Whole Air studio journal

AIR STUDIOABPL30048 2014 SM2Yilin Wang 634076

ABPL30048 Studio AIr Yilin Wang 634076


Table of Contents

Introduction 01 - 02

PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION

A.1. Design Futuring 03 - 06A.2 . Design Computation 07 - 12A.3. Composition/Generation 13 - 18A.4. Conclusion 19A.5. Learning outcomes A.6. Appendix- Algorithmic Sketches 20Part A Reference 21 - 22

PART B. CRITERIA DESIGN

B.1. Research Field 24 - 26B.2. Case Study 1.0 27 - 30B.3. Case Study 2.0 31 -36 B.4. Technique: Development 37 - 41B.5. Technique: Prototypes 42 - 47B.6. Technique: Proposal 48 -50 B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes 51B.8 Appendix-Algorithmic Sketches 52 PART C. DETAILED DESIGNC.1. Design Concept 55 - 58C.2. Tectonic Element 59 - 60C.3. Final Detailed Model 61 - 66C.4. Learning Objective and Outcome 67 - 68


1

I am Yilin and I am currently undertaking my second year studying Architecture within the Bachelor of Environments at The University of Melbourne.

I was born in Shanghai, China. After 17, I came to Melbourne and transfer to a high school in Melbourne. I think that’s the biggest decision in my life and became a turning point. I am really interested in drawing and painting. The things I enjoy most in my life are design, art, film and travel.

When I study in high school, I was really confused that what course I should choose and I was really hesitate between urban planning and architecture. Then I ask myself, if I don'y do architecture, would I be regretful about it? The answer is yes.

INTRODUCTION


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Although architecture is a hard job, I still have a great passion on it. Also, I am really interested in different types of buildings. I hope I can get improved through the studio, both on digital skills and ideology.

I don't have background about Rhino and Grasshopper. I think that's really a challenge for me. Now I am trying to be familiar with it and learning Grasshopper at the same time. In Designing environments and earth studio, I did all assignment by hand drawing. I really need to improve my digital skills on design and I believe that it will help me to improve the appearance of design and let people get more understanding of it.

[1]

1. N.A, Spatial Awareness, Pio Studio, (2010) <http://piostudio.com/spatial-awareness/> [accessed 2nd July 2014]

PART A. CONCEPTUALISATION


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A.1. DESIGN FUTURING

"Answering the 'design futuring' question actually requires having a clear sense of what design needs to be mobilized for or against.

Even more significantly, it means changing our thinking, then how and what we design. Equally, it also requirs understanding that the 'dialectic of sustainment' is another basic feature of being human." [2]

[3] "Solaris",LAGI competition 2010

Precedent 1. SolariS


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The design on the right is called "Solaris". It is one of the entry in 2010 LAGI competition. “Solaris” is a sculptural art installation comprised of hundreds of photovoltaic panels arranged in the pattern of a familiar cultural ornamental decoration for Site #2 in Abu Dhabi between Yas and Saadiyat Islands.

In this design, it came up with the sustainable and renewable energy. As the location is in Abu Dhabi, it has great condition of weather. The photovoltaic panels are set along the coastline and that could make sure the panels could absorb maximum sunlight without shelters.

Adequate sunlight will make sure the photovoltaic panels work properly. The site is proximity to the airport and the site offers an opportunity to showcase a design from an aerial vantage point.

2. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg)3. Oleg Lobykin, Solaris, Land art generator initiative, (2010)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI2010/o414k4/#> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

[4]

Precedent 2. adaPtive MutationS


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I really interested in the concept of this design. It come up with the idea that design consideration should be evolved, just like life forms in nature envoled to their surroundings. The design is highly involved into the environment around it and provide different useful functions. First, it involved in renewable energy. The photovoltaic panels on the exterior surfaces collect sunlight that is fed directly to the city grid, while also being partially diverted to the local LED's imbedded in the tips of each module creating a glowing plastic membrane at night. Not only provides lighting at night for the park, but also for other electrical consumption.

The design on the right is called “Adaptive Mutations”. It is one of the entry in 2012 LAGI competition that I’ve chosen. Adaptive Mutations is a design predicated on the fact that nature exists not in stasis, but in perpetual f lux.

