What Motivated the Early What Motivated the Early Christian Health Missions?Christian Health Missions?

Anatomy of Transformation in Anatomy of Transformation in IndiaIndia

Dr.Vinod ShahDr.Vinod Shah

Presented at CCIH Annual Conference, May 29, 2005Presented at CCIH Annual Conference, May 29, 2005

Time orientation

SubjectiveVs

Objectivecultures

SupremacyOf family &Corruption

Women’s Disempowered

status

Body soul dissociation

Low trust versusHigh trust

Role-modelingCaring &

Relationship

Health

Factors that affectedthe health “caring”Culture.

Women’s disempowered statusWomen’s disempowered statusII

Pregnant women were not allowed Pregnant women were not allowed access to high caste practitionersaccess to high caste practitioners

Had to access low caste women Had to access low caste women traditional daistraditional dais

Dais were illiterate womenDais were illiterate women

The eldest son of the family pays his last respects to his deceased father before completing the customary rituals and putting torch to the funeral pyre.

Erotic sculptures abound & temple prostitution was one of the results

Decorated Sati from a Hero-stone (Mahasati Stone)

TBATBA Donkey ride for pregnant womenDonkey ride for pregnant women

Massaging/kneading the abdomenMassaging/kneading the abdomen

Pulling on the cordPulling on the cord

Cow dung as lubricantCow dung as lubricant

Took responsibility for female-feticide and Took responsibility for female-feticide and disposal of bodydisposal of body

No “caring culture”No “caring culture”

Lepers were burnt or buried aliveLepers were burnt or buried alive Sick in an “epidemic” were left to dieSick in an “epidemic” were left to die Female children were sold to buy Female children were sold to buy

food during an epidemicfood during an epidemic Mentally retarded, handicapped were Mentally retarded, handicapped were

chained to treeschained to trees Sick had no recourse to helpSick had no recourse to help

Caring not role modeled: Religion Caring not role modeled: Religion sans caring-IIsans caring-II

If I am at prayer…I will not leave my prayer and go to help someone…I don’t think it is important.If I leave my god and my karma and help someone then my god will get angry…my karma will be lost…

Did god role model healing?Did god role model healing?There is no such example

of God role modeling healing

IMPORTANCE OF THE BODY & THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BODY & THE BODY SOUL DISSOCIATION-IIIBODY SOUL DISSOCIATION-III

THE JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXTTHE JUDEO CHRISTIAN CONTEXT

The Judeo Christian view would think The Judeo Christian view would think of the person as one of the person as one ““wholewhole””

The body had intrinsic dignity however The body had intrinsic dignity however deformed or diseased. Even in death, deformed or diseased. Even in death, the body needed to be respectedthe body needed to be respected

One of the most difficult austerities a practitioner can attempt is to hold his arm upright in the air for twelve years. It is said that if successfully completed, the practice results in the attainment of supernatural powers

Perhaps the most well known austerity is lying on a bed of sharp nails to overcome the limitations of the physical body.

Offerings are made to a mediator who is buried up to the neck in sand. He suppresses the sensations of the flesh while attempting to free his mind through meditation.

High and low trust societiesHigh and low trust societiesSENSE OF COMMUNITY-IVSENSE OF COMMUNITY-IV

IMPACT ON HEALTH/ ECONOMICS

ACCORDING TO FRANCIS FUKUYOMA.

Author of book on Trust

THE ORTHODOX INDIAN THE ORTHODOX INDIAN CONTEXTCONTEXT

SOLITARY WORSHIP

LOW TRUST SOCIETIES

LESS SPONTANEOUSSOCIALIBILITY

LESS SOCIAL CAPITAL

FAMILY BUSINESS ONLY

LESS WEALTH CREATION

Cont.Cont.

Subjective culture vs ObjectiveSubjective culture vs ObjectiveLow O/S ratio-VLow O/S ratio-V

We believe that each organ of the body is influenced by some deity.

When we deviate from the path of religion …the gods leave our side.

This is why we fall sick..

