What to Make in My Makerspace

What to Make in My MakerspacePutting the Laboratory Back in the Library

1

SpeakersSharon Bradley, Special Collections LibrarianUniversity of Georgia School of LawLiz Holdsworth, MakerSpace CoordinatorUniversity of Georgia Libraries

2

Research Guidelibguides.law.uga.edu/seaall2016

3

Christopher Columbus LangdaleCase methodStandard 1L curriculumBlind gradingExperimentation and researchSEAALL 2015

The title makes reference to Christopher Columbus Langdell, the Dean of Harvard Law School for 25 years, from 1870 to 1895

Dean Langdell's greatest innovation was his introduction of the case method of instruction. Until 1890, no other U.S. law school used this method, which is now standard. Moreover, the standard first-year curriculum at all American law schools Contracts, Property, Torts, Criminal Law, and Civil Procedure stands, mostly unchanged, from the curriculum Langdell instituted.

Langdell, who came from a relatively unknown family, was conscious of the fact that students from more privileged backgrounds often received higher grades in their coursework purely because of their family's wealth and social status. Dean Langdell instituted the process of blind grading, now common at U.S. law schools, so that students already known by professors or from esteemed families would have no advantage over others.

Langdell saw law as a science. A science is studied at its source, and for Langdell the source of law was court opinions. Langdell proposed that law students must be given some means of experimentation and research by which they might cut through the excessive verbiage of black-letter rules and discover the fundamental scientific axioms that ought to be used in studying, teaching, and judging the law. By analyzing and discussing the primary sources like court opinions the student would be able to extract legal principles. Casebooks became the students' manual. Students learned through their ability to reason and recognize the science of the law.

"Law, considered as a science, consists of certain principles or doctrines. To have a mastery of these as to be able to apply them with constant facility and certainty to the ever-tangled skein of human affairs, is what constitutes a true lawyer.

Langdell thought that the law library was the proper workshop of professors and students alike; that it is to us all that the laboratories of the university are to the chemists and physicists, the museum of natural history to the zoologists, the botanical gardens to the botanists.

Christopher Langdell

Law Libraries and Laboratories: The Legacies of Langdell and His Metaphor 107 L. Lib. J. 7 (2015) Winter 2015Danner, Richard A.

SEAALL 2015 program Taking Langdell Literally: The Law Library as Technology LaboratoryAmanda Watson (Tulane), Carla Wale (Georgetown), Todd Venie (Florida)Particularly focused on the increasing importance of preparing our students with adequate technology skills4

Makerspace at UGADescribe the process for establishing the space, finding the physical space itselfEfforts to determine potential user needsHow was it decided what would be includedType of support from the university or other unitsThe role of the faculty, do they send students, make assignmentsFuture plans, lessons learned

Questions I asked Liz to address5

LizHoldsworthMakerSpace in the UGA science Library

From the Office of the Vice President of ResearchConsisted of two Solidoodle Press 3D printers, MakerBot Digitizer 3D scanner, Full Spectrum laser cutter, Dell PC, Arduino Uno and Raspberry Pi microcontrollers, littleBits set, art suppliesChosen by PhD candidate in Engineering Education

Original Gift

UGA LibrariesAdministrationFacilitiesAccess ServicesReferenceSystemsSecurityCampusOffice of the Vice President for ResearchDriftmier EngineeringCenter for Teaching and LearningOffice of SustainabilityPartners

Science Reference TeamGrant from Center of Teaching and LearningMakerBot Replicator, filament, furniture, TV screenChosen by grant coordinator using listservs, product reviews, literature

Reference Librarians and MakerSpace ManagerProposal to Libraries AdministrationMakerBot Replicator, LulzBot, soldering irons, vinyl cutterChosen by grant coordinator and MakerSpace Manager using experience, listservs, product reviewsAdditions

Tends to correspond with existing equipment in departmentsJason Cantarella from Mathematicsweekly class useprovided own materialsforesees future useMelinda Brindley from Veterinary Medicinevirus models for demonstrationMary Hallam Pearse from the Lamar Dodd School of Artjewelry casting and tourstudents returned to make their own projects

Faculty use

Examples from Jason Cantarellas classMelissa Brindleys viruses

Student UseGraduatea growth medium for an experimental aquaponics programmosquito scoops for epidemiologytopographical maps for coastline ecologyUndergraduateArduino sensors for oyster bedsanatomical modelssatellite parts for NASA internshipscanning and printing fossils

Original gift not specifically tailored to the Science LibraryPhysical distance and administrative layers between the ordering process and the MakerSpaceDiffering priorities of stakeholdersChallenges

THE DreamMore curricular useAdditional involvement in the humanities and social sciencesRenovated and expanded MakerSpace

Why in a Law Library?Creativity & InnovationCollaboration & CommunityTechnical LiteracyPedagogy Goals of the Library

Generally the connection between libraries and makerspace trend

2010 Fayetteville Free Library (NY) Fab Lab credited as the first library based makerspace, make technology more accessible to the general publicMake technology more accessible to the law school community? What kind of technology might that be? 3D printers seem really cool but could I actually make an argument that we should have one?

