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PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Mass Smart Growth Alliance
June 23rd, 2011
What if We Built our Communities
around Places ?
We Have to Turn Everything Upside
Down - To Get it Right Side Up
Place-making is an incredibly
complex art. When people talk glibly
about sustainable communities,
there are very few people that can
actually make that happen because
it requires a lot of effort, it requires a
lot of learning, it requires a lot of
experience.
Prince Charles
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
When you focus on a place,
you do everything differently.
Wonderful, Transformative Times
An opportunity to fix and redefine communities around Local Values and Assets
The competition to build great communities around Authentic “Public” Destinations is the“New”/”Old” Agenda
There is a growing interest in connecting Green with Place…or Placemaking with Sustainability, Smart Growth, Community Health
Placemaking, Power of 10, and Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper are the new tools
Creating a Great City – Some
Uncommon Truths
Develop/ lead demand with public destinations
The value created by the public realm
destinations will drive the success of the
project.
Place Capital as a primary focus to best achieve
larger goals
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The blunt calculation by public officials that if
they can’t make their downtowns and
neighborhoods appealing, they can’t
compete… all of these hinge on the
deceptively simple challenge of creating
places… that people intuitively like.”
-- Governing Magazine
“Converging Ideas around Place”
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
50 U.S. States, 7 Canadian Provinces
40 Countries
2500 Communities
2 Million visitors to our web sites (2008)
35,000 people get our electronic
newsletter
36 Years of Placemaking
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PPS Program Areas and
Transformative Agendas
Program Areas:
• Transportation
• Public Markets
• Civic Centers
• Parks
• Downtowns
• Mixed-Use
Developments
• Campuses
• Squares
• Waterfronts
Transformative Agendas:
Building Community Through
Transportation
Public Markets and Local
Economies
Community Anchors /
Architecture of Place
Creating Public Multi-Use
Destinations
William H. (Holly) Whyte
The Organization Man,1956
The Exploding Metropolis, 1958
The Last Landscape, 1968
Plan for the City of New York, 1969
The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces, 1980
City: Rediscovering the Center, 1988
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Museum of Modern Art - NYC
Blank walls are an end in themselves. They declare the
supremacy of architecture over humanity, of a building
over a person.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benches are artifacts, the purpose of which is to
punctuate architectural photographs. They are not so
good for sitting.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“What attracts people most it would appear,
is other people.”
One of the best things about water is the look and
feel of it…It’s not right to put water before people and
then keep them away from it.
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
If you want to seed a place with activity,
put out food.
If no one wants to go
out to the Park, no one
is going to stop them.─ Yogi Berra
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
It’s hard for people to realize that creating a place is
more important than design. ─ PPS
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
The street is the river of life,
the place where we come to together,
the pathway to the center.
– William H. Whyte
What if we Built our Communities around
Happiness and Community Wellbeing?
Comfort and Amenities
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Overarching Ideas
Placemaking
Process / The Community is the Expert
Convergence
Benefits of Great Squares and Streets
Power of 10
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper
We Have to Turn Everything Upside
Down - To Get it Right Side Up
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking Tools to
Transform Communities
Power of 10
Place Performance Evaluation
Game
Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper
Crowd-Sourcing APPS
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Placemaking
When you focus on a place,
you do everything differently.
Providence, RI
1
2 Bridge
4
Peck
Street
Ship
Street
Inlet
Eastern
Park
3
Site 3-Pedestrian Bridge
Scenic outlooks/Kissing Places
“beer garden”
Local merchants/vendors
Fishing
Floating boat docks
Picnic tables and benches
Waterfire boathouse
What is Placemaking?
Placemaking is a dynamic human function: it
is an act of liberation, of staking claim, and
of beautification; it is true human
empowerment.
Placemaking is turning a neighborhood,
town or city from a place you can’t wait to
get through to one you never want to leave.
Metropolitan Planning Council - Chicago
“Placemaking” is an overarching idea
and a hands-on tool for improving a
Neighborhood, City or Region. It has
the potential to be one of the most
transformative ideas of this century
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
What Makes a Great Place?