Subjective cultures versus Subjective cultures versus Objective culturesObjective cultures

SubjectiveSubjective ObjectiveObjective

Changing standardsChanging standards AbsolutesAbsolutes

Non-shared standardsNon-shared standards Widely shared Widely shared standardsstandards

Kings/Leaders above Kings/Leaders above StandardsStandards

Standards above Standards above Kings/LeadersKings/Leaders

Oral tradition; Oral tradition; scripture not rooted scripture not rooted in historyin history

Documentary Documentary tradition; rooted in tradition; rooted in historyhistory

Subjective cultures do not support Subjective cultures do not support scientific development becausescientific development because

Interpret reality subjectivelyInterpret reality subjectively

Access knowledge subjectivelyAccess knowledge subjectively

Subjective attitudes in justice and Subjective attitudes in justice and gendergender

Indian religions…Indian religions…

In their fundamentals were subjective In their fundamentals were subjective till Global influences reached them.till Global influences reached them.

WASAV (Widely Accepted & Shared WASAV (Widely Accepted & Shared Absolute Values) characterize an Absolute Values) characterize an objective culture and needed for objective culture and needed for development.development.

Polytheistic idolatry does not produce a Polytheistic idolatry does not produce a WASAV culture.WASAV culture.

Family versus truth-VIFamily versus truth-VI

A father and a husband is like

a God

Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***Country Rank Country 2004 CPI Score* Confidence Range** Surveys Used***

1 Finland 9,7 9.5 - 9.8 9

2 New Zealand 9,6 9.4 - 9.6 9

3 Denmark 9,5 9.3 - 9.7 10

Iceland 9,5 9.4 - 9.7 8

5 Singapore 9,3 9.2 - 9.4 13

6 Sweden 9,2 9.1 - 9.3 11

7 Switzerland 9,1 8.9 - 9.2 10

8 Norway 8,9 8.6 - 9.1 9

9 Australia 8,8 8.4 - 9.1 15

10 Netherlands 8,7 8.5 - 8.9 10

11 United Kingdom 8,6 8.4 - 8.8 12

12 Canada 8,5 8.1 - 8.9 12

13 Austria 8,4 8.1 - 8.8 10

Luxembourg 8,4 8.0 - 8.9 7

15 Germany 8,2 8.0 - 8.5 11

16 Hong Kong 8,0 7.1 - 8.5 13

Family values & corruptionFamily values & corruption

o Scale of familism (World Values Scale of familism (World Values survey code book 1994 & World Bank survey code book 1994 & World Bank statistics)statistics)

o Correlates well with the CPICorrelates well with the CPI.(Regression .(Regression analysis)analysis)

o Tribalism- Africa and IndiaTribalism- Africa and India

Women’s transformation

Transformation ofRitualistic Hinduism& Jainism

RoleModeling of care

Sustainabilityof transformation

What did the Christian Medical missionaries do?

Women’s healthWomen’s health

Women medical missionaries Women medical missionaries ushered in “caring” for womenushered in “caring” for women

Women in India did not access Women in India did not access hospitalshospitals

Only home visits allowed and that Only home visits allowed and that only by women doctorsonly by women doctors

Maharani’s locketMaharani’s locket

Elizabeth Bielby-1880Elizabeth Bielby-1880 Maharani of PannaMaharani of Panna Locket message to Locket message to

The QueenThe Queen

““The women of IndiaThe women of India

Suffer greatly”Suffer greatly”

SOME POINEER WOMEN MEDICAL MISSIONARIES IN INDIADuring the late 19th Century and early part of 20th Century

Name of Women Year of Affiliation to Mission Place of work Arrival1. Clara Swain 1870 American Methodist Mission Bareilly, UP.

2. Sara Seward 1871 American Presbyterian Allahabad, UP

Mission3. Seeyle 1871 Women’s Missionary Calcutta, WB Society of America

4. Sarah Norriss 1873 American Board of Medical Women ---

5. Rose Greenfield 1875 Society for female Education in the east, UK Ludhiana, Punjab

6. Elizebeth Bielby 1876 Zenana Bible and Medical Mission UK. Lucknow, UP

7. Ms Hewlett 1877 England Zenana Mission Punjab

8. Ellen Mitchell 1878 American Baptist Board Burma

9. Fanny Butler 1880 Church of England Jabalpur, Mp.

10. Ida Faye 1881 American Baptist Mission Nellore, AP.

11. Anna Kugler 1883 Lutheran Mission, US Guntur, AP.

12. Elizabeth Beatty 1884 United Church of Canadian Mission Indore, MP.

13. Mana White 1886 United Presbyterian Church of America Siakot, (Jammu Border)14. Jessie Carelton 1887 American Presbyterian Board Ambala, Punjab.

