white paper printed electronics 2020 final€¦ · Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID found...

CONNECTED PRINT

February 2020 _ Fons Put

WHITE PAPER

VIGC © 2020 - This document is confidential and may not be distributed without the prior consent of VIGC.

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A guide for smart print products.

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VIGC contact for this white paper

_ Name

Fons Put

_ Function

Senior Innovation Consultant

_ Phone

+32 (0)14 40 39 93

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+32 (0)495 23 21 34

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[email protected]

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www.vigc.be

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Content

THE POWER OF PRINT…AND INTERNET

CODES ARE POPULAR

FROM BARCODE TO QR-CODE COMMERCIAL CODES DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING AUGMENTED REALITY SHAZAM

RADIO COMMUNICATION

PRINCIPLE RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) RFID IN LOGISTICS & RETAIL SUSTAINABILITY NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC) BRAND VALUE NFC ADOPTION CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR. LOWER TAG PRICES.

TOUCH SCREEN COMMUNICATION

APPLICATION EXAMPLES

VEEEW DECATHLON PATIT KRAFT HEINZ - FIND THE KRAFT GOLDEN SINGLES’ REWARD SCRATCH GAME

REFERENCES

VIGC STRATEGIC PARTNERS

mailto:[email protected]

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The power of print…and Internet

Printed products have proven a great way to communicate. Capturing, storing, editing,

retouching, printing, copying of text and high-quality images are the fundaments of a

multi-billion-dollar industry. The internet has exploited graphic communication further

with increasing network bandwidths and image compression algorithms to transmit

and store digital content and images. Technologies to connect printed content to

digital services benefit from both worlds. Consumers carrying smartphones are online.

In this set-up connected print acts as an initiator for new business opportunities. A

business that is run by fast algorithms, capable of handling complex processes and

quick responses to market changes. Slow adaptation of the printing industry, as

experienced in the past (read the story of Craigslist: https://medium.com/the-business-

of-content/how-newspapers-could-have-stopped-craigslist-9ed610b4ec4c )is not an

option anymore.

Connected print products have been around for a long time. A printed barcode is

present on all packaging types and shows great value in logistics and checkout. But

there is more. Barcodes have developed from simple linear patterns into 2D-codes

(QR) and commercial derivatives. Tags are embedded in labels to communicate with

networks by radio waves (RFID and NFC). Even the touchscreen of a smartphone is

now subject to initiate internet business, starting from a printed product. This white

paper aims to be a guide in the basic technical elements of these technologies.

Illustrated with diagrams and application examples we hope to give you a clear view

on the different methods to enjoy the power of print…and internet.

Fig. Different types of ‘connected print’ products: barcode, QR-code, Shazam code,

RFID-tag, NFC-tag and Touchscreen compatible tag.

mailto:[email protected]://medium.com/the-business-of-content/how-newspapers-could-have-stopped-craigslist-9ed610b4ec4chttps://medium.com/the-business-of-content/how-newspapers-could-have-stopped-craigslist-9ed610b4ec4c

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Codes are popular

From barcode to QR-code

A familiar system of connecting print to digital services are barcodes. Barcodes on

consumer goods (GS1 barcodes) have proven their value with six billion scans every

day. The newer QR (quick response) code can contain more data (up to 4296

characters) and can be scanned today by smartphones camera’s, without the need to

install an app. The QR-code can contain website URL's, plain text, phone numbers,

email addresses or other alphanumeric data. The technical specifications for a QR

Code are set down in the ISO-18004 standard.

Fig. The basic elements of a QR-code as described in ISO-18004.

Fig. The simple principle of a QR-code: characters are transformed into printable

blocks that can be detected by a smartphone camera.


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In 2017, Apple introduced intelligent support for QR Codes —simply point the camera

at one, and iOS will interpret the link to provide a button to open a website, or even to

configure something such as the password for local WIFI network.

