When You Begin Writing Double-space the text of your paper. Use
the Times New Roman font. The font size should be 12 pt. Indent the
first line of paragraph a half-inch from the left margin.
Slide 3
Centre the title and capitalize all the main words. Do not
underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation marks. Do
not use a period after your title or after any heading. Use
quotation marks and/or italics when referring to other works in
your title, just as you would in your text: Fear and Loathing in
Las Vegas as a Morality Play
Slide 4
Number all pages consecutively with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3,
4, etc.), one-half inch from the top. Double space between the
title and the first line of the text.
Slide 5
Refer to the author by his or her full name the first time it
is mentioned in the text, Later in the text use only the last name
of the author. If you have two authors with the same last name use
both the first and last names consistently.
Slide 6
Italicize titles of books, plays, magazines, journals,
newspapers, movies, television shows, compact discs and Web sites.
Titles of articles, chapters in a book, short stories, essays,
poems, and songs are in quotation marks. Pages in a web site,
individual episodes of TV and radio broadcasts are put within
quotation marks.
Slide 7
Enclose in single quotation marks a title normally indicated
when it appears within another title requiring quotation marks.
Lines after Reading Sailing to Byzantium
Slide 8
Italicize a title normally indicated by italics when it appears
within a title enclosed in quotation marks Romeo and Juliet and
Renaissance Politics If a period is required after an italicized
title that ends with a quotation mark, place the period before the
quotation mark. The study appears in New Perspectives on The Eve of
St.Agnes.
Slide 9
Exceptions to the Rule The holy books: Bible, Quran,Upanishads.
Laws,acts and similar political documents. Declaration of
Independence Series University of North Carolina Studies in
Comparative Literature.
Slide 10
Spell out numbers that can be written in one or two words
(four, thirty-five); use numerals to represent longer numbers (110,
5 ). Do not begin a sentence with a numeral spell it out. Fifty
people were killed in an accident. Express related numbers in the
same format 5 out of 50 states
Slide 11
In-text citation Follow the author-page method. The author's
last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation is taken
must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on
your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the
sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation. The page
number(s) should always appear in the parentheses.
Slide 12
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a
"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). Romantic poetry
is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings"
(Wordsworth 263).
Slide 13
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title of the
work. Place the title in quotation marks if it's an article
Italicize it if it's a play, book, television show or an entire
website and provide a page number if applicable.
Slide 14
Citing a Work by Multiple Authors For a source with three or
less than three authors, list the authors' last names in the text
or in the parenthetical citation: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that
tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76).
Slide 15
For a source with more than three authors, provide the first
author's last name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
Jones et al. counter Moore's argument by noting that the current
spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun
laws (4). OR Legal experts counter Moore's argument by noting that
the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to
adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4).
Slide 16
OR Jones, Driscoll, Ackerson, and Bell counter Moore's argument
by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels
law makers to adjust gun laws (4).
Slide 17
Citing Authors with Same Last Names If two or more authors have
the same last name, provide both authors' first initials (or even
the authors' full name if different authors share initials) in your
citation. For example: Although some medical ethicists claim that
cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note
that the advantages for medical research outweigh this
consideration (A. Miller 46).
Slide 18
Citing two articles by the same author: Mayore has argued that
computers are not useful tools for small children ("Too Soon" 38),
though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to
computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in
a child's second and third year ("Hand-Eye Development" 17).
Slide 19
Citing two books by the same author Murray states that writing
is "a process" that "varies with our thinking style" (Write to
Learn 6). Additionally, Murray argues that the purpose of writing
is to "carry ideas and information from the mind of one person into
the mind of another" (A Writer Teaches Writing 3).
Slide 20
Citing Multivolume Works If you cite from different volumes of
a multivolume work, always include the volume number followed by a
colon. Put a space after the colon, then provide the page
number(s). (If you only cite from one volume, provide only the page
number in parentheses.) (1: 14-17)
Slide 21
Non Print Sources Include in the text the item that appears in
the Bibliography page. (e.g. name of the author, article, website
or film name). You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page
numbers based on your Web browsers print preview function. Only
provide partial URLs such as when the name of the site includes,
for example, a domain name, like CNN.com or Forbes.com as opposed
to writing out http://www.cnn.com or http://www.forbes.com.