15. Matilda Machphail 1887 Free Church of Scotland Madras, TN

16. Ottoman 1890 Baptist Missionary Society Ganjam, Orissa

Name of Women Year of Affiliation to Mission Place of work Arrival

Name of Women Year of Affiliation to Mission Place of work Arrival17. Edith Brown 1893 Society for Female Education in the East, UK Ludhiana, Punjab

18. Alene Calkins 1895 American Friends Mission Chhatrapur, UP.

19. Pearl Chute 1896 Canadian Baptist Mission Akkividu, AP.

20. Ida S Scudder 1900 Arcot American Mission Vellore, TN.

21. Gertude Hulet 1904 Canadian Baptist Mission Vuyyuru, AP.

22. Charlotte Pring 1915 Godavari Delta Mission Narsapur, AP.

23. Catherine ? American Methodist Episc. Board Jagadalpur, MP.

24. Annie Mackay 1926 Free Church of Scotland Lakhnadon, MP.

25. Katherine Lehmann 1928 ? Renigunta, AP.

Ida ScudderIda Scudder

Not a medical college but the Not a medical college but the kingdom of Godkingdom of God

(1918)(1918)

Catherine-Methodist church-Catherine-Methodist church-redefined accessredefined access

One Dr Catherine from the Methodist One Dr Catherine from the Methodist church in the US travelled bychurch in the US travelled by

• Ship for 6 months to BombayShip for 6 months to Bombay• To Raipur by train for a weekTo Raipur by train for a week• Horse by several days to access the Horse by several days to access the

mission station called Bastarmission station called Bastar• Methodist hospital built in 1892.Methodist hospital built in 1892.• Largest Methodist congregation in IndiaLargest Methodist congregation in India

Transformation of womenTransformation of women

The highest number of women doctors in The highest number of women doctors in the worldthe world

India is a huge “nurse factory”India is a huge “nurse factory” 1947-95% of all nurses were Christian!1947-95% of all nurses were Christian!

All traceable to the women’s medical All traceable to the women’s medical colleges and nursing schools established colleges and nursing schools established by the missionariesby the missionaries

Ancient India did not have a culture Ancient India did not have a culture of “care”of “care”

By a “caring culture” I mean formalized By a “caring culture” I mean formalized caring eg. Orphanages/hospitalscaring eg. Orphanages/hospitals

Religion was divorced from “loving your Religion was divorced from “loving your neighbor”neighbor”

No hospitals existed except during the No hospitals existed except during the time of King Asoka in 2time of King Asoka in 2ndnd century BC century BC

Arya Vaidya Shalas existed for outpatient Arya Vaidya Shalas existed for outpatient care for the privilegedcare for the privileged

In what was a caring “void”In what was a caring “void”

Christian Medical missionaries Christian Medical missionaries ushered in a culture of careushered in a culture of care

• The first hospital (Royal The first hospital (Royal hospital,Goa)in 1514 AD and then hospital,Goa)in 1514 AD and then thousands afterwards..thousands afterwards..

• Orphanages…home for widows…Orphanages…home for widows…• Sanatoria for TB, leprosy homes and Sanatoria for TB, leprosy homes and

hospitalshospitals• Programs for epidemic carePrograms for epidemic care

Social work in India…Social work in India…

The kind of missionary work which we see in Christianity …that kind of this did not exist in India for a very long time.

Now the social work being done in India…those going out to help and serve others is all because of missionary & global influences.

By 1940 AD….By 1940 AD….

There were 2000 Christian hospitals There were 2000 Christian hospitals in Indiain India

Close to 40% of all beds were made Close to 40% of all beds were made up of Christian hospitalsup of Christian hospitals

TB sanatoria and leprosy institutions TB sanatoria and leprosy institutions were predominantly Christian were predominantly Christian

Dr. Alexander Duff 1806-78Dr. Alexander Duff 1806-78

Pioneer missionary educationist Pioneer missionary educationist English education can have a English education can have a

transformative effect on the Indian societytransformative effect on the Indian society Scripture education introduced but made Scripture education introduced but made

optionaloptional ““Downward filter theory”-working with Downward filter theory”-working with

High castesHigh castes Schools and colleges -Calcutta, Madras Schools and colleges -Calcutta, Madras

and Bombayand Bombay

Christians ushered in a culture of Christians ushered in a culture of “care”“care”

Started many NGO’s that looked at Started many NGO’s that looked at specific needs of the poor and specific needs of the poor and provided succorprovided succor

Role modeled caringRole modeled caring

Taught “caring”Taught “caring”

Welfare-Social capital did not existWelfare-Social capital did not exist

The only safety net for the poor wasThe only safety net for the poor was

o The joint familyThe joint family

o Individual philanthropy andIndividual philanthropy and

o The caste systemThe caste system

The concept of the voluntary The concept of the voluntary sector….sector….