The concept of unique QR-codes is an interesting development. A general QR-code,

as printed on high volume print products, can be a gateway to the company website

but is not that attractive for consumers. Using unique QR-codes results in higher

response rates.

Fig. The leaflet is printed in offset, the QR-code is digitally printed afterwards. Each

code is different and subject of a secure environment (produced by Tomboka,

https://tomboka.eu/)

Commercial codes

QR-Codes can store large amounts of alphanumeric information. However, if the

purpose is to communicate a small user ID then a limited amount of data blocks is

necessary. Internet giants as Snapchat and Facebook have created their own

designed codes that works together with the corresponding app. You can create your

own set of rules to represent data as long as you can create a scanning app that can

decode your custom Code.

Fig. Extensions of the QR-code: by defining your own set of generation & detection

rules, you can create custom codes

mailto:[email protected]://tomboka.eu/

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Digital Image watermarking

In digital image watermarking binary data is hidden inside an image. Digimarc

(https://www.digimarc.com/) was one of the first to exploit digital watermarking.

Fig. The start of digital watermarking: by changing image content, according to a

specific key, data can be embedded in the image. Disadvantage of this approach is

the sensitivity to visibility concerns.

A digital image can be represented in two ways: by pixel values and present patterns.

The representation by pattern form the basics of JPEG-encoding: image blocks of 8X8

pixels are numbered as patterns, a very smart way of lowering the memory size. You

could compare it as an acoustic signal where information is hidden in specific

frequencies: the presence of a frequency could be a ‘1’, the absence a ‘0’.

Fig. (almost) invisible watermarking by pattern image representation. A specific

pattern (watermark) is added to each image block.

mailto:[email protected]://www.digimarc.com/

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Digital image watermarking has good forecasts: currently it is a candidate to improve

recycling. The watermark image is printed with transparent ink on the packaging

material (PET-bottle) and acts as a detector in automatic sorting installations (

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_l

ogo).

Augmented reality

Next level are Augmented Reality (AR) applications. In 2016 Pokémon Go was a

major AR breakthrough: Real world camera images were merged with virtual

(computer-generated) objects. In print, AR is used to add interactive elements: the

smartphone camera is pointed to the printed product with AR-content and a cloud

service adds virtual elements to the scene.

In AR-application the term ‘image segmentation’ pops up. Software tries to detect

objects of an image stream (smartphone camera) and use this information to add

interactive elements.

Fig. The concept of augmented reality in its simplest form. The smartphone’s App

analyses the video stream looking for ‘familiar’ labels. If found, content is added to the

image stream to generate the online experience.

Fig. Augmented reality on a beer label to support market introduction.

mailto:[email protected]://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_logohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_logo

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One of the challenges of using augmented reality in print applications is to convince

the consumer to use to download & install the AR app. To overcome this QR-codes

and commercial codes are used as a gateway to multi-media content.

Fig. A zapcode is a successful method to convince consumers to unlock the multi-

media content. The Icon of a zapcode (https://zap.works/) lets the user know there's

AR content available. Surrounding the zapcode (bolt) is a special arrangement of bars

called "bits". These tell the app which piece of AR content to download and augment

on the image.

Shazam

Shazam is one of the oldest apps in the store with now 478 million active users

(2020). It started as a music identifying service but has evolved into a visual

recognition platform for marketers and brands. With the help of Zappar (see above)

Shazam succeeded in making the process of scanning codes to start augmented

reality popular. This resulted in several collaboration campaigns with big brands:

• Netflix:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=11&v=mjk4rAWhdOg&feature

=emb_logo

• Bombay Sapphire:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcoPlvhi_LI&feature=emb_logo

• Fanta: https://youtu.be/FaNtoxc-_Ww

mailto:[email protected]://zap.works/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=11&v=mjk4rAWhdOg&feature=emb_logohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=11&v=mjk4rAWhdOg&feature=emb_logohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcoPlvhi_LI&feature=emb_logohttps://youtu.be/FaNtoxc-_Ww

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Fig. The Shazam code symbol to unlock multi-media content.

