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What is SPED?

Dr. Milabel E. Ho

Executive Vice President &

Concurrent Dean of the College of Nursing

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What if?

What if I dont have the arms and legs?

Does it mean I cant play?What if I dont have the sight and the voice?

Does it mean I cant communicate?

What if words come slow in my mind?

Does it mean I cant learn?

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What if I cant look at you in the eye?

Does it mean I dont care?

What if I cant hug you like any other children

Does it mean Im void of all emotions?

How can I tell you what I feel?

If I dont reach out and accept what I am?

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Can you give me a chance?

Can you open your heartCan you listen to my plea

And love me like any other child?

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Facts

(as of SY 2004-2005)

156,270 children

with special

needs areenrolled in

schools

77,152are mentally

gifted/fast learners

(G/FL)79,118 are

children with

disabilities

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Special Education

is the individually planned and systematicallymonitored arrangement of teachingprocedures, adapted equipment and

materials, accessible settings, and otherinterventions designed to help learners withspecial needs achieve a higher level ofpersonal self-sufficiency and success in

school and community than would beavailable if the student were only givenaccess to a typical classroom education.

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79,118 are children with disabilities

40,260 learning disabled (LD)

11,597 hearing impaired (HI)

2,670 visually impaired (VI)

12,456 mentally retarded (MR)

5,112 behavior problem (BP)

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760 orthopedically handicapped (OH)

5,172 autistic children (Au)912 speech defectives (SD)

142 chronically ill (CI)

32 children with cerebral palsy (CP)

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2,149schools offering

SPED programs

4 national special schools

450 private special schools

151 recognized Special EducationCenters

1,544 regular schools with SPED

programs

4,034 Special Classes

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Students with special needs

learning differences

mental health issues, specific

disabilities (physical or developmental

giftedness are those whose needs

are addressed within the classroom

setting.

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Special Education

refers specifically to students with learning

disabilities, mental conditions, and other

disabling conditions like:

Autism

Deaf

Blindness

Developmental Delay

Emotional Disturbance

Hearing Impaired

Learning Disabilities

Mental Retardation

Multiple Disabilities

Orthopedic Impairments

Other Health Impairments

Speech and Language ImpairedTraumatic Brain Injury

Visual Impairment

http://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.htmlhttp://www.naset.org/disabilitypopulatio2.0.html

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Autism

Autism is a brain development disordercharacterized by impaired social

interaction and communication, and by

restricted and repetitive behavior.

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Developmental Delay

Developmental delay refers to when a child'sdevelopment lags behind established normalranges for his or her age.

Sometimes the term is used formental

retardation, which is not a delay in developmentbut rather a permanent limitation.

Ex: If most children crawl by eight months of ageand walk by the middle of the second year, then

a child five or six months behind schedule inreaching these milestones may be classified asdevelopmentally delayed regarding mobility.

http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardationhttp://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/mental-retardation

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Emotional Disturbance

"...a condition exhibiting one or more of the following

characteristics over a long period of time and to amarked degree that adversely affects a child'seducational performance--

An inability to learn that cannot be explained byintellectual, sensory, or health factors. (B) An inability to

build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationshipswith peers and teachers.

Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normalcircumstances.

A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or

depression.A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fearsassociated with personal or school problems." [Code of FederalRegulations, Title 34, Section 300.7(c)(4)(i)]

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Hearing Impaired

Learning Disabilities -refer to a group of

disorders that affect a broad range ofacademic and functional skills including

the ability to speak, listen, read, write,

spell, reason and organize information

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_%28sense%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_%28process%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_%28sense%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communication

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There are several biological and psychological

factors that can affect speech. Among these are:

Diseases and disorders of the lungs or the vocal cords, includingparalysis, respiratory infections, vocal fold nodules and cancers of thelungs and throat.

