What’s New with the 400W / 500W Series

New Operational Characteristics of the WAAS GNS 400W/500W Series Units

versusthe Classic 400/500 Series Units

This document is written for: •GarminGPS400W,GNC420W/420AW,andGNS430W/430AWMainSystemSoftwareVersion2.00

•GarminGPS500W&GNS530W/530AWMainSystemSoftwareVersion2.00

©2008GarminLtd.oritssubsidiaries.AllRightsReserved.

GarminInternational,Inc.,1200East151stStreet,Olathe,KS66062,U.S.A. Tel.913/397.8200or800/800.1020 Fax913/397.8282

GarminAT,Inc.,2345TurnerRd.,S.E.,Salem,Oregon97302,U.S.A. Tel:503/581.8101 Fax:503/364.2138

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GarminCorporation,No.68,Jangshu2ndRoad,Shijr,TaipeiCounty,Taiwan Tel.886/2.2642.9199 Fax886/2.2642.9099

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Thecompletesetof400W/500WseriesPilotGuidesisavailableon-lineatwww.garmin.com.

190-00356-06RevC

November2008 PrintedinU.S.A.

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The400W/500WseriesofnavigatorswithWAASnowoffermanyenhancementsoverthepreviousnon-WAASmodels.AdvancementsincludenewWAAS-enabledGPSantenna,receiver,andassociatedsoftware.The400W/500WseriessystemcomplieswithWAASTSOC146aandalsoincludesasignificanthardwareupgradewithanewandmuchfastermicro-processor.Aterraindatabaseforterrainawarenessisincludedasastandardfeatureandnowprovidesevengreaterdetail.TheWAASGPSreceivernowallowsyoutousethe400W/500WseriesunitforprimarynavigationanduseGPSwithverticalguidanceforLPV,L/VNAV,andLNAV+Vapproaches.Non-precisionapproachesareannun-ciatedasLNAVapproaches.TheComparisonofFeaturesSummarytableprovidesaquickviewofthedifferencesandisfollowedbyamoredetaileddescriptionoffeaturechanges.

Comparison of Features SummaryFeature Classic 400/500 New 400W/500W

1 TSO C129a – Supplemental navigation WAAS TSO C146a – Primary navigation2 WAAS Capable No Yes3 Approach Annunciations C129a non-precision annuncia-

tionsC146a precision annunciations of LPV, L/VNAV, LNAV+V, LNAV, and MAPR

4 SBAS Selection No Yes for WAAS5 GPS Position Calculation Rate Once per second Five times per second6 GPS Software Level-C Level-B. More robust7 Vectors-To-Final Yes New Auto-Suspend logic; see page 5 for details. 8 GPS/WAAS-Based Vertical Guid-

anceNo GPS WAAS provides vertical guidance on the

available GPS approaches 9 Holding Patterns Yes Holding pattern depiction on the Nav mode

moving map shows aircraft position and provides active guidance

10 Autopilot Roll Steering Yes Includes active guidance during holding patterns and procedure turns

11 OBS Operation Yes OBS/SUSP behavior around the MAP is different12 Hold to Altitude Yes Hold to Altitude legs will now use baro-corrected

altitude if it is available13 Parallel Track No Yes14 Magnetic Variation Options True, Magnetic, or User True or Magnetic15 Terrain Database Optional Standard. Increased resolution. 16 Dead Reckoning (DR) No Yes17 Satellite Status Page Yes Enhanced with new colors and 3D differential fix

notation.

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Feature Classic 400/500 New 400W/500W18 Graphics Speed Good Much better19 Crossfill Yes 12x faster20 XM Radio Audio and Weather Limited, NEXRAD, METARs, no

audio controlYes - Adds TAFs, TFRs, NEXRAD Coverage, and audio controls

21 KAP140/KFC225 Autopilot Operation-Compatible

Yes Annunciation added

22 GDL Configuration No GDL 69/69A

23 GDL 69/69A Data Link Diag-nostics

No Yes

24 Traffic Range Rings Yes The numeric values for Traffic Range rings vary with the installed traffic source.

25 Installation Individual aircraft field approval. Approved Model List for more than 900 aircraft when installed per the STC.

26 How Can I Tell If I Have A WAAS Unit

N/A View the first screen in the start-up routine. Check other features.

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Detailed Description of Feature Changes

1. TSO

TSOC-129/C-129aallowedtheuseofGPSforsupplementalnavigationfornon-precisionapproaches.AninstallationmeetingTSO-146arequirementsallowstheuseofyour400W/500Wnavigatorsastheprimarynavigationdeviceforprecisionapproaches.