Slide 22
Short Quotations To indicate short quotations (fewer than four
typed lines of prose or three lines of verse) in your text, enclose
the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author and
specific page citation and in the case of verse, provide line
numbers.
Slide 23
Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons
should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and
exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they
are a part of the quoted passage but after the parenthetical
citation if they are a part of your text.
Slide 24
When quoting short passages of prose, use the following
examples: According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of
personality" (Foulke 184), though others disagree. According to
Foulkes study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality"
(184). Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of
personality" (Foulke 184)?
Slide 25
When short (fewer than three lines of verse) quotations from
poetry, mark breaks in short quotations of verse with a slash, /,
at the end of each line of verse (a space should precede and follow
the slash). Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened
there / That's all I remember" (11-12).
Slide 26
Long Quotations For quotations that extend to more than four
lines of verse or prose, start the quotation on a new line, with
the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin; maintain
double-spacing. Your parenthetical citation should come after the
closing punctuation mark. When quoting verse, maintain original
line breaks.
Slide 27
Nelly Dean dehumanizes Heathcliff throughout her narration:
They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their
room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the
stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else
attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door,
and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made
as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense
for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte
78)
Slide 28
Adding or Omitting Words in Quotations If you add a word or
words in a quotation, you should put brackets around the words to
indicate that they are not part of the original text. Jan Harold
Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states, "some individuals
[who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumour or
tale" (78).
Slide 29
If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should
indicate the deleted words by using ellipsis marks, which are three
periods preceded and followed by a space. In an essay on urban
legends, Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of
learning every rumour or tale... and in a short time a lively
exchange of details occurs" (78).
Slide 30
Quotation with Ellipsis at the End In surveying various
responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Touchman
writes, medical thinking trapped in the theory of astral
influences,stressed air as the communicator of disease.... If there
is a parenthetical reference follows the ellipses place the
sentence period after the final parenthesis. In surveying various
responses to plagues in the Middle Ages, Barbara W. Touchman
writes, medical thinking trapped in the theory of astral
influences,stressed air as the communicator of disease...
(101-102).
Slide 31
When omitting words from poetry quotations, use a three-period
ellipses; however, when omitting one or more full lines of poetry,
space several periods to about the length of a complete line in the
poem: These beauteous forms, Through a long absence, have not been
to me As is a landscape to a blind man's eye:....................
Felt in the blood, and felt along the heart; And passing even into
my purer mind, With tranquil restoration. (22-24, 28-30)
Slide 32
Bibliography One Author Write the author's name as Last Name,
First Name. Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of
Human Societies. New York: Norton, 1999. Print.
Slide 33
Two or More Authors List the names in the order they appear on
the title page, with commas between authors, and a period after the
last author's name. Only the name of the first author should be
reversed the other name(s) should be written in regular order.
Slide 34
Hutcheon, Linda,and Michael Hutcheon.Bodily Charm: Living
Opera. Lincoln:U of Nebraska P,2000.Print. King, Samuel P., and
Randall W. Roth. Broken Trust: Greed, Mismanagement, and Political
Manipulation at America's Largest Charitable Trust. Honolulu: U of
Hawaii P, 2006. Print.
Slide 35
For more than three authors, either give only the first author
and add et al., or give all the names in the order in which they
appear on the title page.
Slide 36
Plag, Ingo, et al. Introduction to English Linguistics.
Berlin:Mouton, 2007. Print Plag, Ingo, Maria Braun and Mareile
Schramm. Introduction to English Linguistics. Berlin:Mouton, 2007.