Fig. The increasing success of scanning Shazam codes on advertisement and

packaging shows excellent turnover figures.

The popularity of the familiar Shazam code symbol, together with the large install base

of the Shazam app made the company very attractive: In 2018 Apple bought Shazam

for $400 million.

Radio Communication Printed Barcodes, QR-codes and commercial codes are successful methods to

connect print to networks. The smartphone camera bridges print to Internet

applications. Radio Communication can also be used to establish print to networks

communication.


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Principle

In digital image watermarking we learned how to hide data in a digital image. In radio

communication the data is added to radio signals. Our visual system is capable to

capture and interpreted the electromagnetic waves of visible light. Radio signals uses

similar electromagnetic waves, but at longer wavelengths. We have no system to

detect these waves directly but make use of antenna structures to capture and

translate radio waves into communication data (sound or computer data).

Fig. We have a built-in system to detect visible light waves. Radio waves can be

detected by a separate device: the antenna.

As we have different types of visible light waves (red-orange-green–yellow-indigo-

violet), we have a similar distinction in radio waves. A long wave is used to transfer

signals over a long distance, shorter waves are used for data transfer over shorter

distances (ex. Bluetooth).

frequency application

100Hz Submarine communication (military)

120–150 kHz Animal identification

13.56 MHz NFC

865-868 MHz RFID (retail)

2.45 GHz Bluetooth

Table. Governments have regulated specific frequencies (wavelengths) with

applications.

Interesting to know is that the size of the antenna is related with the communication

wavelength: For submarine communication at long wavelengths the antenna can be

kilometres long. A RFID-tag for use in retail operates at a short wavelength the

antenna will be a few centimetres long.


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Fig. Antennas for low frequencies (left, Eccel Technology) and high frequency (right,

https://www.murata.com/). The higher the frequency the smaller the antenna design).

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

RFID found its roots in military development. Radio stations broadcast radio signals

that detected in households and processed to an audio-format. The new idea was not

only to transmitted radio signals into the world, but to stop and listen to reflected or

retransmitted radio waves (a sort of radio/radar combination). The concepts fit

perfectly for identifying objects:

• Step 1: The RFID interrogator transmits radio waves (You ask ‘is anybody

there?’)

• Step 2: The RFID interrogator then waits and listen.

• Step 3: The RFID transponder that is in range receives the incoming radio

wave and processes the signal (in its simple form it can be an amplitude or

phase change of the radio wave).

• Step 4: The RFID transponder reflects or retransmit the (modified) radio wave

(The transponder object replies ‘Yes, I’m here!)

• Step 5: The RFID interrogator receives the retransmitted wave and initiate

action(s) (You can start inventorying).

mailto:[email protected]://www.murata.com/)

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Fig. Simple but powerful communication by RFID. First application was to add RFID

transponders to military airplanes (1948). This made it possible to identify approaching

airplanes (Friend or Foe?).

Fig. RFID interrogators in the form of exit gates or handheld devices

(https://www.nedap-retail.com/)

mailto:[email protected]://www.nedap-retail.com/

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Fig. A sample of the RFID transponders portfolio of Avery Dennison

(https://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RF

ID-Solutions-portfolio.pdf)

RFID can provide in a simple communication protocol as ‘Yes, I’m Here!’ and as such

be useful as an anti-theft system in a retail store. The RFID interrogator is built in in

the exit gate and the items contain a cheap (chip less) RFID antenna tag that just

reflects the interrogating wave. In order to build a performant identification system, a

better answer would be: ‘Yes, I’m here and I am item 056461436!’. To achieve this

goal specific chips are designed that are capable to store an amount of data, decode it

as a radio waves and transmit these through the antenna. The combination of an

antenna connected to a chip that can hold data to embed in the returning radio waves

is called an ‘inlay’.