The design is located in Freshkills Park inhabitant. As considering the needs of the location, It provides both shading and seating.

Top view of "Adaptive Mutations", LAGI competition 2012

4~5. Joseph Sarafian Adaptive Mutations, Land art generator initiative,

Night view of "Adaptive Mutations", LAGI competition 2012

[5]


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Overall, this kind of design which involves functional, pritical and aesthetic should continue being appreciated. Especially in some places where lack of land, this kind of design should be advocated. Also, it would bring such new ideology to the society, instigate people to think of a new way of living and contribute to their site and their inhabitants.

Second, it combines different functions. As the design is located in park, people should have the places for leisure. The photovoltaic panels are not only for collecting solar energy, but also provide shading.Seating elements are also be provided.

Third, it considered different factors about the actural location. By reducing the wind force and considering more public access, the structure is designed in a linear path, held taught by a combination of interior steel tension cables and the design's collective curvature.

Nowadays, more and more people start using computer for designing and various of design software are provided for designers. Different software and technology provided designers more options and possibilities to create and express their ideas. Also, It integrated into design process gradually.

Parametric design as a facility for the control of topological relationships enables the creation and modulation of the differentiation of the elements of a design.[6] Digital morphogenesis is the edge of theory in relationship to emerging digital design and technology. In ancient times, arbiters began their designs with eyes. The first step they did was observing. But nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, before doing the design, people could get inspiration from environmental, genetic morphology etc.

Parametric design is considered as a design tool, also regarded as a technical method to build methods on computer. The famous architect Zaha Hadid also interested in creation of parametric shapes. She created an installation last year. The installation is a fully Wahlbergthat reacts to the visitors’ movements by changing shape and expression. The installation is a dark rectangle shape, including four walls, floor and ceiling. A glowing and flexible membrane could moves up and down. The shape of membrane is dynamic because thousands of light could control the movement of membrane. [7]This creates an almost dreamy, yet tangible experience related to the architectural language that Zaha Hadid is known for.

Precedent 3. ParaMetric SPace

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A.2 . DESIGN COMPUTATION

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6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

[11]

Figure 8 - 11: Parametric Space, Zaha Hadid, Kollision, CAVI and Wahlberg


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[10]

6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

Precedent 4. recycled MaterialS cottage


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The modeling of material is the other technology. The modeling of material as a tectonic system has provided a powerful paradigm for material design in architecture as well as for the per formative design of material systems. [12]This process make material get involved in the design of architecture. It gives architects opportunity to digitally create and understanding the material realm.

With this technology, material is again in the purview, knowledge sphere and institutional control of the architect.[13] Nowadays, with the environmental protection awareness, sustainability and recycle of material became more and more important.

Juan Luis Martínez Nahuel has found new uses for building elements from other architectural projects in his Recycled Materials Cottage in Chile.[14]The design used materials from demolished buildings such as glazing, eucalyptus and parquet floors as surface. Steel and laminated beams are from exhibit. By using the modeling of material, designers could be aware about which material is suitable for the building, and simulate a computing model to see the different effect by using different materials.

Analysing problems, setting goals, devising actions that might accom plish them, evaluating the efficacy of these actions, and communicating with others involved in the process is what designers do. [15] With the computing design technology, designers could have more possibilities and space for creation. People could try and simulate different design projects in low budget and avoid mistakes and loss. They changed the way people do the design and make people think more creatively.

12~13 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)(2012)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI-2012/jk598vb2/> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]14. Taylor Metcalf, Recycling+Building Materials, Arch daily, published on 7,Aug, 2011, < http://www.archdaily.com/155549/recyclingbuilding-materials/> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]15 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)

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[17]


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[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

Figure 16 - 21: Recycled Materials Cottage, Chile, Juan Luis Martínez Nahuel


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16~21. Coby Hounjet , Recycled Materials Cottage, HUH, 2011, < http://www.huhmagazine.co.uk/1999/recycled-materials-cottage> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]


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A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION

Figure 22. Sustainable hothouse, Fenmark, Mollevejen, C.F. Moller Architects, 201222. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]23. Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

Precedent 5. SuStainable HotHouSe


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In recent decades, with the development of computing technology and software, algorithmic thinking, parametric modelling and scripting cultures became more and more popular. These new technology really changed architecture from composition to generation. Although there are many benefits by using computing design, the defects are also existing.

