Which characteristicbest identifies a pure substance?A. shapeB. textureC. melting pointD. state of matter

Science Starter Monday October 13,

2014

Light

Rainbow• The white light

is broken up into many colors.

• La luz blanca se divide en muchos colores

Spectrum of Color

• When you look at a light, it appears to be white.

• Light is made up of many colors. These colors can be seen when light is broken up.

• Cuando usted mira a una luz , que parece ser de color blanco

• La luz está compuesta de muchos colores . Estos colores se pueden ver cuando la luz se rompe .

Spectrum of Color

• There are seven colors of light in a spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, and violet.

• These colors are always seen in the same order.

• Hay siete colores de la luz en un espectro : rojo, naranja , amarillo , verde , azul , púrpura y violeta.

• Estos colores son vistos siempre en el mismo orden .

ROY G BIV

Absorbed LightAbsorbed – light energy hitting the surface is

converted to heat energy

Objects that absorb light are opaque

Los objetos queabsorber la luzson opacas

  Objects that absorb all visible light get hotter than those that absorb only some

Los objetos que absorben toda la luz visible se calientan más que los que absorbe sólo algunos

Black objects get hotter than white objectsLos objetos negros se calientan más que los objetos blancos

Note Read Through

You have to read what you write.

Notes Read Through

• Go back to the section on Waves…

• Read through your notes.

• Write a question you might see on an exam.

• Provide the answer to that question.

• Volver a la sección sobre las Olas ...

• Leer a través de sus notas .

• Escribe una pregunta que puede ver en un examen.

• Proporcionar la respuesta a esa pregunta .

Light and the Eye

New heading and title on table of contents.

Light, Lens, Action!!

• From the moment you wake up in the morning to the time you go to sleep at night, your eyes are acting like a video camera.

.

• Desde el momento en que te levantas por la mañana a la hora de irse a dormir por la noche, sus ojos están actuando como una cámara de vídeo.

Light, Lens, Action!!

• Everything you look at is then sent to your brain for processing and storage much like a computer.

.

• Todo lo que busca en entonces se envía al cerebro para su procesamiento y almacenamiento similar a una computadora

How the eye works.

• Take a moment to locate an object around you.

• Do you know how you are able to see it?

• Tómese un momento para localizar un objeto que te rodea.

• ¿Sabes cómo eres capaz de verlo?

How the eye works.

• Would you believe that what you are actually seeing are beams of light bouncing off of the object and into your eyes?

• It is hard to believe, but it is true.

• ¿Creería usted que lo que en realidad se está viendo son haces de luz que rebota del objeto y en sus ojos?

• Es difícil de creer, pero es cierto.

How the eye works.

• The light rays enter the eye through the cornea, which is a thick, transparent protective layer on the surface of your eye.

• Los rayos de luz entran en el ojo a través de la córnea, que es una capa protectora de espesor,

transparente sobre

la superficie del ojo.

How the eye works.

• Then the light rays pass through the pupil (the dark circle in the center of your eye) and into the lens.

• Entonces los rayos de luz pasan a través de la pupila (el círculo oscuro en el centro del ojo) y en el lente.

How the eye works.

• Your lens in your eyes change size all the time.

• When you look at objects real close up, the lens gets thicker.

• Su lente en sus ojos cambian de tamaño todo el tiempo.

• Cuando nos fijamos en los objetos reales de cerca, la lente se vuelve más grueso.

How the eye works.

• If you look at objects far away, it gets thinner.

• It does this to help you focus the correct image on the retina.

• Si nos fijamos en los objetos lejanos, que se hace más delgado.

• Lo hace para ayudarlo a enfocar la imagen correcta sobre la retina.

How the eye works.

• After light passes through the lens it shines through the vitreous humor to the back of the eye where it hits the retina.

• Después de la luz pasa a través de la lente que brilla a través del humor vítreo a la parte posterior del ojo en el que llega a la retina.

How the eye works.

• The retina takes the light and changes it into nerve impulse so the brain can understand what the eye sees. It sends the message to the brain by way of the optic nerve.

