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When you think of mental health what comes to mind?
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6/29/20
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Warrior Wellness: Mental Health & Women in the U.S. Military
Event MaterialsVisit the event page to download a copy of the presentation slides and any additional resources.
This webinar has been approved to offer continuing education credit. Please stay tuned for more information!
Continuing Education
Event Page: https://militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org/event/69337/
Pixabay / CC0
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Connecting military family service providers and Cooperative Extension professionals to
research and to each other through engaging online learning opportunities
https://militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org
This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Military Family Readiness Policy, U.S. Department of
Defense under Award Numbers 2015-48770-24368 and 2019-48770-30366.5
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Mary Mattson, MSW, LICSW
Today’s Presenter
Director of Psychological Health133rd Airlift Wing -- MN National Guard
Clinical interests include working with adults and teens:• experiencing anxiety• depression• eating disorders• PTSD and trauma• Interpersonal Violence/Intimate Partner
Violence (IPV)[email protected]
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1. Understand predominant mental health concerns for women serving in the military.
2. Discover how these concerns can be different because of military service.
3. Discuss experiences and consequences of deployment on women’s mental health.
4. Examine challenges and barriers for women service members seeking help.
5. Identify and discuss symptoms, warning signs, resources, and how to help women service members seek the help they want and need.
Learning Objectives
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Women in the Military• As of July 2018:– women comprise more than 16% of active duty
service members – fill 10% of all positions among deployed forces in
recent conflicts• 150,000+ women serve in National Guard and
Reserves• Women are the fastest growing population
served in the VA
Source: Psychological Health Center of Excellence.8
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What are mental health issues that you think might be faced by
a woman in the military and why?
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According to research, more than a quarter of all
women (25.2%) serving on active duty in
December 2018 had a history of a mental health
condition.
Source: Psychological Health Center of Excellence.10
Cpl. Sarah Stegall / M arine Corps Installations Pacific
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Active Duty women are 1.5 to almost 2 times more likely to be diagnosed with mental health disorders
than their male counterparts.
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David Perry / 75th Air Base Wing Public Affairs
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Common Mental Health Diagnoses for Women in the Military
• Depression• Anxiety• Adjustment Disorder• Eating Disorders• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (men
diagnosed more often)
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Demographics• Women seen and treated for mental health
disorders: – Young– Black– Enlisted – Unmarried
• Stressors:– Responsible for
families or children– Employment– School
Source: Maguen, Ren, Bosch, Marmar and Seal, 2010. 13
Tech. Sgt. Lynette Hoke / 133rd Airlift Wing Public Affairs
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Enlisted Women and Mental Health Research
• Over 1000 women studied post 9/11• Enlisted: Over half were E4-E6• Branch:– 85% Army– 6% Air Force– 6% Marines– 2% Navy
Source: Dye, Eskridge, Tepe, Clouser and Galarneau, (2016). 14
Graphics by Lynn Kaczenski / DVIDS Hub
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• 40% diagnosed within a year of injury – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder 20%– Depressive Disorder: 12%– Adjustment Disorder: 9%– Anxiety Disorder: 8%
Source: Dye, Eskridge, Tepe, Clouser and Galarneau, 2016.
Enlisted Women and Mental Health Research
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• Older women were at higher risk to be diagnosed with PTSD and depression –More deployments– Different place in their life with their families– Life transitions
16Cpl. Sarah Stegall / M arine Corps Installations Pacific
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Military Sexual Trauma (MST)• MST is an experience and not a diagnosis • 1 in 4 women have answered yes to experiencing MST (as
opposed to 1 in 100 men) • All survivors are different and react differently – Sleep difficulties– Substance abuse– Relationship difficulties– Strong emotions and/or feelings of numbness
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True or False? Women in the military have a higher
occurrence of suicide compared to male service members.
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Suicide• Lower for women vs men• Higher for military women vs civilian women.
– Military women are 1.8 times more likely to die by suicide (Military Times, 2019)
• Factors contributing to suicide for military women:– leaving the military– financial struggles– domestic violence– substance abuse
military sexual trauma• National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
– 1-800-273-8255 (press 1 for military)
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Reintegration Struggles• 43% of women and 45% of men have rated their
reintegration as difficult to very difficult• Struggles:
– Family reintegration– Anger and irritation– Trouble adjusting back to civilian life and work – Post traumatic stress– Lost interest in doing anything
Source: Patten and Parker, 2019.20
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Mental Health Stigma
• Military records show that talking to a doctor is a good career move.
