Where next (with HDU)?

• Q-value

• mass.

• excitation energies.

• Angular distributions of recoils

• l-value

• spectroscopic information

Transfer reaction toolboxReaction Study Equipment

(d,p)(d,n)(d,t)

neutron particleproton particleneutron hole

silicon array (S-ORRUBA, SIDAR)neutron array (VANDLE)silicon array (S-ORRUBA, SIDAR)

(3He,d)(3He,n)(3He,t)

proton particle2-proton transfercharge-exchange

silicon array (S-ORRUBA, SIDAR)neutron array (VANDLE)silicon array (S-ORRUBA, SIDAR)+ gas jet or implanted targets

(9Be,8Be)(13C,12C)

neutron particlestates with higher l

charged particle (HI Ball) + γ detection (CLARION/GRETINA)

(t,p)(10Be,8Be)

2-neutron transfer tritium targetsilicon array (S-ORRUBA, SIDAR)

Where next …• Beyond 132Sn

– 134Sn, 136Te etc..– Proton states with (d,n).– 2-neutron transfer (t,p)? (10Be,8Be)?

• Beyond N=50– 84Ge, 86Se etc..

• New regions– 70Ni region.

• both neutron and proton single-particle states.

– batch mode beams of 44Ti, 56Ni, 59Fe.

data for several channels (elastic, inelastic…)

range of energies (low versus high)

more theory

What is needed for a successful nuclear reaction program? (the theorist’s wish)

Optical potentials are an essential input to calculations

should we not be working toward a CH89_ri and BG_ri?- nucleon elastic scattering of rare isotopes

at least (p,p) then theory for (n,n) (?)- heavy ion elastic scattering of rare isotopes

Other things that can help:elasticelastic breakupinelastic breakup(p,d)

reaction models need to incorporate the structure:should we be using standard radius and diffuseness?

by probing different energies we get a glimpse into different parts of the structure we are interested

by probing different energies we can test whether our simplified structure assumptions are correct

need accurate description of the reaction• better control over uncertainties in inputs• improved understanding of reaction dynamics• keeping contact with underlying many body structure

should we be using Hartree Fock densities, radii, etc for unstable nuclei? (often unable to even predict the correct bound state…)

134134Te(d,p)Te(d,p)135135TeTe

PRELIMINARYPRELIMINARY

~1 MeV (p1/2)

~1.8 MeV (f5/2 ?)

g.s. (f7/2)

~0.66 MeV (p3/2)

Q value (MeV)

Co

un

ts

Position-dependent gainsEnergy-dependent lengthsand high thresholds

Super ORRUBASuper ORRUBA

• 512 channel system ordered ~2008• 512 channel system implemented June 2010.• 2056 channel system implemented June 2011.

•Funding received Sept. 2009.•Detectors ordered Nov. 2009.•Design done by June 2010.•Prototype arrive Dec. 2010.•Full order June 2011.•Full array June 2012.

TIARA PerformanceTIARA Performance

Only core signals from EXOGAM clovers,

limiting Doppler correction to 65 keV

broadening

pp

TIARA PerformanceTIARA Performance

Only core signals from EXOGAM clovers,

limiting Doppler correction to 65 keV

broadening

pp

Measured quantitiesFlight time: Tflight=Tcyc

Position: zEnergy: Elab

Measured quantitiesFlight time: Tflight=Tcyc

Position: zEnergy: Elab

Principle of operation

Derived quantitiesPart. ID: m/qEnergy: Ecm

Angle: cm

Derived quantitiesPart. ID: m/qEnergy: Ecm

Angle: cm

/zqemVVmmE2

mV2zqe

2

1arccos

z2

qeVmVEE

T2

e

q

m

cm2cm

2lab

cmcm

cm2cm2

1labcm

flight

B

B

B

Β

Particle Tcyc (ns)p 34.2

3He2+ 51.4d, 68.5

t 102.7

B=2T

136Xe(d,p) online spectrum – B.Kay, Nov. 2009

Preliminary

(d,n) and -delayed neutrons with VANDLE

• Optimize efficiency for 60° to 180° for ejected neutrons.

• 150 keV > En > 15 MeV

• 1.5 meter flight-path for large bars cover central angles.

• Shorter path for small bars cover lower energy neutrons at back

angles.

• Intend to measure 25Al(d,n)• Astrophysically important 26Al possibly created by: 25Al (p,γ)→26Si(β+) →26Al

• rp-process waiting point nuclei• 56Ni(d,n)