50
What’s the Matter? Introductory Chemistry Canadian Academy MrT
| Date post: | 17-Jan-2015 |
| Category: |
Education |
| Upload: | stephen-taylor |
| View: | 2,279 times |
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Whatrsquos the MatterIntroductory Chemistry
Canadian AcademyMrT
Unit Questions ldquoHow and why does organisation happenrdquoEnduring Understanding Systems are organised
Areas of interactionHuman ingenuityDeveloping methods for classification measurement and hypothesis testing leads to learning
Criterion Assessment Tasks
C Knowledge amp Understanding Unit Test
B Communication in Science KA amp BBP Science Show and blog post
D Scientific Inquiry E Processing Data
Intensive or Extensive (D)Determining Density (D amp E)
Matter and Measurement
bull Data collection relies upon instruments that have uncertaintiesbull Materials can be measured and classified in a variety of waysbull Ideas and materials can be classified in a variety of waysbull Materials can be measured in a variety of ways
Rule 1Make Good Decisions
Should we need any more
Make Good Decisionsbull All our resources are on GoogleSites isgdChemTaylorbull We will use Quia a lot for formative content-checking work bull All tasks are reported in PowerSchool bull Powerschool tasks have dates which you can subscribe to in iCal bull Most work will be collected on Turnitincom or through blogposts bull Use APA for referencing in ALL tasks bull My due dates are almost always 9pm You need to get to bed bull We use a lot of class time for assignments Make good use of it bull If you miss class come as soon as possible to catch up bull Irsquom always available to help bull Be responsible and safe on social media Protect your online reputation bull Treat yourself our working environment and others with respect bull Work safely Always ask if you are unsure
Quick Lab Orientation
Where isare thehellip
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Eye-wash station
Telephone
Goggles
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Unit Questions ldquoHow and why does organisation happenrdquoEnduring Understanding Systems are organised
Areas of interactionHuman ingenuityDeveloping methods for classification measurement and hypothesis testing leads to learning
Criterion Assessment Tasks
C Knowledge amp Understanding Unit Test
B Communication in Science KA amp BBP Science Show and blog post
D Scientific Inquiry E Processing Data
Intensive or Extensive (D)Determining Density (D amp E)
Matter and Measurement
bull Data collection relies upon instruments that have uncertaintiesbull Materials can be measured and classified in a variety of waysbull Ideas and materials can be classified in a variety of waysbull Materials can be measured in a variety of ways
Rule 1Make Good Decisions
Should we need any more
Make Good Decisionsbull All our resources are on GoogleSites isgdChemTaylorbull We will use Quia a lot for formative content-checking work bull All tasks are reported in PowerSchool bull Powerschool tasks have dates which you can subscribe to in iCal bull Most work will be collected on Turnitincom or through blogposts bull Use APA for referencing in ALL tasks bull My due dates are almost always 9pm You need to get to bed bull We use a lot of class time for assignments Make good use of it bull If you miss class come as soon as possible to catch up bull Irsquom always available to help bull Be responsible and safe on social media Protect your online reputation bull Treat yourself our working environment and others with respect bull Work safely Always ask if you are unsure
Quick Lab Orientation
Where isare thehellip
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Eye-wash station
Telephone
Goggles
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Rule 1Make Good Decisions
Should we need any more
Make Good Decisionsbull All our resources are on GoogleSites isgdChemTaylorbull We will use Quia a lot for formative content-checking work bull All tasks are reported in PowerSchool bull Powerschool tasks have dates which you can subscribe to in iCal bull Most work will be collected on Turnitincom or through blogposts bull Use APA for referencing in ALL tasks bull My due dates are almost always 9pm You need to get to bed bull We use a lot of class time for assignments Make good use of it bull If you miss class come as soon as possible to catch up bull Irsquom always available to help bull Be responsible and safe on social media Protect your online reputation bull Treat yourself our working environment and others with respect bull Work safely Always ask if you are unsure
Quick Lab Orientation
Where isare thehellip
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Eye-wash station
Telephone
Goggles
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Make Good Decisionsbull All our resources are on GoogleSites isgdChemTaylorbull We will use Quia a lot for formative content-checking work bull All tasks are reported in PowerSchool bull Powerschool tasks have dates which you can subscribe to in iCal bull Most work will be collected on Turnitincom or through blogposts bull Use APA for referencing in ALL tasks bull My due dates are almost always 9pm You need to get to bed bull We use a lot of class time for assignments Make good use of it bull If you miss class come as soon as possible to catch up bull Irsquom always available to help bull Be responsible and safe on social media Protect your online reputation bull Treat yourself our working environment and others with respect bull Work safely Always ask if you are unsure
