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What makes up the Universe?
• Subatomic particles• Atoms• Planets and planetoids• Planetary systems• Stars and star systems• Nebulas• Galaxies• Cluster• Supercluster
Galaxies are collections of stars with a common gravitational center.
Andromeda and the Milky Way by Hubble Space Telescope. www.nasa.gov
What is a galaxy?
There are 4 kinds of galaxies:
• Spiral• Barred spiral• Elliptical• Irregular
Perseus cluster of galaxies. scienceblogs.com
Spiral galaxy – central bulge of old stars with arms of young stars
Colliding spiral galaxies in Arp 274. apod.nasa.gov
Barred spiral galaxy – central rod of old stars with arms of young stars
Hubble observes NGC 1073. www.nasa.gov
Barred spiral galaxy – central rod of old stars with arms of young stars
Elliptical galaxy – spherical cluster of mostly old stars
Odd galaxy couple on space voyage. www.nasa.gov
Elliptical galaxy – spherical cluster of mostly old stars
Irregular galaxy – no recognizable shape
Starburst in a dwarf irregular galaxy. apod.nasa.gov
Irregular galaxy – no recognizable shape
Nebulas are clouds of gas and dust. They are the birthplace of stars and galaxies.
Pillar and jets. www.nasa.gov
What is a nebula?
There are 4 kinds of nebulas:
• Emission• Reflection• Dark• Planetary
Hubble’s lagoon. apod.nasa.gov
Emission nebulaEmission nebula – produces its own lightA beautiful Trifid. apod.nasa.gov
Reflection nebula
Reflecting Merope. apod.nasa.gov
Reflection nebula – reflects the light of neighboring stars
Dark nebula – blocks the light of stars behind it
Hubble observes the popular Horsehead nebula. www.spacetelescope.org
Planetary nebula – clouds of star material exhaled by a dying star
Hubble observes glowing, fiery shells of gas. www.nasa.gov
• Balls of hot gasses
• Produce own light through nuclear fusion
Andromeda and the Milky Way by Hubble Space Telescope. www.nasa.gov
What is a star?
There are 7 Star types:
• Oh• Boy• A• Failing• Grade• Kills• Me
Perseus cluster of galaxies. scienceblogs.com
Hot
Cold
Young
Old
Blue
Red
Small
Large
www.cmso.info.
The Solar System is the star system which has Sol for its center.
What is the Solar System?
The Milky Way. popchassid.com
Where is our Solar System?
Parts of the Solar System
• Sol• Inner planets• Asteroid belt• Outer planets• Kuiper Belt• Oort Cloud
The Solar System. solarsystem.nasa.gov
Solar sytsem. spaceplace.nasa.gov
Inner planets – Rocky planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)
• Thin atmosphere• Thick, rocky layers• Metallic cores
The Inner Planets. www.astronomy.ie
Outer planets – Gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus)
• Thick atmosphere• Thin rocky layers• Small metallic cores
The Outer Planets. www.astronomy.ie
The Solar System. www.astronomy.ie
How do planets move?
• Axial tilt• Rotation• Revolution
Axial tilt. en.wikipedia.org
Rotating Earth. superiorplatform.com
Revolving planet. oncirculation.com
Solar System in motion. myweb.rollins.edu
A planetoid is a rocky body orbiting the Sun. It is smaller than a planet.
Planetoids are also known as asteroids.
What is a planetoid?
Asteroid belt – region filled with rocky bodies orbiting the Sun
The asteroid belt. www.jpl.nasa.gov
Kuiper belt – outer region of planetoids orbiting the Sun (includes Pluto)
The Kuiper Belt. heasarc.nasa.gov
Oort Cloud – outermost group of planetoids forming a “shell” around the Sun
The Oort Cloud. spaceplace.nasa.gov
What are comets?
Orbit of a comet. www.nasa.gov
Comets. spaceplace.nasa.gov
Comets. neo.ssa.esa.int