Diseases and disorders of the brain, including alogia, aphasias,dysarthria, dystonia and speech processing disorders, where impairedmotor planning, nerve transmission, phonological processing orperception of the message (as opposed to the actual sound) leads topoor speech production.Hearing problems, such as otitis media effusion can lead tophonological problems.

Articulatory problems, such as stuttering, lisping, cleft palate, ataxia, ornerve damage leading to problems in articulation. Tourette syndromeand tics can also affect speech. A lot of people also have a slurin their

voiceIn addition to aphasias, anomia and certain types ofdyslexia canimpede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression.Hearing impairments and deafness can be considered to fall into thiscategory.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_fold_noduleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28speech%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_palatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_impairmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_impairmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft_palatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_%28speech%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutteringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otitis_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystoniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysarthriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alogiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_fold_noduleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paralysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung

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Dysarthria

a motorspeech disorderresulting from neurologicalinjury, characterised by poor articulation (cf. aphasia: adisorder of the content of speech). Any of the speechsubsystems (respiration, phonation, resonance, prosody,articulation and movements of jaw and tongue) can be

affected.Dysarthric speech is due to some disorder in the nervoussystem, which in turn hinders control over, for example,the tongue, throat, lips or lungs. Swallowing problems(dysphagia) are often present.

Cranial nerves that control these muscles include thetrigeminal nerve's motor branch (V), the facial nerve(VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve(X), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagus_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossopharyngeal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigeminal_nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranial_nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphagiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosodyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorder

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Dystonia

is a neurologicalmovement disorderin

which sustained muscle contractions

cause twisting and repetitive movements

or abnormal postures.

The disorder may be inherited or caused

by other factors such as birth-related or

otherphysical trauma, infection, poisoning(e.g. lead poisoning) or reaction to drugs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_traumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurology

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Speech processingis the study ofspeechsignals and the processing methods of these signals.

The signals are usually processed in a digital representation wherebyspeech processing can be seen as the intersection ofdigital signalprocessing and natural language processing.

Speech processing can be divided into the following categories:Speech recognition, which deals with analysis of the linguistic content of a

speech signal.

Speaker recognition, where the aim is to recognize the identity of the speaker.Enhancement of speech signals, e.g. audio noise reduction.

Speech coding, a specialized form ofdata compression, is important in thetelecommunication area.

Voice analysis for medical purposes, such as analysis ofvocal loading anddysfunction of the vocal cords.

Speech synthesis: the artificial synthesis of speech, which usually meanscomputer-generated speech.

Speech enhancement: enhancing the perceptual quality of a speech signal byremoving the destructive effects of noise, limited capacity recordingequipment, impairments, etc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_%28social_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_noise_reductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speech_enhancement&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Speech_enhancement&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_synthesishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_cordshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_loadinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_codinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_noise_reductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_%28social_science%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_recognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_signal_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_%28information_theory%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_communication

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Mental Retardation

Mental retardation is a generalized,triarchic disorder, characterized bysubaverage cognitive functioning anddeficits in two or more adaptive behaviors

with onset before the age of 18.Once focused almost entirely on cognition,the definition now includes both a

component relating to mental functioningand one relating to the individual'sfunctional skills in their environment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive_behavior

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BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

Special Education Division (SPED)

Vision

The State, community and thefamily life hold a common visionfor the Filipino child with specialneeds:

he/she could be adequatelyprovided with basic education

education should fully realizehis/her own potentials fordevelopment and productivity aswell as being capable of self-expression of his/her rights in thesociety

he/she is God-loving and proud ofbeing a Filipino

The fundamentalprinciple of inclusiveschool is that allchildren should learntogether, wherever

possible, regardless ofany difficulties ordifferences they mayhave (The SalamancaStatement on

Principles, Policy andPractice in SpecialEducation).

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The Special Education Division has the

following functions:

Formulates policies, plans and programs for thepreparation of instructional materials, and evaluation ofprograms in special education;

Conducts studies and develops standards of programsand services for special learners;

Plans for prototype in-service education programs toupgrade the competencies of administrators,supervisors, coordinators, teachers as well as the non-teaching special education personnel; and

Establishes/strengthens linkages with agenciesconcerned with the education and welfare of childrenwith special needs.