There are various of benefits of parametric design. Nowadays, more and more inputs could be accepted by parametric models. In one projects, there are millions of possibilities. Computers could simulate different situations such as how natural lighting could be maximized, the height of ceiling heights, the way a structure is heated and cooled[23].

Figure 22. Sustainable hothouse, Fenmark, Mollevejen, C.F. Moller Architects, 2012

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The second point is that, with parametric technology, the buildings could be designed more environmentally sustainable[25]. It could help designers to find the most suitable solution for the project. The current industry standard for energy efficiency is LEED—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Drought-tolerant plants, efficient heating, ventilation, air-conditioning systems could apply for LEED certification[26].

The sustainable hothouse located in Fenmark, Mollevejen is an example for it. It is designed by C.F. Moller Architects, constructed in 2012 within 3300 squares meter[27]. The hothouse is designed in semi sphere shape, involved in sustainable design, new materials and advanced computer technology to create the hothouse in organic form. Architects use computing technology to create different forms, structures to ensure that the form and energy consumption interact in the best possible manner and make optimal use of sunlight. The dome shape could make sure that format gives the smallest surface area but coupled with the largest volume to create more space efficiently.

Everything has two sides. Alarmingly undisciplined results might happen in parametric programs even in experienced hands[29]. The 2010 Guangzhou Opera House by Zaha Hadid has many problems about construction details. Also, the messy and irregular layout break the rule of traditional opera. With parametric design, the designers might focus on playing with the forms than the implication of the structure itself.

Algorithmic thinking means taking on an interpretive role to understand the results of the generating code, knowing how to modify the code to explore new options, and speculating on further design potentials. [30]When problems occurs, designer writes program to solve the problems. Also, designers will adjust and modify the program to make the program be perfect. That's sketching by algorithm[31]. With algorithmic thinking and computing, architecture could get more experiment for simulate the building performance , get improved and innovated. Also, It will help architectures to create more responsive designs and help them to make most appropriate decisions during design process.

[24] [28] Figure 24: Floor plan of the sustainable hothouse Figure 28: Interior view of the sustainable hothouse

24, 27,28. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]25, 26.Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]29. Witold, Rybczynski, Hon. FAIA, Lost Amid the Algorithms, Architect, published on 11, July, 2013, < http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/parametric-design-lost-amid-the-algorithms.aspx> [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]30,31. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,2,pp. 08-15

Generative Design, in particular, an algorithmic approach, is an efficient, rigorous, controllable, and flexible tool that allows, with reduced time and effort, the production of several different models to explore design variations addressing different types of change[32]. Briefly, It’s not about design the building, It’s about to design a system and let computer to do the design, not people. Algorithmic systems, shaped grammars and Lindenmayer Systems are all generative design.

Algorithmic system need data, components and rules to intent. The rules written by human means actions. During the design process, designers need to structure their thinking to give orders to computer with clear logic. An algorithm may be either iterative or recursive. Recursive algorithms are those that repeatedly refer to themselves until a specific condition is met. The strength of recursion lies in the ability to solve complex problems with simple solutions. [33]

Embedded project is one of the design to use algorithmic system. It was located in Beijing during Olympic Games in 2008. The surface of it is consists of triangles and the pattern of it is irregular. The original shape is based on triangle. Like paper folding, the triangle is divided to create more triangles in different shape and size. In this installation, recursion algorithm is an important role to do the creation. Also, the generated digital data (the three-dimensional architectural models) are embedded into the Google Earth projections. Hence the installation design is virtually-embedded within its own physical, architectural manifestation.[34]

Precedent 5. eMbedded Project

[37]

[35] Figure 35: Embedded Project, HDD_Fun, Beijing, 2008

Figure 36: Generation of Embedded Project

Figure 37: Facade of Embedded Project


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[36]

32,33. Rita Margarida, Serra Fernandes,(2013) ‘Generative Design: a new stage in the design process’, Tecnio Lisboa. <https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395145541718/Generative%20Design%20a%20new%20stage%20in%20the%20design%20process%20-%20Rita%20Fernandes-%20n%C2%BA%2058759.pdf>34. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]

Figure 38: Night View of Embedded project


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35~38. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]

[38]

Figure 38: Night View of Embedded project


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A.4. CONCLUSION

In Part A, I chose most of the precedents as environmentally and renewable. In my opinion, sustainable architecture is a necessary trend. The balance between architecture and environment became more and more important.