Indian culture did not have this Indian culture did not have this concept of “volunteerism”concept of “volunteerism”

““Activism” for change was also not a Activism” for change was also not a part of Indian culture. (Barring a few part of Indian culture. (Barring a few exceptions no activists for social exceptions no activists for social change) change)

The concept of the ”voluntary” The concept of the ”voluntary” sector…..sector…..

Christian missionaries pioneered the NPO Christian missionaries pioneered the NPO and NGO sector (Pande 1967,Terry 1983)and NGO sector (Pande 1967,Terry 1983)

1810-1947 This time saw the emergence 1810-1947 This time saw the emergence of major Christian voluntary sector church of major Christian voluntary sector church based and non-church based. (NGO’s)based and non-church based. (NGO’s)

Hospitals, Schools, Orphanages and other Hospitals, Schools, Orphanages and other welfare institutions flourished.welfare institutions flourished.

As a result …1825 onwardsAs a result …1825 onwards Many Hindu bourgeoisie who studied in Many Hindu bourgeoisie who studied in

English medium schoolsEnglish medium schools

Started social reform organizations for the Started social reform organizations for the purpose of “caring”purpose of “caring”

• Care of widows & remarriageCare of widows & remarriage

• Care of orphans & preventing child Care of orphans & preventing child marriage marriage

The many champions of “caring”The many champions of “caring”

Some were ChristiansSome were Christians

Some liked “Christian” values but Some liked “Christian” values but were not Christianswere not Christians

Most were provoked by the Christian Most were provoked by the Christian gospel to “care” but remained gospel to “care” but remained Hindus Hindus

Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1774-1833)Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1774-1833)founder of “Brahmo Samaj”founder of “Brahmo Samaj”

A Hindu reformer and visionary,A Hindu reformer and visionary, Roy is considered by manyRoy is considered by many as the father of modern India.as the father of modern India. Oil Painting by Atul BoseOil Painting by Atul Bose

Raja Ram drew inspiration from Raja Ram drew inspiration from William CareyWilliam Carey

“The first feminist”

Rishi Dayanand Saraswati 1824-83Rishi Dayanand Saraswati 1824-83

Founded Arya SamajFounded Arya Samaj

Spoke against idol-worship, casteism and Spoke against idol-worship, casteism and female subjugationfemale subjugation

Assassinated in 1883 ADAssassinated in 1883 AD

The prime object of the arya samaj is to do good; that is to promote physical, social &spiritual goodfor everyone

Satyasodhak Samaj- Jyotirao Satyasodhak Samaj- Jyotirao Phule-1875Phule-1875

Educated in “The Scottish mission Educated in “The Scottish mission school”school”

Became a great educationistBecame a great educationist

Started “caring”institutionsStarted “caring”institutions

Ishwarchandra VidyasagarIshwarchandra Vidyasagar

From 1854-55 he single-handedly From 1854-55 he single-handedly wedged a battle against the wedged a battle against the extremist of the Hindu society and extremist of the Hindu society and insisted in the implementation of the insisted in the implementation of the Widow-Remarriage ActWidow-Remarriage Act in 1856. in 1856.

As a result Indian religions wereAs a result Indian religions werechallenged to reformchallenged to reform

Vivekananda brought in a Vivekananda brought in a new understanding of new understanding of

HinduismHinduism

Indian reformerIndian reformer Vivekananda 1863-1902Vivekananda 1863-1902

Father was given to reciting from the Bible-for Father was given to reciting from the Bible-for amusement!amusement!

Studied in Presidency college-CalcuttaStudied in Presidency college-Calcutta Later in Scottish church college studied English Later in Scottish church college studied English

literature and western logic which brought into literature and western logic which brought into sharp focus the short comings of Indian societysharp focus the short comings of Indian society

Was influenced by Raja Ram Mohan Roy also.Was influenced by Raja Ram Mohan Roy also.

