What's New at Fourth Corner Nurseries

NATIVE PLANTS OF NORTH AMERICA | WHOLESALE PRICE LIST

PRSRT STDU.S. Postage

PAIDLynden, WA

PERMIT NO 20

FALL 2016/SPRING 2017

5652 Sand Rd., Bellingham, WA 98226 | TEL 800-416-8640 | FAX 888-506-1236 | EMAIL [email protected] | WEB http://fourthcornernurseries.com

What’s New at Fourth Corner Nurseries

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What's New at Fourth Corner Nurseries......................1

Greetings from Todd Jones ......................................1

Common Name Index...............................................2

Contact Information................................................3

Wetland Indicator Status..........................................3

Reference Information.............................................3

Trees & Shrubs........................................................4

Conifers.................................................................8

Live Stakes.............................................................8

Purchase Order Form...............................................9

"Eating Native –Recipes from the Field".....................11

Herbaceous Perennials............................................12

Grasses, Rushes, Sedges..........................................17

Aquatics................................................................19

Bulbs....................................................................20

INSIDE THIS ISSUE:

Here at Fourth Corner Nurseries we are al-ways looking for new challenges. We want to give you, our customers, a broad selection of healthy plants that work well for your projects. This year we are growing new plant species, adjusting the digging schedule for perennials and utilizing new storage methods, and growing some species in tubes, trays, and small pots.

Our catalog is full of information, and we want to ensure that our customers are able to access that information. • Page 2 has the Common Name Index, divided by category of plant: Trees & Shrubs, Conifers, etc. to make it easier to find the type of plant you need. • Page 3 shows the Wetland Indicator Status chart, Contact Information for staff at FCN, entries about Plant Availability, Ecoregions, Custom Propagation Services, Plant Nomencla-ture, and additional information to assist you when purchasing plants from us. • Page 4 starts our plant listings. The plants are listed by category, then alphabetically by scientific name, Genus species (Common Name). • Eating Native—Recipes From The Field is on Page 11.

Pricing: We have removed the sizes and pricing of our trees, shrubs, and conifers from the catalog. For up-to-date availability and pricing for bare root trees and shrubs, and container plants, go to our website: http://fourthcornernurseries.com. We will also email monthly updates.

Plant Availability: You may notice some changes in the months when certain bare root plants are available. The availability is based on the optimum time to dig each species with the best replant-ing success. We are only digging perennials when they go dormant in fall, and before they emerge in spring, with larger volume species available through the winter. Grasses, sedges, and rushes are available April through Novem-ber, with a few exceptions. Before April many of them have not emerged from the ground, making digging and replanting success more difficult.

Storage of perennials and bulbs: The majority of our perennials and bulbs will be available during their ideal harvest windows: fall and early spring for perennials and late summer and fall for bulbs. Our 2015-16 freezing trials resulted in a subset of species that can be

dug at dormancy and frozen for extended stor-age. Camassia (Camas), Dodecatheon (Shooting Star), Echinacea (Cone Flower), and Symphyot-richum [Aster] species had high viability under these conditions, as well as Sisyrinchium ida-hoense (Western Blue-eyed Grass). These and other high-demand species will be available through the winter, with species-appropriate storage techniques: freezing, refrigeration, or digging to order.

Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Great Camas)

Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Great Camas)Typical large-sized bulbs on the left, and small-sized bulbs on the right

Warm regards,

Todd Jones, General Manager, Fourth Corner Nurseries

Greetings, On behalf of all of us here at Fourth Corner Nurseries I’d like to take this opportunity to thank you for your support and friendship. This past spring was the busiest bare-root ship-ping season in our history. It’s also been a very productive and interesting year for us with the introduction of a number of new perenni-als and the purchase of an additional 10 acres, which now gives us just under 90 acres of field and forest. Our propagation staff continues to experiment with new plant offerings and prod-ucts, including an expanded selection of cell-grown aquatic and broadleaf plants.

I see the use of native plants in habitat restora-tion and home gardens continue to grow and evolve everywhere I visit. On recent Interna-tional Plant Propagators Society trips to the U.S. Gulf Coast and New Zealand, the use of native plant material from carefully-tracked seed collections was in great demand. We be-lieve this trend will continue, and even though we now have decades of experience honing our craft we also realize that the restoration methods and plants used today will very likely continue to change in the years ahead. We ap-preciate the practical experience and advice we receive and always try to put it to good use.

Our sincere wish is to continue to provide you with the highest quality plants possible and to be a resource for native plant information and innovation. Once again, we thank you and hope you have a prosperous and productive year ahead.

Alder 4Ash 5 Aspen 6Birch 4Blackberry 6Buckbrush 4Buttonbush 4Cascara 5Ceanothus 4Cherry 6Chokeberry 4Choke Cherry 6Cinquefoil 5Coffeeberry 5Cottonwood 5Crabapple 5Cranberry 7Currant 6Dogwood 4, 5Elderberry 7Gooseberry 6Hackberry 4Hawthorn 5Hazelnut 5Honeysuckle 5Huckleberry 7Indian Plum 5Maple 4Mock Orange 5Mountain Balm 4Mountain Mahogany 4New Jersey Tea 4Ninebark 5Oak 6Ocean Spray 5Oregon Box 5Oregon Grape 5Plum 6Raspberry 6Redbud 4Rose 6Salal 5Salmonberry 6Sandcherry 6Serviceberry 4Snowberry 7Soapberry 7Soapweed 7Spice Bush 4Spirea 7Sumac 6Sweet Gale 5Sweetshrub 4Thimbleberry 6Twinberry 5Viburnum 7Willow 6, 7Witchhazel 5Yucca 7

Alumroot 14Anemone 12Arnica 12Aster 15, 16Avens 13Balsamroot 12Beach Pea 14Beardtongue 15Beebalm 14Bergamot 14Biscuitroot 14Blanket Flower 13Blazing Star 14Bleeding Heart 13Bluebells 14Blue-eyed Grass 16Boykinia 13Brookfoam 13Buttercup 15Checkerbloom 15Checkermallow 15Cinquefoil 15Coltsfoot 15Columbine 12Compassplant 16Cone Flower 13, 15Cow Parsnip 14Devil's Club 14Echinacea 13Eryngo 13Field Mint 14Fireweed 13Fleabane 13 Fringecup 16Ginger 12Goatsbeard 12Goldenrod 15Goose Tongue 15Grasswidow 14Grayfeather 14Gumweed 13Hedge-nettle 16Inside-out Flower 16Iris 14Ironweed 16Joe Pye Weed 13Lupine 14Meadow-rue 16Milkweed 12Monkeyflower 14Mosquito Bills 13Mugwort 12Mule-ears 16Onion 12, 20Oregon Sunshine 13Oxeye 13Pearly Everlasting 12Penstemon 15Piggyback-Plant 16Plantain 15Prairie Smoke 13Pussytoes 12Ragweed 12Rosemallow 14Sea Thrift 12Sedum 15Self Heal 15Shooting Star 13Silverweed 12Snakeroot 12Sneezeweed 13Sorrel 15Spring Gold 14Stonecrop 15Strawberry 13Tickseed 13Verbena 12Violet 16Waterleaf 14Water Parsley 14Waterparsnip 15Woolly Sunflower 13Wormwood 12Yarrow 12Youth on Age 16

Arrowgrass 19Brome 17Bulrush 17, 18, 19Cattail 19Fescue 18Horsetail 18Mannagrass 18Meadow Barley 18Oatgrass 17Oniongrass 18Rush 18Saltgrass 17Sedge 17Spikerush 17Sweetgrass 18Threesquare 18Tufted Hairgrass 17Wildrye 18Wool Grass 19

COMMON NAME INDEX

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TREES & SHRUBS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Brodiaea 20 Camas 20Checker Lily 20Fool’s Onion 20Fritillary 20Lily 20Onion 12, 20Ookow 20Rushlily 20Triteleia 20Yampah 20

BULBS

Live stakes are made to order, and are available for the following species. Please specify your desired length when placing your order. The caliper will vary from 1/4" – 1"; we do not grade by caliper size. Live stakes have the highest success rate in our area when planted between October and March.

Black Cottonwood 5Hooker Willow 6Pacific Willow 7Red Twig Dogwood 5Sitka Willow 7

LIVE STAKES

Cedar 8Douglas Fir 8Fir 8Hemlock 8Juniper 8Pine 8Redwood 8Spruce 8

CONIFERS

AQUATICS

Arrowhead 19Buckbean 19Bur-reed 19Cinquefoil 19Marshlock 19Pond-lily 19Skunk Cabbage 19Speedwell 19Veronica 19Wapato 19Water Plantain 19

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Area Formulas

Circle ..............................Diameter x 0.7854Triangle ..........................Base x Height x 0.5Rectangle .............................Length x Width

Metric Conversions

10 cm ................ 3.9 in 50 cm ........ 19.7 in15 cm ................ 5.9 in 60 cm .........23.6 in20 cm ................ 7.9 in 80 cm ..........31.5 in25 cm ................ 9.8 in 1.00 m ....3 ft, 3.4 in30 cm ............... 11.8 in 2.00 m ...6 ft, 6.7 in

Estimating and Planting

Spacing Number per sq. ft.6 inch ................................ 4.000 per sq. ft. 8 inch ................................ 2.250 per sq. ft.12 inch ............................... 1.000 per sq. ft.15 inch ............................... 0.640 per sq. ft. 18 inch ............................... 0.444 per sq. ft.24 inch ............................... 0.250 per sq. ft.30 inch ............................... 0.160 per sq. ft.36 inch ............................... 0.111 per sq. ft.48 inch ............................... 0.062 per sq. ft.8 foot ................................. 0.015 per sq. ft.10 foot ................................ 0.010 per sq. ft.

Plant AvailabilityEach species listing is accompanied by a graphic displaying the months when that plant is generally available (indicated by green squares). A selection of grasses, sedges and rushes are now available through the winter months for a slightly higher price, indicated by an additional color. Availability is subject to change.

Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes We harvest and ship these plants as quickly as pos-sible in order to ensure the highest rate of surviv-ability. Due to the highly perishable nature of these plants, we can only harvest and ship orders that are prepaid in full and confirmed in writing.

GradingWe take care to grade and ship high-quality, healthy plants, true to name and count. Height grades are measured from the soil line. Transplants are mostly but not always branched and have more developed root systems than seedlings. If you require spe-cial grading regarding branching or root systems, or quantities other than our standard bundle size, please ask and we will do our best to meet your needs for a small additional charge.

Terms and Conditions Prices in this list are for stock on hand; availability and price may change. Volume discounts are built into this pricing structure. Prices do not include shipping. Non-credit customers or customers placing contract growing orders must submit a 25% deposit. The balance is due in full before shipping for all non-credit customers. We accept Visa and Master Card. A 25% restocking charge will be billed on can-celed or returned orders.

Minimum order: Total order $100.00 minimum. Plants are sold in multiples of 50. Shipping: Bare-root orders will be shipped UPS, Truck Freight or Delivered at cost, unless otherwise specified. All other orders may be picked up by call-ing a few days before you wish to pick up. Tree and shrub orders held for shipping after April 1st must be prepaid and are subject to additional storage charges.

Claims: We take great care to provide quality, healthy nursery stock. However, we can give no guarantee, expressed or implied, as to productive-ness or life span. Any stock received in unsatisfac-tory condition must be reported immediately. Plant claims will be reviewed and credit issued where justified; at no time will we be responsible for more than the purchase price. We do not guarantee plant survivability after leaving our care.

Contact Information

Sales hours: 8 AM-4 PM PST

Monday through Friday

Toll free: 800-416-8640 Fax: 888-506-1236

BARE-ROOT NATIVE PLANT SALES AND SHIPPING Angie O'Hare, [email protected] Georgia Mitchell, [email protected] Shelley Weisberg, [email protected] Phone: (360) 592-2250 Fax: (888) 506-1236 Address: 5652 Sand Road, Bellingham, WA 98226

CONTRACT GROWING & SEED Dylan Levy-Boyd, [email protected] Phone: (360) 592-2250 Fax: (888) 506-1236

PROPAGATION Richard Haard, Ph.D., [email protected]: (360) 592-2250Fax: (888) 506-1236

ACCOUNTING & BILLING Allison Jones, [email protected]: (360) 592-2250Fax: (888) 506-1236Address: 5757 Sand Road, Bellingham, WA 98226

Unit Price 50 100 500 1000

A unit is one plant. All pricing is for individual plants based

on total quantity purchased per species. Bare root plants are

available in bundles of 50 only.

A Note on NomenclatureSeveral species have recently experienced name changes resulting from continuing research. We have listed plants by their current names, with previous or other commonly used names noted. Current names are from the PLANTS Database at http://plants.usda.gov.