Fig. the components of an RFID inlay. The semiconductor IC (chip) holds data that

can be extracted by the interrogator.

mailto:[email protected]://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RFID-Solutions-portfolio.pdfhttps://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RFID-Solutions-portfolio.pdf

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Fig. Handling digital data by RFID.

It may be clear that the shorter the wavelengths patterns, the more data can be

encoded and transmitted! In the nineties Mikron (later a part of Philips, now NXP)

launched the legendary MIFARE, operating at 13.56 MHz. Today MIFARE

(https://www.mifare.net/en/), along with many of its variants, serve as the basis of NFC

and payment cards.

Energy is an important element in RFID technology. In long distance application, the

transponder needs a power source to be able to resend the signal over a longer

distance. Short distance information exchange demand much less energy, resulting in

passive (no power source needed) applications as present in logistics and retail (90%

of all RFID applications). But without any energy nothing can work! A solution is found

by inductive (magnetic) coupling: If the distance is within a 1m-range, the transponder

can harvest enough energy out of the transmitted radio wave to generate the

modulate wave signal with data. You can look at it as an induction heating plate in the

kitchen: the cooking pot receives enough energy from the transmitter to boil water!

mailto:[email protected]://www.mifare.net/en/

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RFID in logistics & retail

Adding RFID-transponders to labels and attach them to products has gained

popularity as prices dropped. Emerging global standards, such as the electronic

product code (EPC) to unique identity products, encouraged major companies in retail

to become RFID compliant on all their shipments & logistics. In 2014 major players as

Smartrac, Google and Intel joined forces to establish the RAIN alliance to further boost

the global adoption of RFID technology. Decathlon, the French sports-gear retailer

with 1,500 stores, started using RFID-tags since 2013, ending with now almost a

complete RFID-tagged store. Each RFID item is assigned an individual Electronic

Product Code (EPC) number to match the unique product Stock keeping unit (SKU).

This has opened the door for more control over inventory.

Fig. Don’t be mistaken: RAIN RFID is a short distance technology; it is not possible to

generate a stock inventory with the push of a button. Decathlon found a creative

solution by using a slowly moving scanning robot between the store shelves.

Fig. Low RFID-tag prices drive more and more applications (

https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/rfid-tag-price.html)

mailto:[email protected]://www.alibaba.com/showroom/rfid-tag-price.html

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Fig. RFID-tag labels, as present in Decathlon clothing.

Sustainability

A returning question is how RFID-labelled products fit in the circular economy concept.

Research shows minimal effect in the paper recycling chain (Recyclability of RFID

printed antennas, presentation of Diana Gregor-Svetec at the VIGC high-tech printing

event in 2016). StoraEnso, a paper manufacturer has entered the RFID-market with

recyclable RFID labels.

Fig. sustainable RFID Tag Technology by StoraEnso

(https://www.storaenso.com/en/products/intelligent-packaging/eco-rfid-tag-

technology).

mailto:[email protected]://www.storaenso.com/en/products/intelligent-packaging/eco-rfid-tag-technologyhttps://www.storaenso.com/en/products/intelligent-packaging/eco-rfid-tag-technology

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Near Field Communication (NFC)

NFC is a subset of RFID, characterized by:

• limited to close-proximity communication, typically up to 10 centimetres.

• operates at 13.56 MHz

• only one NFC tag can be scanned at a time

• NFC interrogators are built into smartphones (no specific interrogator devices

necessary). For a list of NFC-compatible smartphones, see

https://www.nfcw.com/nfc-phones-list/.

Fig. The Avery Dennison NFC portfolio. The inlays can be integrated into packaging

products.

Fig. Examples of integrated NFC labels in packaging

mailto:[email protected]://www.nfcw.com/nfc-phones-list/

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Brand value

NFC is a consumer orientated technology. The consumer uses his/her smartphone as

interrogator to receive data from NFC transponder cards and labels. The received

data can then initiate actions on the connected smartphone. This concept has caught

the attention of brands: NFC brought opportunities to strengthen the brand-consumer

relationship. With the release of iOS13 Android and Apple smartphones can both

natively (without the need for a product app) interact with NFC tags. This amplifies

NFC development and applications.

