urban planning

arch 368

spring 2013

what is planning

• what is planning?

• why plan?

•who are planners?

•what do planners do?

•steps in planning

• professional practice

what is planning?

plan (n)• a physical representation of something(a drawing, a map etc.)

• a method for doing something• an orderly arrangement of parts of anobjective

plan (v) • ‘to arrange the parts of ’, or• ‘to realize the achievement of’, or, more vaguely, ‘to intend’.

definitions – “plan” & “planning”

the art of drawing up a physicalplan or design on paper?

plan (n)• a physical representation of something(a drawing, a map etc.)

• a method for doing something• an orderly arrangement of parts of anobjective

plan (v) • ‘to arrange the parts of ’, or• ‘to realize the achievement of’, or, more vaguely, ‘to intend’.

definitions – “plan” & “planning”

the art of drawing up a physicalplan or design on paper?

what is planning

preparation of a physicalrepresentation or design ?

what is planning

What if planning did not involveproduction of a single exact physical representation of the entity which is being produced?

what is planning ?

the emphasis is always on tracing an orderly sequence of events which will

achieve a predetermined goal.

For many years, planning attempted to solve the issues of

urban communities, reacting to the successes and failures of

previous designs to build a better model.

what is planning ?

The promises of planning are seen throughout history in multiple

examples of livable communities that create a balancebetween economic, social and environmental needs.

what is planning ?

why plan?

Ok, why do we

plan anyway?

Does it have any

practical value?

One answer to the first part of the question is

that the development law allows and

encourages communities, and local and

central governments to plan. But that's not a

very satisfying answer. Planning does have

practical as well as idealistic values.

Idealism aside, what

are some of the

practical values of

comprehensive

planning?

We all plan at some time in our lives and when we do, it's

usually for one of two basic reasons. One is we want to

accomplish something, some goal, be it practical or idealistic. Or we want to avoid or prevent something, such as

poverty or getting sick. In planning we use whatever facts

we have, to help us make our best guess about the future

and choose the best and most practicable steps to

accomplish our goals.

visionlivability

I see your point, but communities

or regions aren't individuals who

can make decisions on their own.

Just who decides what are

government goals and desires

that are to be planned for? How

can you ever get everyone to

agree on everything?

You're right, unanimous agreement on goals and policies is well-

nigh inconceivable. So, in doing a general plan, you do the best

you can to elicit public input. The planning process takes the substance of our values, goals and needs and translates them into

the substance of policy. Special planning committees and the city

council must decide on which goals, policies, benchmarks and

land-use arrangements best embody a consensus of public

opinion tempered with good judgement.

participation

I see, but let's get back

to the first question, why

plan?

1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.

2nd : Planning identifies problems and

points the way to solutions.

3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other

words, it provides a rationale for assigning

priorities.

4th: Through planning, you can come up

with sound policies to address growth or

decline. 5th: Planning helps to coordinate

development projects with one another.

6th: Planning can educate, involve and

inform the public as well as public officials.

Should we build more streets before more sewer

lines? Should we build a new community center before upgrading fire

stations, or vice versa?

I see, but let's get back

to the first question, why

plan?

1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.

2nd : Planning identifies problems and

points the way to solutions.

3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other

words, it provides a rationale for assigning

priorities.

4th: Through planning, you can come up

with sound policies to address growth or

decline. 5th: Planning helps to coordinate

development projects with one another.

6th: Planning can educate, involve and

inform the public as well as public officials.

Where should new housing go? What's to become of

downtown if we encourage an outlying shopping center? A

good plan will suggest answers to perplexing questions.

I see, but let's get back

to the first question, why

plan?

1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.

2nd : Planning identifies problems and

points the way to solutions.

3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other

words, it provides a rationale for assigning

priorities.

4th: Through planning, you can come up

with sound policies to address growth or

decline. 5th: Planning helps to coordinate

development projects with one another.

6th: Planning can educate, involve and

inform the public as well as public officials.

In other words, making sure that adequate roads and

utilities are in place before the new shopping center or

subdivision or dairy farm are opened.

I see, but let's get back

to the first question, why

plan?

1st, it is a way to prepare for the future.

2nd : Planning identifies problems and

points the way to solutions.

3rd: It helps us to do first things first. In other

words, it provides a rationale for assigning

priorities.

4th: Through planning, you can come up

with sound policies to address growth or

decline. 5th: Planning helps to coordinate

development projects with one another.

6th: Planning can educate, involve and

inform the public as well as public officials.

Participation in planning can forestall opposition to

implementing what might have been controversial

policies. Another aspect of this is that participatory planning can reveal the potential for

change and improvement to a community to those who had never thought of such things

before.

who are planners?

Plan de l'Ancienne Chartreuse de Parisby Eustache Le Sueur

Ca. 1645Musée du Louvre in Paris

ethics

perception: image of the

city

policy

comprehensivesystems

approach

nature: ecology &

sustainability

localcapacity

flexibilityleadership

decision-making :

participationgap-

bridging

strategiccontinual

heritage

economy

forecasts

livability

realistic

time-bound

POLITICS

ARCHITECTURE

ECOLOGY

GEOGRAPHY

HISTORY

ECONOMY

ANTHROPOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY LANDSCAPE

ARCHITECTURE

URBAN

PLANNING

http://walimemon.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/Urban-Planning.jpg

what do planners do?

what do planners do?