Quick Lab Orientation
Where isare thehellip
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Eye-wash station
Telephone
Goggles
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Quick Lab Orientation
Where isare thehellip
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Eye-wash station
Telephone
Goggles
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Safety Rules1 Listen to amp read all instructions carefully Act on them 2 Be a role model for others Donrsquot mess around 3 Wear goggles at all times in lab work 4 Never eat or chew gum in class 5 Do not come or work in here without supervision 6 Wash your hands regularly 7 Be careful 8 Report all accidents immediately Do not try to clean up broken glass 9 Always ask if you are unsure about a task or instruction 10Dispose of all chemicals and used materials carefully
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Work Mode Use only the apps required for the task at hand
Work efficiently in class so that your own time is your own
Laptops Closed Give your full attention to the task teacher or your group
We will use technology a lot in our class including laptops dataloggers and smartphones
Please come charged and prepared
Wersquoll use them sometimeshellip
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Our first mission Science ShowHi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Canadian Academy inspires students to inquire reflect and choose to compassionately impact the world throughout their lives
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Hi Grade 9 Chemistry Students
Our KA and BBP students are investigating water and its changes properties and uses They would love for you to show them some
fun demonstrations of how water changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas We need the
demonstration to last 20 minutes and be repeatedmdashthe more colorful and dramatic the
better Do you think you can help
Many Thanks
Mrs Born and Mrs White
Goal Learn about properties of water and prepare some fun demonstrationsRole Science show performersAudience Students aged 3-5Scenario You are responsible for informing younger students about waterProduct A demonstration of 3 minutes with explanation that can be repeated Criteria F - Attitudes in Science for the show B ndash Communication in Science for the show and the blog post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
Some ideas bull why does boiling water lsquobubblersquobull why does the mirror lsquosteam uprsquo bull cloud in a bottle bull ice-cube melting race amp blue ice cubesbull heating copper sulphatebull sublimation
GoogleDoc httpgooglQJYso
Today bull Pick a topic research and plan the
demonstration bull Practice if you can
Tomorrow bull Practice and perfect
Friday present
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog PostGroup 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Jacky Nyeong-Min Ryota Madeleine Helen
Justin O Kelsey Avi Preetpal Saifullah
Justin T Paula Young-Jae Choryon Lucas
Joesh Tamanna Andy
1 Check the assessment criteria and set up your own task-specific clarifications
2 Practice It needs to bebull Clearbull Interestingbull About 3 minutes
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
ldquoStates of Matterrdquo Science Show amp Blog Post
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Science Show for KA amp BBPReactions to practice and prepare for the 4-5 year-olds
1 Elephantrsquos toothpaste2 High-Five Glove3 Traffic Lights Cylinders4 Red and Blue Convection Liquids5 Exploding Bubbles (Mg HCl and soap)
Assessmentbull Criterion F Attitudes in Science on the daybull Criterion B Communication in Science (blog post presentation)bull Further instructions on the GoogleDoc
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
17
InterpretingRearrangingComparing
StoragePreparation
Storagehellipsometimes branched
sometimes as separate
fragments
EventsObservationsInstructions
Perc
eptio
n Fi
lter
Working Memory Long-term Memory
Feedback loop for perception filter
How do we learn
From ldquoCultured Pearls of Tasty Truffles Teaching chemistry for the 21st Centuryrdquo by Bill Byershttpwww3ulie~childspCinAIssue66TOC20_truffleshtm
and why do we need to practice
Sohellipbull Review ask questions practicebull Come back to it later has it stuck bull Think about measurement and error in all your lab work
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
18
Measurement amp Errorbull Distinguish between quantitative and
qualitative databull State SI units of measurement for mass
length concentration temperature density and other values
bull Distinguish between accuracy and precision
bull Determine the uncertainty of digital and analogue measuring tools
bull Calculate the error of a given or recorded set of values
bull State and calculate values to appropriate numbers of significant digits
httpwwwslidesharenetgurustipmeasurement-error
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
