACTORS THAT RESIST CULTURAL CHANGE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ai6K2VIEXM

1. ENTHONCENTRISM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSJFBeVFtak

• A groups belief that their culture is superior to all others. As a result people oppose change from outside their group

2. CULTURAL LAG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YcaXce85STU

• The period of time between the acceptance of an innovation and the completion of its integration into culture

3. VESTED INTERESTS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IENnSK8Q6nE

• People tend to resist any new idea that threatens their safety or their standard of living

CASE STUDY THE DVORAK KEYBOARD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZZmczt4MxA

• In August 1932 August Dvorak devised a new typewriter keyboard that was vastly superior to the old one

• On this keyboard you could type more than 3000 words on the home row compared to 50 on the QWERTY

• Dvorak put all the vowels in his home row, under the fingers of the left hand

• DVORAK rearranged things so that 70% of the work could be done in the home row, 22% in the row above, and 8% below

• With QWERTY 32% is done in the home row, 52% above, 16% below

CASE STUDY THE DVORAK KEYBOARD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZZmczt4MxA

• Dvorak also made the right hand work harder gving it 56% of the load

• On the QWERTY the left hand handles 57% of the work

• Dvorak had a demonstration during world war II when he retrained 14 navy women to use his keybvoard

• After month the women were turning out 74% more work and were 68% more accurate

• The women using the DSK keyboard were moving their fingers a little more than a mile a day, compared to 12 to 20 miles a day for the QWERTY keyboard

http://www.google.ca/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=DVORAK+keyboard&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=4m-30GHsXfJooM&tbnid=pKsoyW26LCnM8M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/v5n11/dvorakkeyboard.html&ei=z0MwUdyIMMagiAKf44DQCg&bvm=bv.43148975,d.cGE&psig=AFQjCNG1GiErMV4IfucbDiyhn9tTzCWYkg&ust=1362203945057679