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
sociability uses & activities
access & linkages comfort & image
Welcoming
evening use
volunteerism
street life
transit usage
parking usage patterns
pedestrian activity
Walkable
Convenient
Accessible
Charm Clean
Attractive
Historic
Safe
building conditions
environmental data
sanitation rating
crime stats
Cooperative
Neighborly
property values
land-use patterns
retail sales
business ownership
Special Real
Fun
Active Vital
Connected
Key Attributes
Intangibles
Measurements
PLACE
Fosters Meaningful
Interaction
Improves Safety
and Security
Nurtures a Sense of
Community
Draws a Diverse
Population
Builds Local
Economies
Enhances
Accessibility
for All
The Benefits of Place
PLACE
Place Performance Game
Project/Discipline
Driven Approach• Empowers Communities
• Attracts partners, money
& creative solutions
• Professionals become
resources
• Design supports uses
• Solutions are flexible
• Engagement and
commitment grow
Pla
ce /
Com
munit
y D
riven
Appro
ach
Convergence
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Environmental
Sustainability
Civil Society/
Democracy BuildingPublic Health and
Community Livability
Community
Development &
Smart Growth
Energy &
Consumption
Convergence of Movements
PLACES
Local Food
Systems
Transportation
& Land Use
Local Economies
Historic Preservation
Layering of uses to create synergy (Triangulation) =
District
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Region/City/Town/
Neighborhood
Destinations
Place
10+ destinations
10+ places
10+ things to do
Power of 10
6. Sit and relax
1. Read the paper
8. Take a break
from a bike ride
3. Learn about
upcoming events
2. Window shopping
for books
4. Go inside!
10. Have a
conversation
7. Read someone
else’s book
5. Walk
9. Pet a dog
Power of 10
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR
PUBLIC SPACES
Singapore - 10 Sites
Power of 10 Destinations 1980
Power of 10 Destinations Today
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Transformative Agendas
Toward Architecture of Place
Community Anchors
A Tale of Two Libraries
Shifting Context of Libraries
HISTORICALLY FUTURE
Information is scarce Information is everywhere
Precious resource Taken for granted
Social mandate Social/economic mandate
Communities need Libraries Libraries need Communities
Public Gathering Place
Marketplace
Community Service Center
Communication and
Language Skills Center
Community Story-
Teller/Civic Information
Center
Business Service &
Development Center
Libraries/ City Halls as The Town Square
“I Don’t Want To Hear About Green
Buildings Any More?”
“Sustainability is simply an extension
of the technocratic society we find
ourselves in.”
Christopher Alexander
An Architecture of Place
Is it sustainable?
Has it minimized its impact?
Does it use the most ecological materials?
Does it celebrate “nature”?
We should also be asking questions like:
Does the building/project generate life?
Does it support its context
(built, cultural, historical, social, economic, place)?
Does it support people and their comfort?
Melbourne – Council Building 2
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Streets as Places
Thinking Beyond the Station
Transformative Agendas
When you design your community
around cars…you get more cars.
When you design your community
around people … you get more people.
From Adequate to Extraordinary
Main Street
Littleton, NH
Cottage Street
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“The only way to make a busy
road intersection safe is to
make it feel dangerous.”
Shared Streets
STREETS AS PLACES
Drachten, Holland
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Shared StreetsDrachten, Holland
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESSTREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Actual
Crashes
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
“If you want vehicles to
behave like they are in
a village, build a
village.”
"Essentially, what it
means is a transfer of
power and
responsibility from the
state to the individual
and the community.
-Hans Monderman
STREETS AS PLACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Roundabout – Stavanger, Norway
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Delray Beach - Corners
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Transformative Opportunities
Markets,Local Economies, Local Food
Hubs
Queen’s Birthday, Netherlands
Vondelpark, Amsterdam
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACESGraham Street Market – Hong Kong
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Barcelona
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Types of Markets
1. Open Air
Parking lots/Vacant sites
Parks and other public spaces
Street markets (with/without adjacent retail)
2. Covered Markets
3. Market Halls
Structures Built for Markets
Re-use/building conversions
4. Market Districts
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Benefit of market to community
(customer’s view)
5.1%5.9%
12.2% 12.6%13.7%
15.0%
17.7%
28.2%
11.1%
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
Busines
s oppor
tuniti
es
Entert
ainm
ent
Fresh
ness
Con
venie
nce
Hel
p Eco
nomy
Price
Product
s
Brings p
eople
toget
herO
ther
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
10%
28%
16%
22%
13%
11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
$0-100 $101-500 $501-
1,000
$1001-
5,000
$5,001-
10,000
>$10,000
Start up cost for market vendors
Facades created by set- designers
Gabriel’s WharfLondon, England
Began with concrete
garages, used a set-design
company to add facades
created a community of
work/sell spaces
price workshop units close
to the price of a studio
apartment or extra room
on an apartment
told artisans, jewelers,
sculptors, and leather
designers to put their work
in the windows to appeal
to the heavier foot traffic
on the weekends
it’s packed!
