Date post: | 21-Dec-2015 |
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What is up with What is up with GW?GW?
(Global Warming)
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Tonight – 10/03Tonight – 10/03 RadiationRadiation EM radiation – universe, Sun, EM radiation – universe, Sun, EarthEarth
Global warmingGlobal warming
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The Two Kinds of Radiation
Electromagnet (EM) radiation – light in all its forms: gamma rays, X-rays, UV, visible, infrared, microwave, radio
Radiation from the decay of radioactive isotopes like U-235. This radiation consists of charged particles (helium nuclei and electrons) and gamma rays. This is the radiation that comes from nuclear weapons
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Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
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Everything is always emitting EM (glowing, whether we can see
it or not) because of its temperature
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Black-body Radiation
Black-body radiation is the radiation emitted by an object due to its temperature
The key fact about black-body radiation for us is that its wavelength is inversely proportional to the temperature of the radiator. So the hotter the object, the shorter the wavelength of the radiation it emits
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Cosmic Background Microwave Cosmic Background Microwave Radiation Radiation
NASA 8
Cosmic Microwave Background RadiationCosmic Microwave Background Radiation
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From Oak Ridge National Labs, a US government facility12
Global Warming Speak
Greenhouse effect – the atmosphere is transparent to EM radiation in the visible range. Some of this light coming from the Sun is reflected back into space, but some is absorbed by the Earth’s surface, which re-radiates in the infrared range. The atmosphere is NOT transparent to infrared radiation because “greenhouse gases” absorb these wavelengths and heat up
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Global Warming Speak
Greenhouse effect is good! Mean temperature on the moon is -4 °F at the same distance from sun as Earth because no atmosphere = no greenhouse effect!
Too much greenhouse effect is bad! Mean temperature on Venus is 867 °F because atmosphere is 96.5% CO2! At only ½ the distance from the sun, Mercury’s mean temperature is only 333 °F. 14
What’s the GW What’s the GW misconception?misconception?
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Global Warming Speak
Insolation – short for “incoming solar radiation”. This is the “energy in”.
Albedo – reflectivity. This results in energy out. Higher albedo = more light reflected back into space = more energy out. Snow, ice, and clouds have high albedo, land and oceans have low albedo
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Global Warming Speak
Greenhouse gases – water vapor, CO2, CH4 (methane), etc., i.e. gases that absorb infrared radiation and heat up
Positive feedback – systemic response to a stimulus that reinforces that stimulus. Think “spiraling out of control”. E.g. temperatures go up, melting high albedo glaciers, revealing low albedo ground, more insolation is absorbed, increasing rate of warming
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Global Warming Speak
Negative feedback – systemic response to a stimulus that counteracts the stimulus. Think “stabilizing influence”. E.g. temperature goes up, more evaporation, more high albedo clouds reflecting light into space, temperature goes down. This is a dubious example for a number of reasons
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