The Science of Marine Science

What is Marine Science?Discuss with your group and formulate a

definition

Marine Science Incorporates…Marine biologyOceanography

Marine geologyMarine chemistryPhysical

oceanography

What do you want to learn this year?

History of Marine BiologyStone Age

to present…

Timeline of Marine ScienceTime Event

1768 James Cook (Mrs. Biebesheimer)

1831 Charles Darwin (Table 1)

1840s Edward Forbes (Table 1)

1872 HMS Challenger (Table 2)

1872 Stazione Zoologica (Table 3)

1888 Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory (Table 4)

1940s SONAR (Table5)

1940s SCUBA (Table 6)

1940s to present

(Table 6)

Review the time period on pp. 5-10. Be prepared to explain the significance to the class.

Timeline of Marine ScienceTime Event

1768 James Cook explores all the oceans and makes scientific observations; first to use the chronometer and create reliable charts

1831 Charles Darwin studies marine life while exploring with HMS Beagle

1840s Edward Forbes dredges the sea floor

1872 HMS Challenger is the first ship used for oceanographic exploration

1872 First permanent marine science laboratory opened, Stazione Zoologica in Naples, Italy

1888 Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory opens in Massachusetts

1940s SONAR developed (sound navigation ranging)

1940s SCUBA equipment developed (self-contained underwater breath in apparatus)

1940s to present

Advancements in technology to create submarines, remotely operated vehicles and robots, and underwater laboratories.

Woods Hole , MA

Timeline of Marine Science Homework What events and discoveries did we miss?

What are the steps of the scientific method?

HypothesisAn “educated guess.”Based on specific observations.Must be a statement.Must be stated in a way that allows it to

be tested.Must be able to prove the hypothesis

“false.”

Arriving at a Hypothesis…

Induction vs. DeductionInduction –specific

observations are made to arrive at a general principle.

Example:All birds have wings.Wings are used for flight.

Therefore: All birds can fly.

Deduction –a general principle is used to make specific predictions.

Example:All fish have gills

Therefore: A butterflyfish must have gills.

Limitations of the Scientific MethodIn science, there are no absolute truths.Rather, a hypothesis is accepted as long as it is

supported by available evidence.Hypotheses are continually tested, refined, and

sometimes rejected or replaced.Not perfectSubject to human errorCannot make judgments about values, ethics,

or morals.Cannot make abstract statements.Reveals the world as it is, not as it should be.

How does water temperature affect mussel growth?

Testing Ideas

Chapter 1 Study GuideThe Science of Marine BiologyDefine marine science. Explain the necessity of multiple fields of

science in marine studies. Explain important points in the history of marine science and

events that advanced our knowledge of marine environments.Identify major developments in technology that improved our

understanding of sea and place them in a logical chorological order.

Explain the importance of the scientific method. Determine the difference between induction and deductionDefine hypothesis.Explain how a hypothesis is tested and accepted. Understand the difference between a hypothesis and theory. Identify controlled and experimental variables in an experiment.Explain the limitations of the scientific methods.

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FORMAL SCIENTIFIC TEXT

1. Define the problem.2. Collect information

about the problem.3. Construct a

hypothesis.4. Design an

experimental procedure.

5. Make observations (i.e. conduct the experiment to test the hypothesis).

6. Interpret results - draw a conclusion.

7. Repeat the process.

ESSENTIAL THINKING

What is happening (will happen)?

How can I determine what is happening (will happen)?

What happens?Why did it happen?

An unanswered QUESTION arises

- OR -a PROBLEM exists

that requires a solution

1. OBSERVE nature.2. Make

INFERENCES3. Conduct

RESEARCH4. COLLABORATE

with other scientists

HYPOTHESIS “educated guess”

1. A possible answer to the

question.2. A possible

solution to the problem

EXPERIMENTATIONMust be

controlled, repeatable,

ethical,

INTERPRETATION

Does analysis of the experimental data provide an

answer or solution?

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Prompts scientists to…

which may lead to a…

If YES, then hypothesis accepted and THEORY may arise.

If NO, then A. QUESTION is revisedB. More observation and

research is doneC. HYPOTHESIS is

revised.D. EXPERIMENT is

improved or repeated.

Yields data that can be interpreted and peer reviewed …

Will inevitably lead to new questions

tested using…