VivekanandaVivekananda

He elevated the status of the service He elevated the status of the service of fellow beings to the level of real of fellow beings to the level of real worship of God. (PS Kamanant) worship of God. (PS Kamanant)

Established Ramakrishna mission Established Ramakrishna mission which began caringwhich began caring

Ramakrishna mission was a Ramakrishna mission was a reformist reaction to the Christian reformist reaction to the Christian

“caring”“caring” CalcuttaRamakrishna M. Institute of Ramakrishna M. Institute of

CultureAdvaitaAdvaita Ashram CalcuttaSRMSri CultureAdvaitaAdvaita Ashram CalcuttaSRMSri Ramakrishna Math Ramakrishna Math CalcuttaNarendrapurRamakrishna Mission College CalcuttaNarendrapurRamakrishna Mission College UdbodhanMother's HouseVidyapithRamakrishna UdbodhanMother's HouseVidyapithRamakrishna VidyapithNew DelhiRamakrishna VidyapithNew DelhiRamakrishna MissionRajkot/GujaratRamakrishna Mission MissionRajkot/GujaratRamakrishna Mission AshramChennaiRamakrishna Math Mylapore AshramChennaiRamakrishna Math Mylapore ChennaiRamakrishna Mission ChennaiRamakrishna Mission AshramItanagarRamakrishna Mission Hospital AshramItanagarRamakrishna Mission Hospital APVidyapithRamakrishna Vidyapith APVidyapithRamakrishna Vidyapith ChennaiChengalpattuRamakrishna Mission Tamil ChennaiChengalpattuRamakrishna Mission Tamil NaduMaduraiRamakrishna Math NaduMaduraiRamakrishna Math CoimbatoreRamakrishna Mission Vidyalaya CoimbatoreRamakrishna Mission Vidyalaya

Ramakrishna mission localeRamakrishna mission locale BangaloreVivekananda BangaloreVivekananda

AshramKochiRamakrishna Math, AshramKochiRamakrishna Math, KeralaRanchiRamakrishna KeralaRanchiRamakrishna MissionKaladiRamakrishna Advaita Ashram MissionKaladiRamakrishna Advaita Ashram KeralaPuneRamakrishna Math and KeralaPuneRamakrishna Math and MissionHydrabadRamakrishna MissionHydrabadRamakrishna MathVaranasiRamakrishna M.- Home of MathVaranasiRamakrishna M.- Home of Service RKMRamakrishna Service RKMRamakrishna VidyashalaKayamkulamSri Ramakrishna VidyashalaKayamkulamSri Ramakrishna Ashram, KeralaJharkhandTB Sanatorium - Ashram, KeralaJharkhandTB Sanatorium - RanchiMangaloreRamakrishna Mission RanchiMangaloreRamakrishna Mission AshramAshram

VivekanandaVivekananda

Swami Vivekananda wrote in one of Swami Vivekananda wrote in one of his letters : his letters :

A hundred thousand men and A hundred thousand men and women, will go over the length and women, will go over the length and breadth of the land, preaching the breadth of the land, preaching the Gospel of salvation, the Gospel Gospel of salvation, the Gospel of help, the Gospel of social of help, the Gospel of social raising-up -- the Gospel of raising-up -- the Gospel of equalityequality. .

Karsondas Mulji-1832-71Karsondas Mulji-1832-71

Social Reformer, Educationist, Writer, Social Reformer, Educationist, Writer, PamphleteerPamphleteer

While in Elphinstone college…. While in Elphinstone college…. influenced by missionary John Wilsoninfluenced by missionary John Wilson

The Primitive Religion of the Hindus The Primitive Religion of the Hindus and the Present Heterodox Opinions and the Present Heterodox Opinions in his journal led to the famous in his journal led to the famous Maharaja LibelMaharaja Libel

Widow remarriage-helped manyWidow remarriage-helped many

Micheal MadusudandasMicheal MadusudandasEnglish and Bengali writerEnglish and Bengali writer

1824-1876 AD- became a Christian1824-1876 AD- became a Christian

Both ‘The Captive Lady’ and ‘Visions of the Past’ Both ‘The Captive Lady’ and ‘Visions of the Past’ were written under the pen name Timothy.were written under the pen name Timothy.

Editor of “The Hindu Patriot”. He composed Editor of “The Hindu Patriot”. He composed Bengali plays such as ‘Sharmistha’, ‘Ekey Bole Bengali plays such as ‘Sharmistha’, ‘Ekey Bole Savyata’, ‘Buro Shaliker Ghare Ro’, Savyata’, ‘Buro Shaliker Ghare Ro’, ‘Krishnakumari’ and ‘Padmabati’.‘Krishnakumari’ and ‘Padmabati’.

