What’s new with FIADB 4.0:Carbon, biomass, and trend

analysis

Mark H. HansenNRS – St. Paul, MN

Evolution of the FIADB User Manual

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Phase 2

Phase 3

FIA biomass estimates

• Tree level estimates of the biomass of all live (and some formerly live) trees 1” diameter and larger on forest land.

• Used to report total biomass at various levels.• Indirectly used to compute total carbon at

various levels.• Not currently used to compute the growth,

removals and mortality of biomass or carbon .

Volume components in both FIADB3 & FIADB4

Rotten or missing cull

Form cull or sound defect

Gross volume (VOLCFGRS) >= Sound volume (VOLCFSND) >= Net volume (VOLCFNET)

Trees < 5”

have

zero

volume

Biomass components in FIADB3

Rotten or missing cull

Form cull or sound defect

Total gross biomass (DRYBIOT) minus Merch. Biomass (DRYBIOM ) = Tops, limbs and stump

Trees < 5”

have

zero

DRYBIOM

Biomass components in FIADB4

Rotten or missing cull

Form cull or sound defect

--------------------------Trees 5”+ DBH --------------------------- Saplings Woodland species

DRYBIO_BOLE DRYBIO_TOP DRYBIO_STUMP DRYBIO_SAPLING DRYBIO_WDLD_SPP All trees 1” diameter and

larger

DRYBIO_BG

REGIONAL_DRYBIOM and REGIONAL_DRYBIOT are in a new tree level table by themselves.

Tree biomass components in FIADB4

1” 2” 3” 4” 5” 6” 7” 8” ….

Carbon components in FIADB4

Forest carbon on tree records

(carbon/tree)

CARBON_AG

CARBON_BG

Forest carbon on condition records (carbon/acre)

CARBON_DOWN_DEADCARBON_LITTERCARBON_SOIL_ORGCARBON_STANDING_DEADCARBON_UNDERSTORY_AGCARBON_UNDERSTORY_BG

Other Biomass components in FIADB4

REGIONAL_DRYBIOT AND REGIONAL_DRYBIOM

The REF_SPECIES table contains all the coefficient values (stored at the species level) that are needed to compute biomassusing the Component Ration Method (CRM)(as used to compute DRYBIO_BOLE … ) and also the coefficients need to compute biomass based on Jenkins.

2007 Forest-type group – (thousand acres)  

2002 forest type group R/W/J S/F ERC Scots O/P O/H E/A/C M/B/B A/B Ex NS Total

R/W/J 845.9 38.0 0.0 2.1 58.6 12.9 5.7 18.9 44.4 0.0 7.9 1,034.4

S/F 32.2 3,286.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.1 24.4 148.4 0.0 68.7 3,634.5

ERC 0.0 0.0 11.7 0.0 3.8 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9

Scots 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9

O/P 55.8 10.5 0.0 0.0 135.6 5.5 2.5 2.5 67.8 0.0 1.2 281.4

O/H 5.3 4.2 0.0 0.0 22.8 885.1 5.2 102.1 46.0 0.0 8.5 1,079.2

E/A/C 0.0 48.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.0 908.2 72.3 106.5 0.0 20.6 1,190.1

M/B/B 0.0 3.2 1.3 0.0 24.0 66.6 76.9 1,390.2 133.2 1.1 5.3 1,701.8

A/B 31.0 205.5 0.0 0.0 50.6 111.8 177.2 176.2 5,834.1 0.0 55.0 6,641.3

Ex 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

NS 1.0 51.2 0.0 0.0 7.1 6.1 11.8 14.9 38.8 0.0 60.9 191.9

Total 971.2 3,647.9 13.0 5.0 302.6 1,127.4 1,261.6 1,801.4 6,419.2 1.1 228.1 15,778.6

Example change matrix analysis MN 1999-2002 plots remeasured in 2004-2007

Forest land both measurements

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 1CC

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 1CC

PREVCOND CONDID SUBPTYP_PROP_CHNG

1 1 1.00

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 2Balsam

fir

Cond 1BFCC

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 2Balsam

fir

Cond 1BFCC

PREVCOND CONDID SUBPTYP_PROP_CHNG

1 1 0.65

2 1 0.35

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 2Balsam

fir

Cond 1BFCC

Cond 2Nonforest

Previous measurement Current measurement

Cond 1Aspen

Cond 2Balsam

fir

Cond 1BFCC

Cond 2Nonforest

PREVCOND CONDID SUBPTYP_PROP_CHNG

1 1 0.54

1 2 0.11

2 1 0.17

2 2 0.18

85,000 remeasured forest subplots in NRS, 1999-2007

• 91.3% one condition both measurements.

