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Whether there are established logistics routes available between Turkey and CIS.

Source: General Directorate of Highways, www.kgm.gov.tr

Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)*

On 25 June 1992,the Heads of State and Government of eleven countries: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,

Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine signed in Istanbul the Summit

Declaration and the Bosphorus Statement giving birth to the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). It is

becoming Europe's major transport and energy transfer corridor.

TRACECA Project Turkey is a partner of the TRACECA project, which is the renaissance of the Great Silk Road. The project

aims at improvements in trade and transport along the Europe - Caucasus - Asia Corridor. For more on

TRACECA, please visit the link below: http://www.traceca-org.org/default.php?l=en

* Source: www.bsec-organization.org

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For other international transportation projects and maps, please visit the link below http://www.kgm.gov.tr/Sayfalar/KGM/SiteEng/Root/Gdh/GdhInternationalProjects.aspx

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Major Port Authorities in Turkey

PORT AUTHORITY

THE AMOUNT OF FREIGHT HANDLING AS PER PORT AUTHORITY (2009- '000 TONS)

LOADING UNLOADING GRAND TOTAL EXPORTS CABOTAGE TRANSIT

TOTAL LOADING

IMPORTS CABOTAGE TRANSIT TOTAL

UNLOADING

BOTAŞ 3,543 970 57,510 62,022 9,873 6 115 9,994 72,016

İZMİT 8,860 4,843 18 13,722 32,465 2,369 71 34,905 48,627

ALİAĞA 7,140 3,036 0 10,177 20,331 1,535 0 21,866 32,042

AMBARLI 8,947 818 9 9,775 11,659 4,345 17 16,020 25,795

MERSİN 8,274 592 3 8,870 11,017 1,167 58 12,242 21,112

İSKENDERUN 4,035 1,189 0 5,224 11,824 1,057 4 12,885 18,109

İZMİR 7,038 42 8 7,088 3,164 217 0 3,380 10,468

SİLİVRİ 2,336 653 165 3,153 7,019 224 0 7,243 10,396

KARADENİZ EREĞLİSİ

1,485 719 0 2,205 7,193 949 0 8,143 10,348

GEMLİK 3,431 455 1 3,887 4,419 463 4 4,885 8,772

SAMSUN 1,112 142 0 1,254 4,933 502 3 5,438 6,692

KARABİGA 1,987 614 0 2,601 3,358 585 0 3,943 6,544

ANTALYA 4,011 1 0 4,012 1,011 1,004 0 2,015 6,027

İSTANBUL 650 579 6 1,236 1,675 1,859 1 3,535 4,771

ÇANAKKALE 2,283 1,244 0 3,527 437 95 0 531 4,058

TEKİRDAĞ 1,186 44 2 1,232 2,477 333 2 2,812 4,044

BANDIRMA 816 258 0 1,075 2,623 161 0 2,784 3,858

GÜLLÜK 3,055 69 3 3,126 47 0 0 47 3,174

TRABZON 527 175 4 706 1,477 397 3 1,877 2,583

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ÜNYE 549 447 0 996 290 170 0 461 1,457