I started doing a lot of reading, I attended a program that Liz presented at the UGA Science Library and asked her to be part of this program. So I eventually concluded that I could make an argument for a makerspace in the law library for a lot of different reasons.

15

Creativity/InnovationSerious business of educationLack of creativity in legal educationBring on the 5-year-oldsPotential stress reduction

I dont think there would be much disagreement that legal education is a little short on creative approaches to teaching and learning. Its usually the library that is willing to try new things but that attitude does not necessarily spill over to our faculty.

Learning theorists talk about the importance of play in a learning environment. But in law schools weve pretty much managed to suck out any sense of play or joy. Its that serious business of education and the serious business of student loans and finding a job.

Cory Doctorow in his book Makers talks about unleashing the 5-year-old kid. Maybe with a makerspace or innovation space we could encourage our students to play which in turn could aid in real learning leading to innovation and creativity.

How many of us put out puzzles, games and other do-dads as stress busters during finals. How about we bump that up to something more sophisticated. Five minute brain challenges or gaming challenges between students with prizes.

Library Innovation Law at Harvard Law School, housed in Langdell Hallhttp://librarylab.law.harvard.edu/The Library Innovation Lab is a forward-looking group of thinkers and doers working at the intersection of libraries, technology, and law. About projects within the library, how the library can better deliver services to patrons or create better digitization projects.

16

Collaboration & CommunityRelevancy?In-houseAcross campusIn broader community

Relevancy?I really dont like that we still talk about proving the relevance of the library. We still have webinars on the topic. But I dont think weve been more relevant. The programs at this meeting demonstrate the great ideas we have. The CALI Conference for Law School Computing is a great place to think about new ideas.

But I do think that we need to take those ideas beyond the library walls. Down the halls to the schools administrative office, across campus to the university libraries.

In-HouseMost law schools tend to focus on the law school community, the role that each department plays in the success of the school. Our new Dean is very good at that. But going back to that relevance issue we should also be sure to look at the broader community of the campus, the town, the bar association. Most promotion criteria have requirements of service to the institution and service to the profession, maybe service to broader communities. Across CampusCan we partner with other units on campus? We provide the space, they provide the equipment, or vice-versa? Perhaps another department can provide student workers to monitor the makerspace and train users. One of the plusses to an academic campus is that there are lots of people with lots of skills

Law libraries are not always as welcoming as we could be to those outside the law school community. But a makerspace is a natural Co-working space 2 or more individuals in same space. But what if those individuals are not all law students but engineering, landscape architecture, even art students. We become more relevant the wider our reach and influence.

Broader CommunityServe the/our community > good makerspace should grow out of the community; encouraging learning

When people come to makerspace for the first time what do they expect? Burke 12 Our makerspace should reflect the community we are trying to address.

17

Technical LiteracyStill not doing enoughAutomation of routine tasksBasic practice management tasksImproving general analytical skills

Not doing enough

In 2000 the ABA established an eLawyering Task Force within what is now the Law Practice Division (LP). Its mission has been to alert the profession to the challenges of practicing in an era of technological change and to advance knowledge about how lawyers can both prosper and advance access to justice by leveraging new electronic tools and media.

Then members of that task force were recommending that law schools update their law practice management and legal technology courses to reflect the impact that the Internet would have on the practice of law. By 2014, the authors of an article on the ABA website found that only a small number of schools have made a sustained commitment to do so, and many neglect the technology of practice entirely.

Automation of routine tasks

Job redundancy: the world can always use more coders. When we all get replaced by machines, someone will have to write the programs that do our jobs for usNo lawyer wants to be replaced by technology. However, technology has long since been automating legal tasks. For instance, we have been conducting legal research by using search engines with complex algorithms versus going to libraries and thumbing leather-bound books; e-discovery tools automatically sift through millions of pages to identify relevant documents; for decades, redlining software has been performing document comparison, a process previously done by hand. We often take for granted automated tasks precisely because we no longer have to concern ourselves with doing them manually.

Ability to do this things has been around but our students are not learning them. Creating Table of Contents, Table of Authorities

Basic Practice Management TasksNew forms of literacy: design, programming, video editing, book writing, website building

Learn programing?Making websitesOnline portfoliosE-books

Communication: we interact with a lot of people who do understand code on an increasingly frequent basis: our IT folks, faculty, peers, vendors, our children, etc. Code might not be a big part of your life, but it is a growing part of other peoples lives.