Custom Propagation ServicesIf you have a project requiring plant species not list-ed in this publication, plants propagated from seed provenances other than those listed, or very large quantities of plants in a particular size, we encour-age you to consider using our custom propagation services. We have extensive experience produc-ing plants to meet special contract requirements. During the past ten years we have successfully completed growing contracts for the U.S. Forest Service, Seattle City Light, Seattle Metro, and the Washington Departments of Transportation, and Fish & Wildlife. Our experienced staff is always ready to discuss your plant needs – for question about trees, shrubs, perennials, and seed contact Dylan Levy-Boyd, [email protected], for ques-tions about bulbs contact Richard Haard, [email protected].

Wetland Indicator StatusThis edition of the Fourth Corner Nurseries catalog reflects the changes encompassed in the 2016 Na-tional Wetland Plant List (NWPL) yearly update. It is important to note that our catalog lists the wetland indicator status for each plant in the Western Val-leys, Mountains and Coast region, even if the plant occurs in or is native to another region. If you are installing plants outside of this region, please con-sult the NWPL to confirm the status of your plant in the region in which it will be installed. Plants not listed on the NWPL for the Western Mountains, Val-leys, and Coast region (indicated as NL in our cata-log) either do not occur in our region, or have not been tested in our region.

To see the full list, including the indicator status of each plant across all ten regions, please visit: http://rsgisias.crrel.usace.army.mil/NWPL/

OBL - Obligate WetlandAlmost always occurs in wetlands

FACW - Facultative WetlandUsually occurs in wetlands, but may occur in non-wetlands

FAC - Facultative Occurs in wetlands and non-wetlands

FACU - Facultative UplandUsually occurs in non-wetlands, but may occur in wetlands

UPL - UplandAlmost never occurs in wetlands.

NL - Not ListedThese plants are not listed in the Western Valleys, Mountains and Coast region of the NWPL.

CitationsLichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneu-ron 2014-41: 1-42.

Lichvar, R.W. 2013. The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 wet¬land rat-ings. Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1–241. Published 17 July 2013. ISSN 2153 733X

National Wetland Plant List Fact Sheet [Internet]. 2012. US Army Corps of Engineers [USACE];http://rsgisias.crrel.usace.army.mil/NWPL/doc/proc_2012/National_Wetland_Plant_List_Fact_Sheet_May_2012.pdf [cited Aug 17, 2013]

FOR yOUR INFORMATION

Seed Sourcing at Fourth Corner NurseriesAt Fourth Corner Nurseries all of our trees and shrubs, and with a few exceptions, all of the grami-noids, bulbs and herbaceous perennials that we produce are propagated from seed. We take great pride and care in sustainably collecting the major-ity of the seed that we use from wild, genetically diverse populations. Fourth Corner Nurseries propa-gates multiple seed sources of the most common restoration species. In this catalog available sources for each species are listed according to the EPA Level III ecoregion from which the seed originates, two notable exceptions being: 1) conifer species will be organized by the industry’s tree seed zone maps; and 2) species for which the Level III ecoregion is unknown will be or-ganized by state. In the absence of species specific seed zones for native plants, Level III ecoregions show promise as an approximate delimiter between populations under differing ecological conditions. If you prefer to use alternate seed zones, we are happy to work with you to determine if our specific collection sites conform to your project guidelines. Also, Fourth Corner Nurseries continues to provide contract growing options which allow for propaga-tion of particularly collected seed.

To view a map of ecoregions in Washington State, or to link to maps of other regions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-10#pane-45

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Amelanchier utahensis (Utah Serviceberry)Forms a shrub or small tree 6-12' tall. Decidu-ous, blooms in May with clusters of white flowers. Purplish-black fruits stay on the shrub longer than A. alnifolia. Plants provide cover, nesting sites, and food for birds. Generally found on dry, rocky sites above 5,000' from Wyoming to Oregon and south to New Mexico and California. Provenance: UT

Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Non-NativeNative shrub in eastern North America with white flowers and dark purple fruits. Grows well in sunny or partially shady moist sites. Our seed source not from North America. Provenance: Ukraine

Betula occidentalis (Water Birch)Attractive small tree or large clump-forming shrub to 30' tall with reddish-brown bark. Found along streams and in moist forests, Alaska to Califor-nia, east of the Cascades. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch)Widespread across northwestern North America, this native deciduous tree grows to 100'. White peeling bark in older plants and oval to round leaves with golden fall color make this an attractive orna-mental or restoration species.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Calycanthus floridus (Eastern Sweetshrub, Carolina Allspice)Southeastern deciduous shrub with fragrant reddish-brown flowers and persistent seed capsules. Suckering habit 6-10' tall and wide; can handle most soils, full sun to part shade. Provenance: TN

Calycanthus occidentalis (Western Sweetshrub)Attractive California native shrub 6-12' with fra-grant, deep red flowers May-August. Deer resistant, grows in sun to part shade, common in riparian habitats. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea)Showy flowering shrub native to mid-western and eastern North America. The leaves were traditionally used for tea. Prefers sandy or rocky soils in full sun or partial shade. Provenance: IA

Ceanothus cordulatus (Whitethorn Ceanothus)Evergreen shrub with fragrant white flowers, reaching 2-5' tall. Prefers sunny, well-drained conditions and high eleva-tions but can tolerate low light-levels. Native to southwest-ern Oregon, California, Nevada. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Acer circinatum (Vine Maple)Small deciduous tree native to Pacific Northwest forests. Red fall color, irregular growth habit with multiple stems to 25-35'. Has excellent soil bind-ing and erosion control capabilities. Tolerates sun or shade. Closely related to Japanese maples. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Acer glabrum v. douglasii (Douglas Maple)Small deciduous tree to 35'. Prefers drier sites, sun or shade. Leaves are wine-red in fall, twigs and buds red in winter. Has excellent soil binding, ero-sion control capabilities. Grows from British Colum-bia and Alberta south to California and east to Montana and Wyoming.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies, 77-North Cascades

Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf Maple) Grand deciduous shade tree to 100' for large open spaces. Rapid growth quickly provides shade and large woody debris for stream banks. Flowers are an early nectar source. Bright yellow fall color. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Native from British Columbia to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 04-Cascades

Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Mountain Alder, Thinleaf Alder) Native nitrogen-fixing shrub or small tree to 35', with attractive white bark. Prefers moist ground, most commonly found east of the Cascades; widespread across western North America. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Speckled Alder)Spreading, fast-growing shrub or multi-stemmed tree to 25'. Dark grey to reddish- brown bark with white lenticels. An attractive and useful bank stabilizer for moist areas. Found from Saskatchewan to Quebec across the northern Midwest. Provenance: Nova Scotia

Alnus rubra (Red Alder) Rapid-growing native deciduous tree to 80-100'. Nitrogen-fixing pioneer species on mineral soils, yellow fall color. Native from Alaska to California, Idaho, and Montana.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata [A.sinuata, A.crispa] (Sitka Alder) Native shrub or small tree to 20-25'. Nitrogen-fixer with good ornamental or urban buffer tree po-tential; tolerates wide variety of soil and light conditions. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Amelanchier alnifolia (Serviceberry)Lovely shrub from 6-20' tall on moist to dry well-drained sites. Showy white flowers, edible fruit. An important shrub for wildlife habitat. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Native across most of northern North America.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 10-Columbia Plateau, UT

Amelanchier arborea (Common Serviceberry)Eastern North American species with tree habit up to 50' in moist to dry forests and meadows. Heavy flowering February to May and fruiting May to July. Ranges east of the Rockies from Quebec to Texas and northwestern Florida. Provenance: NY

TREES & SHRUBS

Ceanothus cuneatus (Buckbrush)Evergreen shrub to 8' tall with white to pale blue flowers. Extremely drought tolerant. Native in Oregon and California. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Ceanothus sanguineus (Redstem Ceanothus)Deciduous shrub to 9' tall, with red stems and white flow-ers. Difficult to grow in a container. Found on gravelly soil in southern British Columbia to California, eastward to Mon-tana. Provenance: 09-E.Cascade Slope/Foothills, 77-North Cascades

Ceanothus velutinus (Mountain Balm, Snowbrush Ceanothus)This aromatic shrub, native to western North America, grows to 3-12' depending on conditions. An attractive, evergreen ornamental with fragrant white flowers. Prefers sunny or partially shaded conditions, drought tolerant. Nitrogen-fixing capabilities allow the species to thrive in nutrient-poor soils. Difficult to grow in a container. Important host plant and nectar source for butterflies.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades

Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry) Deciduous, drought tolerant tree adaptable to wide ranging habitat conditions. Distinctive, warty bark and edible fruit. Grows from northeastern Canada to Dakotas and Oklahoma with scattered western popula-tions. Makes a good street tree. Provenance: ND

Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Button-bush)Pin-cushion flowers on round deciduous shrub to 12'. Attracts bees and butterflies. Requires moist to wet soil, full sun to part shade. Eastern North America plus Arizona and California. Provenance: MO

Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud)Pea family, multi-stemmed deciduous tree with pink blossoms. Grows 20-30'. Low maintenance, deer resistant; attracts butterflies. Eastern US, southern Ontario and central Mexico. Provenance: Il

Cercocarpus ledifolius (Curl-Leaf Mountain Mahogany)Shrub or small tree to 30’ with time. Evergreen foliage ac-cents white bark; drought-deciduous in extreme conditions. Most widely distributed Mountain Mahogany, native to inland northwest, south to California, Arizona, and Baja California.Provenance: UT

Cercocarpus montanus (Alderleaf Mountain Mahogany)Attractive slow growing shrub or small tree. Drought tol-erant, full sun. Pale yellow flowers in spring. The plants shimmer in summer and fall with feathery silver plumes of seeds. Ranges from southern Oregon and California to Rocky Mountains. Provenance: UT

Cercocarpus montanus v. glaber [betuloides] (Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany)Evergreen shrub or small tree, 6-20’ tall. Similar to C. mon-tanus in form. Nitrogen-fixing, good for wildlife. Native in coastal chaparral and pinelands, southwestern Oregon through California and inland to Arizona. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada.

Cornus amomum (Silky Dogwood)Eastern dogwood with silky hairs on leaf undersides; prefers moist soil, shade-tolerant. Branches may root at nodes to form thickets. Blue berries attract birds. Native in northeast-ern US west to the Mississippi. Provenance: IA

Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf Maple)

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TREES & SHRUBS

Cornus obliqua (Swamp Dogwood)Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub to 12'. Prefers wet condi-tions with high organic matter, but can grow in sand. Good wildlife shrub. Range from eastern Kansas to Ontario and Quebec. Provenance: WI

Cornus nuttallii (Pacific Dogwood)Small tree to 40' tall with rich green leaves, gray-green beneath. White flowers in April or May, often sporadic blooming in summer. Red to orange fruit in fall. Difficult to establish due to disease susceptibility.Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Cornus racemosa (Gray Dogwood)An eastern dogwood for poorer, moist to semi-dry soils. Grows 10-15' and suckers from base; attracts birds and but-terflies. Missouri north to Maine and Canada. Provenance: IA

Cornus sericea [stolonifera] (Redtwig Dogwood, Red Osier Dogwood)Thicket-forming native shrub with dark red stems, white flow-er clusters, white berries. Great wildlife and erosion-control plant. Grows to 10-14' tall, often used as an ornamental. Na-tive across most of North America. Our Puget Lowland strain is disease resistant here. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 10-Co-lumbia Plateau, 15-Northern Rockies, 77-North Cascades

Corylus cornuta v. californica (Beaked Hazelnut)Small tree or multistem shrub to 25' tall in sun or shade. Excellent wildlife plant; nuts are food for birds and squirrels. Coppices quickly after disturbance. Native from British Colum-bia south through the coastal states to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades

Crataegus douglasii [v. douglasii] (Douglas Hawthorn, Black Hawthorn)Shrubby tree to 30' tall with large thorns, white flowers in early spring, and black fruit. Excellent wildlife plant; flowers attract butterflies and fruit attracts birds. Commonly found along streams throughout most of northern North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 10-Columbia Plateau

Dasiphora [Potentilla] fruticosa (Shrubby Cinquefoil)Yellow flowering, deciduous prostrate spreading shrub to 4'. Tolerant of poor soil, drought, and herbivores. A great plant for challenging conditions. Circum-boreal distribution to US Southwest, upper Midwest, and Northeast. Provenance: 77-North Cascades

Frangula [Rhamnus] purshiana (Cascara Buck-thorn)Small tree with glossy green deciduous leaves, reaching 40'. Excellent ornamental potential. Pre-fers moist soils in full sun to partial shade. Birds like the black fruit, and beavers rarely bother this tree in stream bank plantings. Grows from British Columbia south to Califor-nia, east through Idaho and Montana. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills

Frangula [Rhamnus] rubra (Sierra Coffeeberry)Deciduous shrub native to montane forests of Northern Cali-fornia. Small black fruit in spring and yellow foliage in fall. Grows to 7' tall. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash)Northwest native deciduous tree to 60'. A true wet-land tree with bright green, pinnately compound leaves. Wildlife enjoy seeds. British Columbia south through California, primarily west of Cascade Range. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Gaultheria shallon (Salal) Broad-leaved evergreen shrub native to the west-ern coast states. Bears teardrop white flowers and edible, blueberry-like fruit. Prefers at least partial shade, grows to 4'. Cloned from selected western Washington lowland plants. Available only in containers.