• 97% of personnel who sought mental health treatment did not experience any negative career impact.
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What signs might indicate that a Service Member is struggling with a
mental health issue?
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What Do I Look For?
Have a conversation; dig deeper. Listen.
• Anhedonia: Inability to find pleasure in things usually found pleasurable.
• Change in appetite; eating too much or too little. • Change in sleep patterns.• Ask questions about self harm or harm to others. – “It’s common for someone who has a lot of stress to feel
like things are hopeless. Have you felt like that?” • Trust your gut.
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How Can I Help?
• Refer to (or establish!) mental health programs geared specifically for military women (veterans, prior service, active).
• Understand the difference between Active Duty, Reserve, and National Guard.
• Give referrals of websites, literature, agencies.
• Normalize experiences.
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Resources• National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA) • VA: – Center for Women Veterans– Local Vet Centers– Moving Forward
• Mental Health America• Military One Source• National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
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Case StudyKim is 24-year-old and is a single, Caucasian Staff Sergeant
who comes to see you for financial information on budgeting and money management. She reveals to you that she completed her first deployment a year ago and says, “I
haven’t felt like myself since then.” She reveals through your conversation that she sleeps about five hours a night
and has a hard time shutting off her mind.
What additional questions might you ask?What recommendations do you give Kim?
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Case Study
Janice is a married, African-American Major who was referred to you because she is deploying next year. She reveals to you that her partner has complained about Janice’s anxiety and
wants her to see a professional. Janice refuses saying, “I don’t want to lose my military career talking to a counselor.”
How do you respond?
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References• Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch. (2012). Mental disorders and mental health problems, active component, U.S. Armed Forces,
2000-2011. MSMR, 19(6), 11–17.• Bean-Mayberry, B., Batuman, F., Huang, C., Goldzweig, C. L., Washington, D. L., Yano, E. M., … Shekelle, P. G. (2010). Systematic review
of women Veterans’ health research 2004–2008 (VA-ESP Project #05-226). Retrieved from http://www.hsrd.research.va.gov/publications/esp/women-vets.cfm
• Defense Manpower Data Center. (2018). Table of active duty females by rank/grade and service. Retrieved from https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/dwp/dwp_reports.jsp.(link is external)
• Department of Defense, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Community and Family Policy. (n.d.). 2016 Demographics profile of the military community. Retrieved from http://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2016-Demographics-Report.pdf(link is external).
• Dye, J. L., Eskridge, S. L., Tepe, V., Clouser, M. C., & Galarneau, M. (2016). Characterization and comparison of combat-related injuries in women during OIF and OEF. Military medicine, 181(suppl_1), 92-98.
• Maguen, S., Ren, L., Bosch, J. O., Marmar, C. R., & Seal, K. H. (2010). Gender differences in mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans enrolled in veterans affairs health care. American journal of public health, 100(12), 2450-2456.
• Manning L. (2013). Women in the Military: Where They Stand. 8th ed. Washington, DC: Women’s Research & Education Institute.• Patten, E. & Parker, K. (2019) Women in the U.S. Military: Growing Share, Distinctive Profile. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from
https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/12/22/women-in-the-u-s-military-growing-share-distinctive-profile/• Rosenfield SH. Gender and dimensions of the self: implications for internalizing and externalizing behavior. : Frank E, Gender and Its
Effects on Psychopathology. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000:23–36. • Rychnovsky, J., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Screening for postpartum depression in military women with the postpartum depression screening
scale. Military Medicine, 171(11), 1100–1104.• Thomas, KH & Hunter, K. (2019) Why women veterans are more likely to commit suicide than civilian women. Retrieved from
https://www.militarytimes.com/education-transition/2019/08/14/why-women-veterans-are-250-more-likely-than-civilian-women-to-commit-suicide/
• VA/DoD Integrated Mental Health Strategy Strategic Action 28 Task Group. (2013). Summary Report of a Systematic Literature Review: Female Mental Health Needs and Military Sexual Trauma, Assault, and Harassment among Military Service Members and Veterans ofBoth Genders.
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Women in the MilitaryResource Page
https://militaryfamilieslearninnetwork.org/womeninthemilitary/
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Evaluation & Continuing Education
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This webinar has been approved for the following continuing education (CE) credits:
• 1.0 CE from the University of Texas at Austin, Steve Hicks School of Social Work
• 1.0 clock hours from the National Council on Family Relations for CFLE’s
• A certificate of completion
Go to the event page for evaluation and post-test link.
Evaluation Link
Questions?Email Anita [email protected]
Event Page:
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