• La retina tiene la luz y la convierte en impulsos nerviosos que el cerebro pueda entender lo que el ojo ve. Se envía el mensaje al cerebro por medio del nervio óptico

Rods and Cones

• Rods and cones are special cells that process light.

• Rods and cones are extremely small. In fact, there are about 120 million rods and 7 million cones in each eye!

• Los conos y bastones son células especiales que procesan la luz. Los conos y bastones son extremadamente pequeñas. De hecho, hay cerca de 120 millones de bastones y 7 millones de conos en cada ojo!

Rods and Cones

Rods help us see black and white and shades of grey.

Cones help us see color. You have three kinds of cones are - red, green, and blue. These cones work together to help us see millions of colors.

• Varillas nos ayudan a ver tonos blanco y negro y de gris. Los conos nos ayudan a ver el color. Usted tiene tres tipos de conos son - rojo, verde y azul. Estos conos trabajan juntos para ayudarnos a ver millones de colores.

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/22F0D50F-CBA7-4F4B-9D4E-D56DDE186B55

Video Presentation

Watch one time through and then second time

complete activity.

Write a true sentence about

light and the eye.

Science Starter

Tuesday, October 14, 2014

Facts

Sound …1. Is a form of

energy produced & transmitted by vibrating matter

2. Travels in waves

3. Travels more quickly through solids than liquids or gases

• Sonido ...• 1. ¿Es una forma de

energía producida y transmitida por la vibración de la materia

• 2. viaja en ondas• 3. viajan más rápido

a través de los sólidos que líquidos o gases

Sound and the ear

• Sound is carried to our ears through vibrating air molecules.

• Our ears take in sound waves & turn them into signals that go to our brains.

• El sonido se lleva a nuestros oídos a través de las moléculas de aire que vibran .

• Nuestros oídos reciben las ondas sonoras y las convierten en señales que van al cerebro

Sound and the ear.

• Sound waves move through 3 parts of the ear; outer ear, middle ear, & inner ear.

• Las ondas sonoras se mueven a través de 3 partes del oído ; oído externo , el oído medio , y oído interno

Sound and the ear.

Sound and the ear.

Sound waves are sent.The outer ear “catches the sound waves”.

• Las ondas sonoras se envían .

• El oído externo " capta las ondas sonoras " .

Sound and the ear.

• The middle ear takes the sound waves and “vibrates” the eardrum.

• The inner ear sends the messages to the brain.

• El oído medio se las ondas sonoras y " vibra " el tímpano .

• El oído interno envía los mensajes al cerebro .

Sound and the ear.

• The brain puts it together and hooray!

• You hear your favorite song on the radio.

• El cerebro lo integra y hurra !

• Se oye su canción favorita en la radio .

Sound and the ear.

Sound travels in waves.

Sound must travel through matter to be heard.

• El sonido viaja en ondas.

• Sonido debe viajar a través de la materia para ser escuchado .

Sound and the ear.

Remember: Matter can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

A sound is made when things vibrate.

Sound travels by sending vibrations through matter.

• Recuerde : La materia puede ser un sólido , un líquido o un gas .

• Un sonido se produce cuando las cosas vibran .

• El sonido viaja enviando vibraciones a través de la materia .

Sound traveling through matter

Gases•Most of the sounds we hear travel through gases, such as air. •Sound waves travel slowly through the air•For example: Sound from a bell, a horn, or an alarm clock travels through the air.

Gases•La mayoría de los sonidos que escuchamos viajan a través de gases, como el aire.•Las ondas sonoras viajan lentamente a través del aire•Por ejemplo : El sonido de una campana , una bocina o un despertador viaja a través del aire.

Sound traveling through matter.

Liquids•Some sounds that we hear travel through water.

•Sound waves travel a faster through water than through the air.

•Sonar is the way to use sounds to locate objects under water.

•What animals use sonar?

Líquidos•Algunos sonidos que escuchamos los viajes a través del agua •Las ondas sonoras viajan más rápido a través del agua que a través del aire .•Sonar es la manera de utilizar los sonidos para localizar objetos bajo el agua .•¿Qué animales usan el sonar ?

Sound traveling through matter.