Protect privacy for themselves and clients

Improving general analytical skillsProblem solving: If nothing else, learning how to program helps hone your problem solving and logical thinking skills. It helps you break down problems and solutions into their constituent parts and conceptualize their relationships better. Of course youre thinking more like a machine at that point, but some problems lend themselves to being solved by a T1000 instead of a lawyer.Help to learn to deconstruct

CodingCoding = literacyBeing able to read, being able to use a phone, being able to type, being able to use a computer, being able to use the internetCoding is the next phase (maybe) of being competent

WhyHow things workApple lawsuits, shouldnt a hacker be able to do thisBreaking codes > how does it workUnderstand whats underneathTake ownership of devices and technology

Dealing with e-waste, environmental issues, whats inside

18

General pedagogical reasonsInformal learningLearning theoriesOther educational traditionsFlipping classroomLearning styles

Informal learningHelp law students better understand technology; Makerspaces differ from hackerspace in less focus on programming, more focus on educationMS focus on learning and education vs. hackerspace hobbyists, fun, relaxation

Learning TheoriesI made a general reference to learning theory previous but Id like to spend just a small amount of time on that concept now. There are two well known learning theories that are particularly supportive to makerspacesParticipatory culture - enables people to work collaboratively; generate and disseminate news, ideas, and creative works; and connect with people who share similar goals and interests Henry JenkinsBiomedical > created items to use in simulating body functions or treating medical conditions; in the legal world patent attorneys learning about the devices they help their clients register or bring law suits, Personal injury or medical malpractice, how much more effective it might be to have models of the physical items in disputeWorkshops for attorneysConstructionism process of creating reinforces understanding of concept; Students learn through participation in project-based learning where they make connections between different ideas and areas of knowledge facilitated by the teacher through coaching rather than using lectures or step-by-step guidanceSeymour PapertStagesOne-off activities individual workshops or events, demo sessions or tech petting zooOngoing meetings recurring programs, regular groups; series of demos/workshops, earn prizes for attendanceTemporary tools and kitsClean labs dedicated space, modest noise, mild venting of fumesDirty labs louder, messier

Other educational traditionsMS borrow from traditions of career technical educationEnriches educational experience of those with different learning stylesEmbrace wider range of projects and materials

Flipping classroomA new way of flipping the classroom. If the essentials of flipped class is moving away from teacher at the front pushing to delivering content differently; in-class activity, the lab during class, the lecture outsideA librarian aims the students at the appropriate source of informationDevelop skills of analysisDetermine what skills you want students to have

Learning StylesEmbracing diversity of students and learning styles

19

Goals of the LibraryWhy are we here?Bring in new usersKeep the interest of current usersCommunity service

Why are we hereDavid Lankes in The Atlas of New Librarianship (p. 15) writes that librarianship was not founded on materials but outcome and learning and weve become overly focused on the stuff. So maybe a makerspace could be a mechanism to get us back to that more noble purpose. I do want to emphasis that a makerspace is a mechanism or a tool not the end goalLibrary as place for creating, not just accessing, informationLibrarian as facilitator, learn by doing

Bring in new users/Keep our current usersBring in non-traditional audience, Bring in new people, not becoming closed circleCreating interest in those who come in the library; a way to get them inBuilding interest 3d printerOffer programming on technologies and topicsProvide space to use for activities

Unclear where theyre going; influence the future of librariesSocial activities > providing learning opportunitiesGroup training on creative activities could our training (Lexis, WL, databases) be more creative in a different space?Learn beyond the classroom the flipping flipped classroom might actually mean somethingSupport small business > incubator workshops on starting a business, securing funding, marketing, etc.How important to interest users from various disciplines?Co-locate in library for greater/wider access

Community serviceWay of providing community service?Demo sessionsTechnology petting zooInstructional workshop

Makerspace has ability to do something transformative and then influence wider networkRole libraries will play is dictated by us, be ready for questions, explain presence in library, tie back to how current students learnAnalogyGrocery store gets info bits they needKitchen put together final productDining room/Restaurant people beyond the library and other than maker come to use

Loosen up the library > interplay of maker culture and library culturePeople want to take things apart can we provide space (users can reserve a shelf, table, bench), tools, assistancePursue equipment, space, and community building eventsApply traditional skills to serve makers and develop new library products and servicesIgnite spark in users fiddling w/ KNEX/Legos, other stuff

If in library supports learning for learning sake understand how to be a creatorComputers with Adobe Creative Suite

Support for lifelong learningUse by the clinics? Support for teen/children programs inclusive spaceCreate publications for clients, community groups