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(PPHB) is an attached office of the SPED Division. It is tasked

to:Produce Braille books and other education materials;

Produce Braille printing materials; and

Distribute Braille books and supplies to regions/divisions/schools with programs for the visually impaired children andyouth.

Basic English Braille Braille Computer

The Philippine Printing House for the Blind (PPHB)

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Thrust

Institutionalization of SPED Programs forChildren with Special Needs (CSNs)

Approaches:

Establishment of SPED Centers as Resource

Centers

Training of Trainers on SPED

Provision of Technical Assistance on the

Organization/Expansion of Services for CSNsMonitoring and Evaluation of Program

Implementation

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special education has been provided in one,

or a combination, of the following ways:

Inclusion -Regular education classes combined with specialeducation services

students with special needs are educated with their typicallydeveloping peers for at least half of the day. In a full inclusion model,specialized services are provided within a regular classroom by

sending the service provider in to work with one or more students intheir regular classroom setting.

In a partial inclusion model, specialized services are providedoutside a regular classroom. In this case, the student occasionallyleaves the regular classroom to attend smaller, more intensive

instructional sessions, or to receive other related service such asspeech and language therapy, occupational and/or physical therapy,and social work.

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Mainstreaming

Regular education classes combined withspecial education classes

In this model, students with special needsare educated with their typically

developing peers during specific time

periods.

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Segregation (Self-Contained)

Full-time placement in a special education

classroom

In this model, students with special needs

spend no time with typically developing students.

Segregated students may attend the school as

their neighbors, but spend their time exclusivelyin a special-needs classroom. Alternatively,

these students may attend a special school.

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What is a special school?

A special school is a school catering to students whohave special educational needs due to learningdifficulties or physical disabilities.

may be specifically designed, staffed and resourced toprovide the appropriate special education for children

with additional needs.provide individualized education, addressing specific

needs. Student: teacher ratios are kept low, often 6:1 orlower depending upon the needs of the children.

also have other facilities for the development of childrenwith special needs, such as soft play areas, sensoryrooms, or swimming pools, which are vital for the therapyof certain conditions.

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Exclusion

A student who does not receive instructionin any school is said to be excluded.

Such exclusion may occur where there isno legal mandate for special educationservices.

It may also occur when a student is inhospital, homebound, or detained by the

criminal justice system.These students may receive one-on-oneinstruction or group instruction.

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Where can SPED Centers be

found?

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Special Tertiary Education

Program (STEP)

Special Certificate Programs

- served at the different colleges

- mainstreamed ( special studentstogether with the regular students)

- follows a regular schedule

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The hearingimpaired students are

assisted by a sign language interpreter

The visuallyimpaired with Braille readers

who are BEED students of the College of

Education major in Special Education

General Education courses of the Special

Certificate Programs are served at the

College of Education University SPED

Resource Center

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Special Certificate Programs

Computer application ( Engineering)Early childhood Education fro Speciallearners ( CED)

Food Service and Home Management(CHE)

Office & Library Technology (Univ. Lib)

Special Automotive Technology (CET)

Adaptive Computer & CommunicationTechnology ( USRC)

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Nothing you do for children is ever

wasted.They seem not to notice us,

covering averting our eyes, and

they seldom offer thanks. Butwhat we do for them is never

wasted.

Garrison Keillor

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Thank you

The sign for "thank you" is made by

touching your lips with the front of the

fingers of your right hand.

Your hand should be an "open-b."

Move your hand away from your face,

palms upward.

Smile.

Note: If you use two hands with this sign itmeans you are "very" grateful.

Note: This sign can also be interpreted to

mean "good."

http://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/g/good.htmhttp://www.lifeprint.com/asl101/pages-signs/g/good.htm