Hamamelis virginiana (American Witchhazel) Fall flowering deciduous shrub to 20'. Can form dense clumps on dry, upland sites. Spidery yellow flowers slightly fragrant. Leaves and bark well-known for medicinal uses. Distribution primarily east of the Mississippi north to Ontario and Quebec. Provenance: PA

Holodiscus discolor (Ocean Spray)Deciduous shrub to 8-15', with creamy white flow-ers in long clusters, orange fall color. Provides nectar for pollinators, larval food for many butter-fly species, and seeds for birds. Prefers partial shade to full sun and well-drained soil. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Native from British Columbia south to California and Arizona, east to Montana.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 77-North Cascades

Lonicera hispidula (Hairy Honeysuckle)West Coast native trailing, deciduous vine with pink flowers and red fruits. Grows to 6’, sun to shade, drought tolerant. Hummingbirds like the flowers, other birds the red berries. Can climb, or use as groundcover. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Lonicera involucrata (Black Twinberry)Deciduous shrub 6-14' in height. Yellow flow-ers and purplish-black fruit are great for wild-life. This shrub is fast growing and provides excellent erosion control. Prefers moist, open to partially shaded sites. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Grows throughout the western states and across Canada. Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willa-mette Valley

Note: Mahonia aquifolium often defoliates during transplant-ing, however, once new roots are established they will quickly re-foliate. Mahonia [Berberis] aquifolium (Tall Oregon Grape)A Northwest native shrub with shiny evergreen foliage, yellow flowers and dusty-blue ber-ries. Prefers moist to dry well-drained soil in full sun to partial shade. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plant-ings. Grows to 3-7' in height, strongly rhizomatous. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, 77-North Cascades

Mahonia [Berberis] nervosa (Cascade Oregon Grape)Rhizomatous, evergreen shrub with yellow flowers in early spring followed by blue berries. Grows in dry to moist well-drained soil in partial to full shade. Native from Washington to California, and northern Idaho. Avail-able late November and December only or in containers. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foot-hills

Mahonia [Berberis] repens (Creeping Oregon Grape)Evergreen groundcover for sun or part shade, yellow flowers early spring, 12-18" tall. Native from the Pacific states to the Rockies. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 15-Northern Rockies

Malus [Pyrus] fusca (Pacific Crabapple) Shrubby tree to 35' tall. Flowers and fruits are at-tractive and beneficial for many kinds of wildlife. Prefers moist to wet habitats, including near salt water and estuaries as well as freshwater locations. Native from Alaska and British Columbia south to northwestern California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Myrica gale (Sweet Gale)Deciduous shrub 3-4' tall. Found along margins of bogs, estuaries, and lakes across northern North America; leaves emit sweet scent when rubbed. Coppices quickly after disturbance, waxy fruits eaten by birds in winter. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Oemleria cerasiformis (Indian Plum) Our earliest native spring bloomer, reaching 12-18' with white flowers and purple fruit. A bird favorite. This is one of our most attractive and beneficial native shrubs for landscape use. Coppices quickly after dis-turbance, best in moist rich soil, sun to partial shade. Grows west of the Cascades and Sierras, from British Columbia to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Paxistima myrsinites (Oregon Box) Western native evergreen shrub reaching 2-3' tall. Attractive plant for sunny or partially shady sites with well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Cloned from selected northwest Washington plants. Native to the western states. Available in containers.

Philadelphus lewisii (Mock Orange)An attractive, hardy native with fragrant, white flowers; at-tracts butterflies. Prefers a sunny well-drained site. Grows to 8-12' tall from British Columbia and Alberta south to Califor-nia, Idaho, and Montana. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies

Photinia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) please see Aronia melanocarpa

Physocarpus capitatus (Pacific Ninebark)Tall shrub with attractive leaves and beauti-ful creamy-white pom-pom flower clusters in spring. Benefits wildlife with cover, nesting sites, and food. Fibrous roots have excellent soil binding qualities. Prefers moist ground in sun to partial shade; 15-18'. Grows from Alaska south to California, and in Idaho. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Physocarpus malvaceus (Mallow Ninebark)Native deciduous shrub of canyons, hillsides, and open for-ests from eastern Washington to western Montana, south to Utah. Rounded clusters of white flowers in late spring, grows to 6'. Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies

Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood)Western North American deciduous tree. Fast growing to 120'. Likes deep moist soils and full sun. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 10-Co-lumbia Plateau

Acer circinatum (Vine Maple)

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TREES & SHRUBS

Populus tremuloides (Quaking Aspen)North American native tree to 90'. White bark and heart-shaped “quaking” leaves make it nice as a small grove. Spreads by rhizomes. Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies

Prunus americana (American Plum)Small tree to 25'; white flower clusters and edible fruit. Drought tolerant and somewhat thorny. Good for birds. Scattered across much of North America; absent in some western states. Most widely distributed na-tive plum. Provenance: SD

Prunus emarginata (Bitter Cherry)Western North American shrub or small tree, reaching 45' in height. Common in moist forests, along streams, and in open areas. Bright red fruit is wildlife food. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Prunus pensylvanica (Pin Cherry)Shrub or small tree to 40'. Blooms with white clusters more compact than P. emar-ginata. Bright red fruit July to August. Forms thickets in moist soil. Grows across northern tier of North America into upper Midwest and Northeast. Provenance: PA

Prunus pumila v. besseyi (Western Sandcherry)Deciduous, suckering shrub 4-6’ tall and wide. White flow-ers in spring, cherry-like, edible dark purple fruit in sum-mer. Leathery grey-green leaves turn red and purple in autumn. Native to Oregon, Utah, and the Rockies east through the Midwest. Provenance: 18-Wyoming Basin.

Prunus virginiana v. melanocarpa (Black Choke Cherry)Shrub or small tree to 20', native to western North America. Black fruits are favored by birds. Commonly found in moist sites east of the Cascades. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies

Quercus garryana (Garry Oak) Our coastal oak, native from British Columbia to California. A broad, gnarled deciduous tree to 80’ tall. Acorns are wildlife food. Prefers good drain-age. Ours are root-pruned for transplant success. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Quercus montana (Chestnut Oak)These trees grow on rocky ridges in the eastern United States, generally 50-70’ tall, possibly taller in better soil. Heavily ridged dark grey-brown bark, with leaves that are toothed along the margins instead of deeply lobed like most oaks. Leaves have yellow to rusty-orange autumn color. Twigs and acorns are a good wildlife food; the acorns are 1- 1 ½” long, among the largest acorns in the US.Provenance: 57-Huron/Erie Lake Plains.

Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara Buckthorn) please see Frangula purshiana Rhamnus rubra (Sierra Coffeeberry) please see Frangula rubra

Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac)North American native rhizomatous shrub to 15' tall, prefers sun and well-drained soil. Bright orange-red fall color, red berries are good wildlife food. Will spread to form a thicket, control erosion. Provenance: 41-Canadian Rockies

Rhus trilobata (Skunkbrush Sumac)Western native drought tolerant shrub to 6' tall. Small flower clusters lead to fuzzy orange fruits. Provenance: AZ, UT

Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac)Eastern North American native shrub or small tree to 24' tall, with down-covered stems, good fall color. Suckering habit. Provenance: PA

Ribes aureum (Golden Currant) Attractive deciduous shrub to 9’ tall, with fragrant yellow flowers and fruit that attracts birds. Found east of the Cascades in moist to dry sites, and across much of the United States.Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau, 13-Central Basin and Range

Ribes cereum (Wax Currant) Native deciduous shrub to 6' tall, with white to light pink flowers and red fruit. Found east of the Cascades in dry sunny locations. Also grows across much of the western United States and into British Columbia.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 10-Columbia Plateau

Ribes divaricatum (Black Gooseberry) Heavily thorned small shrub from moist to wet habitats west of the mountains, Washington to California. Black fruit is wildlife food. Good for hedgerow, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Ribes sanguineum (Red Flowering Currant) Shrub with showy pink-red flowers in the spring that attract hummingbirds, and dark blue berries. Prefers well-drained conditions in sun or partial shade. Grows 6-12'. Native west of the Cascades and Sierras from southern British Columbia to California. This species may be difficult to grow in containers.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose) Northeastern North American wild rose with mostly smooth stems and pink flower clusters turn-ing to small red hips. Forms rhizomatous thickets 4-7' tall in edge habitats. Known to hybridize with R. woodsii and R. rugosa. Provenance: MN

Rosa gymnocarpa (Bald Hip Rose) Western native rose with masses of pink flowers and small red hips, nice in dry shade plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Rosa nutkana (Nootka Rose) Western native rose with showy pink flowers, and large, solitary hips. Strongly rhizomatous, will form thickets 6-8' tall in dryish to moist habitats. Good for erosion control, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Rosa pisocarpa (Peafruit Rose) Western rose native from British Columbia to northern California with clusters of pink flowers and small red hips. Rhizomatous, grows 6-8', likes moist habitats. Good for erosion control, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Rosa rugosa (Rugosa Rose) Non-nativeIntroduced shrubby rose with pink or white fra-grant flowers and large red hips. Good for urban plantings.Provenance: Ukraine

Rosa woodsii (Wood's Rose) Rhizomatous rose with pink flowers and clusters of red hips. Native east of the Cascades, and Sierras in California, east to the Dakotas and Nebraska.Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau, 15-Northern Rockies

Rubus leucodermis (Black Cap Raspberry) Western North American prickly shrub to 5’ tall, with tasty black fruit. Not rhizomatous, but arching branches will root at the tip to form new clumps. Tolerates dry rocky soils, partial shade. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 04-Cascades

Rubus parviflorus (Thimbleberry) Vigorous shrub to 5-8', rhizomatous, with good soil binding properties. A common plant with showy white flowers and edible red fruit, beneficial for wildlife. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Prefers moist to dry soil in sun or partial shade. Native across west-ern North America, and from the Great Lakes to Hudson Bay. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Rubus spectabilis (Salmonberry)Native to the west coast of North America, this shrub grows 6-10’, with reddish-purple flowers and edible fruit. Flowers are an important early nectar source. Rhizomatous and thicket-forming in moist to wet conditions. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Rubus ursinus (Pacific Blackberry)Prickly vine, with long trailing stems root-ing at the tip, white flowers, and tasty black berries. Common along the coast and in lowland clearings, from British Columbia to Califor-nia, Idaho and Montana. Tolerates salt spray in shore-line and bluff plantings. Good for erosion control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Salix bebbiana (Bebb Willow) Common willow in wet to dry sites. Shrubby, to 12' tall. Native from the Cascades to the Rockies, and across the northern states to New England. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Salix exigua (Sandbar Willow)Western North American native willow commonly found on sandy steambanks and lakeshores. In Washington, only present east of the Cascades. Quick to form thickets and stabilize steambanks, can be ag-gressive under some conditions. Grows to 20'.Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Salix geyeriana (Geyer Willow) Western North American native willow to 15’ tall for wet habitats. Provides food for small birds and mammals, which eat buds, shoots, leaves, and catkins. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Salix hookeriana [piperi] (Hooker Willow) A coastal wet habitat willow with cottony leaves and stems. Has a shrubby growth form reaching 20' tall, and produces a good spring bloom. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Lonicera involucrata (Black Twinberry)

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Symphoricarpos oreophilus v. utahensis (Utah Snowberry) Deciduous shrub reaching 5' in height, with puffy white fruits. Found in open sites east of the Cascades.Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Vaccinium ovatum (Evergreen Huckleberry)West coast native evergreen shrub, densely bushy to 6-8' tall, light pink flowers and blue berries. Most common in semi-open woods, in soils high in organic matter. A lovely shrub for ornamental plantings. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities, toler-ant of salt spray. Cloned from selected western Washington lowland plants. Available in containers only.

Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry)Deciduous huckleberry found in the understory of western forests. Prefers moist soil with plenty of organic matter, fruits better with more sunshine. Cloned from selected northwestern Washington lowland plants. Available in containers only.

