What’s New in Hydroacoustics?Hydroacoustics?libvolume3.xyz/civil/btech/semester3/fluid... ·...

What’s New in What’s New in What’s New in What’s New in

Hydroacoustics?Hydroacoustics?Hydroacoustics?Hydroacoustics?

September 2008September 2008September 2008September 2008

Kevin ObergKevin ObergKevin ObergKevin Oberg

With help from David Mueller, Chad Wagner, Ryan Jackson, Mike Rehmel, and Jon Czuba

What’s New?

• Equipment

• Software

• Methods & Policy

• Publications

• Training

• RS Live, RiverRay, ADC

• WRII, new tools

• Moving bed tests, Other

• New reports

• Webinars, schedule for formal training courses, Web-based training

Equipment | Software | Methods/Policy | Publications | Training

New SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI Profilers

• 5-beam profiler

• 4 beam Janus configuration

– 3 Mhz

– Velocity profiling range ~0.2 m to 5.0 m

• 1 vertical beam for depth measurement

– 1 Mhz

– Range ~0.15 - 15m

S5


Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008 Pre-release specs –

Subject to change

New SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI ProfilersNew SonTek YSI Profilers

• 9-beam 3-frequency profiler

• 4 beams at 1 Mhz

• 4 beams at 3 Mhz

• 1 beam @ 500 kHz (depth)

• Nominal velocity profiling range ~0.3 m – 30.0 m

• Vertical beam range ~80m

M9


Units not available for sale – Oct. 2008

Pre-release specs –

Subject to change

Prototype ADP, GPS, & FloatPrototype ADP, GPS, & FloatPrototype ADP, GPS, & FloatPrototype ADP, GPS, & Float


SonTek/YSI plans to offer a trimaran

and their own monohull design, not necessarily similar to this

monohull



Subject to change

Automatic ConfigurationAutomatic ConfigurationAutomatic ConfigurationAutomatic Configuration

• Automatic velocity cell size adjustment

• Automatic switching between pulse-coherent and narrowband

• M9 profiler will switch between 1 and 3 Mhz on the fly


Software and DataSoftware and DataSoftware and DataSoftware and Data

• Data are stored in profiler.

• Data viewed and profiler controlled with laptop and/or Windows Mobile device (Motorola Q Phone)

• Bluetooth or Freewave telemetry




Subject to change

Ott ADC


Comparison Qm’s

Site FlowT Q ADC Q % Diff. Comments

Copper Slough

7.80 7.74 -0.85 Slight difference in XS-rod placement

Palos Park 5.48 4.83 -11.8 High velocity fluctuations

Oakwood 226 223 -1.69

Bismarck 142 145 1.84 Small velocity fluctuations

Joliet 67.9 69.2 1.86 Flow angles?

Coal City 162 173 6.60 Horizontal velocity gradient/turbulence

Flossmoor 9.56 9.80 2.44 Low velocity spikes due to large cobbles (both FT and ADC)

Oak Forest 5.11 4.61 -9.74 Large velocity gradient

Mean -1.4


Lag in Velocity Due to Lag in Velocity Due to Lag in Velocity Due to Lag in Velocity Due to

Sampling VolumeSampling VolumeSampling VolumeSampling Volume

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Velo

cit

y i

n f

eet/

seco

nd

Stationing in feet

Flowtracker

Ott


Sampling VolumeSampling VolumeSampling VolumeSampling Volume


FlowTracker

Ott ADC

ADC Enhancements

• Compute/record/display flow angles

• Store velocity time series (not just final value)

• Provide software that supports analysis of above data

• Real time beam checks

• When point velocity measurement is invalid, prompt user for doing another velocity observation (at a different location)

• Working with Ott to implement enhancements


TRDI TRDI TRDI TRDI –––– RiverRayRiverRayRiverRayRiverRay

• Phased array transducer (flat face)

• 30-degree beams (larger unmeasured area)

• Single frequency – 600 kHz

• 2 prototypes delivered in September


Units not available for sale as of Sept. 2008

TRDI TRDI TRDI TRDI –––– RiverRayRiverRayRiverRayRiverRay

• Integrated float with Bluetooth comms (default)


Units not available for sale as of Sept. 2008

RiverRay FeaturesRiverRay FeaturesRiverRay FeaturesRiverRay Features

• Will default to an ‘auto’ mode.