MARMARA A. 873 576 2 1,450 0 1 0 1 1,451

ZONGULDAK 190 65 0 255 816 158 0 974 1,229

BARTIN 472 212 0 683 427 52 0 478 1,162

TUZLA 2 2 3 7 239 755 0 994 1,000

RİZE 275 0 0 275 4 468 0 472 747

HOPA 34 7 0 41 443 14 0 457 498

TAŞUCU 189 226 0 414 5 0 0 5 419

DİKİLİ 259 0 0 259 106 1 0 107 366

TİREBOLU 0 2 0 2 53 226 0 279 280

İNEBOLU 3 223 0 225 45 0 0 45 270

MUDANYA 112 0 0 112 124 21 0 145 257

FATSA 61 0 0 61 41 122 0 163 224

GİRESUN 0 10 0 10 181 6 0 187 197

GÖCEK 0 0 0 0 36 91 0 127 127

AMASRA 0 53 0 53 0 0 0 0 53

ORDU 13 0 0 13 32 0 0 32 45

GELİBOLU 6 0 0 6 5 28 0 33 39

SÜRMENE 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 34 34

YALOVA 0 30 0 30 0 0 0 0 30

ÇEŞME 2 0 0 2 0 27 0 27 29

ERDEK 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 22 22

MARMARİS 4 0 0 4 0 16 0 16 19

AYANCIK 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 13 13

AYVALIK 11 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 12

PAZAR 0 6 0 6 0 5 0 5 11

CİDE 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 5

VAKFIKEBİR 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 2

BODRUM 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

ŞİLE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

ALANYA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

İĞNEADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

BOZCAADA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 73,770 18,306 57,735 149,812 139,862 19,486 277 159,625 309,437

Source: Undersecretariat for Maritime Affairs

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As observed in the tables below, CIS countries have a significant share in total international overland

transport volume of Turkey.

International Overland Transports of Turkey

Destination Mode of Transport

2007 2008 2009

( x 1000 ) Number Tons USD Number Tons USD Number Tons USD

Europe Export 366 6,337 1,307,659 360 6,220 1,192,973 296 5,117 1,018,356

Import 281 5,545 1,052,262 266 5,259 909,118 216 4,272 795,326

Transit 41 816 385,808 38 753 363,329 46 918 384,066

Iran Export 17 312 61,590 14 255 46,864 19 346 69,207

Import 14 247 20,696 10 190 14,433 10 186 14,080

Iraq Export 256 4,687 712,799 261 4,775 1,051,111 362 6,620 1,366,597

Oil imports 29 428 34,271 45 669 44,631 21 313 20,856

Other Middle East&Gulf

Export 50 993 132,390 67 1,342 196,760 106 2,124 288,567

Import 7 147 11,241 9 182 13,944 11 213 16,331

CIS countries Export 124 2,428 812,554 158 3,105 1,032,291 147 2,881 966,365

Import 33 655 65,122 23 460 45,697 14 286 28,376

Total 1,217 22,595 4,596,392 1,251 23,211 4,911,152 1,248 23,274 4,968,127

Source: Roder, www.roder.org.tr

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Black Sea lines have a significant share in the total Ro-Ro transportation of Turkey.

Ro-Ro Lines Transported Vehicles (2002- 2008)

RO-RO LINES 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

MA

RM

AR

A

PENDIK/ HAYDARPASA-

TRIESTE 92,297 107,135 112,602 107,640 119,088 160,203 149,062 111,401

AMBARLI - TRIESTE 31,751 32,591 37,888 33,333 38,954 41,085 39,998 30,372

TOTAL REGIONS 124,048 139,726 150,490 140,973 158,042 201,288 189,060 141,773

Me

dit

err

ane

an

TASUCU-GIRNE 22,049 13,404 33,241 38,768 35,560 33,393 32,305 31,032

MERSIN-MAGUSA 6,440 9,354 13,112 15,985 13,488 12,938 23,766 19,966

MERSIN-TRIESTE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,019

TOTAL REGIONS 28,489 22,758 46,353 54,753 49,048 46,331 56,071 63,017

AEG

EA

CESME - TRIESTE 20,073 27,559 28,280 29,591 30,889 36,717 30,039 24,808

TOTAL REGIONS 20,073 27,559 28,280 29,591 30,889 36,717 30,039 24,808

BLA

CK

SEA

ZONGULDAK-UKRAINE 8,977 8,739 9,153 15,629 19,147 27,099 23,632 20,476

SAMSUN-NOVOROSSISKY 13,008 14,582 21,090 26,781 27,120 29,598 21,148 9,280

TRABZON-SOCHI 3,641 1,609 3,512 3,403 6,574 7,180 10,150 7,066

RIZE-POTI 1,780 5,372 5,032 3,648 742 0 0 0

TOTAL REGIONS 27,406 30,302 38,787 49,461 53,583 63,877 54,930 36,822

GRAND TOTAL (vehicle) 200,016 220,345 263,910 274,778 291,562 348,213 330,100 266,420

Source: Undersecretariat for Maritime Affairs

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International pipelines between Turkey and CIS countries can be observed in the map below.