Viburnum ellipticum (Oval Leaved Viburnum)Northwest native deciduous shrub to 12' tall, with white flowers, black fruit, and reddish fall color. Found in dry, open woodlands in southern Washington to northern Cali-fornia, but can tolerate moist sites with dappled shade. Drought tolerant, good restoration plant for dry sites. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Viburnum opulus v. americanum (American Cranberrybush)Native across Canada and northern tier of United States in moist to swampy habitats. Shrubby growth to 8-12' tall and wide with white lacecap flowers in late spring, drooping clusters of cranberry-like fruits in the fall. Plants attract birds and butterflies.Provenance: NY.

Viburnum opulus v. opulus (European Cran-berry Bush) Non-nativeNaturalized in our area. Attractive fall foliage and red berries in winter. Prefers sunny aspect. Grows to 10'.

Yucca glauca (Small Soapweed) Evergreen perennial with tough sword-shaped leaves and greenish-white flowers in tall clusters. Native from Montana south to Texas and New Mexico. Provenance: AZ, CO

TREES & SHRUBS

Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow)Shrubby willow to 30' with yellow to red-brown branches. Grows near fresh or salt water in silt, sand, gravel. Native to the Pacific Coast states and inland, south to northern Mexico. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Pacific Willow)Shrubby tree to 40-60' tall with elongated leaves, and yellow-green bark. Excellent soil binding and wildlife enhancing properties. Likes wet habitats. Grows across North America.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley

Salix piperi (Hooker Willow) please see Salix hookeriana

Salix prolixa [rigida v. macrogemma] (Heartleaft Willow, MacKenzie's Willow)Native shrubby willow to 25'; common along rivers in western North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 10-Columbia Plateau

Salix rigida v. macrogemma (Heartleaft Willow, MacK-enzie's Willow) please see Salix prolixa

Salix scouleriana (Scouler's Willow) Fast-growing, multistemmed tree common on the coast and inland in moist to dry conditions in grav-elly soils, full sun to partial shade. Drought and salt spray tolerant. Grows 30-50' tall. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Rapidly colonizes burned areas. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley

Salix sessilifolia [fluviatilis] (Northwest Sandbar Willow) Native streambank willow with strong running roots. Excellent erosion control qualities. Grows to about 25' tall. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Salix sitchensis (Sitka Willow) Our most common shrubby willow, coast to moun-tains. Tolerates wide range of soil and moisture conditions in full sun to partial shade. Excellent erosion control qualities. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley

Sambucus caerulea (Blue Elderberry) please see Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea

Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea (Blue Elderberry) Northwest native shrub 15-20' tall, with showy white flower clusters that attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Blue fruit is wildlife food and can be made into jellies and wines. Prefers moist to dry soils in sun to partial shade. Fast-growing once established, provides some erosion control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies

Sambucus racemosa (Red Elderberry) One of the best shrubs for wildlife. A dense, pyra-midal shrub with clusters of creamy-white flowers that attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Red fruit is loved by many bird species. Vigorous, to 20'. Toler-ates salt spray in shoreline plantings, provides some erosion control. Native across most of North America.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Shepherdia canadensis (Soapberry) Native nitrogen-fixing shrub to 15' tall with russet leaves and stems, red berries. Prefers well-drained sites in sun or partial shade. Coastal strain is rela-tively fast-growing, tolerates salt spray. Interior strain is very slow-growing.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies

Spiraea betulifolia (Shiny Leaf Spirea) Low native shrub to 2-3' with beautiful ornamental qualities, soft green foliage and white flower clus-ters in early summer. Dry, sunny to partially shaded conditions. Drought tolerant.Provenance: 77-North Cascades

Spiraea densiflora (Subalpine Spirea) please see Spiraea splendens

Spiraea douglasii (Hardhack Spirea)Deciduous shrub native to western North America, grows 6-12' tall with showy pink flowers. Prefers wet habitats, sea level to subalpine, spreading vig-orously by rhizomes. Competes favorably with reed canary grass. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Spiraea splendens [densiflora] (Subalpine Spirea) Low shrub to 3' tall with pink flowers. Likes moist conditions in sun or partial shade. Native to the mountains in western North America. Provenance: 77-North Cascades

Symphoricarpos albus (Common Snowberry) Common deciduous shrub to 4-7’ tall with persis-tent white fruit, which is an important winter food source for birds. Spreading by rhizomes, this shrub provides excellent erosion control and is tolerant of a wide range of conditions from wet to dry, full sun to mostly shady. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Native across most of North America.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies, 77-North Cascades

Symphoricarpos hesperius [mollis v. hesperius] (Trailing Snowberry) Prostrate shrub with light pink flowers and white berries. Na-tive in Pacific coast states and Idaho woodlands. Provenance: 04-Cascades

Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Western Snow-berry)Deciduous shrub found in moist places east of the Cascades. Small white berries often cling through winter to provide food for wildlife. Native east of the Cas-cades in Washington, southern British Columbia to Utah and east to the Atlantic coast.Provenance: ND

Willows for RestorationAll of our bare root willows (and live stakes, since most are harvested from seeded beds) are propagated directly from seed collected yearly from wild populations. The ecological advantages of this approach (vs. stock derived purely from hardwood cuttings) are: 1) enhanced genetic variability bestowed by sexual recombination, and 2) automatic inclusion of both males and females - ensuring that the new planting will be self-sustaining.

Willows can be variable in their morphology. We identify our stock carefully, but our Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra, for example, may look somewhat different than the plants in your area due to natural variation within the species.

Philadelphus lewisii (Mock Orange)

Spiraea betulifolia (Shiny Leaf Spirea)

Pinus contorta v. contorta (Shore Pine) Two-needled pine with rounded stature to 40'. Adaptable to many soil types, from moist areas around lakes and bogs west of the Cascades to well-drained or nutrient-poor locations. Tolerates salt spray along shorelines. Native from Alaska south to northern Cali-fornia.Seed Zone: 053.05

Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine) Long-lived tree native to the western United States. Grows 55-90' tall, drought tolerant, found in wide variety of soils, from fine textured to rocky, shallow to deep. The seeds are eaten by many birds, and the needles provide food for grouse. Seed zone: PIPO05.25

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) Fast-growing, long-lived tree with densely set, soft needles that are dark green to blue-green in color. Native to western North America. Grows to 70-250' in height, preferably in deep, moist soil and full sun. Seed Zone: PSME04.00, PSME07.10, PSME08.10

8

CONIFERS

Abies amabilis (Pacific Silver Fir)Tall forest tree, grows from southeastern Alaska to western British Columbia and south to northwest-ern California. It ranges from sea level in the north to above 3000’ in the Cascades, and above 7000’ in the southern end of the range. The old common name for this tree--lovely fir (amabilis means lovely)--is quite fitting; the grey bark with horizontal resin blisters and dark green flat needles clothing the branches are very lovely. As the trees age the bark darkens and develops furrows.Seed zone: ABAM02.30

Abies grandis (Grand Fir)The most common true fir of the lowlands, with glossy, deep green needles, grand fir provides important cover, nesting sites, and seeds for birds, squirrels, and other wildlife. Maximum height 200-250'. Na-tive from British Columbia south to California, Idaho, and Montana.Seed Zone: ABGR08.15

Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) Lowland conifer reaching 120-200' tall, common in wet habitats. Fast growing, with dense root sys-tems for erosion control. Provides important wild-life habitat and shade for streams. Our plug stock was select-ed for best resistance to bud worm. Native from Alaska south to California. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Seed Zone: PISI02.05

Sequoia sempirvirens (Redwood) Large, fast-growing tree, generally grows to 70-90', although can grow well over 100'. Attractive dark reddish bark and soft green needles. Native to coastal strip from southwest-ern Oregon to central California, however they do not toler-ate ocean winds and salt spray. Generally grow below 3000' elevation. Seed zone: 095.05 (CA Tree Seed Zone Map)

Thuja plicata (Western Red Cedar) A magnificent tree along the coast with droop-ing branches. Shade tolerant but not dependent. Grows to 80-200' tall in moist to wet soils. Native from southeastern Alaska to the northern coast of California.Seed Zone THPL01.10, THPL02.05, THPL02.10

Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock) An important conifer in western forests, tolerant of sun or shade in well-drained soil. Recognized by its graceful pendant branches and spire-like drooping crown. Grows to 200' tall. Seed Zone: TSHE02.05

Conifer Seed ZonesConifer seed zones are not listed by ecoregions; they are listed by forest seed zones, either the old seed zones (ie:051.10), or the new seed zones (ie:THPL02.10), de-pending on the information we had. To learn more about the new tree seed zones go to www.forestseedlingnet-work.com/resources/seed-zone-maps.

Conifers come frozen, except the transplants (P-1), and can be planted frozen or thawed. Once the plugs thaw their shelf-life is shorter; they should be planted within 1 week.

P-1

Height Range12-24"

18

24

Live stakes come in bundles of 50, are made to order, and are available for the following species. Caliper will vary from 1/4" -1"; we cannot grade to caliper size. Please specify your desired length when you place your order. We can accommodate up to 5' lengths on most species. Live stakes have the highest success rate in our area when planted between October and March. Please call for price and availability.

Cornus sericea (Redtwig Dogwood, Red Osier Dogwood) Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood) Salix hookeriana (Hooker Willow) Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Pacific Willow) Salix sitchensis (Sitka Willow)

LIVE STAKES

Jay seeding the field.

Rich collecting seed for emergent plants.

9

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Native Plants JournalEdited by Stephen Love ISSN: 1522-8339, e-ISSN: 1548-4785, 3/year

Native Plants Journal is a forum for dispersing practical infor-mation about planting and growing North American (Canada, Mexico, and U.S.) native plants for conservation, restoration, reforestation, landscaping, highway corridors, and related uses. Topics include seed germination, planting techniques and tools, equipment, cultural techniques, production trends, seed collection, genetics, and fertilization. The second issue of each year includes the Native Plants Materials Directory, which provides information about producers of native plant materials in the U.S. and Canada. Subscribers receive online access to all back issues; volumes one through five are open access and available at npj.uwpress.org.

The University of Wisconsin Press publishes related journals which may be of interest to you: Ecological Restoration, Land Economics, and Landscape Journal. Please visit uwpress.org to browse free sample issues of any of the journals.

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What’s New at Fourth Corner Nurseries(continued from page 1)

Echinacea purpurea (Eastern Purple Cone Flower)

Viola adunca (Prairie Violet)

Allium acuminatum (Hooker’s Onion)

Allium acuminatum (Hooker’s Onion) — Typical large and small bulb sizes

Lilium pardalinum (Leopard Lily)

Triteleia [Brodiaea] hyacinthina (Fool’s Onion)

10

Grasses, Sedges, Rushes: At any one time we have about 500,000 grami-noids in the ground that can be dug for your project, especially if there is some flexibil-ity with species. We sell them as bare root plants, not by height or root spread, which vary through the season. In spring all graminoids are just inches tall because they have just started growing, and by summer they can be 1-5' tall, depending on the species. Some species are sold as a rhizome with one shoot and one bud, and others as a clump of stems.

Carex obnupta (Slough Sedge) — Typical individual plant on the right, and bundle of 50 on the left

Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush)—Showing shoot and buds on rhizomes

Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush) growing in the field

Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited Bulrush) — Showing typical individual plants

Carex lyngbyei (Lyngby’s Sedge) in the field

Juncus tenuis (Slender Rush) in the field

Aquatics: We have a new section of aquatic plants in the catalog—it is our first experience growing them in large numbers and we are very excited with the results. Our aquatic plants include Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain), Acorus americanus (Sweetflag), Comarum palustre [Po-tentilla palustris] (Purple Marshlock), Menyan-thes trifoliata (Buckbean), Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Rocky Mountain Pond-lily), Sagit-taria latifolia (Wapato, Broadleaf Arrowhead), and Veronica americana (American Speedwell).

Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain)

Menyanthes trifoliata (Buckbean)

Sagittaria latifolia (Wapato, Broadleaf Arrowhead)

Perennials and Bulbs:

11

Huckleberry and Port Wine SorbetHere’s a deeply flavorful, soft, and gorgeous burgundy sorbet made with wild huckleberries and port wine. Try adding a sprig of fresh mint to the poaching liquid for a bright, fresh tone.Yield: 8 servings

Eating Native −Recipes from the fieldLocal Bellingham resident Jennifer Hahn, a writer, naturalist, and adventurous cook, has a wonderful book of recipes using native plants. It is called Pacific Feast: A Cook’s Guide to West Coast Foraging and Cuisine. She collected reci-pes from well-known chefs up and down the Pacific Coast. This sorbet recipe is from a local chef, Lynn Berman with Pastazza. And check out Jenny’s website www.pacificfeast.com.

Jenny harvesting Alaskan fireweed blossoms for salad.