Fig. NFC consumer applications.

NFC adoption

Further adoption of NFC will depend mainly on:

Consumer behaviour.

It will take time for consumers to learn and be confident with tagging. An excellent

comparison of the technical aspects of NFC-tagging is made by Voyantic

(https://voyantic.com/blog/posts/nfc-tapping-smartphone-performance-comparison). A

smartphone is not interrogating for NFC-tags continuously, it checks occasionally if

there is an NFC tag nearby waiting to be read. How often it is checked can be different

depending on the model (0.2 – 4 sec). Secondly not every transponder NFC-tag

needs the same amount of energy to start resending. The inlay I used required 225

mailto:[email protected]://voyantic.com/blog/posts/nfc-tapping-smartphone-performance-comparison

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mA/m magnetic field strength for activation. The required activation energies can vary

from 225 mA/m to 1500 mA/m.

Fig. the process of tagging a NFC-label

(https://powercoatpaper.com/products/powercoat-alive/)

Lower tag prices.

Similar as RFID, the extra investments costs of adding NFC-tags to products needs to

be levered with the advantages.

Fig. NFC-tag prizes are higher compared to RFID

(https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/rfid-tag-price.html)

mailto:[email protected]://powercoatpaper.com/products/powercoat-alive/)https://www.alibaba.com/showroom/rfid-tag-price.html

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That this not an easy task is illustrated by Thinfilm

(https://thinfilmsystems.com/technology/), one of the market leaders in NFC-

technology. The company decided to leave the NFC-business and focus on energy

storage. But technical progress is made. In 2017 researchers at IMEC have

developed a flexible plastic RFID chip (https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/first-time-

demonstration-of-a-plastic-12-bit-rfid-tag-and-read-out-system-with-screen-printed-

antenna). PragmatIC is commercially manufacturing and selling flexible RFID-chips

that fits the packaging industry (flexible and cheaper).

Fig. Imec’s flexible plastic RFID/NFC tag

Fig. The specifications of the flexible RFID-tags (PragmatIC).

mailto:[email protected]://thinfilmsystems.com/technology/https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/first-time-demonstration-of-a-plastic-12-bit-rfid-tag-and-read-out-system-with-screen-printed-antennahttps://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/first-time-demonstration-of-a-plastic-12-bit-rfid-tag-and-read-out-system-with-screen-printed-antennahttps://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/first-time-demonstration-of-a-plastic-12-bit-rfid-tag-and-read-out-system-with-screen-printed-antenna

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Touch Screen Communication If you overlook the RFID/NFC concept of speak and listening to responses, then most

people on Earth carrying a device that does exactly the same thing: the touch screen

of our smartphones. If powered on, the screen is constantly in detection mode

(listening to responses). Touching it is like responding ‘I’m here’ and corresponding

software-actions is initiated.

Fig. Steve Jobs explaining the principle of a touchscreen (Multi-Touch) to operate the

iPhone.

It was clever thinking to extend this principle to interacting with objects. If you could

simulate a multi-touching action on a touchscreen by a printed pattern, it would be

possible to interact with smartphone software (app). Compared to RFID/NFC

technologies, touch screen communication differences by:

• Absence of an antenna (cheap production costs)

• Product App needed to interact

Several companies are exploring and trying to convert this principle into commercial

products:

• Imec, TNO, and Cartamundi developed a flexible touchscreen tag under the

name C-touch. The tag can be integrated into a wide range of paper and

plastic-based objects such as tickets, certified documents and payment cards.

The connection to the internet is established simply by placing the tagged

object on the touchscreen or vice-versa.