See your dealer for detailed information about how the new TSO affects the operation of your aircraft.

2. WAAS Capable

WAAS(WideAreaAugmentationSystem)isasystemtoprovideimprovedintegrityandaccuracyofGPSsignalsusedfornavigation.“WideArea”referstoanetworkofgroundreferencestationsthatcovertheentireU.S.andsomeofCanadaandMexico.Imple-mentedbytheFAA(FederalAviationAdministration)foraviationusers,thesereferencestationsarelocatedatpreciselysurveyedspotsandcompareGPSdistancemeasurementstoknownvalues.Eachreferencestationislinkedtoamasterstation,whichputstogetheracorrec-tionmessageandbroadcastsitviasatellite.The corrected differentialmessageisthenbroadcastthroughoneoftwogeostationarysatellites.TheinformationiscompatiblewiththebasicGPSsignalstructure,whichmeansanyWAAS-enabledGPSreceivercanreadthesignal.WAAScapablereceiverstypicallyhaveaccuraciesofonemeterhorizontallyand2metersvertically.

Basically,it’sasystemofsatellitesandgroundsta-tionsthatprovideGPSsignalcorrections,givingyouevenbetterpositionaccuracy.Howmuchbetter?Tryanaverageofuptofivetimesbetter.AWAAS-capablereceivercangiveyouapositionaccuracyofbetterthantwometers95percentofthetime.Andyoudon’thavetopurchaseadditionalreceivingequipmentorpayservicefeestoutilizeWAAS.WAASalsoprovidesthecapabil-ityofquicklydeterminingwhensignalsfromagiven

satellitearewrongandremovingthatsatellitefromthenavigationsolution.

TheFederalAviationAdministration(FAA)andtheDepartmentofTransportation(DOT)aredevelopingtheWAASprogramforuseinprecisionIFRapproaches.WithoutWAAS,GPSalonedoesnotmeettheFAA’snavigationrequirementsforaccuracy,integrity,andavailability.WAAScorrectsforGPSsignalerrorscausedbyionosphericdisturbances,timing,andsatelliteorbiterrors,anditprovidesvitalnearreal-timeintegrityinfor-mationregardingthehealthofeachGPSsatellite.

Currently,WAASsatellitecoverageisonlyavailableinNorthAmerica.Therearenogroundreferencesta-tionsinSouthAmerica,soeventhoughGPSuserstherecanreceiveWAAS,thesignalhasnotbeencorrectedandthuswouldnotimprovetheaccuracyoftheirunit.ForsomeusersintheU.S.,thepositionoftheWAASsatellitesovertheequatormakesitdifficulttoreceivethesignalswhentreesormountainsobstructtheviewofthehorizon.WAASsignalreceptionisidealforaviationapplications.YourGarmin400W/500WseriessystemprovidesforprimaryGPSnavigationinareaswherenoWAAScoverageisavailableusingaFaultDetectionandExclusion(FDE)RAIMalgorithm.

OthergovernmentsaredevelopingsimilarSatellite-BasedAugmentationSystems(SBAS).InAsia,it’stheJapaneseMulti-FunctionalSatelliteAugmentationSystem(MSAS),whileEuropehastheEuroGeostationaryNavi-gationOverlayService(EGNOS).Oncethesesystemsarefullytestedandoperational,your400W/500Wseriessystemwillbecapableofusingthesesystems.

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GPS Accuracy

GPS Condition Accuracy LevelAccuracy of the original GPS system, which was subject to accuracy degradation under the government-imposed Selective Availability (SA) program.

100 meters

Typical GPS position accuracy without SA.

15 meters

Typical differential GPS (DGPS) posi-tion accuracy.

3-5 meters

Typical WAAS position accuracy. < 1.25 meters

WAAS Channels

WAASchannelnumbersareshownonAirportApproachpagesintheWaypointpagegroup.TheWAASapproachreferenceIDisdisplayedinthetopleftcornerofthemap.Theapproachservicelevelisshowninthelowerrightcornerofthemap.Servicelevelannuncia-tionsavailableare:LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,orLNAV.

3. Approach Annunciations

LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,LNAV,andMAPRwillappearintheflightphaseannunciationwindow.

Annunciation DescriptionLPV Follow lateral and vertical guidance to LPV

minimums.

L/VNAV GPS approach identified in the database as LNAV/VNAV. Fly to LNAV/VNAV minimums.