I intended to combine them together to achieve win-win situation. At the same time, aesthetics of architecture should be kept. Renewable energy should be used as maximized such as solar energy and wind energy. Recycled materials should also be involved. This could avoid waste of resources efficiently. Not only for environmental protection, but also for saving the constructing budget. Green architecture should absolutely be advocate and generalize.

A.5. LEARNING OUTCOMES

Through Part A, I realized what is computing design and how different design tools help architecture to achieve successful designs. At the beginning of the semester, I just have a little experience of Sketch Up. By learning Rhino and combined with Grasshopper, I realized that it's really different with traditional design.

Parametric design, Modeling of material, algorithmic thinking, scripting cultures, Shaped Grammas, Lindenmayer Systems are all design tools that can be involved in architectural design. By using different digital technology, designers could simulate different appearance, environment situation, facade of architecture, use of material, structure and calculation of construction. Computing design became more and more generative and indispensable.

In my pervious designs, I just use pencil and paper to do it. By learning Grasshopper, I could try different forms and make different matrix to decide most appropriate design. This really improved my design technology, way of thinking, efficiency and convenience of design.


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A.6. APPENDIx- ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES

Through these weeks, I started to use Grasshopper and rhino to create some forms and structures. I haven't use grasshopper before and that's a new start for me. Grasshopper is not like traditional design, for me, it's much more like computer programming. To create an structure or a form, you need to set inputs, give different orders to computer and link them together. It's a challenge for me and difficult to understand and familiar with each order at the beginning.

Through 3 weeks' training and watching the videos on LMS, I preliminary understand the operation of the grasshopper and tried to develop and play with different forms and structures.The first picture is from week 2's tutorial. By using loft to consist of the curves, mutilation and move an object along, cylinders are created on the loft in different directions and height.The second picture is from tutorial 3. It simulate the facade of RMIT University on Swanston street. With grasshopper, the color and number of each triangle can be exchange randomly.


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PART A. REFERENCE LIST

1. N.A, Spatial Awareness, Pio Studio, (2010) <http://piostudio.com/spatial-awareness/> [accessed 2nd July 2014]

2. Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg)

3. Oleg Lobykin, Solaris, Land art generator initiative, (2010)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI2010/o414k4/#> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

4~5. Joseph Sarafian Adaptive Mutations, Land art generator initiative, (2012)< http://landartgenerator.org/LAGI-2012/jk598vb2/> [accessed 2nd Aug. 2014]

6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)

7. Karissa Rosenfield, Parametric Space / Zaha Hadid Architects, Kollision, CAVI, Wahlberg, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

8~11: Kollision design office, Arch daily, published on 2,July, 2013, http://www.archdaily.com/396923/parametric-space-zaha-hadid-architects-kollision-cavi-wahlberg/> [accessed 9th Aug, 2014]

12~13 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge)

14. Taylor Metcalf, Recycling+Building Materials, Arch daily, published on 7,Aug, 2011, < http://www.archdaily.com/155549/recyclingbuilding-materials/> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

15 Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)

16~21. Coby Hounjet , Recycled Materials Cottage, HUH, 2011, < http://www.huhmagazine.co.uk/1999/recycled-materials-cottage> [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

22,24, 27,28. Julian Weyer, Sustainable Hothouse / C.F. Møller Architects, Arch daily, published on 24 Dec. 2013, < http://www.archdaily.com/460470/sustainable-hothouse-c-f-moller-architects/> [accessed on 17th, Aug, 2014]

23, 25, 26.Allison Arieff, New Forms That Functions Better, MIT Technology, published on 31, July, 2013, < http://www.technologyreview.com/review/517596/new-forms-that-function-better/>, [accessed on 8, Aug, 2014]