1 cup port wine or Gewurztraminer (sweet wines work nicely)1 cup water2/3 cup sugar8 cups huckleberriesIn a small saucepan over medium heat, bring to a simmer wine, water, and sugar. Add huck-leberries and bring back to a simmer. Remove from heat and cool. Puree cooled mixture in a food processor and strain through a fine mesh strainer. Follow the directions on your ice cream maker for freezing. However, if you don’t have an ice cream maker, here’s an option:

Freeze the berry-wine mix in a shallow glass baking pan overnight. When it is frozen, you should be able to cut the sorbet into chunks with a sharp knife. Puree the frozen chunks in a food processor until smooth. This will break up the crystals and make a smoother sorbet. Refreeze for approximately 3-4 hours. Serve in a chilled dish.

AUTHOR’S NOTE: The more sugar and/or wine added, the softer the sorbet will be. Alcohol, honey, or sugar reduces ice crystals.

Wetland Sod:An exciting new project we are working on is growing wetland sod mats to be used in proj-ects. We have used four species so far: Carex obnupta (Slough Sedge), Juncus effuses (Soft Rush), Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bul-rush), and Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited Bulrush), but anticipate the potential of using most of our graminoid species in this sod. Wet-land sod is always done with a contract; please contact us if you are interested in using it for your projects.

Wetland Sod — showing strong root development

New Species: We are expanding our selection of woody and perennial plants to incorporate species na-tive to the upper Midwest and eastern U.S. Some of these new woody species are: Cepha-lanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), Cornus amomun (Silky Dogwood), Cornus obli-qua (Swamp Dogwood), Hamamelis virginiana (American Witchhazel), Prunus americana (American Plum), and Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose). New perennials include: several species of Symphyotrichum (Asters), Coreopsis lanceo-lata (Lanceleaf Tickseed), Hibiscus moscheutos (Crimsoneyed Rosemallow), and two Monarda (Spotted Beebalm and Wild Bergamot) species.

Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush)

Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose)

Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot)

Monarda punctata (Spotted Beebalm)

Container Sizing: Our plants are generally sold bare root, al-though we grow some perennials, shrubs, and trees in 2", 4", or 1 gallon containers. We have had good success growing plants in new sizes: 10 cubic inch and 6.5 cubic inch tubes, 72-cell trays (3.6 cubic inch), 200-cell trays (1.2 cubic inch), and 128-cell styroblocks (5.1 cubic inch).

Tube trays

6.5 cubic inch and 10 cubic inch tubes

Website: Lastly, we encourage you to look at our web-site, http://fourthcornernurseries.com. You will discover a lot of information there, including many photos of plants, articles on many topics, sections on finding the right plant by habitat, designing a project, and current availability/price lists.

Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry)

Abronia latifolia (Coastal Sand Verbena) Prostrate, succulent, mat-forming perennial with bright yellow flowers in round-topped clusters. Commonly found on west coast beaches. Trailing stems to 3' long, grows 2-4" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60

Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow) North American native perennial herb, to 1-3' tall. Soft fern-like foliage; white or pink flower clusters attract butterflies. Rhizomatous and drought toler-ant nature make for effective as well as attractive erosion control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35

Ageratina altissima [Eupatorium rugosum] (White Snakeroot) Fragrant white flowers from late summer through the fall characterize this rhizomatous perennial. Grows 1-3' tall, part sun to light shade, moist to slightly dry soil in woodlands, shady meadows and slopes. Attractive to many insects, but poisonous to mammals.


Allium cernuum (Nodding Onion)Small wild onion native across most of North America with nodding umbels of pink flowerets.Grows 4-20" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Please see our BULB section for more Allium species

Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain), please see AQUATICS.

Ambrosia chamissonis (Silver Bur Ragweed) Native to coastal beaches from southeastern Alaska to south-ern California. This large, sprawling perennial has deeply lobed, silver-woolly leaves and grows to about 3'. The plant is sweet-smelling (‘ambrosia’ was, in Greek and Roman culture, ‘food of the gods’).Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Anaphalis margaritacea (Western Pearly Ever-lasting) North American native perennial with attractive white flower clusters, woolly gray-green foliage. Rhizomatous and drought tolerant, effective for erosion control, also a good butterfly plant. Grows 1-4' tall.Provenance: 77-North Cascades


Anemone multifida (Pacific Anemone) Wildflower native across much of North America in meadows, open forests, and rocky slopes, from low elevation up into the mountains. Creamy-yellow to pink cup-shaped flowers and cottony seed heads; historic medicinal use. Grows 4-24" tall.Provenance: CO


Antennaria microphylla (Rosy Pussytoes) Mat-forming perennial with white-woolly leaves, and white to pink-tinged flower clusters on 2-12" stems. Does well in dry sites with full sun to partial shade. Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies


Aquilegia canadensis (Eastern Red Columbine) Grows from the eastern edge of the Great Plains through the upper Midwest/Great Lakes region across to New England, in open woods, stream-banks, and rocky slopes. Red and yellow flowers in late spring, 2-3' tall. Prefers moist soil and light shade, but can grow in full sun. Attractive to hummingbirds.


12

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS

Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard) Circumboreal, from southern British Columbia to northern California, this 3-6' tall perennial hasshowy plumes of white flowers. Flowers in sun or shade. Grows in damp to wet rocky areas, stream banks, meadows, and forest openings, from low elevation up into the mountains. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Asarum caudatum (Wild Ginger) Groundcover in moist shady areas redolent of ed-ible ginger. Curious maroon flowers hide under heart-shaped leaves. Rhizomatous, can form large mats. Grows from sea level to about 3000’, from southern British Columbia south to northwestern California, Idaho, and Montana. Available only in containers.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed) Long, narrow leaves and large clusters of white to pale lavender flowers in summer distinguish this milkweed. Grows 2-4' tall. Native from southeast-ern Washington south through California and adjacent Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, in open fields and meadows. More toler-ant of clay soil and garden conditions than most milkweeds.Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada


Asclepias speciosa (Showy Milkweed) Widespread across western North America in drier habitats. Rhizomatous perennial with pink to red-dish-purple flowers, grows to 4'. Found commonly east of the Cascades in moist, loamy to sandy soil. Showy fragrant flowers attract butterflies and other pollinators. Provenance: 05-SierraNevada, 10-Columbia Plateau


Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed) Long-blooming prairie perennial with bright orange flowers in flat-topped clusters, attracts butterflies, grows 1- 3'. Native from the Southwest to the Great Lakes region and across the eastern U.S. to the Atlantic coast. Full sun, drought tolerant; self-seeds once established.Provenance: MN


Aster curtus (Columbian Whitetop Aster) please see Sericocarpus rigidus

Aster leave (Smooth Blue Aster) please see Symphyot-richum laeve

Aster lateriflorum (Calico Aster) please see Symphyot-richum lateriflorum

Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster) please see Symphyotrichum novae-angliae

Aster subspicatus (Douglas Aster) please see Symphyotrichum subspicatumv. subspicatum

Balsamorhiza deltoidea (Deltoid Balsamroot) Northwest perennial with basal leaves and large yellow sunflower-like flowers. Prefers dry sunny habitats at low elevations, from southern British Columbia to California. Transplants best in the fall. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Balsamorhiza sagittata (Arrowleaf Balsamroot) Perennial with showy yellow sunflower-like flowers. Found in dry grassy habitats east of the Cascades, and across the western states. Transplants best in the fall. Grows 1-2' tall.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Aquilegia coerulea (Rocky Mountain Colum-bine, Colorado Blue Columbine) Showy blue and white flowered perennial native to the interior west. Found in moist, open to partially shaded sites. Grows 6-30" tall.Provenance: CO


Aquilegia formosa (Western Columbine) Western North American native perennial to 3' tall, with showy reddish-orange and yellow flowers.Found in moist, sunny to partially shaded sites. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, 04-Cas-cades


Argentina egedii [Potentilla anserina, P. pacifica] (Pacific Silverweed) Circumboreal, low-growing perennial, strongly stoloniferous. A quickly spreading groundcover with attractive yellow flow-ers, and leaves with silvery undersides. Found along edges of lakes and streams, wet meadows, and on sandy beaches. Salt-tolerant for shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Armeria maritima (Sea Thrift) Circumpolar plant of saltwater shorelines with tufted narrow leaves and globular pink flowers. Attracts native pollinators. Drought tolerant. The native species exhibits twisted leaves and flowering stems distinctive from commercial varieties. Grows 6-12" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Arnica chamissonis (Leafy Arnica, Chamisso Arnica) Native across Canada and the western United States, this herbaceous perennial has cheerful yel-low daisy flowers and topical medicinal value. Prefers moist meadows. Provenance: CO


Artemisia suksdorfii (Coastal Mugwort, Coastal Wormwood) Perennial with clustered stems to 4' and leaves green above and cottony white below. Pleasing sage scent when brushed. Common near the coast on bluffs, and on rocky, gravelly, or sandy beaches, from southern British Columbia to northwestern California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


UNIT PRICEGRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+



Allium cernuum (Nodding Onion)

Anaphalis margaritacea (Western Pearly Everlasting)

13

HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS UNIT PRICEGRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+



Boykinia occidentalis (Coastal Brookfoam) This streamside associate sports sprays of tiny white flowers borne on tall stems anchored in basal foliage. Tolerates summer drought. Native from southern British Columbia to California. Grows 1-2' tall. Po-tential rain garden plant.Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Chamerion [Epilobium] angustifolium (Fireweed) Widespread North American native perennial to 4-6' tall, with showy pink flowers, good for honey production and but-terflies. Strong rhizomes provide excellent erosion control. Common in sunny, dry to moist disturbed areas. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Coreopsis lanceolata (Lanceleaf Tickseed) Clump-forming perennial with short rhizomes and 1-2" yellow flowers spring to mid-summer. Prefers sunny, well drained sites; does well in poor, rocky sites with good drainage. Vigorously self seeds. Grows from Wisconsin and the Great Lakes region to Louisiana and across to the Atlantic coast with scattered populations from Wash-ington to California, New Mexico.Provenance: OR


Dicentra formosa (Western Bleeding Heart, Pacific Bleeding Heart) West Coast native herbaceous perennial with strong rhizomes, fern-like leaves, showy reddish-pink flowers. Likes moist, shady sites, from southern British Columbia to central California. Grows 1-2' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Dodecatheon hendersonii (Broad-leaved Shooting Star, Mosquito Bills) Lovely wildflower with ovate leaves found in grassy meadows with well-drained soil, from southern British Columbia to California. Cyclamen-like flowers are a beautiful magenta. Grows 4-20" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Dodecatheon pulchellum (Darkthroat Shooting Star) Easy to grow western native found from coastal balds up into alpine meadows. Numerous magenta flowers, with backswept petals like little rockets, top a rosette of fleshy lance-shaped leaves. Prefers a moist to wet winter and spring followed by late summer drought, sunny or partially shaded sites. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Echinacea angustifolia (Narrow Leaved Cone Flower) Prairie wildflower to 2-3' with showy pink-purple flowers. Commonly used as a medicinal plant, also attracts butter-flies. Native from the Rocky Mountains eastward through the Midwest and south to Texas.Provenance: ID


Echinacea purpurea (Eastern Purple Cone Flower) North American prairie wildflower with showy purple flowers on 2-3' stalks. Medicinal, good cut flower, also attracts but-terflies. Prefers full sun. Native from the Midwest to the East Coast.Provenance: ID


Equisetum hyemale (Rough Horsetail, Scouringrush Horsetail) please see GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia Fleabane) Widespread North American wildflower with small, but numerous showy pink flowers. Prefers moist, sunny locations from the lowlands to the mountains. Not a long-lived plant, but will bloom prolifically and reseed itself freely. Provenance: 04-Cascades

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Erigeron speciosus (Showy Fleabane, Aspen Fleabane) Showy plant with large lavender daisy-like flowers from late spring into the summer. Native of the Rockies, in sunny, dry to moist woodland openings from foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 Eriophyllum lanatum (Oregon Sunshine, Woolly Sunflower) Low, spreading woolly herb with bright yellow daisy-like flowers that attract butterflies. Prefers dry, open habitats across the western states to southwestern British Columbia. Grows 4-20" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Eryngium yuccifolium (Button Eryngo) Greenish-white flowers crown this 4-5' tall perennial, once a component of tallgrass prairies. Full sun, drought tolerant, can grow in shallow, rocky soil. Blooms summer to fall. Na-tive to the eastern Great Plains across southern Great Lakes Region to the southeast.


Eupatorium purpureum (Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed) please see Eutrochium

Eupatorium rugosum (White Snakeroot) please see Agerantina altissima

Eutrochium [Eupatorium] purpureum (Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed) Vanilla-scented clusters of lavender-pink flowers atop 5-7' plants are attractive to butterflies and other insects. Clump-forming, grows in full sun to part shade, moist soil. Great Lakes region south to Missouri and across to the eastern states from North Carolina to New England.