SolidsSome sounds that we hear travel through solids.Sound waves travel very fast through solids.For example: When you hit a drum, it vibrates, then the sound travels through the air, to your ears.

Sólidos•Algunos sonidos que escuchamos a través de sólidos .•Las ondas sonoras viajan muy rápido a través de sólidos .•Por ejemplo : Cuando se golpea un tambor , que vibra , el sonido viaja por el aire , a sus oídos .

Sound and the ear.

For sound to be heard, sound vibrations must have air or some other kind of matter to travel through.

o Para obtener un sonido a ser oído, las vibraciones de sonido deben gozar del aire o algún otro tipo de materia que viajar a través .

Sound and the ear.

Volume is the loudness or the softness of a sound.

Loud sounds use a lot of energy.

Soft sounds use a little energy.

• El volumen es el volumen o la suavidad de un sonido.

• Los sonidos fuertes utilizan una gran cantidad de energía .

• Sonidos suaves usan un poco de energía

Sound and the ear.

Pitch is the highest or lowest sound an object makes.

Objects that vibrate slowly, make a low pitch. Example-drum.

Objects that vibrate quickly, make a higher pitch. Example-recorder

• El tono es más alto o más bajo de sonido de un objeto hace .

• Objetos que vibran lentamente , hacen un tono bajo . Ejemplo - tambor.

• Objetos que vibran rápidamente , hacen un tono más alto . Ejemplo - grabador

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/4D1C744C-1BAB-4AF9-952A-86F8507609AAWatch video first time through and second

time complete activity.

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/39F6C58F-133C-4258-85A2-7257B405294ABionics….

Electromagnetic Waves &Electromagnetic Waves &the Electromagnetic the Electromagnetic

SpectrumSpectrum

Electromagnetic WavesElectromagnetic Waves• Transverse waves without a

medium! • (They can travel through empty

space)

• They travel as vibrations in electrical and magnetic fields.– Have some magnetic and some

electrical properties to them.

When an electric field changes, so does the magnetic field. The changing magnetic field causes the electric field to change. When one field vibrates—so does the other.

RESULT-An electromagnetic wave.

Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000 kilometres per second (the

speed of light).

At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second.

Waves or Particles?• Electromagnetic radiation has properties of

waves but also can be thought of as a stream of particles.

– Example: Light• Light as a wave: Light behaves as a

transverse wave which we can filter using polarized lenses.

• Light as particles (photons): When directed at a substance light can knock electrons off of a substance (Photoelectric effect)

Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequencyRADIO WAVES

MICROWAVES

INFRARED RAYS

VISIBLE LIGHT

ULTRAVIOLET RAYS

X-RAYS

GAMMA RAYS

Notice the wavelength is long (Radio waves) and gets shorter (Gamma

Rays)

RADIO WAVESRADIO WAVES

Have the longest

wavelengths and lowest

frequencies of all the

electromagnetic waves.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) measure the time it takes a radio wave to travel from

several satellites to the receiver, determining the distance to each satellite.

A radio picks up radio waves through an antenna and converts it to sound waves.– Each radio station in an area broadcasts

at a different frequency. • # on radio dial tells frequency.

MRI (MAGNETIC RESONACE IMAGING) Uses Short wave radio waves with a

magnet to create an image.

2 facts about the

electromagnetic spectrumScience Starter

Thursday October 16, 2014

MICROWAVESMICROWAVES

Have the shortest

wavelengths and the highest

frequency of the radio waves.

Used in microwave ovens.•Waves transfer

energy to the water in the food causing them to vibrate which in turn transfers energy in the form of heat to the food.

RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging)• Used to find the

speed of an object by sending out radio waves and measuring the time it takes them to return.

INFRARED RAYSINFRARED RAYS

Infrared= below redShorter

wavelength and higher frequency

than microwaves.

You can feel the longest

ones as warmth on your skin

Warm objects give off more

heat energy than cool objects.

Thermogram—a picture that shows regions of different temperatures in the body. Temperatures are calculated by the amount of infrared radiation given

off. Therefore people give

off infrared rays.

Heat lamps give off infrared waves.

