Date post: | 07-Aug-2015 |
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A Powerful Spanish Empire
___________from Spain ruled Holy Roman Empire
Left throne in 1556 Split Empire
Brother Ferdinand received Austria and Holy Roman Empire
___________got Spain
___________expanded into Portugal, parts of Africa, India, and the East Indies
Invaded England
Failed
Spain’s wealth kept Spain from looking ___________
Wealth from colonies
Philip wanted his palace to show luxury and power
Defender of ___________
Golden Age of Spanish Art and Literature
___________, a Greek painter in Spain.
Religious artist
Painter ___________reflected pride of Monarchy
Don Quixote de la Mancha, written in 1605
Wrote about a poor man who read too many stories about knights.
The Spanish Empire Weakens
Because of ___________:
Prices constantly ___________ Spaniards bought goods
from other places
Unfair ___________ Poor couldn’t save money
Spain borrowed money from other countries to pay for wars
Other countries made money
The Independent Dutch Prosper
___________ Practice religious tolerance
Each province had an elected leader
Dutch merchants gained ___________
Largest fleet of merchant ships in the world
Important bankers
Absolutism in Europe
___________ wanted to control lives
Absolute monarchs
God gives them right to rule
___________ – absolute rule
Religious Wars and Power Struggles
France had ____ religious wars
between _______________&__________________ from 1562 to 1598
1589, Protestant prince, Henry of Navarre, became ______________________
Became a Catholic ______________________
gave Huguenots—French Protestants—the right to live in peace and have their own churches
King Henry IV rebuilt the French economy and brought peace
Henry’s son, ___________was a weak king
Cardinal Richelieu ruled the king’s land Increased Royal Power
______________________worked for the government
Lowered nobles’ power
Writers Turn Toward Skepticism
Thinkers wrote using______________________
Doubting old ideas was the first step to learning the truth,
Louis XIV Comes to Power
1643___________ became king at the age of about five.
Cardinal ruled for King until he was 22
Kept nobles out of government
Increased government wealth
______________________, tried to build French industry.
Persuaded people to buy French good and move to New France
___________ trade in Americas brought $$$ to France
Louis made___________most powerful
Lost some expensive wars
Poor harvests
1700 – _________________________________
France and Spain tried to unite
Europe united to fight them Lost land and colonies to England
Thirty Years’ War
1618, Catholics Vs. Protestants in Europe
1648, Peace of __________________
Peace treaty weakened power of Austria and Spain
New way of peace - Treaty
Prussia Challenges Austria
Hohenzollerns ruled Prussia
1740, ______________________ invaded part of Austria
Fought again 1756, Seven Years War
Prussia and Britain won against Austria, France, and Russia
The First Czar
1533________________________________ took control when he was 3
___________ (landowners) tried to control him unsuccessfully
Added lands and laws to Russia
After wife, ___________, died, became very harsh
Thought she was poisoned
Ivan used___________to kill enemies
Even his oldest son
After Ivan the Terrible, Russian rulers chose ______________________ (Son of Anastasias nephew)
Began ____________________ which ruled for 300 years
Peter the Great Comes to Power
Late 1600s___________ was one of Russia's greatest rulers
Called __________________
Increased power
First time a czar traveled to Western Europe to learn about technology
Peter Rules Absolutely
Peter increased power
Bigger, better army
Peter ___________Russia
Used west as model for change
Peter’s Accomplishments
Brought Potatoes to Russia
More Social Status to Women
Fought Sweden to gain a port to travel to West
______________________
an assembly of the representatives of a political nation or people, often the supreme legislative authority
Monarchs Defy Parliament
1603, King of Scotland, ___________, became king of England
Began struggles with ___________
James was Catholic
Parliament was Puritan
1625, ___________ becomes king
More conflict with Parliament
1628, ___________ forced Charles to sign Petition of Right
Forced king to be governed by ___________
1629,Charles disbanded the Parliament
Began Charles “Personal Rule” Charles needed $ for war with Scotland
Passed laws to limit Charles’ power
1642, ______________________
1642 – 1649, ___________
Charles I and Royalists Vs. Parliament and allies (Puritans)
Charles taken to court and executed for ___________
Cromwell became ________________________________
After Cromwell’s death, government collapsed
___________ asked Charles’s son to rule
1660, Charles II rules England in Era of Restoration
Restoration and Revolution
Guaranteed freedom Gave every
prisoner the __________________ Monarchs could
not put people in jail for opposing them
1685, Charles II died, his brother ___________________
King James II was ___________
Parliament was afraid he would restore ___________