19
Experimentationbull Identify independent dependent and controlled variablesbull Outline the Scientific Methodbull Demonstrate correct and safe use of lab equipment
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Scientific Method diagram from Mark Bishoprsquos excellent resources at httppreparatorychemistrycom
The Scientific Method
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Pour silver nitrate over the copper mesh
Add MnO2 to the H2O2
Add NaHCO3 to the HCl
Add Mg to the HCl
Scientific Method LabMake qualitative observationsDesign 1 investigation
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) ) NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Lab working notesbull Make sure your area is cleanbull Clean the glassware you will use before you use itbull Goggles on hair tied up Do not inhale fumes bull Donrsquot remove reagents from the prep deskbull Work safelybull Clean everything up with plenty of water ndash keep goggles on
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Forming and Testing Hypotheses
Mg(s) + HCl(aq) H2O2(aq) )
1 Take three small conical flasks Add a small amount of the solid amp solution 2 Cover the top and observe the reaction Make notes on your observations 3 When the reaction is finished put a splint into the flask What happens
4 Why do the flames behave differently Suggest a hypothesis for each 5 How could you test the hypothesis
flame glowing flame
MnO2(s)
Make observations of the reactions as you work What variables can you identify
What might you be able to change or to measure
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
The Reactions
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2H2O2(aq) O2(g) + 2H2O(l)
NaHCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
SQUEAKY POP
MnO2(s)
RE-IGNITES
EXTINGUISHES
hydrogen explodes
oxygen reignites the flame
carbon dioxide extinguishes the flame
The formula equations below show the reactions They are balanced and have (state symbols)
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Identifying and Manipulating VariablesChoose one of the reactions and suggest a simple research question that will allow you to investigate the effect of one variable (independent) on one other (dependent)
Research question ldquoHow does changing ________________ affect _____________ when _________________________________________rdquo
Independent VariableUnits Increments (min 5)
Dependent Variable Units Method for measuring
Variable Possible Impact Method for control Controlled Variables
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Whatrsquos an IncrementWe need to make our set of data
Quantitative and ContinuousBased on numerical measurements
The Independent Variable is on a scale so we can plot trends and deduce patterns
Example ldquoHow does changing the concentration of HCl in the reaction with Mg affect the volume of H2 gas producedldquo
Concentration HCl (M) Water (ml) 2M HCl (ml)
0 20 0
05
1 10 10
15
2 0 20
We can dilute known concentrations of a solution to make them weakerThis easily gives a range of increments of the same variable
total volume stays the same
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
28
Self and peer-assess for this task
We will practice the other strands of Criterion D Scientific Inquiry in our lab on Determining Density
Criterion D Scientific Inquiry (design strands)
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
29
Matter amp Propertiesbull Distinguish between elements mixtures and compoundsbull Identify and locate common elements on the periodic tablebull Describe changes in phase (state)bull Distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixturesbull Explain how to separate mixtures experimentally
Propertiesbull Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matterbull Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties of matter
Changes bull Distinguish between chemical and physical changesbull State that boiling freezing melting condensing and sublimation are examples of
physical changesbull State that changes in colour temperature precipitate formation odor and gas
formation are examples of indicators of chemical changebull State amp apply the Law of Conservation of Mass
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
30
Matter amp Properties
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
31
Whatrsquos the Matter Work through this interactive video from the BBC
put the subtitles on
Link for the video httpgooglOlqyg
Quia Quiz httpwwwquiacomquiz3822756html14 Matter amp Properties
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Elements compounds and mixtures
Elements are made of atoms
Elements are the simplest type of substance They cannot be broken into other substances
Compounds consist of two or more elements that are chemically bonded to each other eg carbon dioxide
These are both molecules
Molecules are two or more atoms that are chemically joined
But this (eg O2) is also still an element
Mixtures are two or more elements andor compounds that
are together but are not chemically bonded
Air is a mixture of N2 O2 CO2 and other gases
Homogenous mixtures such as solutions (HCl or salt water) have
molecules evenly distributed
Heterogeneous mixtures such as mixed-up powders the oceans or soup are not evenly distributed