Fragaria chiloensis (Coastal Strawberry, Beach Strawberry) West Coast groundcover with shiny dark green leaves, white flowers, and edible berries. Spreads vigorously by stolons. Common along the coast on beaches and rocky bluffs, from Alaska south to California. Thrives in sunny conditions. Drought tolerant. Provenance: 01-Coast Range


Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Woodland Strawberry) North American groundcover native to western states. Strongly stoloniferous, with white flowers and small edible berries. Good for shady areas.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Dodecatheon pulchellum (Darkthroat Shooting Star)

Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Virginia Strawberry) Western North American groundcover with white flowers and edible berries. Found in forest open-ings and meadows. Provenance: 77-North Cascades


Gaillardia aristata (Blanket Flower) Showy yellow and orange sunflower-like flowers on 1-2' stems characterize this wildflower. Grows in sunny, moist to dry ar-eas widespread across western and northern North America. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Geum macrophyllum (Largeleaf Avens, Yellow Avens) North American perennial with short rhizomes and cheerful yellow flowers, reaching 3' in height. Found in forests and open areas. Reseeds prolifically.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke) Beautiful wildflower with a basal rosette of fern-like foliage, soft pink nodding flowers on 4-18" stems, and a puff of pink ‘smoke’ for a seed head. Prefers sunny dry sites. Native to most of North America.Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau


Grindelia integrifolia (Puget Sound Gumweed) Robust native perennial of Pacific coastal areas with showy yellow flowers, 3-4' tall. Late season bloomer, salt spray tolerant. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Helenium autumnale (Common Sneezeweed) Bright yellow flowers on 3-5' stems late summer to fall, in moist to wet soil habitats, full sun. Not drought tolerant. Grows scattered across the U.S. with heaviest concentrations Great Lakes to the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina.Provenance: MN

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Heliopsis helianthoides (Sweet Smooth Oxeye) Grows from the southern Rockies up to the Great Lakes and across to the Atlantic coast, with scat-tered populations in the southeast. Bright orange-yellow flowers on 3-4’ plants, full sun to part shade, dry to moist habitats. Blooms from mid-summer into the fall.Provenance: MN

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Heracleum lanatum (Cow Parsnip) please see Herac-leum maximum

Mayra and Federico planting

14

Lupinus polyphyllus (Bigleaf Lupine) Tall lupine to 4' tall with spikes of showy blue flow-ers. Fixes nitrogen to enhance poor soils. Wide-spread across the western and northeastern United States.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Lysichiton americanus (Skunk Cabbage) please see AQUATICS Mentha arvensis (Field Mint) Rhizomatous plant in the mint family, grows 6-24" tall, and is strongly aromatic. Purple flowers are good for butterflies, seeds eaten by wildlife. Common in wet places, sun or partial shade, across North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Mertensia platyphylla (Broadleaf Bluebells)Bell-shaped light blue wildflowers on 1-2' leafy stems. Spreads slowly by rhizomes. Stream banks and moist for-est habitats, sun to part shade. Native to Washington and Oregon.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Mimulus guttatus (Yellow Monkeyflower) Showy wildflower native to western North America with red-spotted yellow flowers, found in moist habitats and in dwarfed form on dry balds. A good butterfly and hummingbird plant. Can be short lived but will reseed freely. Grows 2-30" tall. Available only in containers.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) This pinkish-lavender flowered plant in the mint family is native across most of North America except the west coast and Florida. Rhizomatous, clump-forming perennial, grows 2-3' tall, blooms June to September. Full sun to part shade, dry to moist soil, attracts hummingbirds and butterflies. Long used as a medicinal plant by native peoples.


Monarda punctata (Spotted Beebalm) Lavender and yellow-spotted flowers in tiers like a multi-layer cake characterize this 1-2’ mint family plant. Grows on sandy soils in the prairie and coastal plains. Full to part sun, dry to moist soil, drought tolerant. Attracts butterflies. Native to eastern North America.

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Oenanthe sarmentosa (Water Parsley) White flowered perennial with lax stems up to 3', along stream sides and in shallow water wetlands. Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphib-ians. Adds interest and wildlife value to ornamental ponds. Native from Alaska south to California, in and west of the Coast-Cascade Mountains.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Olsynium [Sisyrinchium] douglasii (Douglas' Grasswidow) Early blooming member of the iris family with delicate pink blossoms often found in low elevation meadows in the Pacific Northwest, 6-12" tall. Provenance: 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 10-Columbia Plateau

Bare-root seedling 1.10 .90

Oplopanax horridus (Devil's Club) Northwest deciduous shrubby perennial with up-right prickly stems to 9' tall. This member of the Ginseng family has large primordial-looking leaves, greenish-white flowers, and bright red berries in showy clus-ters in the fall. Prefers moist, partially shady to shady sites. Common Alaska south to Oregon, east to Montana. Available only in containers.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Heracleum maximum [lanatum] (Cow Parsnip) North American native perennial with large, lobed leaves and striking 6' stems topped with large umbels. Attracts beneficial insects and many insect-eating bird species. Named after Hercules from the Greek because of its large size. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Heuchera chlorantha (Tall Alumroot) Basal leaves with creamy green flowers in dense elongated clusters. Grows 1-2' tall. Found on rocky bluffs, stream banks, edges of forest, and mead-ows. Flowers for weeks, attracting many species of pollina-tors. Native west of the Cascade Crest from British Columbia to Oregon.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Heuchera cylindrica (Roundleaf Alumroot) An alum root with evergreen heart-shaped leaves crowned by a bottle brush of numerous white cup-shaped flowers on 4-14" stems. Drought tolerant. Native to the interior west.Provenance: ID


Heuchera micrantha (Small Flowered Alumroot, Crevice Alumroot) Evergreen foliage and numerous sprays of tiny white flowers on stems to 2' tall. Found along stream banks and in rock crevices from southern British Columbia to California, and Idaho. Provenance: 77-North Cascades


Hibiscus moscheutos (Crimsoneyed Rosemallow) Cold hardy, perennial wetland plant with dinner plate-sized, hollyhock-shaped flowers in white, pink, and red; 3-7’ tall. Upper Midwest to eastern Massachu-setts and down the Atlantic coast to the Gulf of Mexico.


Hydrophyllum tenuipes (Pacific Waterleaf) Rhizamatous, spreading, herbaceous plant for shady, moist sites that can dry out in late summer. Large, fuzzy leaves with sharp-pointed leaflets and clusters of lovely creamy flowers in mid to late spring add interest. Native from southern British Columbia to north-western California. Grows 8-32" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Iris chrysophylla (Yellowleaf Iris) Striking native iris; creamy white flowers with yellow stripe and maroon veining on 8" to 1' stems. Found in open wood-lands in western Oregon and California. Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains


Iris douglasiana (Douglas Iris) Pale pink to purple flowers with yellow center stripe on sepals; 1-2' tall branched stems. Native in open grassy areas in Oregon south to California. Provenance: 01-Coast Range


Iris missouriensis (Western Blue Flag Iris, Rocky Mountain Iris) White to blue flowers on 1-2' tall branched stems. Grows from sea level to high in the mountains. Native to the western half of the United States.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, CO


Iris setosa (Alaska Wild Iris) Wild iris of northern latitudes with stout leaves and stems to 2', dark blue flowers. Prefers a moist or wet sunny location. Provenance: Southeast Alaska


Iris tenax (Oregon Iris, Tough-leaved Iris) Showy western native iris with blue to purple flowers on 1' tall stems, found in sunny locations. Native from southern Washington to northern California.Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willa-metteValley


Lathyrus japonicus v. maritimus (Beach Pea) Perennial with trailing stems up to 4' and reddish-purple flowers, found on sandy and gravelly beaches of the Pacific Coast and Great Lakes. Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland


Liatris spicata (Dense Blazing Star, Grayfeather) Eastern North American clump-forming perennial with grass-like leaves. Red-purple spikes of tiny disk flowers bloom mid-summer. Prefers moist soils; 2-4' height. Scattered east of the Mississippi from Quebec to Florida. Provenance: CT


Lomatium dissectum (Fern Leaved Biscuitroot) Western North American perennial 3-4' tall, with highly divided foliage and yellow or purple flowers. Found on sunny, dry, rocky slopes and meadows. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau


Lomatium nudicaule (Barestem Biscuitroot) Perennial native to the western states for dry sunny habitats; has pale yellow umbellate flow-ers in spring, and medicinal value. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: : 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Lomatium utriculatum (Spring Gold) Deep green ferny basal foliage emerges in the fall in prepa-ration for the bright lemony yellow flowers that begin a long blooming season in early spring. West side species found on lowland coastal balds. Grows 4-24" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Lupinus latifolius (Broadleaf Lupine) Common lupine growing 2-4' tall. Numerous stalks of purplish-blue flowers with white to magenta patch inside. Moist woods and meadows. Grows from Washington to California, east to Utah and New Mexico.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland





Iris tenax (Oregon Iris, Tough-leaved Iris)

Sidalcea hendersonii (Henderson’s Checker-bloom) Taprooted perennial that sends up spikes of min-iature pink hollyhock-like flowers. Found in wet meadows and tidal marshes along the coast from Alaska to Oregon. Grows 2-4' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedlings .80 .54 .40 Sidalcea malviflora ssp. virgata (Dwarf Check-erbloom, Rose Checkermallow) Clump-forming, taprooted perennial, stems trail-ing and freely rooting. Spikes of pink flowers pro-vide forage for pollinators, including federally endangered Fender’s blue butterfly. In prairies and meadows west of Cascades, from Oregon to California, and Thurston County. Species of concern in Washington. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Sisyrinchium californicum (Golden Blue-eyed Grass) Coastal wildflower with iris-like leaves in a slowly expanding clump and yellow flowers with six deli-cate petals, 6-12" tall. British Columbia to California. Likes early spring moisture, will spread by seed. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sisyrinchium douglasii (Douglas' Grasswidow) please see Olsynium

Sisyrinchium idahoense (Western Blue-eyed Grass) Wildflower with beautiful blue flowers and iris-like leaves, 6-12" tall, in a slowly expanding clump. Likes early spring moisture. Native to the western states and British Columbia.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sium suave (Hemlock Waterparsnip) North American native perennial with white carrot-type flowers, common in low marshy ground and shallow water. Adds interest and wildlife value to ornamental ponds. Grows 2-4' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Solidago canadensis (Canadian Goldenrod) North American native perennial with showy yellow flower spikes in late summer that attract butter-flies and pollinators. Common in moist to dry areas. Wide tolerance of soil conditions and rhizomatous roots make this a good choice for erosion control. Grows 2-5' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur-reed) please see AQUATICS

15

HERBACEOUS PERNNIALS

Oxalis oregana (Woodland Sorrel, Redwood-Sorrel) This western version of the shamrock makes a good low maintenance groundcover, 2-8" tall, with light pink flowers for shady sites. Native along the West Coast, from southern British Columbia to northern California.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Penstemon ovatus (Broadleaf Penstemon, Eggleaf Beardtongue) Bright blue flowered penstemon with deep green, glossy spade-shaped leaves. Ranges from woodland to sunny slopes, British Columbia to Oregon. Provenance: 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Penstemon procerus (Small-flowered Penste-mon) Penstemon with dense whorls of lovely blue to purple flowers. Native across Canada and south through California to Colorado from mid to high elevations in the mountains. Prefers dry, sandy to gravelly soils. Grows 4-12" tall.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Penstemon serrulatus (Cascade Penstemon, Serrulate Penstemon) Beautiful wildflower with showy deep blue to dark purple flowers, on stems 8-28" tall. Prefers sun or partial shade, moderate moisture. Native from southern Alaska to northern Oregon, in and west of the Coast-Cascade Mountains to sea level.Provenance: 04-Cascades


Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah) please see BULBS

Petasites frigidus v. palmatus (Arctic Sweet Coltsfoot) Rhizomatous perennial 2-3' tall, with large pal-mate leaves and white to pinkish flowers. Common in wet areas in low to mid elevation forests and openings along the west coast, Great Lakes region, and north through Canada. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Plantago maritima v. juncoides (Sea Plantain, Goose Tongue) Common West Coast perennial with fleshy linear leaves, 2-10” stems, found on seashores and salt marshes. An important food source for waterfowl, also ed-ible for people. Also found along northeastern seaboard. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Potentilla anserina (Pacific Silverweed) please see Argentina egedii

Potentilla gracilis (Graceful Cinquefoil) Western North American wildflower with palmately compound leaves and yellow flowers. Grows 1-2' tall. Found in moist meadows and clearings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Potentilla pacifica (Pacific Silverweed) please see Argentina egedii