• Will consist of both pulse coherent (WM 5/11-like and incoherent modes (WM1) all at the same time

• Depth cell sizes will depend on depth and which ‘mode’ is used to make the velocity measurement


TRDI RiverRay

Depth Measurement Type Ambiguity resolution

Depth cells/size

< 0.6 m 3 pulse-coherent (PC) pings None 5 10 cm

0.6 – 1.5 m Pulse coherent modes (WM 5/11 like)

Yes 20 cm

1.5 – 5.0 m Attempt pulse-coherent; if not use mode 1/12 type mode

For PC mode

? 20 cm

5.0 – 10 m

2 near-surface PC pings, Ambiguity ping + plus as many WM1-like pings as can be done to get 1-sec update rate

? 40 cm

10 – 20 m Same as above ? 80 cm


This information is preliminary and subject to change

Use of Use of Use of Use of

UltraUltraUltraUltra----

Mobile Mobile Mobile Mobile

PCsPCsPCsPCs

Example UMPC with Wireless and Bluetooth

Cost: ~$1,000

Instrument News article – Sonny Anderson


• Noticed many problems in fast flows

• Air entrainment and/or ADCP being ‘pulled’ out of the water

• RFP for a new boat is out.

High Speed Tethered Boat


RC Boat – OceanScience

Problems with High-speed boat - nose submerging in low velocities. Caused by deformation of plastic used. OS working on solution.


RC Boat – SeaRobotics


CA WSC using 2 boats for mapping applications. Still some work needed

WinRiver II StatusII StatusII StatusII Status

• Numerous bugs in version 2.02

• OSW has tested several beta releases since early August.

• Program is more stable now; waiting on a final beta to test

• Release of 2.03 in November?


CommunicationsCommunicationsCommunicationsCommunications

• OSW strongly encourages users to use USB-to-serial adapters with laptops – even those that have a built-in RS-232

• See Hydroacoustics Forums for info on suggested models (https://simon.er.usgs.gov/smf/)

• HIF will stock a 2-port USB-to-serial adapter for purchase. Cost ~ $35.


MidSection Software MidSection Software MidSection Software MidSection Software –––– SontekSontekSontekSontek

• Methods as documented by Sontek seem correct

• Limited testing has been done


MidSection (SxS) Software MidSection (SxS) Software MidSection (SxS) Software MidSection (SxS) Software –––– TRDITRDITRDITRDI

• Some concerns about algorithms used in TRDI SxS software

• WRII 2.02 SxS can crash and user will be unable to resume Qm

• TRDI addressing technical concerns. Changes may appear in WRII version 2.03?

• Very limited testing


MidSection SoftwareMidSection SoftwareMidSection SoftwareMidSection Software

• OSW strongly discourages use of ‘home-grown’ SxS computations due to various possible technical problems such as:

– Flow angles

– Extrapolation

– Valid manual computations are time consuming and are difficult to check


Automated QA / QC


Automated QA / QC

• Prototype auto QA/QC delivered to TRDI and SonTek 18 months ago.

• Both vendors say they are committed to incorporating this into their software.

• TRDI has promised to focus on this in their first major update to WinRiver II in 2009

• SonTek/YSI is incorporating some of this into RiverSurveyor-Live software


Extrapolation Analysis ToolExtrapolation Analysis ToolExtrapolation Analysis ToolExtrapolation Analysis Tool


SMBASMBASMBASMBA (Stationary Moving bed Analysis)(Stationary Moving bed Analysis)(Stationary Moving bed Analysis)(Stationary Moving bed Analysis)

• Updated to process corrections from multiple moving bed tests

• Effectiveness of the approach used to do this is still being studied


LC LC LC LC (Loop Correction)(Loop Correction)(Loop Correction)(Loop Correction)

• Distributes loop correction across cross section based on near bed velocities

• Preferred loop correction method

• Improvements planned

– User interface

– Check quality of compass cal

– Report number of invalid ensembles


GPS – Collect VTG & GGA

GGA VTG

• VTG is Doppler-based measurement

• Less sensitive to multi-path effects

• Usually results in better quality data


MovingMovingMovingMoving----Bed TestsBed TestsBed TestsBed Tests

• USGS policy will require that a moving-bed test (MBT) be collected prior to every Qm

• No exceptions!

• Use the SMBA and LC software to analyze MBT’s


560 feet in 540 s => 1 ft/s MB velocity

MovingMovingMovingMoving----Bed TestsBed TestsBed TestsBed Tests • Three acceptable methods for performing a MBT

1. stationary test - no GPS

2. stationary test - with GPS, or

3. the loop method

• For stationary MBT’s, we suggest multiple MBT’s


Flow

DUP

Deployment Duration of SMBT’s

Tethered boat 5 minutes

Anchored boat 5 minutes

Boat with DGPS 5 minutes

All other 10 minutes

MovingMovingMovingMoving----Bed ConditionsBed ConditionsBed ConditionsBed Conditions