LNAV+V Non-precision GPS approach with advisory vertical guidance. Note that some LNAV/VNAV approaches are not yet marked in the database as such and will show up as LNAV+V. If the chart shows the approach as LNAV/VNAV, it can be flown to LNAV/VNAV minimums.

LNAV Non-precision GPS approach or non-GPS approach, such as ILS or Localizer.

MAPR Missed Approach indicates the system is providing missed approach integrity and CDI full-scale deflection ±0.3 NM.

4. SBAS selection

TheSBAS(Space-BasedAugmentationSystem)menuoptionallowsyoutoenableordisabletheuseofWAASsatellites.IfWAASisdisabled,theunitwillnotbeabletoflyverticallyguidedGPSapproaches(LPV,LNAV/VNAV,orLNAV+V).IfWAASwaspreviouslydisabled,itmaytakeseveralminutestoachievea3D-Difffixafterre-enablingWAAS.

See the section on SBAS Selection of the Setup 2 Page in the Aux Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

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5. GPS Position Calculation RateTheWAASGPSreceivercalculatesitspositionfive

timespersecondratherthanoncepersecondliketheClassicC-129/C-129aGPSsystems.This,togetherwiththeenhancedverticalaccuracyandothersystemen-hancements,allowsforverticalapproachguidance.

6. GPS SoftwareTheGPSsoftwareoftheClassic400/500seriesmet

therequirementsforLevel-C.Thenew400W/500WmeetsthemorerigorousrequirementsofLevel-B,whererequired.

7. Vectors-To-FinalIfVectorstoFinalisactivatedwhileonthe“FROM”

sideoftheFAF,automaticwaypointsequencingissus-pendedandtheSUSPannunciationwillappear.Auto-maticwaypointsequencingwillresumeoncetheaircraftisonthe“TO”sideoftheFAFandwithinfull-scaledeflection.

Vector-To-Final Suspend Operation

Remember,don’tpresstheOBSkeyoryouwillhavetoreloadtheapproach,unlessyoudesiretosequencetothefinalapproachsegmentintheactiveflightplan.

See the section on Vectors to Final in the Procedures chap-ter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

8. GPS/WAAS-Based Vertical GuidanceTheWAASGPSreceivernowallowsyoutousethe

400W/500WseriesunitforprimarynavigationanduseGPSwithverticalguidanceforLPV,L/VNAV,andLNAV+Vapproaches.

9. Holding PatternsTheHoldingpatterndepictionontheNavmode

movingmapshowstheaircraftpositionandprovidesactiveguidance,withrollsteeringautopilot-equippedaircraft.

Guidance provided along the holding pattern

See the section on Flying an Approach with a Hold in the Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

10. Autopilot Roll SteeringRollsteeringguidanceisnowprovidedforprocedure

turnsandholdingpatterns.Theholdingpatternnowde-pictstheactuallocationandshapeoftheholdingpatternwhileprovidingreal-timedisplayofyourposition.

See the Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

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11. OBS Operation

SUSPaftercancelingOBSwhenonFromsideofOBSpath–Thechangeinbehavioristhis:Whenyouputthe400W/500W-seriesunitintoOBSmodeandthecourseselectedplacestheaircraftontothefromsideandthenyoucancelOBS,theOBScourseisretainedbuttheunitindicatesthatsequencingissuspendedbyannunciatingSUSP.NotethatyoucanstillchangethecoursetotheOBSwaypointaslongasyouhaven’tcancelledOBS,butonceyouhaveitwillannunciateSUSP.TheWAASTSOrequirestheunittoannunciatewhenlegsequencingissuspended,sothisisthereasontheSUSPannunciationisactive.TheclassicproductbehavedthesamewaybutdidnotindicatethatsequencingwassuspendedandwhenpressingtheOBSkey,itwouldreturntoOBSmodeonthesamewaypoint.Withthe400W/500W-se-riesunit,pressingtheOBSkeywhentheSUSPan-nunciationisaboveitwillallowlegsequencingtooccurimmediately.

See the Q & A comments about using the OBS key in Appendix C - Troubleshooting Q&A of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

12. Hold to Altitude

TheHoldtoAltitudelegsnowusebaro-correctedaltitudeifitisavailable(similartoFixtoAltitudelegs).Thismeansthatifbaro-correctedaltitudeisavailableandtherequiredaltitudeisreachedforthehold,the400W/500W-seriesunitwillautomaticallyunsuspendandthensequencetothenextlegaftertheholdfixiscrossed.Ifbaro-correctedaltitudeisnotavailable,thenthebehavioristhesameastheClassic–theuserneedstopressOBStosequencepastthehold.

