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What is Geography?
Geography Geography is the study of the distribution
and interaction of physical and human features on the earth
Geographers use lots of tools to study the earth
Maps
Photographs
Five Themes of Geography A tool used by geographers that describe
patterns and connections in the use of space
There are 5 main themes
Theme 1- Location There are 2 types
Absolute Location- exact place on earth where a geographic feature is found
Relative Location- describes a place in comparison to other places around it
Other Themes Theme 2- Place (includes all physical and
cultural features of a location) Theme 3- Region (an area of the earth with
similar characteristics) Theme 4- Human- Environment Interaction
(The relationship b/w humans and the environment)
Theme 5- Movement
There are 3 main types of Maps
Topographic Map Topographic-
shows natural and man-made features on earth
Thematic Map Thematic-
shows information
Navigation Map
Navigation- maps air and sea navigators use
Map Skills Why are all map projections distorted?
The earth is round, and maps are flat, so the earth’s curves cannot be accurately shown on a map
Map Projections Mercator- used for ship navigation Polar (Azimuthal)- used for air travel Robinson- used in classrooms
Mercator Map
Polar (Azimuthal) Map
Robinson Map
Map Directions Cardinal directions- north, south, east, and
west Intermediate directions- southeast,
southwest, northeast, northwest
Hemispheres The world is divided
into hemispheres by latitude and longitude lines
The Equator divides north and south, while the Prime Meridian divides east and west
Reading MapsThere are 8 key elements that you need to know when reading a map
Title Explains the subject of
the map
Compass Rose Shows orientation
Labels Words or phrases that
explain map features
Legend Lists and explains the
symbols and use of color on a map
Latitude Lines Run horizontal from
the equator out on both sides of the globe (mark north and south positions)
Longitude Lines Run vertical from the
prime meridian out on both sides of the globe (mark east and west positions)
Scale Ruler-like line that
shows the lengths of earth distance units on the map
Grid System
Intersecting Parallels and Meridians used to locate points on a map