Method Requirements

DGPS Valid GPS data Valid Compass Calibration

Loop Maintain BT Valid Compass Calibration

SMBT’s Remain stationary Valid BT for transects

Midsection Use mfgr software


DUP

• Order of preference

1. DGPS

2. Loop correction method

3. Multiple stationary MBT’s

4. Section by section software

Current USGS Policy for Qm’sCurrent USGS Policy for Qm’sCurrent USGS Policy for Qm’sCurrent USGS Policy for Qm’s

• USGS policy is that 4-transect mean is used as a measured discharge under steady flow conditions

• Policy was arrived at somewhat arbitrarily – did not have a rigorous scientific basis

• Reflects need to have good spatial and temporal averaging


Number of Transects Number of Transects Number of Transects Number of Transects

AnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis

• 28 comparisons having 12-transects were used

• 12-transect mean was assumed to be ‘true’ Q

• Percent difference for 1-, 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-pass means computed


RG Exposure Time AnalysisRG Exposure Time AnalysisRG Exposure Time AnalysisRG Exposure Time Analysis

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

Duration in seconds

Perc

en

t D

iffe

ren

ce f

rom

12-P

ass M

ean

1

2

4

6

8


Oberg and Mueller (2007a). “Validation of Streamflow Measurements Made with

ADCPs.” Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133(12), 1421-1432.

Exposure Time For ADCP Qm’sExposure Time For ADCP Qm’sExposure Time For ADCP Qm’sExposure Time For ADCP Qm’s

• Exposure time (D) is the total time spent sampling the flow

• Oberg and Mueller (2007) suggest that D is more important than number of transects for reducing uncertainty in Q

• OSW is conducting tests to validate this hypothesis


StreamPro Exposure TimeStreamPro Exposure TimeStreamPro Exposure TimeStreamPro Exposure Time


Validation Data


Possible policy – For steady flows, D must be ≥ 720 s & minimum of 2 transects

Discharge

Measure-

ment

‘Manual’

Techniques and Methods Report

Expected to be approved and published – Oct-Dec 2008

Compilation of OSW technical memos, QA Plan, and Simpson report, plus new guidance

Replacement for ‘Simpson’ report


Capability Fact Sheet


Evaluation of GPS Evaluation of GPS Evaluation of GPS Evaluation of GPS

Receivers and VTGReceivers and VTGReceivers and VTGReceivers and VTG


• Report will be published in 2009.

• Selected results:

– Recommend use Novatel Smart Antenna or Hemisphere Crescent A100

– Trimble AgGPS 132 and similar models have some known issues with VTG data

– Testing of these receivers is underway; Environment Canada uses Novatel

– Don’t use handheld receivers

Using ADCPs in Moving Bed Using ADCPs in Moving Bed Using ADCPs in Moving Bed Using ADCPs in Moving Bed

ConditionsConditionsConditionsConditions

• Web-based class has been developed

• Currently undergoing review / revision

• Should be available early in FY09

• Will be offered via NTC / DOILearn

Flow

DUP


Status of ClassesStatus of ClassesStatus of ClassesStatus of Classes

• 10 – 12 1-week classes taught annually!

– 7 Basic ADCP

– 2 Index Velocity

– 2 Refresher classes

– Classes are in high demand.

• Short courses at Data Conferences & elsewhere

• Possible velocity mapping / analysis class in late 2009


Proposed ScheduleProposed ScheduleProposed ScheduleProposed Schedule


Course ID USGS Classes Date Location

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's 10/27/08 Louisville, KY

SW1319 Streamflow Record Computation using

ADVM's and Index-velocity Methods 11/18/08 Denver, CO

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's 01/26/09 Houston, TX

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's 03/23/09 Orlando, FL

SW2441 Introduction to WinRiver II and ADCP

Refresher with StreamPro 05/04/09 Asheville, NC

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's

(SonTek) 05/04/09 Louisville, KY

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's 05/18/09 Lowell, MA

SW1319 Streamflow Record Computation using

ADVM's and Index-velocity Methods 07/14/09 Denver, CO

SW2441 Introduction to WinRiver II and ADCP

Refresher with StreamPro 08/03/09 Portland, OR

SW1321 Streamflow Measurements Using ADCP's 08/24/09 Portland, OR

Other Training InfoOther Training InfoOther Training InfoOther Training Info

• Will be looking to add new Web-based classes, perhaps Key Concepts, Water Modes, etc. (costly)

• OSW has maintained their own training registration system. We will no longer use that system. Users will register via DOILearn.

• Supervisor approvals needed in timely manner if you want to get into the class


Questions?Questions?Questions?Questions?

Changes NeededChanges NeededChanges NeededChanges Needed

• SxS

• GPS – Loop (1 and 2) after that multiple MBT’s and SxS are even. If cannot BT

– GPS – have to have good GPS and comp cal

– Loop – must be able to BT and comp cal

– SMBT -

• Home-grown SxS

• Caveats about units not available for sale

• HIF Stocking USB-serial

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