International Pipelines

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Main international logistics companies in Turkey are:

HOROZ LOJISTIK KARGO http://www.horoz.com.tr/eng/index.asp

BORUSAN LOJISTIK http://www.borusanlojistik.com.tr/BLEn/

BARSAN GLOBAL LOJISTIK http://www.barsan.com/index.php?id=22&L=1

OMSAN LOJISTIK http://www.omsan.com.tr/en/index2.php

REYSAS LOGISTICS http://www.reysas.com/english/index.php

EKOL LOGISTICS http://www.ekol.com/en/index.html

BALNAK LOGISTICS http://www.balnak.com.tr/En/default.aspx

MARS LOGISTICS http://www.marslogistics.com/EN

GOK-BORA ULUSLARARASI NAKLIYAT http://www.gokbora.com/EN

UNSPED GLOBAL LOGISTICS http://www.unsped.com.tr

SERTRANS LOGISTICS http://www.sertrans.com.tr/en/index.html

ULUSTRANS http://www.ulustrans.com/?id=1&en

TURKER GROUP http://www.turkergroup.com/EN/INDEX/default.asp

DHL http://www.dhl.com.tr/publish/tr/en.high.html

CEVA http://www.cevalogistics.com/en/Pages/WorldwideDirectory.aspx

Rough cost estimate for a construction fee for about a 3000 m2 one- storied office/warehouse building in size. Average Unit Construction Costs in Turkey† Warehouses: 127 TRY/m2

Single-floor offices: 276 TRY/m2

Commercial offices (up to 3 floors, without elevator and without central heating): 448 TRY/m2

Commercial offices (with central heating or with elevator): 511 TRY/m2

Commercial offices (with central heating and with elevator): 577 TRY/m2

† Source: The Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, USD 1 = TRY 1.4984 as of Aug.18, 2010

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Average wages for employees -General Warehouse Staff

-Warehouse Manager（（（（*English ability is a requirement for Manager) -General Office Staff

-Office Staff - Manager Class（（（（*English ability is a requirement for Manager)

Average wages according to various HR consultancy companies are given below‡. Salaries vary with

respect to experience and qualifications of the employee.

Adecco: Monthly Net Salaries§

General Warehouse Staff: 599-1000 TRY

Warehouse Manager (*English ability is a requirement for Manager): 2000-2500 TRY

General Office Staff: 600-700 TRY

Office Staff - Manager Class (*English ability is a requirement for Manager): 1750-2200 TRY

The Newhuman Human Resources: Monthly Net Salaries**

Warehouse Staff (Blue-collar): 600 – 1,100 TRY

Warehouse Manager: 2,000 – 2,500 TRY

Logistics Manager: 4,000 – 5,000 TRY

Office Staff: 800 – 1,200 TRY

Office Manager: 1,500 – 3,000 TRY

Manpower: Monthly Net Salaries††

General Warehouse Staff: 599-1000 TRY

Warehouse Manager (*English ability is a requirement for Manager): 2500-3000 TRY

General Office Staff: 1500 TRY

Office Staff - Manager Class (*English ability is a requirement for Manager): 2000-3000 TRY

Poyraz Consulting: Monthly Gross Salaries‡‡

Logistics Manager: 6,283 TRY

Logistics Specialist: 2,928 TRY

Import/Export Clerk: 2,329 TRY

Warehouse Supervisor: 2,796 TRY

Warehouse Clerk: 1,362 TRY

Store Porter: 1,358 TRY

Personnel and Admin. Supervisor: 2,900 TRY

Secretary: 1,776 TRY

‡ USD 1 = TRY 1.4984 as of Aug.18, 2010

§ Source: Adecco, www.adecco.com.tr

** Source: The Newhuman Human Resources, www.thenewhuman.co.uk

†† Source: Manpower, www.manpower.com.tr

‡‡ Source: Poyraz Consulting, www.poyrazdanismanlik.com.tr