See the section on Flying an Approach with a Hold in the Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

13. Parallel Track

ParallelTrackallowsyoutocreateaparallelcourseoffsetof1to99NMtotheleftorrightofyourcurrentflightplan.Aftersettingaparalleltracktoyourcurrentflightplan,amagentaparalleltrackactiveleglinewillbedrawnoffsetfromtheoriginalbytheselecteddistance.Theoriginalcourselinewillappearinwhite.Theaircraftwillnavigatetotheparalleltrackcourseline.

PointstorememberwithParallelTrack:1. Youmusthaveanactiveflightplan.2. Thecurrentlegmustsupportparalleltrack.3. Parallel track isnotallowedfor theactive legofanapproach.

4. Paralleltrackisnotallowediftheactivelegisnotatrack-to-fixordirect-to-fixleg.

5. Paralleltrackmaybeallowedbutnottheselectedoffsetdistance.

6. ParallelTrackoffsetwaypointisindicatedwitha“-p”suffix.

Navigating Along A Parallel Track

After setting a parallel track to your current flight plan, a magenta parallel track line will be drawn offset from the original by the selected distance. The original course line will be drawn in white. The aircraft will navigate to the

parallel track course line.

Original flight plan course

line

Parallel Track offset waypoint

PresentPosition

Original waypoint

See the section on Parallel Track in the Flight Plan chap-ter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

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14. Magnetic Variation Options

MagneticvariationhasbeensimplifiedtothechoicesofMagneticandTrue.

See the section on Units/Position of the Setup 1 Page in the Aux Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

15. Terrain Database

TheTerrainfunctioninNavmodeisnowastandardfeature.Theextensivedatabaseaidsinterrainawareness.TAWSremainsasanoptioninthe500Wseries.

See the section on Terrain Operation in the Nav Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

16. Dead Reckoning (DR)

Deadreckoningistheprocessofcontinuingnavi-gationbasedonyourlastknownpositionusingyourcurrentheading,speed,time,anddistancetobetraveledafteralossofGPSnavigationonanactiveflightplan.Navigationusingdeadreckoningisthereforeonlyanestimateandrequiresthatyoumaintainthecourseandspeedshownonyour400W/500Wunit.Deadreckoningshouldnotbeusedifanyothermeansofnavigationisavailable,suchasaVORorpilotage.

DeadreckoningbecomesactiveafteralossofGPSpositionwhileyouarenavigatingusinganactiveflightplan.Apop-upmessagewillappearandrequirespilotinputtoclearthemessage.Deadreckoningisnotavail-ableifyouareinterminalorapproachmodes.

WhenDeadReckoningisactive,theownshipiconcolorischangedtoyellowandtheTo/FromflagisremovedfromtheCDI.TheDeadReckoningannun-ciator(DR)appearsontheleftsideofthemapdisplaywhenGPSpositionisunavailableandtheunitisinDeadReckoningmode.AllexternaloutputsdependentonGPSpositionareflagged.

See the section on Dead Reckoning in the Nav Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

17. Satellite Status PageTheSatelliteStatuspagehasbeenredesignedto

provideWAASGPSinformation.

Satellite Status Page Description

GPS Receiver Status

Sky View of satellite positions

Signal Strength Bars

Satellite Numbers

Horizontal Figure of Merit and Vertical

Figure of Merit

Estimated Position Uncertainty

Acquiring Satellite, not

ready for use

Excluded Satellite

Satellite acquired but not used for

position fix

Satellite acquired, used

for position fix, and has differential corrections

“INTEG” Annunciator

shown when the required level of integrity is not

available

Current Page in NAV Group

(page position depends on options;

see 400W/500W Series Display Interfaces Pilot's

Guide Addendum)

Current UTC Time

See the section on the Satellite Status Page in the Nav Pages chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

18. Graphics SpeedThegraphicsspeedforredrawingthedisplayismuch

improved.ThisisespeciallyevidentontheMapandTer-raindisplays.

19. CrossfillCrossfilloperationinthe400W/500Wseriesunitsis

now12xfasterthanintheClassicunits.Thedatabasesofthe400/500seriesandthe400W/500Wseriesareincompatible,soyoumaynotmixsystems.

