WHEN CITIES ENTER IN SHARING MODE! GOVERNANCE MODELS IN SEOUL & MILAN

MONICA BERNARDI

DAVIDE DIAMANTINI

Milano-Bicocca University

Centro QUA_SI

LabGov Experimentations in theItalian contexts (and more)

The EMERGINGSHARING/COLLABORATIVE ECONOMY

NEW FORMS of MANAGEMENT & GOVERNANCE MODELS are REQUIRED

A new proposition of the so-called COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE

IT IS TRANSFORMING OUR WAY TO CONSUME, TO PRODUCE, TO WORK, TO LIVE IN THE CITY,

affecting the economic system, the job market, the community building process, the environment too.

It can

• Actualize collaborative ideas• Develop hidden opportunities and spread new

practices• Define innovative strategies for the local

development.

In return it gains the possibility to

• Release resources

• Create scale economy thanks to public-private partnerships

• Offer more services at lower cost

• Improve the quality of life of their citizensand the environmental conditions.

The role of the PUBLIC AUTHORITY

ENTER IN THE PROCESS

BECOME AN ENABLER

How?

PARTNER STATE (Bauwens and Kostakis, 2014)

A state that allows the creation of value by its citizens, fosters their activism and embraces the principle of horizontal subsidiarity giving its citizens the opportunity to take care of the city firsthand.

A STATE that holds together non-state actors, in a direct, active,

formal and mutual involvement process, the so-called 5 souls of a collaborative governance :

CITIZENS AND SOCIAL INNOVATORS

COMPANIES

COGNITIVE INSTITUTIONS

ORGANIZED CIVIL SOCIETY

SEOUL

MILAN

IN SEOUL…

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The starting push came from the Mayor and his “people-centered administration”, that launched a wave of innovation that is generating a real ecosystem of sharing.

PA as ENABLING PLATFORM to favor the spread of SE services, promote the usage and the knowledge

PAMAIN PLAYER. It organizes, addresses, manages and promotes

STRONG PUBLIC DIRECTION

Semi TOP-DOWN approachit started from public consultations, it is focused on people and cross the bottom-istances

• SHARING ECONOMY ISSUES enter in the political agenda in 2012

Sharing City Declaration in 09.2012–manifesto – logo –policies start

• Strong committment of the SEOUL METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT

• Creation of the SOCIAL INNOVATION DIVISION inside the SMG

• «Seoul Metropolitan City Sharing Promotion Ordinance» (12.2012) resulted from a seriesof public hearings

• SHARING PROMOTION COMMITTE (02.2013)

• SHARING FACILITATION COMMITTEE to solve tensions among sharing business e currentlaws…

• SHARING ECONOMY ADVISORY BOARD

• Web platform SHAREHUB, run by CCKorea (Sharing is the way of life for sustainabletomorrow)

• «Seoul Metropolitan Government Act for Promoting Sharing» it gives the legal frameworkto support sharing no profit organizations (01.2014)

SEOUL: SOME KEY POINTS…

Activities covers different sectors

-Selected and supported 63 sharing organizations

-Meetings to train people with sharing business ideas Sharing Economy Start School (3° ed.),

-Meeting & gatherings to spread the knowledge and make aware about the sharing economySharing City Seoul Fair (2° ed. 05.2015)

-Meetings inside the schools Sharing Economy Clubs, Sharing Schools

-Opening of public spaces to organize citizens events (23,000 groups of people have already usedthe shared spaces available from the Municipality, generating 9,000 occasion of shared use)

-Citizen Hall (nel City Hall)

-Youth Spaces Youth Zone, Youth Hub

-Share of public and private parking lotsmoduparking

-Boost carsharing (4 companies, 400,000 users)

-Bikesharing service

Youth Business Start up Incubation program: incubated20 sharing enterprises

And selected 10 start up (they received 240 thousanddollars)At anytime is possible to present a business idea.

In the first phase selected and supported 63 sharing businesses (and expect to support 300 by 2018).

Organizations and businesses able to reply at the mainsocial problems (intergenerational gathering, recycle, creation of commuities and new social links, creationnew jobs…)

The city provides - administrative support, - public relations consulting, - financial support

SHARING BUSINESSES SELECTED & SUPPORTED BY THE SMG

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IN MILAN…

… the reflection has emerged spontaneously from the bottom and has found in the public administrationan attentive listener and a strong supporter

COLLABORATIVE PROCESS based ON DIALOGUE that callsfor CO-DESIGN and CO-MANAGEMENT

PA CONNECTORONE OF THE ACTORS (not the main)ENABLING PLATFORM

NO PUBLIC DIRECTION

WIDESPREAD GOVERNANCE WITHOUT A MAIN ACTOR

BOTTOM UP approach

MILAN: SOME KEY POINTS…• Started from Sharexpo

• Guidelines on the sharing economy (12.2014) (Public hearings and online consultation)

• External experts group

• Cooperation among different internal divisions

• Communication support of the local sharing events

• Stakeholder mapping

• Commission research on the sharing propensity and on the possible impacts

• Civic Crowdfunding (400 thousand €)

• Incubators with public participation: FabriQ (2°ed.), Alimenta2Talent, PoliHub, SpeedMiUp, A.I.R

• Requalification of idling spaces and creation of new spaces: Via D’Azeglio (FabLab) , Ex Ansaldo (BASE MILANO), Smart City Lab