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
What do you see here
A B C D E
GF
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
34
Properties of Matter How does the substance behave
Physical vs Chemical Physical properties can be observed
without producing a new substance
Colour temperature melting point boiling point electrical conductivity magnetism
Chemical properties can only be observed as a result of chemical change
Reactions to light heat acid or water Heat production colour changes
Intensive vs ExtensiveIntensive properties are independent of
sample size
They donrsquot change if you add more substance
Colour melting point boiling point electrical conductivity
Extensive properties depend on sample size
They do change if you add more substance
Mass volume pressure in a fixed container
What about density Wersquoll do a lab to find out
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
35
Mixtures Homogeneous vs Heterogeneous
Components are evenly distributed through the mixture
Components are not evenly distributed through the mixture
ldquosamerdquo ldquodifferentrdquo
Diagram from httpwwwm2c3comchemistryVLIM1_Topic2M1_Topic2_printhtml
Homogeneous examplesbull solutionsbull gases in the air
Heterogeneous examplesbull soupbull unevenly mixed solids
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
36
Separating Mixtures We can separate mixtures based on the properties of the components
Chromatography will separate differently-sized molecules in a solution
Filtration can be used to separate large particles from smaller particles or a solution
Evaporation can be used to separate solutes from a solvent in a solution
Magnetism could be used to separate a magnetic substance from non-magnetic substances
Distillation can be used to separate a mixture of two liquids with different boiling points (this is how we get petrolgasoline from oil)
Watch through this interactive BBC animation (10 mins) httpgoogluVfoO
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
The Language of Chemistry
Adapted from the IBDP Chemistry data booklet
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
38
Changing PhasePhases (states) of matter bull Solid liquid gas plasma
Phases diagram from httpenwikipediaorgwikiPhase_transition
Phases animation from httpmutuslabcsuwindsorcaschurkoanimationswaterphasesstatus_waterhtm
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Properties amp Changes LabJurinJaredSanamDavid
KiraraYotaJackNadine
MatthewNozomiSae JungSedge
EriCedricWheeminMahima
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
41
Determining Density LabAdd pieces one at a time to the balance recording the cumulative mass
Fill a 100ml graduated cylinder to 60ml
Add the pieces (without splashing) one-by-one to the cylinder
Record cumulative displacement each time
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Is density an intensive or an extensive property
httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
What is reliability in this dataset
Volume ( ) (plusmn )
Mas
s (
) (plusmn
)
Highly reliable All points on the best fit line suggests recorded values are highly repeatable
Less reliable Points close to the line but some variability Suggests some measurements could have been off
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
What is accuracy in this dataset
13 gml28 gml
Accuracy is a measure of how close a measured value is to the lsquotruersquo value
We can compare these and calculate error as a measure of accuracy
How many sigdigs would you use
0
+2
-2
+4
-4
e
rror
How would you describe the accuracy of these values
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Evaluations
Limitation or source of error uncertainty
Possible effect on results (with magnitude)
Proposed solution to the identified problem (be specific)
Validity of the method (did the method allow you to answer the RQ)
Reliability of the method (does the method produce reliable repeatable data)
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
47
Design an experiment to test whether a property of a substance is intensive or extensivebull Independent variable Dependent variable controlled variables bull Identify 5 increments of the independent variablebull How will you measure the dependent variable bull Hypothesis make a prediction with scientific reasoning bull Controlling the variables what needs to stay the same Why How
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Law of Conservation of MassldquoMatter can neither be created nor destroyedrdquo
reactants products
+
There will always be the same number of atoms of products as there were in the reactants In a closed system these will not escape so the mass of each side should remain unchanged
What happens in some gas-producing reactions when the system is not closed Why
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
Explain this
2000 1923
bull colour changebull gas productionbull heat production
Is it chemical or physical change How do you know Why did the system lose mass Has matter been created or destroyedCould the method be improved to be more accurate
Digital balances from httpwwwwiredchemistcomanim-density
230oC 262oC
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