29. Witold, Rybczynski, Hon. FAIA, Lost Amid the Algorithms, Architect, published on 11, July, 2013, < http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/parametric-design-lost-amid-the-algorithms.aspx> [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]


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30,31. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83,2,pp. 08-15

32,33. Rita Margarida, Serra Fernandes,(2013) ‘Generative Design: a new stage in the design process’, Tecnio Lisboa. <https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/395145541718/Generative%20Design%20a%20new%20stage%20in%20the%20design%20process%20-%20Rita%20Fernandes-%20n%C2%BA%2058759.pdf>

34~38. Embedded Project by HHD_FUN, Dezeen magazine, published on 19, Mar, 2010.< http://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/19/embedded-project-by-hhd_fun/>, [accessed on 9, Aug, 2014]

PART B.CRITERIA DESIGN


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B.1. RESEARCH FIELD

Grid Shell is an wooden structure created by SG2012. The creation of Grid Shell is involved by geometry, structures and material performance. It is created by computational design which is parametric tools.

The material of the Grid Shell is wood members and they are bent along geodesic lines on a relaxed surface1. Grid Shell to be designed in this shape to minimize the material waste and involved environment analysis. Designers researched a variety of material properties such as the wood grain orientation and density and their relationship with bending stresses.

With parametric design technology, designers integrate material and geometric parameters by using a couple of plug-in board in Rhino such as Grasshopper, Kangaroo and Karamba.

FIGURE 2: Side Elevation

FIGURE 3: Assembly Plan

FIGURE 4: Photo of Side View

FIGURE 5: Photo of Side View

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[3]

[4]

[5]


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1~3. SG 2012 Grid Shell MATSYS,2012.< http://matsysdesign.com/2012/04/13/sg2012-gridshell/>, [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]4~5. Mark Cabrinha, Grid Shell MATSYS, Estructuras Experimentales 2012.< http://estructales.tumblr.com/post/43580260550/sg2012-gridshell>, [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

Green void is an installation designed by Lava in 2008. It's about 20 meters height. The inspiration of the form is from nature. The material it use is lightweight fabric. By using the latest digital fabrication techniques, It create more with less10.

Green void is set in the centre of building. Through the windows, people could see Lava directly. The color of green make people imagine a big tree growing in the building. It also like a microorganism or a snail growing and absorb on the building. The space of Green void is filled with a 3-dimensional lightweight- sculpture, solely based on minimal surface tension and freely stretching between wall, ceiling and floor11.

It involved various computational design technology. 3D modeling is for the beginning with the design. Material cutting and mechanical re-seaming is from computer controlled. (CNC) which is computer numeric code12. It could minimize the surface and allows the sculpture to reveal a new dimension in sustainable design practice.

[6] [7]

[8] [9]

FIGURE 6-9: Photos of Green Void


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6~10.Green Void, Lava,2008. < http://www.l-a-v-a.net/projects/green-void/>,11~12. Ethel Baraona Pohl, Green Void/LAVA, Building Technology and Materials Australia Fabric Installation, Arch Daily. Published on 16 Dec, 2008. < http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava/> [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

Montreal's Biosphere is built as the United State's pavilion for 1967 World Fair Expo in 1967. It is designed by Buckminster Fuller and repurposed into a museum in 1990. As a water museum, It initially show the water ecosystem or Great Lake region. It also has other environmental issues such as climate change, air, eco-technologies and sustainable development14. The geodesic design is built from triangles. The reason he design it into dome and triangle form is that he wanted to use only one fifth of the material normally used in conventional architecture to create a liveable space15.

It is surprise to see architects and designers to have such environmental awareness in such an early period. People realized that we should use less material to avoid waster and architecture should absolutely combined with environmental to achieve sustainability. Also, there is an Ecological Solar House sits in front of geodesic sphere. It has solar panels on the roof to maximize solar efficiency. Also, the materials are durable, recyclable and sustainable.