Print
Slide 37
Work in an Anthology Author, title and if relevant translator,
editor or the complier of the book should be mentioned.The page
numbers too should be mentioned. Bordo,Susan. The Moral Content of
Nabokovs Lolita. Aesthetic Subjects. Ed.Pamela R.Mathews and David
McWhirter. Minneapolis:U of Minnesota P,2003.125-52.Print.
Slide 38
Editors, Compilers, Translators If the persons named on the
title page are editors, compilers, or translators, add a comma and
a descriptive label, e.g., eds., comps., trans.
Slide 39
Lucas, John S., and Paul C. Southgate, eds. Aquaculture:
Farming Aquatic Animals and Plants. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Print.
Allende Isabel. Toads Mouth. Trans. Margaret Sayers Peden. A
Hammock beneath the Mangoes. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. Print.
Slide 40
Edition If a book is identified as being other than the first
edition (e.g., 2nd edition, Revised edition), give the edition just
before the publication information. Newcomb, Horace, ed.
Television: The Critical View. 7 th ed. New York : Oxford
UP,2007.Print.
Slide 41
Work in an Anthology When citing an essay, short story, or
other work that is contained in an anthology or other book
collection, provide information about both the piece and the
complete book Humphries, LaJean. "How to Evaluate a Web Site." Web
of Deception: Misinformation on the Internet. Ed. Anne P. Mintz.
Medford: U of Minnesota,2002. 165-73. Print.
Slide 42
Book in a Series If the title page or other introductory pages
indicate that the book is part of a series, give the series name
and the series number, if any, at the end of the entry.
Abbreviations may be used, including Ser. for series. Neruda,
Pablo.Canto General. Trans.Jack Schmitt. Berkely: U of California
P,1991.Print.Latin American Literature and Culture 7.
Slide 43
Encyclopaedias and Reference Books When citing familiar
reference books, especially those that appear often in new
editions, full publication information is not necessary. Pelley,
Patricia M. "Vietnam." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2008 ed. 2008.
Print.
Slide 44
Two or More Works by the Same Author(s) When citing two or more
sources by the same author, give the name in the first entry only.
For the next entries, type three hyphens, add a period, and skip a
space (---. ) then give the title. Scott, Susan. Exploring Hanauma
Bay. Honolulu: U of Hawaii P, 1993. Print. ---. Plants and Animals
of Hawaii. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1991. Print.
Slide 45
PERIODICALS Magazine Articles Author. "Title of Article." Title
of Magazine Date: Page(s). Type of Material. If no author's name is
given for an article, begin with the title of the article. "Sachin
The Star." Sports Illustrated 30 Mar. (2009): 18. Print.
Slide 46
Scholarly Journal Articles Baskin, Yvonne. "Sea Sickness: The
Upsurge in Marine Diseases." Bioscience 56.6 (2006): 464-69. Print.
Davis, William D., Thomas Cleary, Michelle Donnelly, and Samuel
Hellerman. "Using Sensor Signals to Analyze Fires." Fire Technology
39.4 (2003): 295-308. Print.
Slide 47
Newspaper Articles Dior,Jim. Yeats Meets the Digital Age. New
York Times 20 July 2012 New England ed.:Print.
Slide 48
Web Sites When citing web sites, include the author, title, and
publication information and add the date of access, because web
pages are often updated or moved. All components in the format
below may not be identifiable for a web site; include as much as is
available.
Slide 49
Altonn, Helen. "Marine Team Sounds Alarm for Reefs. The Devils
Dictionary 2008. Web. 17 June 2009.
Slide 50
A Film Its a Wonderful Life. Dir.Frank Capra. Perf. James
Stewart and Donna Reed.Cinecom Intl.,2000.Film.
Slide 51
E-mail (including e-mail Interviews) Give the author of the
message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. State to
whom to message was sent, the date the message was sent, and the
medium of publication. Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature."
Message to the author. 15 Nov. 2000. E-mail.
Slide 52
Interview Gordimer,Nadine. Interview.New York Times 10 Oct
2010,Print. Lansbury,Angela.Interview by Ted Koppel.Nightline.
ABC,New York.18 Apr.2002.Television.