Prunella vulgaris (Self Heal) North American low-growing perennial with short rhizomes and purple to pink flower spikes to 6”. Medicinal value; low maintenance and spreading. Prefers moist sites, sun or shade. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Ranunculus occidentalis (Western Buttercup) Showy buttercup of lowland balds and Garry Oak meadows, from Alaska south to California and Nevada. Grows 6-16" tall. Prefers moist soil; spreading.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Rudbeckia occidentalis (Western Cone Flower) Unusual perennial with flowers in a black cone that attracts birds when seeds are mature. Grows to 2-6'. A medicinal plant native to the western states.Available only in containers.Provenance: 77-North Cascades

Sedum divergens (Spreading Stonecrop)Deep green compact leaves of this West coast spreading stonecrop are offset by bright sprays of yellow flowers that attract butterflies. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Sedum lanceolatum ssp. nesioticum (Spearleaf Stonecrop) Compact stonecrop with football-shaped leaves topped by bright yellow flowers in late spring. Common on rocky balds along the coast. Native from southern British Columbia to northern Washington and Whitman County.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sedum oreganum (Oregon Stonecrop) Succulent creeping perennial found on coastal bluffs and rocky mountain slopes from Alaska south along the coast to the northwest corner of California. Starry yellow flowers in spring and summer attract butterflies. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sedum spathulifolium (Broadleaf Stonecrop) Bluish-green succulent foliage develops red highlights in the winter and bright yellow flowers that attract butterflies in the late spring. Native from southern British Columbia to California.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sericocarpus rigidus [Aster curtus] (Columbian Whitetop Aster) White flowered aster of the Garry oak meadow community; blooms late July through September; threatened. Spreads by rhizomes in favorable conditions; gravelly to poorly drained clay or shallow soils, seasonally moist. British Columbia to Oregon. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Sidalcea campestris (Meadow Checkerbloom) Western Oregon and Puget Sound wildflower with beautiful white or light pink flowers. Found in open meadows and fields. Grows 2-6’ tall.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Bare-root seedlings .90 .60 .45




Lathyrus japonicus v. maritimus (Beach Pea) Oxalis oregana (Woodland Sorrel, Redwood-Sorrel)

Stachys chamissonis v. cooleyae [S. cooleyae] (Cooley’s Hedge-nettle) Rhizomatous perennial 2-3' tall, with pink flowers in mid-summer that attract butterflies and hum-mingbirds. Common in moist clearings from Alaska to coastal California. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Stachys cooleyae (Cooley’s Hedge-nettle) please see Stachys chamissonis v. cooleyae

Symphyotrichum [Aster] laeve (Smooth Blue Aster) Light blue to purple flowers, blooms August to Oc-tober, 1-3' tall. Scattered across the U.S. with the heaviest concentration in the upper Midwest and Great Lakes region. Often used in tallgrass prairie restoration, light shade to full sun. Provides late-season nectar for butterflies.


Symphyotrichum [Aster] lateriflorum (Calico Aster) White flowers, blooms late summer into the fall, 1-3' tall. Grows from the Great Lakes region to the Atlantic coast and down to the Gulf of Mexico. Part shade and moist soils, full sun only with wet conditions. Generally a woodland plant. Attracts many different insects.Provenance: IA


Symphyotrichum [Aster] novae-angliae (New England Aster Native across open woods, prairies, meadows in eastern North America with the heaviest concen-trations around the Great Lakes region to New England. Flower color ranges from rose to deep lavender to purple in the late summer to fall, grows 3-6' tall. Full sun, moist soil, not shade tolerant. Fall nectar source for butterflies.Provenance: OR

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Symphyotrichum subspicatum v. subspicatum [Aster subspicatus] (Douglas Aster) West coast native aster of moist habitats, especial-ly estuaries. Grows 3-4' tall branching stems and many purple flowers attract butterflies. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Tellima grandiflora (Fringecup) Northwest native rhizomatous perennial with smallwhite flowers with fringed petals. Prefers partial shade, commonly found in moist woods and along streambanks. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Thalictrum fendleri v. polycarpum (Fendler’s Meadow-rue) A delicate-looking plant with purplish stems found in shady woods. Native from Oregon and California to Utah. Grows 1-2' tall. Available in containers only.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

16


Thalictrum occidentale (Western Meadow-rue) Western native with delicate columbine-like foliage that flutters in the lightest breeze. Male flowers composed of numerous maroon filaments. Grows 1-3' tall. Available in containers only.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Tolmiea menziesii (Youth on Age, Piggyback-plant) Northwest rhizomatous perennial to 2' tall, with small pinkish-brown flowers. Found in moist shady habitats. Spreads by little plantlets on the parent leaves. Native from southern British Columbia to northern California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Typha latifolia (Common Cattail) please see GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Vancouveria hexandra (Inside-out Flower) Rhizomatous woodland perennial with delicate white flow-ers. Common in moist, shady forests in southwestern Wash-ington, Oregon, and northwestern coastal California. Grows 12-18" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Veronica americana (American Speedwell) please see AQUATICS

Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed) Fluffy clusters of purple flowers in late summer to fall on 4-6' tall stems define this perennial. Native to the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Flor-ida, and west to Tennessee, West Virginia, and Alabama. It grows in full sun and moist to wet soil along streambanks and low areas. Self-seeds freely, attracts butterflies.Provenance: PA


Viola adunca (Prairie Violet, Hookedspur Violet) Deep purple violet of low elevation prairies and rocky coastal outcrops. Heart-shaped deep green leaves, grows to 4" tall. Widespread from southern Alaska across Canada, and the western states.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland





Viola palustris (Marsh Violet) Spreading lavender violet of wet marshy areas. Native across Canada and south through the west-ern United States. Grows to 8" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Wyethia amplexicaulis (Mule-ears) Shiny green basal leaves form expanding clumps topped by clusters of yellow flowers. Found in meadows, scrublands, and pine forests east of the Cascades from Washington to Nevada, east to Wyoming.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Wyethia angustifolia (California Compassplant) West Coast meadow wildflower with yellow, sun-flower-like flowers. Prefers dryish, sunny locations. Native from southern Washington to central Califor-nia. Grows 1-2' tall. Drought tolerant.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Perennial AvailabilityWe want our customers to receive plants during the optimum season for transplant success.

With noted exceptions, perennials are available late fall at the onset of dormancy and late winter before active regrowth.

Our hardiest and most in-demand species will be avail-able through the winter as well, with species-appropri-ate storage techniques: freezing, refrigeration, or dig-ging to order.

Please order by November 1 for winter perennial orders to accommodate our digging and processing schedule.

Rudbeckia occidentalis (Western Cone Flower)

Sedum lanceolatum ssp. nesioticum (Spearleaf Stonecrop)

Sidalcea hendersonii (Henderson’s Checkerbloom)

Sisyrinchium idahoense (Western Blue-eyed Grass)

Solidago canadensis (Canadian Goldenrod)

Carex lenticularis (Lakeshore Sedge) Tufted sedge found in wet, sunny or partially shaded sites. Native across most of North America, except for midwestern and southern states. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Carex leptopoda (Slender-foot Sedge) The most common sedge found in western Wash-ington and Oregon moist forest understory habi-tats. The most frequently encountered member of the Carex deweyana complex. Grows from British Columbia and Alberta south through our western states, Washington to Montana down to Arizona and New Mexico. Grows 1-2’ tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Carex lyngbyei (Lyngby's Sedge) Large, rhizome forming sedge, common along saltwater shorelines from Alaska to northern Cali-fornia. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Carex macrocephala (Large Headed Sedge) Rhizomatous sedge found on sandy seashores, from Alaska to Oregon. Flowering heads large, 2-3" on 6-18" plant. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Carex mertensii (Merten's Sedge) Densely tufted sedge, with attractive flowering spikes, found in dry to moist habitats of the north-west, from Alaska through British Columbia and Alberta south to northern California. Excellent ornamental and rain garden potential. Grows 12-30" tall.Provenance: 77-North Cascades


Carex obnupta (Slough Sedge) West Coast evergreen sedge for moist to wet fresh-water or brackish sites, 0-3' depth; rhizomatous and vigorous. Attractive sedge for shade or sun. In shallow water, creates important egg-laying habitat for am-phibians. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Grows 2-3" tall. Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov) Bare-root seedling .80 .60 .46 .43 (Dec-Mar)

Bolboschoenus [Schoenoplectus] [Scirpus] maritimus (Cosmopolitan Bulrush) Rhizomatous rush with strong triangular culms to 5'. Fresh or brackish marshes, 0-1' deep, across the United States, except the southeast. Grows 8-48" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bromus carinatus (California Brome) Western North American grass found in moist to dry mead-ows. May be short-lived, but will reseed under favorable conditions. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Carex amplifolia (Big-leaf Sedge) Western sedge with impressive large broad leaves, flowering spikes to 4'. Attractive for ornamental ponds. Prefers moist soil. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies


Carex aquatilis v. dives [C. sitchensis] (Sitka Sedge) West coast sedge, from Alaska to northwestern California, tufted on short rhizomes with pretty, drooping flower heads. Attractive for ornamental ponds. Common in wet meadows, marshes and lake shores. Grows 1-4' tall.Provenance: 77-North Cascades


Carex comosa (Bristly Sedge) Attractive sedge of freshwater marshes and wet meadows. Occurs sporadically across North Amer-ica. Listed as sensitive in the state of Washington. Grows 1 ½-3' tall. Does not have long rhizomes, so not suit-able for sites subject to siltation.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Carex cusickii (Cusick’s Sedge) Tufted sedge of still and slow moving waters from the lowlands to the mountains, grows 1-6' tall. Older plants form distinctive large, raised tussocks on which other plants may be found growing, too. Native southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana and Wyoming.Provenance: 15-N Rockies


Carex densa (Dense Sedge) West Coast tufted sedge of seasonal wetlands and wet meadows at low elevations. Listed as sensitive in the state of Washington. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Carex deweyana (Dewey's Sedge) please see Carex leptopoda

17

GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES UNIT PRICEGRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+

UNIT PRICEGRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+


Carex pachystachya (Chamisso Sedge)Common western North American tufted sedge found in the transition zone from wet to dryish open habitats. Great po-tential rain garden species. Grows 6-26" tall. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Carex pansa (Sand Dune Sedge)West Coast rhizomatous sedge with sharply trian-gular stems found along sandy shorelines. Impor-tant species for helping stabilize sandy beaches. Has been used as a substitute for lawn grass in well-drained soils. Grows 6-16" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Carex stipata (Sawbeak Sedge)North American native sedge forming solid clumps in moist areas. Attractive light green foliage, flow-ering stems to 4'. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov)Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Mar)

Carex unilateralis (Lateral Sedge) Western native rhizomatous sedge found in shallow or seasonal wetlands. Grows 12-30" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley


Carex vulpinoidea (Fox Sedge) Clumping sedge found in moist meadows, marshes and ditches in habitats scattered across the United States. Great potential rain garden plant. More common east of the Cascades but ours is from a Whatcom County population. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Danthonia californica (California Oatgrass)Bunchgrass found in moist to dry, sunny meadows across western North America. Grows 1-4' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oatgrass) Widespread North American bunchgrass found in moist to dry, sunny meadows. Grows 4-28" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Deschampsia caespitosa (Tufted Hairgrass) Tufted grass native to marshes and wet prairies across much of North America. Attractive narrow foliage and 12-18" tall flowering plumes. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Distichlis spicata (Seashore Saltgrass, Inland Saltgrass)Rhizomatous grass found in salt marshes and also dry upland areas across much of the western United States. An important food source for waterfowl, host plant for butterfly larvae (Wandering Skipper), and erosion control in estuaries. Inland strains are extremely drought tolerant, and may be invasive in some situations. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Eleocharis palustris (Common Spikerush) Widespread North American emergent with narrow dark green culms, rhizomatous and mat-forming in shallow freshwater habitats, from 0-2’ deep. Cre-ates important egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Container-ize for ornamental ponds. Grows 1-2’ tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley


Carex lenticularis (Lakeshore Sedge)

Rufino lifting emergents

18

Juncus tenuis (Slender Rush)Common rush in freshwater habitats across North America that are saturated in the winter but dry out in the summer. Potential rain garden plant. Grows 6-28" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Leymus mollis [Elymus mollis] (Dune Wild Rye) Robust clump-forming perennial grass with strong rhizomes. Grows 3-5' tall on coastal dunes and beaches, and freshwater beaches; helps prevent beach erosion. Native from Alaska across Canada, south from coastal Washington to the central coast of California, the Great Lakes area, and New England.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Melica subulata (Alaska Oniongrass) Tufted grassy perennial with short, thick, onion-like rhi-zomes. Grows in open to woodland environments, dry or moist soils from sea leavel to mid elevations. Found in west-ern coastal states with scattered inland populations; grows 8-30". Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] acutus v. acutus (Hardstem Bulrush) Bold, strongly rhizomatous bulrush, with dark green stems reaching 6'+ in standing water with depths up to 5'. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Widespread across North America; also used for wastewater filtration. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (May-Nov)Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Apr)

Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] americanus (Threesquare, American Bulrush) please see Schoenoplectus pungens. Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] maritimus please see Bolbos-choenus maritimus

Schoenoplectus pungens (Common Three-square) Widespread rhizomatous bulrush with triangular stems to 3' tall. Found in fresh or brackish marshes and wet habitats throughout North America. Tolerates inun-dation of 0-16”. This species was long considered indistinct from S. americanus, but is now recognized as a separate species within the Scirpus americanus complex. Provenance: 01-Coast Range


GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Elymus glaucus (Blue Wildrye)Drought tolerant native bunchgrass for sunny to partially shaded sites. Native across much of North America. Great for interplanting with trees and shrubs in restoration plantings to cover bare soil. Populations are genetically variable regarding leaf color and density. Grows 1-6' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Equisetum hyemale (Rough Horsetail, Scour-ingrush Horsetail)Rhizomatous horsetail, evergreen with unbranched stems. Widespread across North America in moist areas, grows 2-4’ tall. Horsetails are one of our oldest plants, originating about 350 million years ago, and at that time they were over 40’ tall! Horsetails absorb heavy metals and can be used in phytoremediation; they can be invasive in some situations.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Festuca roemeri (Roemer's Fescue) please see Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri

Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri (Roemer’s Fescue)Native bunchgrass for coastal areas from southern British Columbia to northern California with attrac-tive, finely textured leaves. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Glyceria grandis (Reed Mannagrass)Rhizomatous grass found in freshwater habitats (0-1' deep) across most of North America. Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows up to 6' tall, in sun or shade.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica [Anthoxanthum hirtum] (Sweetgrass) Aromatic grass traditionally used in crafts and spiritual cer-emonies in both the Old and New World. From cultivation. Grows 1-2 ½' tall.


