Graphic DesignBTEC Extended Diploma in Art & Design

TypographyA basic introduction

the art or process of setting and arranging types and printing from them.

Typography

Aims

• To identify the contemporary definition of typography

– Definition of typography

– Analyse terminology

• To investigate the history of typography

– Discussion and analysis of influential typographers

• Relation to assignment: Task 1 – research and investigation

Definition

1. the art or process of setting and arranging types and printing from them. 2. the style and appearance of printed matter.

Oxford English Dictionary

Identifying correct terminology

Typeface anatomy

Typography Terminology

ascender line

x-line (mean line)

baseline

descender line

T x y b

K e rni n g

Ascender lineBaseline

Descender line

X-line

Typeface Anatomy

Standard

Typeface

Anatomy

ascender

foot serif

descender bowl

counterspur

tail

hairline

shoulderbeak

cross bar

apex

terminal

eye

head serif

Typeface Variations

Garamond

Baskerville Old Face

Bodoni MT

Goudy Old Style

Times New Roman

Helvetica

Univers

Gill Sans MT

Calibri

Arial

Comic Sans MS

Brush Script MT

Harlow Solid Italic

Freestyle

French Script MT

A A aSerif (tail) Sans serif (no tail) Script

Influential typographers

The history of typography

William Morris 1834 - 1896

• Inspired by Emery Walker

• Kelmscott Press

“It was the essence of my undertaking to

produce books which it would be a pleasure to

look upon as pieces of printing and

arrangement of type.”

Edward Johnston 1872 - 1944

Calligrapher

Johnston Sans Serif Headline

ITC Johnston

Johnston Sans Serif, 1916Commissioned by Frank Peck1916

"Fortunately for me there was no-one to teach me for nobody knew anything about

my subject."

Eric Gill 1882 - 1940

Sculptor Typographer Writer

Fonts he designed:1925 Perpetua for the Monotype Corporation

1928 Gill Sans1931 Joanna Then: The Crucifixion, 1931

GILL SANS1928 - 1930

GILL SANS MT

GILL SANS MT CONDENSED

GILL SANS MT CONDENSED AND BOLD

GILL SANS ULTRA BOLD

GILL SANS ULTRA BOLD CONDENSED

Herbert Bayer

‘Like modern machines, architecture and the cinema, so too must

type be an expression of our exact times.’

Director of advertising and printing

Rejected historical forms andindividual ‘old-style and fancy types’

Designed the sans serif font, universal

Used colour and different weights of font to emphasise important text1928

Commissioned by Walter Gropius, 1925

Comparison of Bauhaus Werkstattesignage in Dessau and Victory Type’s Bayer Sans

a modern approach to Bayer’s typographical themes.Note the simplicity of the strokes and the novel styling

based on Bayer’s type design for posters advertisinga 1923 Bauhaus exhibition.

based on universal, but with a rustic look as if it wereactually printed during the 20s and recovered in the 90s.

Victory Type’s most accurate reproduction of Bayer’s classicfont to date. Presently in development.

László Moholy-Nagy

Painter sculptor photographer film-makerindustrial designer typographer

Typophoto

Style:– Clear

– Legible

– Asymmetric

The large Railway

Typophoto

Resources

http://abc.planet-typography.com

http://www.type.nu/bayer

http://www.identifont.com

http://www.graphicdesign.com

http://www.ejf.org.uk

http://www.fontcraft.com