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Fig. An touchscreen label that can be embedded in cards and board games for

interactive game experience (https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/imec-tno-and-

cartamundi-develop-flexible-tags-that-communicate-with-standard-touch-

screens?slide=3)

• Edding, a manufacturer of markers, has developed the edding code for touch

screen interaction.

Fig. Placing a card with embedded code on a smartphone touchscreen for document

verification (https://edding.tech/en/eddingcode).

mailto:[email protected]://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/imec-tno-and-cartamundi-develop-flexible-tags-that-communicate-with-standard-touch-screens?slide=3https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/imec-tno-and-cartamundi-develop-flexible-tags-that-communicate-with-standard-touch-screens?slide=3https://www.imec-int.com/en/articles/imec-tno-and-cartamundi-develop-flexible-tags-that-communicate-with-standard-touch-screens?slide=3https://edding.tech/en/eddingcode

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TicTag is a Dutch start-up entered the market with a 5-point identifier for touch screen

communication.

Fig. A touchscreen stamp for customer loyalty programs (https://tic-tag.com/)

Application examples

VEEEW

VEEEW (http://veeew.com/index ) is a business-to-business augmented reality platform from Flemish Group Joos (https://www.groupjoos.com/group-joos/group-joos-at-your-service/?lang=en). The idea behind VEEEW is similar as the SHAZAM: building bridges between brands. The platform delivers a low threshold method to add

augmented reality features to images. Business customers can simply upload images

or logo’s that serve as the initiator for AR. A score is calculated that reflects the

usability of the image for this task: you want a 100% detection rate when pointing your

smartphone camera at the image reproduction in advertising or packaging products.

Good to know is that they made it language sensitive. Augmented reality with text or

language content, will be streamed in the detected language setting of your

smartphone.

mailto:[email protected]://tic-tag.com/)http://veeew.com/indexhttps://www.groupjoos.com/group-joos/group-joos-at-your-service/?lang=enhttps://www.groupjoos.com/group-joos/group-joos-at-your-service/?lang=en

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Fig. pricing list to add augmented reality to your business.

Fig. Peter Goossens, a three Michelin-star chef, demonstrates one of his recipes by

augmented reality in a Chef magazine


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Decathlon

Decathlon is a French sports-gear retailer with 1,500 stores worldwide. The retailer

uses RFID to manage inventory and to keep goods secure. Each store item is labelled

with an RFID-tag. An individual Electronic Product Code (EPC) number is assigned to

the tag that matches the unique product SKU.

Fig. Boxes are passed through a RFID interrogator funnel as they are shipped out to

Decathlon warehouses. (Photo: Decathlon)

Fig. the Decathlon RFID-eco system with the different function of every unique RFID-

tag.

Decathlon is continuously expanding the RFID-based ECO system. Latest

development is the mobile self-checkout solution. This is a clever way to combine the

advantages of RFID-tracking, printed codes and mobile pay. The consumer scans a

printed product code within the Decathlon app, while holding and overthinking a

purchase. After the buyers decision is made, a checkout can be initiated that takes

care of the payment and disables the RFID-item from the store inventory. He can now

leave the shop without any waiting time or security alarm going off.


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AMCOR Toppan Printing, an innovative Japanese printing company and Amcor, a packaging

supplier worked out an NFC-based anti-counterfeiting solution for the wine and spirits

markets (InTact). The solution exists of an in the bottle capsule integrated NFC-tag

that detects breaking to prevent fraudulent refilling and grey market diversion of

original bottles.

Fig. An anti-counterfeiting solution by an NFC tamper tag.

PATit

PATit is an anticounter fitting Coding System developed by Haydale

(https://haydale.com/), a global advanced materials group. , based on the multitouch (touchscreen) principle. The concept exist of printing a transparent conductive pattern

(multitouch) onto labels & packaging that can be identified by a smartphones

touchscreen and corresponding app-software.

mailto:[email protected]://haydale.com/

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Fig. Product authentication by interaction with the smartphone’s touchscreen.