VISIBLE LIGHTVISIBLE LIGHTShorter wavelength and

higher frequency than infrared rays.

Electromagnetic waves we can see.

Longest wavelength= red light

Shortest wavelength= violet

(purple) light

When light enters a new

medium it bends (refracts). Each

wavelength bends a different amount allowing

white light to separate into it’s

various colors ROYGBIV.

ULTRAVIOLET RAYSULTRAVIOLET RAYS

Shorter wavelength and higher

frequency than visible light

Carry more energy than visible light

Used to kill bacteria.

(Sterilization of

equipment)

Too much can cause skin cancer.Use sun block to protect against

(UV rays)

Causes your skin to

produce vitamin D (good for teeth and

bones)

X- RAYSX- RAYSShorter

wavelength and higher

frequency than UV-rays

Carry a great amount of

energyCan penetrate

most matter.

Bones and teeth absorb x-rays. (The light part of an x-ray image indicates a place

where the x-ray was absorbed)

Too much exposure can

cause cancer (lead vest at

dentist protects organs from unnecessary

exposure)

Used by engineers to check for tiny cracks in structures.– The rays pass

through the cracks and the cracks appear dark on film.

GAMMA RAYSGAMMA RAYS

Shorter wavelength and higher

frequency than X-rays

Carry the greatest amount of energy and penetrate the

most.

Used in radiation treatment to kill cancer cells.

Can be very harmful if not used correctly.

The Incredible Hulk was the

victim of gamma

radiation.

Exploding nuclear

weapons emit

gamma rays.

Brief SUMMARYA. All electromagnetic waves travel at the

same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum.

B. They all have different wavelengths and different frequencies.– Long wavelength-lowest frequency– Short wavelength highest frequency– The higher the frequency the higher the

energy.

Light and the eye

Optical Illusions.

Optical Illusions

The process of seeing begins with the presence of light, an image being formed on the retina, and an impulse

transmitted to the brain, but there are many other factors

that play a part in how we perceive visually. Our

perceptions are influenced by our past experiences,

imagination, and associations.

• El proceso de la visión comienza con la presencia de la luz, una imagen que se forma en la retina, y un impulso transmitido al cerebro, pero hay muchos otros factores que desempeñan un papel en la forma en que percibimos visualmente. Nuestras percepciones están influenciadas por nuestras experiencias pasadas, la imaginación, y las asociaciones.

You probably read the word ME in brown, but....... when you look through ME

you will see YOU!

The "illusion" is that this is just a picture of coffee beans; but it is not. Can you find a man's face among the beans? Some say that if you find the man in 3 seconds or less, the right half of your brain may be more well developed than

most. PS: This is not a trick. A man's face is really hidden among the beans.

The following pictures are NOT animated.

Can you count the black dots?

ContrastThis grid, known as Hermann's Grid, is an example of how contrast affects color perception. The area at the corners of the black boxes appear gray. This happens

because of something called lateral inhibition. In the retina when some light-receiving cells are activated others around them shut down.

How many legs does this elephant have?

Man playing a horn?Or woman's face?

A skull? Or a woman looking into a vanity mirror?

One face? Or two profiles facing each other?

Do you see one man in this picture...or several people?

If you look very carefully, you'll find 9 different faces in the picture; the 9th belongs to a dog.

Which of the figures in the picture do you think

would measure the tallest with a ruler?

What do see? A face, or the word liar?

Lift or just black splotches? Girls usually see it better than boys.

Is this woman old...or young?

How many human faces can you find in this picture?

Two elderly faces, or a larger scene?

Faces or places?

Where does the puzzle begin and end?

Exam Wednesday, October 22,

2014Write in Science Starter

for today..

Exam Wednesday, October 22,

2014Time to prepare…..

Study Booklets

Create a study booklet to help you study for

your exam next Wednesday

Study Booklets

• Atoms & Matter– States of Matter– Physical Properties– Characteristic Properties

• Waves– Mechanical Waves– Vibration, Sound, the ear– Transverse Waves– Longitudinal Waves

• Light

• Light– Light waves– The eye– Electromagnetic

spectrum

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_s1cmOjvAQ

eye