20

What Will They Do?Audio/Video/ImagesModelingPractice developmentEvidentiary concernsWhere will the magic happen

I stated earlier that a makerspace has to reflect its community. There is no required set of services, technologies or operations to get started. Law libraries actually have an advantage because of the population we serveGenerally, a specific age group, 22-30 year range; a faculty with fixed and relatively speaking, limited subject areas. As Liz stated theyre trying to figure our how to move beyond the STEM disciplines and appeal to the humanities. We dont have that same big challenge

Audio/Video/ImagesRecording > improving quality, witness statementsStop motion video > accident recreationAccident recreation softwareDigital photo and editing, green screen/substitute backgroundResizingVideo production, green screen, editingVideos film the sign, weather conditions, seen for witness verificationHigh quality ScanningConversion from older formats - Conversion VHS, cassettesPermanent video set-up Job interviewsVideo conferencing, allow local attorneys to use (interview), interview witnesses, expertsCommunicating live > skill for students

ModelingForensics skull reconstruction, dont have to use the originalLaw students need to understand technology in order to authenticate evidence

Cuttters laser, vinylComputer numerical control (CNC) machines are used to create parts of tools by utilizing computers to precisely machine materials into desired forms.Large format printers > plans for streets, building

3D printingSLS selective laser sintering (metal)3D scanningLarge format scanning and printing

Practice developmentDigitized mediaCreating websitesPhoto editingCreating appsDigital scrapbookingSocial mediaProfessional grade office servicesVideo conferencingCollaboration

SimulationInteractive media wallConference roomMedia literacyDeveloping business models, solving business problemsOpportunity to collaborate with other units on campus business, science

IP> patents > inventors protection; lawyers need to understand the maker processProtect rights and intellectual property of entrepreneuers as clients

WhereLocationComputer labsLibrary spacePartners and other departments on campus

What to call itLawyer spaceCourtspace

Assess what space is being used and what isnt Bound journals areaCourtroomsJournal officeCurrent computer labRepurpose courtroomsSpace planning tailor approach to meet needs and address challenges of each libraryFlexible adaptable > rearranged, removed, expanded & reduced

21

Selling the IdeaGetting administration to appreciate your brillianceFaculty supportDistance educationDevelopment/AdvancementClinicsSpecific skillsCareer Development/Job PlacementSpecific skills

With the administration you often have to bring these things back to very specific, measurable outcomes.

FacultyFor faculty its often about productivity. Can a makerspace help them? Collaboration with distant colleagues, holding class remotely so a class does not have to be rescheduled or appearing at a conference live but remotely so they dont have to travel or cancel classUse space to help faculty with distance education issuesKeep up with trends in technology and usage for most of us very few of our faculty could be considered technologically advanced but if we have to increase the technological education of our students then some of those students are going to end up being more technologically advanced faculty

ClinicsFormal space for business support

Development/AdvancementA naming opportunity? Fund a printer, high end computer

Career Development/Job Placement

Create learn/collaborate environment > makers seek out opportunities to learn to do new thingsThings to DoAttend a maker faire to spark your creativitySpace assessment > space for materials is not a priority for school admin. but student/collaboration space is Sell your makerspace by identifying underused space then focus on the benefits for the students

Do not develop top down, listen to library stakeholders, co-produce the space with users, help obtain and manage tools they want, understand how to use and can teach others to use, maintenance

22

Makerspaces and the LawLicensesInfringementCopyrightPatentLiabilityPrivacyPolicies & Procedures

Librarians often over estimate the legal risk in any given situation

If your use is subject to a license, it controls Patent almost anything can be patented; utility (functionality, 20 years), design patents (appearance, 14 years)Direct infringement strict liability required for secondary liability\SecondaryInducement requires high knowledge standard, knew or should have knownContributory sell

Library providing a service not a product; instruction on use of equipment would not cause liabilityFlawed objects - Duty to warn once aware of problemsUse of waiverPublic/non-public forum, limitations on use are OK

Non-public reasonable time, place, manner If public then strict scrutiny

PrivacyNo reasonable expectation of privacy in a public spaceCopyright infringementUnlikely to be liable for infringementSection 108 post notice, do not push buttonPushed button? - Supervised, makerspace maybe; unsupervised, copy room yes

Fair useEstablish policies and procedures

Makerspace HandbookPolicies and RulesCode of ConductSchedulingSafetyHousekeeping and Maintenance

Personal injury How tools work, how you can get hurt; proper safety procedures

23

Questions?Sharon Bradley, Special Collections LibrarianUniversity of Georgia School of LawLiz Holdsworth, MakerSpace CoordinatorUniversity of Georgia Libraries

24