Energy resources

What is energy?2 mins in groups then brainstorm altogether!

Everything you know about energy

Energy is……..

What are the different types of energy?

Answer the following questionsp105-106

1.What is meant by energy?2.Name eight types of

energy.3.Make a list of 6 things

you need energy for.

How many types of energy do you remember?1 minute to try and name as many as you can

with an example

Starter

A match burningA portable torchA microphoneA radioA TVA catapultA mobile phone

A car

chemical to heat and lightchemical to heat and lightsound to electricalelectrical to sound and heatelectrical to sound and light and heatelastic to kinetic and heatchemical to sound and microwaves

(EM radiation) and heatchemical to kinetic & sound & heat

Click for answers

In all these transfers, energy is conserved. Energy cannot be destroyed or created.

Suggest the energy transfer for the devices below:

What about fuel?A fuel is something that can release heat

energy

This energy can then be turned into other types of energy!

Many fuels contain a store of chemical energy

Can you think of any examples?

Burning fuelsBurning an fuel doesn’t make any energy?So what does it do?

Fossil FuelsGuess where fossil fuels come from???

FOSSILS

Why do we need to try and reduce our dependence on fossil fuels?

Non-renewable energyFossil fuels are non-renewableRenewable energy is on the rise

Non-renewable energy sources

Oil, coal and natural gas are examples of fossil fuels. They were formed from biological deposits over the course of millions of years.

There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually.

Once they are used up they cannot be regenerated and used again.

Oil Coal Natural gas

Renewable energy sources

These will not run out because they can easily be regenerated.

Examples are wind power, solar power, tidal power and biomass.

Only 1% of the UK’s energy comes from these sources.

Can you think of a reason why?

Energy

The Sun

The original source of most

energy resources.

Plants store the sun’s energy

through photosynthesis.

The energy is now

CHEMICAL energy.

Coal

Wind

biomass

Oil

The Sun

The original source

of most energy

resources.

Natural gas

food

waves

How coal was formed

About 300 million years ago, plants photosynthesized and stored the Sun’s energy.

Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud stopped them from rotting away.

Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plants.

After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the plants became coal.

Coal

Coal Formation

How oil was formed

Oil is also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like now their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but didn’t rot away.

Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas.

This sample of crude oil was formed in Southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.

Oil formation

How can you help?

Renewable vs Non-renewableAdvantages

Disadvantages

CoalCoal is as a solid fuel used to produce

electricity and heat through combustion. World coal consumption was about 6.75 billion tons in 2006 and is expected to increase 48% to 9.98 billion tons by 2030. 

Coal is sometimes used in the home for heating but produces lots of soot. Coal is a non-renewable fuel.

No one knows for sure how much coal is left for sure but we do know there are at least 147 years worth of coal left.

Crude oilCrude oil is used to make petrol, diesel,

plastics and all sorts of other products. Its made from lots of tiny animals that lived

millions of years ago. That’s quite a while!Crude oil products can be used as heating oil

in some peoples houses or to generate electricity in power stations!

It is believed that there is only enough crude oil left to supply us for another 130 years.

UraniumUranium is a metal that can be used to produce power when it breaks down in a nuclear

reaction.A single cup of uranium can provide enough energy

to keep your 55inch widescreen and xbox on playing continuously for 50 years!

We think that there is at least 85 years left of uranium deposits however it is possible there might be more.

Another problem that you need to worry about is what you do with the leftovers. Used uranium is very radioactive which is dangerous for living organisms and has to be stored underground forever!

GeothermalGeothermal energy uses the heat deep underground to heat water to really high temperatures so that it can power a turbine. Only some areas of the world have enough

heat in deep underground to support geothermal energy in some areas

Newcastle city centre is exploring using water at 80 degrees to heat peoples houses. This is extremely cheap and completely renewable.

Solar and Wind powerSolar and wind power are both renewable energy resources. This means that they are naturally replenished.Solar panels however rely on it being day time

and bright. Many people are investing in these for on top of their houses.

Wind turbines rely on the wind blowing and can be noisy, but can allow people to generate their own electricity.

This means that these sources are sometimes unreliable but governments around the world are investing in them as a good source of energy.

Biomass as heating and as electricityBiomass is biological material from living, or

recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel.

Biomass can be used to generate electricity with steam turbines by combustion. Examples include forest wood (such as dead trees, branches and tree stumps), garden clippings, wood chips and even some waste you throw in the bin.

Biomass can also be used directly as a fuel for cooking such as in India where farmers use manure to cook their food.