[13] FIGURE 13: Photos of Montreal's Biosphere & Ecological Solar House


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13~14. Lori Zimmer, Montreal’s Biosphere Environmental Museum Resides Inside Massive Buckminster Fuller Geodesic Dome, Architecture, Inhabitat, published on 2,Jun, 2012. < http://inhabitat.com/photos-biosphere-environmental-museum-resides-inside-a-buckminster-fuller-masterpiece/> [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]15. The Montreal Biosphere-Visionary Architecture by Richard Buckminster Fuller, MonTREAL EnVIRonMEnT, MonTREAL URBAnISM, PUBLIShED on 27, noV, 2012.<hTTP://www.MonTREALEnVIRonMEnT.CA/ThE-MonTREAL-BIoSPhERE-%E2%80%93-VISIonARY-ARChITECTURE-oF-RIChARD-BUCkMInSTER-FULLER/> [ACCESSED on 20, AUG, 2014]

B.2. CASE STUDY 1. 0.


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Through Grasshopper, I created 30 different iterations in five species. The original form is the Grid Shell.

In this process, I tried different geometry elements such as circle, square, triangles or consists them together because I with to create interesting forms and play with them.

After I finish each of them, I bake them in Grasshopper and make 2D form. All of them are in fixed camera which is top view.

I found that it's interesting to use computional technology to do the design because it gives me more inspartion and I could simulate forms visually and do adjustions.


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DESIGN BRIEF

My design brief is based on 2014 LAGI competition’s design brief. My intent is to create an installation that combined with the site around and achieve sustainability. The detailed requirements are following:

• Consistofathreedimensionalsculpturalformthathastheabilitytostimulateandchallenge the mind of visitors to the site. The work should aim to solicit contemplation from viewers on such broad ideas as ecological systems, human habitation and development, energy and resource generation and consumption, and/or other concepts at the discretion of the design team;

• Captureenergyfromnature,convertitintoelectricity,andhavetheabilitytostore,and/or transform and transmit the electrical power to a grid connection point to be designed by others. Consideration should be made for artfully housing the required transformer and electrical equipment within the project boundary and restricting access to those areas for the safety of visitors to the site;

• Notcreategreenhousegasemissionsandnotpolluteitssurroundings.Theworkmustnotimpactthe natural surroundings negatively. Each entry must provide a brief (approx. 300 words) environmental impact assessment as a part of the written description in order to determine the effects of the project on the natural ecosystem and give reference to a mitigation strategy addressing any foreseeable issues;

• Bepragmaticandconstructibleandemploytechnologythatcanbescalableandtested.Thereis no limit on the type of technology or the proprietary nature of the technology that is specified. It is recommended that the design team make an effort to engage the owners of proprietary technology in preliminary dialogue as a part of their own research and development of the design entry. The more pragmatic the proposals are, the greater the likelihood will be that one of them may get built;

• Besafetopeoplewhowouldviewit.Considerationmustbemadeforviewingplatform areas and boundaries between public and restricted areas;

• Designsmustnotexceed125metersinheight;


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These 4 iterations are my favourite 4 forms. From the top view, we can see that the lines are smooth and fit. As I planned to use solar energy in my process, It’s important to have enough top surface. With the top surface,

solar panels could be put on and get as much as solar energy.

This design could be consider as a leisure area for people to sit and provide shade, at the same time, it provide light at night with renewable

energy. It could also be considered as a structure in wooden or steel. Also, materials could be combined such as glass and wooden.


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B.3. CASE STUDY 2. 0. ABPL30048 Studio AIr Yilin Wang 634076

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16. n.A one whiskey away from perfection, published on 17,Jan 2013. < http://www.heatsweden.com/wordpress/?p=1908>[accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]

The architecture that I choose is HSB Turning Torso. It is located in Sweden. It is designed by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and officially opened on 28 August 2005. The height of the tower is 190 meters in 57 stories. It is one of the famous landmarks in the world. [17]

The twisting inspiration of the tower is from twisting human body. And It is completely powered by 100% renewable energy with a full twisting of 90 degrees on top of it. It is made from concrete, steel, glass and recyclable aluminium. [18]The energy is used efficiently to achieve sustainable. The windows ,external walls and installations are in energy efficient to reduce consumption.