In most of his plays, he criticized the lack of In most of his plays, he criticized the lack of “caring” present in the society. “caring” present in the society.

Dadabhai Naoroji 1824-1917Dadabhai Naoroji 1824-1917

Grand Old Man of IndiaGrand Old Man of India Studied in Elphinstone college-Studied in Elphinstone college-

influenced by Dr Wilsoninfluenced by Dr Wilson Went from door to door Went from door to door

recruiting girl studentsrecruiting girl students Freedom fighter-concerned Freedom fighter-concerned for womenfor women Member of the house of Member of the house of

commonscommons

Initially Jains were into hospitals for Initially Jains were into hospitals for birds and animals onlybirds and animals only

Jain Bird hospital in Old DelhiJain Bird hospital in Old Delhi Gaushalas are “old age homes” for Gaushalas are “old age homes” for

cowscows

Jains now have many hospitalsJains now have many hospitals

Bombay- Nanavati hospital, Sarvoday Bombay- Nanavati hospital, Sarvoday hospital, Matunga hospital, Lilavati hospital, Matunga hospital, Lilavati hospital, Cardiac hospital in Matunga are hospital, Cardiac hospital in Matunga are all Jain. all Jain.

Surat Mahavir hospital is JainSurat Mahavir hospital is Jain Ahmedabad Vadilal Sarabhai hospital is Ahmedabad Vadilal Sarabhai hospital is

Jain. Jain. Sri AmarJain hospital- JaipurSri AmarJain hospital- Jaipur Bhagwan MahavirJain Hospital-BangaloreBhagwan MahavirJain Hospital-Bangalore

In personal conversation with JainsIn personal conversation with Jains

We (Jains) will not survive as a We (Jains) will not survive as a religion unless we begin to care like religion unless we begin to care like the missionaries..the missionaries..

Now Jains go abroad and raise money Now Jains go abroad and raise money from the US and the UK for their from the US and the UK for their hospitals and projectshospitals and projects

Emergence of Gandhian NGO’sEmergence of Gandhian NGO’s

From 1947 to 1960 onwards many From 1947 to 1960 onwards many new Gandhian NGO’s were started new Gandhian NGO’s were started Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh was Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh was started at the behest of Gandhi.started at the behest of Gandhi.

““Shame on us…why should Shame on us…why should missionaries… (Gandhi)missionaries… (Gandhi)

Mushrooming of NGO’s…Mushrooming of NGO’s…

Church related and Christian Church related and Christian voluntary organizations led the way voluntary organizations led the way for the mushrooming of NGO’s for the mushrooming of NGO’s

Though not all the NGO’s are into Though not all the NGO’s are into welfare more than 100,000 NGO’s welfare more than 100,000 NGO’s are into some form of caring are into some form of caring

Ripple effectRipple effect

Activists

Women’s

status

Training

Christian Hospitals

Restructured

Hinduism

Xian NGO’s

Transformation

Non-Xian hospitals

Other caring NGO’s

Advocacy

Doctors & Nurses

Man power for

mission

Disaster 1947 onwards..Disaster 1947 onwards..

700 Protestant hospitals in India700 Protestant hospitals in India

Many Indian trained D & NMany Indian trained D & N

No visionary leaders!!No visionary leaders!!

400 Xian hospitals closed in 40 years400 Xian hospitals closed in 40 years

Missionary failure- Developed programsbut not people

1 RUNNING PROGRAMS PEOPLE BUILDING

2 Programs produces visible quick impact

Harder and longer process involving several years

3 Anyone with skill can run programs

Requires rapport with people and will not happen unless you are a authentic human being

4 Requires lot of capital for infrastructure specially in the healing ministry

Does not require large capital for infrastructure

5 Not sustainable after the pioneer has retired

Long term – very sustainable & greater impact

6 All about performing tasks or a task

All about creating a visionary

Paradigm shift

Programme Development to People Development - 2

Jesus – “Follow me and I will make you fishers of men”.

Development of people more strategic than programs.

Budgets do not reflect this – more used for programs.

Learning from history – Disaster in India

Paradigm shift

Medical Missions - Custodians Medical Missions - Custodians of the Culture of Careof the Culture of Care

3 Types of Caring3 Types of Caring– Commercial caringCommercial caring– Professional caringProfessional caring– Christian caringChristian caring

Christian Caring

Commercial

Professio

nal

Christian caring

Professional

Commercial

Either way Christian caring is an endangered phenomenon

India West