What’s next in 3D printing? · 2021. 1. 31. · Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within...

What’s next in 3D printing?

A tutorial on viscous (paste) material additive manufacturing

Andrew Finkle (CTO, Structur3d Printing)

[email protected]

September 5th, 2018

Todays Outline

• 1) AM Background• Thermoplastic FDM, Slicing, Limitations

• 2) Paste Extrusion• Technologies, Products

• 3) Material Fundamentals• Viscosity, Elastomers, Electronics, Bioprinting, Food

• 4) Advanced Functionality• Medical, Aerospace, 4D printing, composites

• 5) Discov3ry Complete

2@structur3dprint / structur3d.io

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

1. CAD Model

2. Layering Software (Slicing and GCODE)

3. Modeler Controller(XYZ & Extrusion Control)

4. Build Platform(Heated Bed)

5. Filament Feedstock

6. Extrusion Head

7. Layer-by-Layer Fabrication

1) AM Background > 2) Paste Extrusion > 3) Material Fundamentals > 4) Advanced Functionality > 5) Discov3ry Complete





1. CAD Model





6. Extrusion Head





1. CAD Model





6. Extrusion Head





1. CAD Model





6. Extrusion Head


Slicing and GCODE



Slicing and GCODE



G1 X137.2 Y132.181 E0.045

Slicing and GCODE



• A major limitation of 3D printing is materials

• typically plastic & metals.

• The opportunity for high-value soft materials, like silicone, polyurethane, and epoxies is simply not well addressed.

• Traditional manufacturing methods (i.e., molds):=> more $$$=> less flexible=> more time-consuming

This limits market opportunity!

Manufacturers are actively seeking ways to reduce cost and time to market, and increase customization. One of the key tools used to

achieve these aims is 3D printing.


Limitations of Thermoplastic FDM


Auger Air Pressure

Physical Pressure


Paste Extrusion Technologies



Paste Extrusion Products


Tan, C., Toh, W. Y., Wong, G., & Lin, L. (2018). Extrusion-based 3D food printing – Materials and machines. International Journal of Bioprinting, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.18063/ijb.v4i2.143

Pusch, K., Hinton, T. J., & Feinberg, A. W. (2018). Large volume syringe pump extruder for desktop 3D printers. HardwareX, 3, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OHX.2018.02.001

Food Printers

Customized and Open Design Paste Extruders

Commercial Paste Extruders

Fab@Home

MakerbotFrostruder

EnvisiontecBioplotter

Richrap


Soft (Paste) Material Parameters


* Muth, J. T., Vogt, D. M., Truby, R. L., Mengüç, Y., Kolesky, D. B., Wood, R. J., Lewis, J. A., Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within Highly Stretchable Elastomers, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6307–6312

*

Glove One – 3D Printed Smart Phone by Brian CeraImages from 3DPrint.com


Flexible Electronics


Hutmacher, D. W., Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage, Biomaterials, 21, 2000, 2529-2543; DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00121-6

Duan, B., Hockaday, L. A., Kang, K. H., and Butcher, J. T., 3D Bioprinting of Heterogeneous Aortic Valve Conduits with Alginate/Gelatin Hydrogels, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A, 2013, 101(5), 1255-1264; doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34420

Nature 520, 273 (16 April 2015) doi:10.1038/520273a


Tissue Engineering


* Bakarich, S. E., Gorkin, R., Panhuis, M. i. h. and Spinks, G. M. (2015), 4D Printing with Mechanically Robust, Thermally Actuating Hydrogels. Macromol. Rapid Commun., 36: 1211–1217. doi: 10.1002/marc.201500079

*


Edible Electronics and Robotics


Adam E. Jakus, Katie D. Koube, Nicholas R. Geisendorfer & Ramille N. Shah, Robust and Elastic Lunar and Martian Structures from 3D-Printed Regolith Inks, Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 44931 (2017)doi:10.1038/srep44931


Aerospace


A. Kirillova, R. Maxson, G. Stoychev, C. T. Gomillion, L. Ionov, 4D Biofabrication Using Shape-Morphing Hydrogels, Adv. Mater. 2017, 1703443. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201703443

Average printed vessel diameter = 20 µm!


4D Printing


S. W. Pattinson, A. J. Hart, Additive Manufacturing of Cellulosic Materials with Robust Mechanics and Antimicrobial Functionality, Adv. Mater. Technol., 2017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admt.201600084


Advanced Materials and Composites


Biodegradable electronic implants

Mire, C. A., Agrawal, A., Wallace, G. G., Calvert, P., and Panhuis, M. i. h., Inkjet and extrusion printing of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) tracks on and embedded in biopolymer materials, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 2671-2678. DOI: 10.1039/C0JM03587D

PEDOT/PSS

chitosan


Medical Applications



Designing from Experience



Discov3ry Complete



Discov3ry Capabilities



Discov3ry Capabilities


1. Chen, Q., Cao, P.-F., & Advincula, R. C. (2018). Mechanically Robust, Ultraelastic Hierarchical Foam with Tunable Properties via 3D Printing. Advanced Functional Materials, 28(21), 1800631. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201800631

2. Sultan, S., & Mathew, A. P. (2018). 3D printed scaffolds with gradient porosity based on a cellulose nanocrystal hydrogel. Nanoscale, 10(9), 4421–4431. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7NR08966J

3. Kim, T., Trangkanukulkij, R., & Kim, W. S. (2018). Nozzle Shape Guided Filler Orientation in 3D Printed Photo-curable Nanocomposites. Nature Scientific Reports, 8(1), 3805. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22107-0

4. Areir, M., Xu, Y., Zhang, R., Harrison, D., Fyson, J., & Pei, E. (2017). A study of 3D printed active carbon electrode for the manufacture of electric double-layer capacitors. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 25, 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JMAPRO.2016.12.020

5. Angjellari, M., Tamburri, E., Montaina, L., Natali, M., Passeri, D., Rossi, M., & Terranova, M. L. (2017). Beyond the concepts of nanocomposite and 3D printing: PVA and nanodiamonds for layer-by-layer additive manufacturing. Materials & Design, 119, 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATDES.2017.01.051


Discov3ry 2-pt Complete



Discov3ry 2-pt Complete


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@structur3dprint / structur3d.io


Thank you!

Andrew Finkle (CTO, Structur3d Printing)

[email protected]

www.structur3d.io

Twitter: @structur3dprint

FB/IG: @structur3dprinting

mailto:[email protected]

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What’s next in 3D printing? · 2021. 1. 31. · Embedded 3D Printing of Strain Sensors within...

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