As a residential building, each apartment resident could monitoring their heat and water consumption. As an environmental building, the kitchen waste of every unit could changed to organic waste. The structural slab is around the core and the outer steel support is on the exterior wall to link by spine. All the glass and aluminium facade is double curved.

{[16]


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17. n.A, From sculpture to vision to reality, hSB Turning Torso.<http://www.hsb.se/malmo/turningtorso/in-english> [accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]18. Ana Lisa, Turning Torso: Calatrava’s Sustainable Skyscraper is the tallest residential tower in Sweden. Architecture, Green Real Estate, news, Sustainable Building, Inhabitat, published on 7, Apr, 2011. <http://inhabitat.com/sustainable-and-twisted-turning-torso-sculptural-building-in-malmo-by-santiago-calatrava/>[accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]

The steps that I created the Turning Torso.


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1. First, I use Rhino to make the base of the tower. I use poly-line, circle and mirror order to create the shape of the base.

2. Then I started use Grasshopper to create the tower. I used move order to let base move vertically.

3. After that, I use cross reference and move to let the building grows up. I set the number slider to adjust the height of the building.

4. I created a cylinder at the centre as a core of the building.

5. Then I start thinking about how to rotate the building. I used the rotate order and give a range of the rotation. I gave a domain which is 0.5 multiply the Pi.


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[19]

{[20]

{[21]


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After I done the Grasshopper reverse engineer of Turning Torso, I found that there are a couple of difference and similaries with the arcural tower.

The basic structure I made and the actural tower are similar. From the section of the photo, we can see that the main strctutre is made by polygon and circle.

I also created the rotation of the tower. The actural tower is twisting and with a fully twisting of 90 degree at the top of it. The tower that I created achieved this by using Pi as the cofficient of the rotation.

There are also many steps that I haven't acheve yet.The main difference is the facade of the tower. It has regular rectangle windows

distribute on the tower. I didn't make the facade during the process.

The other difference is that I didn't show the outer steel support on the exterior wall to like by spine which is one of the main structure on the tower.


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19.n.A, From Twisting To Turning Torso, kinnarps Magazine, kinnarps, published in 2012. <http://www.kinnarps.com/en/International/newsPress/kinnarpsMagazine/Issue5/FromTwistingToTurningTorso/>[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]20~21.n.A, Turning Torso, Skyscrapers and Towers, Projects, PERI.<http://www.peri.com/en/projects/projects/skyscrapers-towers/turning_torso.cfm>[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]

B.4. TECHNIqUE: DEVELOPMENT


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As the design is for visitors to the site, I wish to design an installation to provide visitors a leisure area. People could sit, lie down or stand on the installation, having food, have a chat, take pictures etc.


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The energy of the installation is from nature, which is solar energy. Solar energy is renewable and be used efficiently. By absorbing the solar power at day time, It could provide electricity and light at night. Also, It could provide electricity to stores or residential areas nearby. The greenhouse gas emissions and pollutions will not be created. The installation designs in echo friendly sustainable energy efficiently and do not have the negative impact for environment completely.


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I selected 4 different iterations as the best four . These four iterations have spread shapes of top and bottom, which can absorb maximum sunlight from solar panels. The hollow structure at the middle is for the wires. The wires could transform the electricity that created by solar energy to the stores or residential areas nearby.

The iteration that I most interested in is the third one. As the site is near the sea and beside the Little Mermaid in Denmark, I wish the installation could be linked to the ocean.

The structure of the third iteration looks like starfish. It gives the installation more connections to the ocean. Also, the spread and doubled curved space at the base gives more space for visitors.

On the other hand, the doubled structure could make the installation better stability. As the weather condition might be bad, the installation need more base space and designed body structure to reduce the wind force.

BEST ITERATIONS SELECTIONS


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B.5. TECHNIqUE: PROTOTYPES

My design has a large basement structure to support the body. As the site is beside the sea, I designed the body as curved and smooth to against the force of wind. Two structure of the design is link to each other, large area of basement could help the structure to be much more stable.

At first I designed my fabric as waffle because it could show the bending and flow of the structure. But the problem is that I found the straight line looks conflicting with the form of my design. Then I designed my fabric as honey comb form. Honey comb is a natural and structural form. It's tough, strong and it's a great element that has aesthetic feeling which can be used in architecture.