• 3.4% two conditions both measurement, no change in the mapping.

• 3.7% mapping eliminated or added.

• 1.3% three conditions on the subplot.

• 0.3% mapping was moved but not eliminated.

Million Acres 2006 or 7          

2001 or 2 forest non-for NC-water C water not samp Total

forest 114.3 2.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 116.9

nonforest 6.2 375.3 0.7 0.6 0.1 383.0

non-census water 0.1 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.0 2.9

census water 0.1 0.7 0.3 7.9 0.0 9.0

not sampled 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Grand Total 120.9 379.2 2.3 9.2 0.3 511.9

Percents 2006 or 7          

2001 or 2 forest non-for NC-water C water not samp Total

forest 94.6% 0.6% 4.4% 0.2% 62.6% 22.8%

non-for 5.1% 99.0% 30.5% 7.0% 21.5% 74.8%

non-cen wat 0.1% 0.2% 52.2% 6.7% 1.0% 0.6%

census water 0.1% 0.2% 12.8% 86.1% 0.6% 1.8%

not sampled 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 14.3% 0.0%

Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Total 23.6% 74.1% 0.4% 1.8% 0.1% 100.0%

Lake States, Plains States and Central States 2007+ Maine and Pennsylvania 2006

Increase in forest land from 116.9 to 120.9 million acres (3.4%) over 5 years

The change matrix will enable easy construction of:

• Growth, removals and mortality reporting by either initial or final conditions.

• Empirical yield tables (volume per acre by age class) linked to observed growth over past remeasurement period.

• Good input for growth and yield research.

• Allocation of component of growth to land use changes.

Other changes

• Added two new POP tables– POP_EVAL_TYP– POP_EVAL_TYP_DESCR

• Renamed POP_ATTRIBUTE to REF_POP_ATTRIBUTE• Added and removed some reference tables and added

documentation for the reference tables that will be available with FIADB 4.0

• Changed the name of a few attributes that had the same name on two different tables but different definitions. Example: changed STATUSCD on SUBPLOT to SUBP_STATUS_CD

• Dropped some attributes, many of which were noted in Version 3.0 as “to be dropped

Added attributes to various tables

• PLOT.INTENSITY• POP_ESTN_UNIT.P1SOURCE• POP_EVAL.START_INVYR• POP_EVAL.END_INVYR• POP_EVAL_ATTRIBUTE.STATECD• POP_EVAL_GRP.NOTES• SITETREE.CONDLIST (actually a rename)• SUBPLOT.SUBP_STATUS_CD (actually a rename)• SURVEY.ANN_INVENTORY• SURVEY.RSCD

Questions ??????Comments

Thank you

Relationships among phase 1 tables and the phase 2 plot data tables in FIADB.

Volume estimates have been one of our primary products for many

years.

Regional biomass computation

• DRYBIOT = fb1(DIA,…)

• DRYBIOM = fb2(DRYBIOT,…)

or

• DRYBIOM = fb3(VOLCFGRS,…)

• DRYBIOT = fb4(DRYBIOM,…)

• Biomass and volume equations take different forms and were developed at different times from different data sets.

Issues

• National consistency.

• Biomass-volume consistency.

• Errors in application of biomass equations.

• Realistic estimates of components.

Consistent - reasonable estimatesSelect red oak, 10.0” dia, live, growing stock trees, 60-70’ HT

DRYBIOM / VOLCFSND

(DRYBIOT-DRYBIOM) /

DRYBIOT

FIA Region

Pounds of wood and bark per cubic foot of sound wood

Percent of total biomass in tops,

limbs and stumps

NRS-West 40.9 29.8%

NRS-East 53.5 11.3%

SRS 41.4 21.8%

Jenkins et al. – total above ground biomass (including foliage)

diametereBiomass 10

diametereRatio1

0

Predicted total aboveground biomass by species group. Jenkins et al. 2003

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Diameter (inches)

Bio

ma

ss (

po

un

ds)

maple/oak/hickory/beech

soft maple/birch

Douglas fir

mixed hardwood

true fir/hemlock

aspen/alder/cottonwood/willow

spruce

pine

cedar/larch

woodland

Biomass data sets

• All the boles are strong

• All the trees are good looking

• All the SI are above average

Select red oaks - average VOLCFSND by Latitude

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Diameter (inches)

Ave

rage

VO

LCFS

ND

(sq

ft)

Select red oaks - average HT by Latitude

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Ave

rage

HT

(feet

)

Lodgepole pine - average VOLCFSND by Latitude

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Ave

rage

VO

LCFS

ND

(sq

ft)

Lodgepole pine - average HT by Latitude

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rage

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(feet

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Component Ratio Method (CRM)

• Based on the assumption that FIA volume estimates are pretty good.