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Multi-Use Public Destinations
Transformative Agendas
Need a multi use destination
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
Characteristics of Great Public Spaces
PROJECT FOR PUBLIC SPACES
• Good places breed healthy activity.
• People attract people attract people.
• When you focus on place, you do everything differently.
• It takes many disciplines and skills to create a place.
• It takes a community to create a place.
• Amenities that make a place comfortable are critical.
• You can’t know what you are going to end up with.
• Each place has its own identity.
• You can’t have anything less than excellence.
• You have to have zealous nuts.
• It has to be a…
It has to be a Campaign
Develop
a vision
Become great
communicators
Search for
impediments
Organize a
strong team
Attack
Complacency
Produce
short term
wins
Take on
bigger
challenges
Connect change
to the culture
of the
community
People Who Make Dramatic Change By John Kotter
We Have to Turn Everything Upside
Down - To Get it Right Side Up
www.pps.orgMaking Places
Newsletter
Training &
Conferences
Publications &
Resources
Qualities of Great Squares
Traffic, Transit & the Pedestrian
The Inner Park & the Outer Park
Attractions & Destinations
Identity & Image
Flexibility in Design
Amenities
Management: Central to the Solution
Seasonal Strategy
Diverse Funding Sources
Reach out like an octopus
Traffic, Transit & the Pedestrian
Connected to adjacent
areas
Range of
transportation options
The Inner & the Outer Square
Active edge uses
Gateways and
entrances
Focal points
Attractions & Destinations
Choices of things to do
Triangulation
opportunities
Clustered activity around
destinations
10+ places
Creating Great Civic Spaces
Identity & Image
Showcase local assets
District signage
Historic highlights
Creating Great Civic Spaces
Flexible Design
Overlapping and
changing uses
Form that supports
function
Experiment
Management: Central to the Solution
Management
presence through:
Security &
Maintenance
Ongoing
improvements
Programming
Seasonal Strategies
Flower Show
Skating Rink
Fashion Show
Xmas Market
Antique Show
Play Equipment
Cultural Festivals
Creating Great Civic Spaces
Diverse Funding Base
•Public support
•Private sponsorship
•Broad partnerships
Security --
City Funding
23%
Facility -
Parks
Department
6%
Event Rentals
18%
Tenant
Leases
24%
In Kind
Donations
17%
Event
Sponsorships
12%
Creating Great Civic Spaces
Reach out like an Octopus
Becoming a
district
10+ Destinations
w/ 10+ places
10+ things to do
Amenities
Attracts cross-section of users
Source of local/regional civic pride
Comfortable places to sit
Food and markets
1. The community is the expert
2. You are creating a place not just a design
3. You can’t do it alone
4. They always say it can’t be done
5. You can see a lot just by observing
6. Develop a placemaking vision
7. Power of 10/Triangulation
8. Form supports function
9. Start with the petunias
10. Money is not the issue
11. You are never finished
11 Principles of Creating Great Public Spaces
Translating Ideas Into
Action
Implementation
Planning & Outreach
Techniques
Underlying Ideas
1. The community is the expert
2. You are creating a place not just a
design
3. You can’t do it alone
4. They always say it can’t be done
11 Principles of Creating Great Public Spaces
Underlying Ideas
Planning & Outreach
Techniques
5. You can see a lot just by observing
6. Develop a placemaking vision – Place
Performance Evaluation Game
11 Principles of Creating Great Public Spaces
Translating Ideas Into
Action
7. Form supports function
8. Power of 10/Triangulation
11 Principles of Creating Great Public Spaces
Implementation
9. Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper
10. Money is not the issue
11. You are never finished
11 Principles of Creating Great Public Spaces