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What your microbiome can really tell about you Mariette Abrahams PhD MBA RD Founder & CEO Qina
What your microbiome can really tell about you
Mariette Abrahams PhD MBA RD
Founder & CEO Qina
About this talk
Jessica R Biesiekierski Jonna Jalanka, Heidi M Staudacher Nature (2019), 11, 1134; doi:10.3390/nu11051134
Microbiome and link to health
• Immune system
•Gut disorder
•Heart disease
•Obesity
•Mental health
The ultimate goal for optimal health
• Understanding how to modulate it through diet & lifestyle
• Prevent and treat disease
• Increase or optimize the levels of beneficial short-chain
fatty acids (Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, Eubacterium,
Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Roseburia, and Prevotella)
Macfarlane GT, Macfarlane S. Bacteria, colonic fermentation, and gastrointestinal health. J AOAC Int. 2012;95:50–60
Current research into the microbiome
Source: lens.org
What can your microbiome really tell about you?
Gender
Vandeputte et al (2015) Gut
Bacteroides
Plant eating vs omnivores
Saturated fat and animal protein -
Bacteroides
Carbohydrates and simple sugars
- Prevotella
Microbiome vs metabolome
Wu GD, Chen J, Hoffmann C, et al. Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science. 2011;334:105–108.
Wu GD, Compher C, Chen EZ, et al. Comparative metabolomics in vegans and omnivores reveal constraints on diet-dependent gut microbiota metabolite production. Gut. 2016;65(1):63–72.
Knights et al Cell host miceobe (2014) Oct 08 : 16(4): 433-437
Microbiome and obesity
Bacteroides
Firmicutes
Bifidobacteria
Microbiome diversity
Ley et al., Nature (2006) 444, 1022-1023
Singh et al. J Translational Medicine (2017) 15, 73
Le Chatelier et al Nature (2013) 500, 541-546
Dao MC, Everard A, Aron-Wisnewsky J, et al. Gut. 2016;65:426–436.
Prediction to dietary intervention
N = 38
Diversity associated with
greater reduction in adipose
tissue systemic inflammation
after 6 weeks of low energy
high protein diet
Cotillard et al 2013
N = 49
Baseline Akkermansia
were associated with greater
improvement in insulin
sensitivity and body fat
distribution after 6 weeks
energy restricted diet
Dao et al 2013
Glucose response to dietary intervention
• Impact of microbiome on blood sugar control with higher levels of Prevotella and Clostridiae associated with lower PPGR (Zeevi et al., 2015) N= 800, 1 week
• Higher baseline Prevotella count associated with decrease in blood glucose and insulin after consuming barley kernel bread (Kovatcheva-Datchary et al., 2015), N= 39, 3 days
• Baseline microbiota combined with other physiological characteristics was more predictive than using only calorie or CHO content of foods (Mendes- Soares et al, 2019) N=327, 6 days
Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Nilsson A, Akrami R, et al. Dietary fiber-induced improvement in glucose metabolism is associated with increased abundance of Prevotella. Cell Metab. 2015;22:971–982
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2019) 73:1529–1535 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0423-z.
Zeevi et al (2015) Nature
Predict trial
• The study found that identical twins shared just 37% of their gut microbes - only slightly higher than the 35% shared between two unrelated individuals.
• Identical twins who share all their genes and most of their environment often had different responses to identical foods.
Microbiome and IBS
Firmicutes: Bacteroides ratio
Bifidobacteria abundance
Stability in response to dietary changes
Sundin et al ., (2015) Aliment Pharmacology 41: 342-351
Rangel et al Alim Pharm (2015) 42:1211-1221
Jeffrey et al Gut (2012) 61>997-1006
Tap et al (2017) 152:111-123
Fecal and mucosal signature for symptom
severity not differentiation between IBS and non
IBS
Predictor of response to a Low FODMAP diet
Bifidobacteria at baseline exhibit greater deletion in
response to a low FODMAP diet. Responders
increased Streptococcus, Dorea, Acinetobacter
Stachauer et al., (2012) J. Nutr 142:1510-1518
Chumpitazi et al (2014) Gut Microbes 165-175
Eswararan (2016) Am J Gastr 111 (1824 – 1832)
Limited and consistent evidence that baseline
characteristics do not differentiate responders from
non-responders to a low FODMAP diet.
Responders had lower dysbiosis index
Microbiome and depression
• Mynewgut recommendations
• There is now over-whelming evidence to support the fact that gut microbes have a major impact on central neurochemistry and behaviour, especially stress related disorders such as depression.
• Mediterranean diet containing polyphenols and PUFA’s are potential reasons for beneficial effect.
Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression?
Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013;25:713–719.
No consensus has emerged from existing human studies of
depression and gut microbiome concerning which
bacterial taxa are most relevant to depression
Cheung et al 2019 Front Psych
Top considerations
Jessica R Biesiekierski Jonna Jalanka, Heidi M Staudacher (2019) Nature
What can your microbiome tell you today?
Challenges
•What is a healthy gut?
•Who is in the cohort?
•Pre- intervention factors (Rx, probiotics)
•Baseline long-term dietary interventions
Opportunities
• Connect consumers with nutrition experts to be
transparent about the current state of the science
• Connect with external consultants to conduct research,
and develop new products/services
Conclusion
A limited number of prospective studies have been
conducted to determine whether differences in baseline
gut microbiota composition and habitual dietary intake
can be used to predict responses to dietary intervention.
ContactMariette Abrahams PhD MBA RD
CEO Qina
https://qina.tech
@marietteabraham
Consulting • Data • Speaking • Content