• Sound wood has biomass.

• Rotten and missing wood has no biomass.

• If we get the bole right, we are about 75% done.

Biomass in the boleDRYBIOM in FIADB v3

DRYBIO_BOLE in FIADB v4

VOLCFSND (cf) x wood density (lbs/cf)

+

VOLCFSND (cf) x bark ratio (cf bark/cf wood) x bark density (lbs/cf)

Biomass in the bole DRYBIO_BOLE

DRYBIO_BOLE=

VOLCFSND * WOOD_SPG * 62.4 +

VOLCFSND * BARK_PCT * BARK_SPG * 62.4 =

VOLCFSND * (WOOD_SPG + BARK_PCT * BARK_SPG) * 62.4

Bole

Bole biomass

=

(volume of sound wood in the bole)

x (density of sound wood)

+

(volume of bark on the bole)

x (density of bark)

Biomass in the stumppart of (DRYBIOT-DRYBIOM)

in FIADB v3 DRYBIO_STUMP in FIADB v4

DRYBIO_BOLE (lbs)x

Jenkins biomass in stump (lbs)

Jenkins biomass in bole (lbs)

DRYBIO_STUMPDRYBIO_STUMP =

VOLCFSND * (WOOD_SPG + BARK_PCT * BARK_SPG) * 62.4 *(

raile_stump_b1*dia*dia/

(((exp(jenkins_stem_bark_ratio_b1 + jenkins_stem_bark_ratio_b2 /(dia*2.54))

+ (exp(jenkins_stem_wood_ratio_b1 + jenkins_stem_wood_ratio_b2

/(dia*2.54)))) * (exp(Jenkins_TOTAL_b1 + jenkins_TOTAL_b2 * ln(dia*2.54)))))

)

Stump

Stump biomass

=

Bole biomass

x

Stump ratio

Biomass in the tops and limbspart of (DRYBIOT-DRYBIOM)

in FIADB v3 DRYBIO_TOP in FIADB v4

DRYBIO_BOLE (lbs)x

Jenkins biomass in branches (lbs)

Jenkins biomass in bole (lbs)

Tops and limbs

Top and limb biomass

=

Bole biomass

x

Branch ratio

Saplings (trees < 5.0” diameter)

• CRM is Jenkins adjusted to meet national average CRM biomass of a 5.0” diameter tree by species group.

• Smooth transition over the 5” threshold is important for growth estimation.

• DRYBIOT in FIADB v3

• DRYBIO_SAPLING in FIADB v4

Below ground – coarse roots (all trees)

• Not in FIADB v3

• DRYBIO_BG in FIADB v4

• Computed directly using Jenkins (no adjustments)

What follows are Regional vs CRM vs Jenkins estimates for each FIA

region by state

• All estimates are based on the latest/greatest public version of FIADB (as of Oct 2008).

• All estimate are total above ground biomass of live trees 5” diameter and larger on forest land.

• Annual estimates for 47 states, mostly 2007 and 2006, a few 2005.

• New Mexico – 1999 periodic inventory is include.• Oklahoma and Hawaii are missing.

Hardwoods4.0” to 6.0”diameter

RMRS

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REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

SRS

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

PNWRS

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

NRS-East

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

NRS-West

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

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CRM

JENKINS

Softwoods4.0” to 6.0”diameter

SRS

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

RMRS

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

NRS-East

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REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

NRS-West

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REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

PNWRS

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4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6

REGIONAL

CRM

JENKINS

CRM estimates Select red oak, 10.0” dia, live, growing stock trees, 60-70’ HT

DRYBIOM / VOLCFSND

(DRYBIOT-DRYBIOM) / DRYBIOT

FIA Region

Pounds of wood and bark per cubic foot of sound wood

Percent of total biomass in tops, limbs and stumps

NRS-West 42.7 26.5%

NRS-East 42.7 26.5%

SRS 43.6 26.5%

What next – the future of CRM

• All the species level coefficients used to compute components will be stored in FIADB v4.

• Better (taper based) volume estimates will improve the CRM estimate of biomass.

• Taper based estimates of stump volume.• Improved estimates of bark volume. • Other estimates of the biomass in tops

and limbs .