Kraft Heinz - Find the KRAFT Golden Singles’ Reward Scratch Game

Brand owners seek for methods for more consumer loyalty. Kraft Heinz introduced

labels with integrated NFC-tags. By tapping with their smartphone, the shopper is

given an opportunity to earn a $50 Walmart e-gift card at each participating store or

receive recipes.

Fig. The label with integrated NFC-antenna to create more product value en consumer

loyalty.


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References https://blog.nxp.com/tech-insights/connectivity/unlocking-the-untapped-potential-of-

nfc-with-ios-13-and-nxp-tag-solutions

Avery Dennison - Jordi Baeta (presentation).pdf Presentatie AIPIA 2018

Touchode: https://touchcode.com/

https://www.qrstuff.com/index.html

https://nfc-forum.org/

reading codes: https://lens.google.com/

productcodes in retail: https://www.gs1.org/

variable QR-codes: https://www.logmore.com/

variable QR-codes: https://tomboka.eu/)

shazam example: https://www.dffrntmedia.com/chiquita

Zapcodes: https://docs.zap.works/

Digital Image watermarking:

“Smart Images” Using Digimarc’s Watermarking Technology Adnan M. Alattar,

Digimarc Corporation

Recent Trends in Color Image Watermarking, Alain Trémeau and Damien Muselet,

Laboratoire LIGIV EA 3070, Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France

Multimedia Watermarking Techniques, FRANK HARTUNG, STUDENT MEMBER,

IEEE, AND MARTIN KUTTER

Digital watermarking of plastics:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_l

ogo

RFID:

Avery portfolio:

https://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RFI

D-Solutions-portfolio.pdf

Decathlon case study: https://www.valuechain.be/nl/nieuws/detail/5517/rfid-op-

artikelniveau

NFC: tagging: https://voyantic.com/blog/posts/nfc-tapping-smartphone-performance-

comparison

list with NFC-enabled smartphones: https://learn.seritag.com/nfc-enabled-phones

Testing RFID/NFC: https://voyantic.com/products/reelsurance

RFID principles: RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless

Smart Cards ...By Klaus Finkenzeller, Wiley

Mifare, https://www.mifare.net/en/

RFID in retail, https://www.nedap-retail.com/

a list of NFC-compatible smartphones, see https://www.nfcw.com/nfc-phones-list/

mailto:[email protected]://blog.nxp.com/tech-insights/connectivity/unlocking-the-untapped-potential-of-nfc-with-ios-13-and-nxp-tag-solutionshttps://blog.nxp.com/tech-insights/connectivity/unlocking-the-untapped-potential-of-nfc-with-ios-13-and-nxp-tag-solutionshttps://touchcode.com/https://www.qrstuff.com/index.htmlhttps://nfc-forum.org/https://lens.google.com/https://www.gs1.org/https://www.logmore.com/https://tomboka.eu/https://www.dffrntmedia.com/chiquitahttps://docs.zap.works/https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_logohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=28&v=3wosbezypOw&feature=emb_logohttps://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RFID-Solutions-portfolio.pdfhttps://rfid.averydennison.com/content/dam/averydennison/rfid/Global/Documents/RFID-Solutions-portfolio.pdfhttps://www.valuechain.be/nl/nieuws/detail/5517/rfid-op-artikelniveauhttps://www.valuechain.be/nl/nieuws/detail/5517/rfid-op-artikelniveauhttps://voyantic.com/blog/posts/nfc-tapping-smartphone-performance-comparisonhttps://voyantic.com/blog/posts/nfc-tapping-smartphone-performance-comparisonhttps://learn.seritag.com/nfc-enabled-phoneshttps://voyantic.com/products/reelsurancehttps://www.mifare.net/en/https://www.nedap-retail.com/https://www.nfcw.com/nfc-phones-list/

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+32 14 40 39 90 info@vigc .be

VIGC strategic partners


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+32 14 40 39 90 info@vigc .be

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