• HOUSE OF COLLABORATION

• SHARED MOBILITY:

• CARSHARING: 5 Operators (Enjoy, Car2Go, GuideMi, E-go, Twist) – 2000 daily uses

• BIKESHARING: 10.000 daily uses

• SCOOTER SHARING & ELECTRIC SHARING

SHARED CREATIVITY:

• MAKERSPACE, FABLAB

• 32 COWORKING SPACES (civic vouchers)

• SPACES: EX ANSALDO, D’AZEGLIO STREET, SMART CITY LAB, FabriQ

USE & REUSE OF SPACES

• CALL «SPAZIO AI PROGETTI»: 8 spaces for associations (630mq)

• 24 SOCIAL HOUSINGS

• 34.000mq for 8 new GARDENS

• «TIRA SU LA CLER» PROJECT : 900.000€for self-employments

SHARED INFO: • City WiFi : 300.000 users, 500 access

points• E015 Ecosystem (495 members)• 30 DIGITAL ISLANDS• 237 OPEN DATASET

COLLABORATIVE FINANCE: • CIVIC CROWDFUNDING• WELFARE AMBROSIANO FOUNDATION

OPEN GOVERNMENT: • 9mln for participatory budget• Food Policy (public consultations)• Community Welfare (to improve the

domestic welfare system)

COMMON ELEMENTS

1. A PEOPLE CENTERED APTITUDE, that put citizens in the center

2. A DYNAMIC AND ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP, aware of its potential in terms of concrete contribution at the wellness of the society and able to think out of the box to tackle the economic, environmental and social crisis.

3. A NUDGING CLASS (Iaione, 2015), a class able to replace the current ruling class and drive, push and nudge society and institutions towards a sharing and collaborative paradigm, transforming the social and economic relations among urban inhabitants

4. A STRONG ATTENTION to & A VIVID SUPPORT for THE SOCIAL INNOVATION, as driving force to favor the social inclusion and cohesion

5. A SMART BACKGROUND, that allow the spread of the new sharing practices and simplify the possibilities of connection

Even if the cities are different for culture, features and dimensions, similar rhetoric, labels, epistemiccommunities and strategies can be detected.

6. AN OPEN AND SUPPORTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, willing to rethink its role and able to became an enabler of the new collaborative waves, which

• has a CLEAR VISION about potentialities, challenges and benefits of the

sharing economy + its role and future directions

• pushes cooperation within its INTERNAL DIVISIONS

• creates SPECIFIC ENTITIES to follow the process and ask external actors to

partner

• enters in the sharing flux and become an EARLY ADOPTER too

• MAPS the existing services and platforms

• Favors the design of NEW EXPERIMENTATIONS and the updating of existing services

…

• OPENS ITS SPACES to people’s creativity and business ideas

• ALLOWS SOCIAL BUSINESS IDEAS TO THRIVE, stimulating third and

private sectors and civil society

• Starts a specific COMMUNICATION CAMPAIGN

• Creates a WEBPLATFORM of CONNECTION

• States specific REGULATION/GUIDELINES/ACT on the sharing economy

to declare its role and what and how can be done

The aptitude of the two municipalities favor the development and dissemination of practices that simplify or improve the lives of citizens.

• Open to INNOVATION means giving SPACE FOR NEW FRONTIERS OF EXPERIMENTATIONSwhose results directly affect citizens.

• Integrating innovation with the care and ATTENTION TO CITIZENS, and therefore with the issue of social inclusion as a means to facilitate the free expression of every individual and their active involvement in the practices, can have a SUBSTANTIAL IMPACT ON PEOPLE.

• Also SUPPORT THE EMERGENCE AND SPREAD OF NEW SERVICE MODELS promotes the ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT of the territory and the adoption of MORE SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION patterns.

To conclude…

There isn’t a “one-fit-all” model, but customized work for shaping the most effective and efficient model for the territory

Milan and Seoul are pioneering experiences that go in the direction of CO-MANAGEMENT, CO-PRODUCTION, CO-REFLECTION, COLLABORATION AND SHARING with a particular focus on innovation, sustainability, equity and access, namely in the direction of CO-CITY, but each has its own forms and aspects.

Although one cannot speak of collaborative governance in all-round, as in the LabGovsense, the projects implemented seems to go in this direction

For experts (like Janelle Orsi, Juliet Schor…) the sharing economy seems to give both opportunities and serious concerns.

What those cities are doing is trying to integrate it in the society, experimenting forms of co-design and co-planning, to co-create and co-operate, in order to start a transition from the current consumeristic model, give new value to relations instead of things, to re-imagine policies and construct a more participative democracy.

INTEGRATING THE SHARING ECONOMY IN THE SPECIFIC LOCAL CONTEXT, GOING IN THE DIRECTION OF THE CO CITY, ALLOWS TO RENEGOTIATE THE GOVERNANCE SCHEMES FINDING THE BEST AND MORE SUITABLE PRACTICES FOR THAT LOCAL CONTEXT

THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE INSTITUTIONS IS THE ABILITY - TO RECOGNIZE AND CULTIVATE THE INTELLIGENCE OF THE SOCIETY- TO INCUBATE THE SOCIAL CAPITAL- To create the conditions to, the right ecosystem to allow commoning to thrive

THANK YOU

m.bernardi4@campus.unimib.it