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Where Did We Come From?
Where Did We Come From?
Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist
Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British paleoanthropologist
1. 4,000,000 BCE–1,000,000 BCE1. 4,000,000 BCE–1,000,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE-250,000 BCE2. 1,500,000 BCE-250,000 BCE
3. 250,000 BCE–30,000 BCE3. 250,000 BCE–30,000 BCE
4. 30,000 BCE-10,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age:(Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
Paleolithic Age:(Old Stone Age )
2,500,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE
“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age
2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE 2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
hunting (men) & gathering (women)
small bands of 20-30 humans
hunting (men) & gathering (women)
small bands of 20-30 humans NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
Made tools Made tools
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Australopithecines
Australopithecines
An Opposable Thumb An Opposable Thumb
HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )
HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” )
found in East Africa found in East Africa
created stone tools created stone tools
Humans during this period found shelter in caves
Humans during this period found shelter in caves Cave paintings left behind
Cave paintings left behind
Purpose??Purpose??
1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE1,6000,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
HOMO ERECTUS ( “Upright Human Being” )
Larger and more varied tools-->primitive technology
Larger and more varied tools-->primitive technology
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and Asia
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )
First to use fire ( 500,000 BCE )
BIPEDALISMBIPEDALISM
Are we all Africans “under the skin”?
Are we all Africans “under the skin”?
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being”
)
HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being”
)
Neanderthals(200,000 BCE–30,000 BCE)
Neanderthals(200,000 BCE–30,000 BCE)
Cro-Magnons(40,000 BCE– 10,000 BCE)
Cro-Magnons(40,000 BCE– 10,000 BCE)
NEANDERTHALS:NEANDERTHALS: Neander Valley,
Germany (1856) Neander Valley,
Germany (1856)
First humans to bury their dead
First humans to bury their dead
Made clothes from animal skins
Made clothes from animal skins
Lived in caves and tents
Lived in caves and tents
NEANDERTHALSNEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/TentEarly Hut/Tent
CRO-MAGNONs:CRO-MAGNONs:
Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
Homo sapiens sapiens ( “Wise, wise human” )
By 30,000 BCE replaced Neanderthals
WHY??? WHY???
70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE70,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age
“Neolithic” “New Stone” Age
10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
10,000 BCE – 4,000 BCE
Gradual shift from: Gradual shift from:
Nomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyleNomadic lifestyle settled, stationery lifestyleHunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animalsHunting/Gathering agricultural production and domestication of animals
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
8,000 BCE – 5,000 BCE
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world
Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world
SLASH-AND-BURN Farming SLASH-AND-BURN Farming
Middle East India Central America China SE Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Middle East India Central America China SE Asia
8,000 BCE 7,000 BCE 6,500 BCE 6,000 BCE 5,000 BCE
Development
of Agriculture
Development
of Agriculture
?
?
?
?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do you think the development of
agriculture occurred around the same time
in several different places?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Why do some archaeologists
believe that women were the first
farmers?
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations
Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations
More permanent, settled communities emerged
More permanent, settled communities emerged 9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at
JARMO ( northern Iraq ) wheat
9,000 BCE Earliest Agricultural Settlement at
JARMO ( northern Iraq ) wheat
8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük (Modern Turkey) 6,000 inhabitants
8,000 BCE Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük (Modern Turkey) 6,000 inhabitants
Division of labor
Division of labor
Engaged in trade Engaged in trade
Organized religion Organized religion
Small military
Small military
12 cultivated crops 12 cultivated crops
An obsidian dagger
Çatal HüyükÇatal Hüyük
What role did the food supply play in
shaping the nomadic life of hunter-
gatherers and the settled life of the
farmers?
What role did the food supply play in
shaping the nomadic life of hunter-
gatherers and the settled life of the
farmers?
AdvancedCities
SpecializedWorkers
ComplexInstitutions
Record-Keeping
AdvancedTechnology