Hordeum brachyantherum (Meadow Barley) Attractive clumping native grass, a common com-ponent of salt marshes and moist meadow habitats across the western United States and Canada. Grows 16-30" tall. Prefers moist soils but tolerates dry condi-tions as well.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus acuminatus (Tapertip Rush)Common tufted rush found in lake margins and meadows that remain wet all year. Grows across North America, primarily on the West Coast and east of the Mississippi; 16-30" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis [J. balticus] (Baltic Rush) North American rush, strongly rhizomatous, com-mon in brackish marshes, tide flats, salt marshes, and freshwater habitats from lowlands up into the subalpine, in 0-12" of water. Grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus articulatus (Jointleaf Rush) Rush common in freshwater wetlands and brack-ish marshes across much of North America. Grows 6-18" tall.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley


Juncus balticus (Baltic Rush) please see Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis

Juncus bolanderi (Bolander's Rush)Common West Coast rush of wet meadows and marshes, both freshwater and brackish, with dark colored, spherical flower heads. Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows 6-30" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus effusus (Soft Rush, Common Rush)Globally common tufted rush with short rhizomes, found in moist to wet habitats, with water depths from 0-2'. Grows 1-3' tall with flowers below the tip of the stem. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus ensifolius (Daggerleaf Rush)Common rhizomatous rush with iris-like leaves. Found in freshwater wet habitats without deep standing water, generally across western North America and eastern Canada. Grows 1-2' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus oxymeris (Pointed Rush)Beautiful Northwest rush with iris-like leaves, common west of the Cascades in wet meadows and lake shores, sometimes where it dries out in late summer. Strong rhizomes are important for erosion control and sediment retention. Grows from British Columbia to California, 1-3' tall. Potential rain garden plant.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Juncus patens (Spreading Rush) West Coast native rhizomatous rush. Excellent choice for wetland habitats that may dry out in late summer. Potential rain garden plant, grows 1-3' tall.Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills


Juncus supiniformis (Hairyleaf Rush)Northwest wetland plant, growing horizontally and rooting at the nodes. Common in estuarine and freshwater wetlands and ditches, often where inundated in the winter, drier in late summer. Native from Alaska south to northern California, grows 4-12" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland





Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [Scirpus lacustris, S. vali-dus] (Softstem Bulrush)

Rich planting bulbs

GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [Scirpus lacustris, S. validus] (Softstem Bulrush)Widespread wetland plant across North America, spreading vigorously by rhizomes, saline and fresh-water habitats, with 0-3' water depth. Grows to 6' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (May-Nov)Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Apr)

Scirpus cyperinus (Wool Grass) Graceful tufted rush for brackish and freshwater habitats, attractive flowering plumes reaching 4-6'. Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphib-ians. Excellent for ornamental ponds. Scattered populations across the Pacific Northwest.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited Bulrush) Common flat-leaved rhizomatous bulrush in wet meadows and shallow freshwater, 0-18", across western and northern North America. An important wildlife plant. Creates egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows 2-4' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur-reed) please see AQUATICS

Triglochin maritima (Seaside Arrowgrass)Rhizomatous perennial with fleshy, grass-like leaves and spikes of yellowish flowers. Common in tidal marshes and mudflats along the coasts, and across North America in freshwater moist meadows. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Typha latifolia (Common Cattail)Widespread across North America; perennial with long, flat leaves, persistent seed spike to 6' tall, found in all types of shallow water habitats. Pro-vides good cover and food for wildlife, but does tend to take over. Also used for water quality treatment.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


19

Graminoid AvailabilityThere is a window of time during the spring months when our graminoids are actively growing and most are best left in the ground. This window is specific to each species, and depends on weather conditions, so please check with us to determine the best time to receive your order. By late June, most species have slowed down their growth and can safely be transplanted, as long as they are handled properly.

HandlingIt is helpful to remember that these plants are fragile -- treat them like lettuce. Their survival depends on being harvested, transported, and transplanted during cooler temperatures, with adequate water after planting. Please be ready to care for your plants as soon as they arrive. We cannot ensure survival after plants have left our care.




Menyanthes trifoliate (Buckbean) Western North America and again in the Great Lakes region across to Maine and Newfoundland. White flowers in May and June. Stems 6-18" long. Shallow water in bogs, ponds, and lakes. Thick, creeping rhi-zomes, with leaves and stems that rise up out of the water 6-12".Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Pot/tube 2.00

Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Rocky Mountain Pond-lily) Aquatic perennial with floating or submerged heart-shaped leaves and thick rhizomes 3-6' long. Single, waxy yellow flowers floating on long stalks from the rhizomes. Grows in lakes and slow-moving water from Alaska south through western British Columbia, down to California and across to the Rocky Mountains, from lowlands up into the montane.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Pot 4.00

AQUATICS

Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain) An emergent perennial in mud and shallow fresh-water wetlands (0-2') with long-stemmed oval leaves from basal rosette. Delicate branching stems to 3' of white flowers in summer. Provides important food and habitat for waterfowl, fish, and wildlife.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Tube 2.00

Comarum palustre [Potentilla palustris] (Purple Marshlock, Marsh Cinquefoil) Circumboreal, especially in northern regions; lake and stream margins, wet meadows, and bogs from sea level to subalpine. Prostrate stems, sometimes floating, to 3' from sturdy rhizomes. Flowers 1", dark red to purple in summer. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Tube 2.00

Lysichiton americanus (Skunk Cabbage) The giant golden spathes lurking around the swamp amongst huge fleshy leaves are unmistakable. Swamp Lantern is another common name.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Tube 1.50

Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead, Wapato) An emergent, rhizomatous perennial that grows to 4' in shallow freshwater wetlands (6-12" deep) across North America, and produces white or bluish edible tubers that were a food source for many indigenous people. Emergent leaves arrow-shaped, submerged leaves linear, from a basal rosette, white flowers in late summer and early fall. The seeds and tubers offer food for many different birds, muskrats, and beavers, while the foliage provides cover for fish and aquatic insects. Used in phytoremediation; the plant extracts over-abundant nutrients and heavy metals from sediment and water.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Tube 2.00 (June-Sept) Tuber 1.00 (Oct-Dec) Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur-reed)

Circumboreal rhizomatous perennial for wet ground with up to 3' of standing freshwater. Provides ex-cellent habitat for wildlife and also takes up pollutants read-ily in bioswales and water quality detention ponds. Stems and leaves float, grows to 6' in length.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland


Veronica americana (American Speedwell) Common blue flowered perennial in wetlands, stream edges, and other wet habitats across North America, except absent from the U.S. southeast. Grows from a creeping rhizome, with stems 4-36" long, pros-trate to ascending, sometimes partially submerged. Blooms May to July.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland





Limited Availability - Larger quantities grown on contract

Veronica americana (American Speedwell)

Comarum palustre [Potentilla palustris] (Purple Marshlock, Marsh Cinquefoil) Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead, Wapato)

Allium acuminatum (Taper-tip Onion, Hooker's Onion) Western bulb with rose-colored flowers, typical onion scent. Found in open, rocky sites from the Pacific Coast to the Rockies. Grows 4-12" tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Small .70 .65 .50 .35Large .90 .75 .60 .45

Please see our HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS section for more Allium species

Brodiaea please also see Dichelostemma or Triteleia

Brodiaea coronaria x elegans (Hybrid Brodiaea)Ours have crossed and have characteristics of both species. Hybridization is common in wild popula-tions where these species overlap. Beautiful purple flowers bloom June to July. Native from Washington to California, grows up to 18" tall. Provenance: OR, WA

Small .70 .65 .50 .35Large .90 .75 .60 .45

Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf’s Great Camas) Edible bulb, with showy 2-4' stems of blue flow-ers. Native from British Columbia to California and Nevada. Likes “spring wet, summer dry” conditions. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Small .60 .50 .40 .30Large .70 .55 .45 .35

20

BULBS UNIT PRICEGRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+

Native BulbsWe have taken many precautions to ensure our bulb stock is healthy, and free of nematodes and viruses. We only use seed to propagate our bulbs, and we only grow species plants, not hybrid varieties. Buyers interested in large quantities of these species plants should contact us for bulk pricing and availability.

Camassia quamash spp. maxima (Common Camas) Bright to deep bluish-violet flower spikes with deeply buried bulbs. Generally found in deep soils in wet meadows, fields, and rocky, coastal bluffs, from southern British Columbia through the western states. Likes “spring wet, summer dry” conditions. This is the most com-mon species of camas. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Small .60 .50 .40 .30Large .70 .55 .45 .35

Dichelostemma congestum [Brodiaea congesta] (Ookow) West coast native of the lily family growing from small bulbs. Tightly packed ball of purple flowers atop a 1-2' stem with onion like leaves. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley, 04-Cascades

Small .70 .65 .50 .35Large .90 .75 .60 .45

Fritillaria affinis (Checker Lily) Western native bulb with mottled purple and green flowers. Found in open grassy areas and lightly shaded forest open-ings, from Washington to California, and Idaho. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Small 1.50 1.25 1.00

Hastingsia alba (White Rushlily) A lily family member from the Sierra’s and Siskiyou Mountains with a plume of small white flowers 1-3' tall, found growing in wet meadows and rocky seepage areas. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Large 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75

Lilium columbianum (Columbia Lily) Northwest lily has bright orange flowers with dark speckles and lovely fragrance. Native from Washington to northern California, Montana. Grows to 4' tall.Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, WA

Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00

Lilium pardalinum ssp. shastense (Shasta Lily) Beautiful yellow-orange flowers, lighter on the petal backs, with maroon speckles, native to north-ern California. Grows in part shade and moist soil in forests and along streams, to 5' tall. Interestingly, these plants are primarily pollinated by western tiger swallowtail and pale swallowtail butterflies.Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00

Lilium pardalinum v. vollmeri (Vollmer’s Lily) Spectacular dark orange to red flowers. Prefers moist soil. Native to the extreme southwestern cor-ner of Oregon and adjacent northwestern Califor-nia. Grows to 5' tall. Interestingly, these plants are primarily pollinated by western tiger swallowtail and pale swallowtail butterflies.Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains

Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00

Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah) Sparse foliage and delicate white umbels of small flowers are the hallmark of this traditional Native American food. Grows 1-2' tall in moist to dry meadows and open forest of Washing-ton to California, in and west of the Cascade Mountains.Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Bare-root tubers .80 .55

Triteleia [Brodiaea] hyacinthina (Fool’s Onion, White Brodiaea) Large clusters of lovely white flowers on 1-3' stems. Prefers spring wet/summer dry conditions. Native from British Columbia to California, Idaho. Potential rain garden plant.Provenance: 04-Cascades, 78-Klamath Mountains

Small .70 .65 .50 .35Large .90 .75 .60 .45



Brodiaea coronaria x elegans (Hybrid Brodiaea)

Camassia quamash spp. maxima (Common Camas)

Dichelostemma congestum [Brodiaea congesta] (Ookow)

Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah)

Date post:	14-Feb-2017
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