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20. XM Radio Audio and Weather

XMWeatherisavailablethroughtheXMSatelliteRadioServicewhenactivatedintheoptionalinstalla-tionoftheGDL69or69A.TextualandgraphicweatherproductssuchasNEXRADgraphicweatherwithprecipi-tationtype,radarcoverage,TFRs,TAFs,andMETARssymbolsaredisplayedintheNAVfunction.ThetypesofproductsavailabledependonthesubscriptionservicewithXMSatelliteRadio.

XM NEXRAD Weather

Graphic METARs

Textual METARs

AudioentertainmentisavailablethroughtheXMSatelliteRadioServicewhenactivatedintheoptionalinstallationoftheGDL69A.The400Wand500WseriesunitsserveasthedisplayandcontrolheadforyourremotelymountedGDL69A.XMSatelliteRadioallowsyoutoenjoyavarietyofradioprogrammingoverlongdistanceswithouthavingtoconstantlysearchfornewstations.Basedonsignalsfromsatellites,coveragefarexceedsland-basedtransmissions.Whenenabled,theXMSatelliteRadioaudioentertainmentisaccessibleintheAUXfunction.

XM Satellite Radio Audio

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-30 for more details.

99

21. KAP140/KFC225 Autopilot Operation-Compatible

AutopilotoutputsfortheKingKAP140/KFC225autopilotsareactivatedmanuallybythepilotafterbeingpromptedduringtheapproachprocedure.Sincetheseautopilotsreverttorollmode-wingslevelwhentransitioningtoapproachmode,itisimportantforthepilottobepartofthedecisionprocessofwhentomakethiscontrolchange.Afterenablingoutputs,the400W/500W-seriesunitwillprovideguidanceinforma-tiontotheautopilot.

The400W/500W-seriesunitmustbeconfiguredduringinstallationtointerfacewiththeseautopilots.GuidancetotheFAFisactiveasindicatedbyApproachmodeannunciation(LPV,L/VNAV,LNAV+V,orLNAV).

See the section on Enabling Autopilot Outputs in the Procedures chapter of the Pilot’s Guide for more details.

22. GDL Configuration

TheGDL69/69AreceivesbroadcastweatherdatafromaserviceofXMSatelliteRadio,Inc.TheGDL69Aalsocanreceiveaudioentertainmentbroadcasts.

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-30 for more details.

23. GDL 69/69A Data Link Diagnostics

DiagnosticsfortheGDL69/69AareavailableforviewingintheAuxpagesofthe400W/500Wseriesunits.

See the section on XM Radio in the 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-30 for more details.

24. Traffic Range Rings

ThenumericvaluesforTrafficRangeringsvarywiththeinstalledtrafficsource.

See the section on Traffic in the 400W/500W Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-30 and the 400W/500W Series Display Inter-faces Pilot’s Guide Addendum - p/n 190-00356-31 for more details.

25. Installation

The400W/500WseriesproductsarecertifiedwithanAML(ApprovedModelList)STC.Therearemorethan900aircraftontheapprovedlist.ThisallowstheaircraftontheAMLtobeinstalledviatheSTC,thatmayresultincostandtimesavingsintheinstallationprocessfortheaircraftowner.Seeyourdealerfordetailsaboutyouraircraftinstallation.

26. How Can I Tell If I Have A WAAS Unit

Atthebeginningofthestart-upscreens,themodelnumberoftheunitwillhavea“W”attheendofthenumber.

Thereareacoupleofscreensyoucancheckquickly.TheSatelliteStatuspagehaschanged.UnderStatus,theWAASunitswillshowvaluesforHFOM,VFOM,andEPU.TheSBASSelectionpageisonlyavailableforWAASunits;seeitem4.

©2008GARMINCorporation

GARMINInternational,Inc. 1200East151stStreet,Olathe,Kansas66062,U.S.A.

Tel.913/397.8200or800/800.1020 Fax913/397.8282

GarminAT,Inc. 2345TurnerRd.,S.E.,Salem,Oregon97302,U.S.A.

Tel.503/581.8101or800/525.6726 Fax.503/364.2138

Garmin(Europe)Ltd. LibertyHouse,BullsCopseRoad,HounsdownBusinessPark,

Southhampton,SO409RB,U.K. Tel.+44(0)8708501243 Fax+44(0)2380524004

GARMINCorporationNo.68,Jangshu2ndRoad,Shijr,TaipeiCounty,Taiwan

Tel.886/2.2642.9199 Fax886/2.2642.9099

190-00356-06RevC

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