Urban and regional planners develop plans and

programs for the use of land. They use planning to

create communities, accommodate growth, or

revitalize physical facilities in towns, cities, regions, and

metropolitan areas

what do planners do?

Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is a technical

and political process concerned with the control of theuse of land and design of the urban environment,including transportation networks, to guide and ensure the

orderly development of settlements and communities.

It concerns itself with research and analysis, strategic thinking,

architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy

recommendations, implementation and

management.

planning tasks

•Hold public meetings with government officials,

social scientists, lawyers, developers, the public, or

special interest groups to formulate, develop, or

address issues regarding land use or community

plans

•Discuss with planning officials the purpose of land

use projects, such as transportation, conservation,

residential, commercial, industrial, or community use.

•Design, promote, or administer government plans

or policies affecting land use, zoning, public utilities,

community facilities, housing, or transportation.

•Conduct field investigations, surveys, impact

studies, or other research to compile and analyze

data on economic, social, regulatory, or physical

factors affecting land use.

•Create, prepare, or requisition graphic or narrative

reports on land use data, including land area maps

overlaid with geographic variables such as

population density.

•Assess the feasibility of proposals and identify

necessary changes.

•Coordinate work with economic consultants or

architects during the formulation of plans or the

design of large pieces of infrastructure.

•Keep informed about economic or legal issues

involved in zoning codes, building codes, or

environmental regulations and

determine the effects of regulatory

limitations on projects.

planning tasks

steps in planning

Its main techniques will be : • written statements, supplemented as appropriate by • statistical projections,• mathematical representations, • quantified evaluations and diagrams illustrating relationships between different parts of the plan.

It may, but need not necessarily, include• exact physical blueprints of objects.

main techniques of planning

Ok, what is step one

and who is involved?

The first step in is to set up the Citizen Participation

Process. This is the most important work plan element, in

fact, it should be listed as a separate task. The process

for how citizens participate in the planning process will be acquired. How information obtained will be used

should be described.

inclusiveprocess

1

Once folks get

together, what are

they going to do first?

Step Two in planning asks citizens, in conjunction with officials

and staff, to set Goals and Objectives. Determining community

goals and objectives should be clearly spelled out fairly early in

the process, so the planning effort is working towards meeting

them. These must be goals and objectives that the community

reaches consensus on, not just those of whoever is writing the

plan, or the plan will not be approved and/or utilized.

objectiveframework

2

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in numbers

can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an Assessment of

Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3population increase rates

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

I see, you are setting it

up so the planning

process creates the

product, or the plan.

But what about all the

quantitative stuff, the

traditional grist of the

planning mill?

Obviously doing a snapshot

of the community in

numbers can't be ignored. Step Three calls for an

Assessment of Existing Conditions.

3

Once we figure out

where we are, how do

we figure out where

we're going?

That's where Step Four comes in. Trends Information allows us to assess where the community is going: growing or declining, at

what rate, expected future impacts. It looks at all the same topics

as Step Three, but moreover, it includes projections (e.g. population, demand for sewage treatment, etc.) and provides

information on level of services issues (are there too few parks for the existing population? will a drainage need surface in the next

few years? etc.).

forecasts4

What if trends show us

going in a direction

we don't want to go?

The job of Step Five is to offer a Preferred Scenario for the Future. This is an extension of previous tasks, and describes graphically

and in writing what the community hopes to become. In its most

basic form, it is a comprehensive plan map which elected officials may use to evaluate future land use and zoning applications. With

more detail, it can also set standards for services, and spell out

specific future projects the community wishes to pursue.

scenario5

I'm still waiting for the

product of the process.

When does that

happen?

If you're ready, now.

Plan Codes are the main tools for implementation of the

plan, the place where real changes to existing procedures can be made. Again, this need not be

unnecessarily complex, but it should be clearly

identified.

codes6

How can the plan

best be put to use?

Step Seven, Implementation, is the most crucial, though most forgotten, part of the plan for it to become a

useful tool for the community. It should be as specific as

possible, and list future short and long term actions needed to implement the plan's policies. It should also

identify funding sources, where possible, and note

specific responsibilities by agency for each action.

phases of implementation

actionplan

7

How can the plan

best be put to use?

The final step, Follow Up/Plan Review makes the plan truly useful,

in that it encourages periodic review and updates time periods.

The plan should also recommend additional actions that may be needed to implement the plan policies, such as revisions to the

zoning code or subdivision ordinance.

plan reviews

8

planning steps in short

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

PROBLEMS AND

OPPORTUNITIES

INVENTORY AND

FORECAST RESOURCES

FORMULATION AND

EVALUATION OF

ALTERNATIVE PLANS

citizen participation process

goals and objectives

assessment of existing

conditions

trends information

preferred scenario for

the future

plan codes

implementation

8 plan review

ACTION PLAN

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

PLAN REVISION