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What is peace?What is a treaty?
Is this a peace treaty?
PARIS “PEACE” PARIS “PEACE” CONFERENCECONFERENCE
Solution to Over-Solution to Over-population?population?
KIA > 15MWIA > 20MFlu Pandemic > 20M
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/ww1-loss.htm
CasualtiesCasualties
Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead
Big Four Dominate ProceedingsBig Four Dominate Proceedings
Britain > L. GeorgeFrance> Clemenceau
Italy> V. Orlando
U.S.> W. Wilson:Fourteen Points
Germany: [forced]to capitulateto pay
reparationsto lose coloniesto lose territory
ReparationsReparations
Weaknesses of TreatyWeaknesses of TreatyGermany forced [previous notes]
Austria-Hungary dividedRussia lost territory [not even at proceedings]
No self-determination for S. E. Asia
Austria-Hungary DividedAustria-Hungary Divided
Wilson’s Fourteenth Wilson’s Fourteenth PointPoint
Est. League of Nationsdesigned as international peacekeeper
Weaknesses of League of NationsNo U.S. Senate approval [no collective security]
No enforcement capabilities
Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson
The League of Nations 1920-1946
Mandate SystemMandate System
Britain & France gain control of German and Ottoman territories
Set up trusteeship over lost colonies
Germans & Arabs oppose mandate system
SELF-DETERMINATION:
European self-determination [ie.] Poland - Baltic States – Czechoslovakia
Trusteeships in S.E. Asia and Middle East
TreatyTreaty
SudetenlandSudetenland
Polish CorridorPolish Corridor
Pitfalls to European Pitfalls to European HegemonyHegemony
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS:
Reversed economic relationships b/w Europe & the U.S.
Inflationloss of investmentloss of foreign
marketsloss of prestige
weakened colonial influence
POLITICAL PROBLEMS:
Spread concept of self-determination
U.S.S.R. spread nationalist movements
Undermined power over colonies
Enduring QuestionsEnduring Questions
Why create a global peacekeeping organization? How can we make it truly effective?
How has the Mandate System impacted the Middle East?
How can we compare the Bush Iraq Plan to the Mandate System?