I designed the honey comb structure as the fabric of design for two reasons. As the honey comb is hexagon, the structure could ensuring stability and power equality. The second reason is that as I wish to provide light for people at night, the structure of honey comb are designed as light source. I decide transparent light tube as the material of it to achieve the requirement.

[22]

[23]

22. n.A Stop waffling on, Fabulously Fabricated.<http://fabulouslyfabricated.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/stop-waffling-on/> [[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]23. Sliver Jimmy, The MicroSlice V 1, A tiny Arduino laser cutter, Instructables.


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DIGITAL MODEL MAKING PROCESS

The main structure of the installation is designed as mental because I am interested in the reflection. At night, when the light tube give out the light, the metal body could reflect the light and make the whole installation looks much more interesting. As the location of the installation is at the opposite of the Little Mermaid, I hope tourists could not only focus on the scenic spot, but also interested in the opposite side of the sea. Light could be an attractive way to let people be curious.

During the model making process, after I finish my form, I started thinking about the fabric. I created a honey comb definition of honeycomb in grasshopper and selected the surface of my model. Also, I adjust the rows and columns to decide on the size of honeycomb.


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I baked the fabric on the form. As the definition of the fabric is line, not massive, if I render it, these lines could not be shown. What I did is use the pipe order and put it on the lines to create the massive. Then I use the V-ray to render my model. I set the material of light tube as crystal and main body material as metal.

After that I adjust different numerical number to achieve the performance of the model. At last, I put it in photo shop to make it looks more vivid. Also, I put some people into the site to show the scale and function of model.


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MODEL TESTING

These are the model testing process that I made. From the picture, we could clearly see that the top of the structure could absorb most solar energy. That’s the place that for solar panels. The basement of the structure is cool and comfortable. This really fits my design idea. The basement is for relaxing and leisure area. With high solar, people could enjoy the environment below the shelter.


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B.6. TECHNIqUE: PROPOSAL

In my design, I innovated the connection of artistic, various of functions, practicability and environmental protection property. I combined them together to achieve the installation could be used as maximum function. I set the top of installation to put solar panel system. In day time, the sunlight condition is extremely good near the sea. As there is no shelter near it such as high buildings, the solar panels could absorb maximum sunlight. The hollow center of the structure is for install the wires which could link to the residential or commercial buildings nearby to provide the electricity. The basement of the design is for leisure area. As the pattern is curve, people could lie down, enjoy the breeze of wind and breeze of sea. The light of installation could provide aesthetic perception and attractive tourists. The top view of the installation is like a star fish. From the site plan, we can see that there is a star shaped site at the opposite of the sea. What I want is combine them together and get connections between site and design.


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B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After presentation, I got many feedback and start thinking about how to develop it.

The first thing I wish to change is rethinking about the form of installation. What kind of function could also be used on it such as cafe, changing room etc. The function that provide for people are not enough yet.

The second thing that might be develop is the material. As the honeycombs structures are individually, different materials such as timber or concrete might be put on them.

The third thing I am considering is to make the connection between site and installation.

During these weeks, through the theoretical research tasks, I found that I am inspired by playing with different fabric and forms. quite a lot of them are from natural system.

Combined with Rhino and grasshopper technology, I realize the importance of computation. It could helps me to study different forms quickly and model the performance realistically. Before this semester, all my design is made by hand. Through these weeks, I really improved a lot in computational area.


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B.8. APPENDIx - ALGORITHMIC

These are the best algorithmic sketches in my process. The corecomputational principles that I learned during the process is how to combine Rhino and grasshopper to create different forms.

In my design, the example I use is the Turning Torso tower in Swiss land and Grid Shell in Case Study 1.0. I recreate the form by combining these two grasshopper definition together. Also, I redraw the different curves to play around.

In my design thinking,, I wish to create an installation with spread top and bottom. These sketches really fits my design.


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PART B. REFERENCE LIST

1~3. SG 2012 Grid Shell MATSYS,2012.< http://matsysdesign.com/2012/04/13/sg2012-gridshell/>, [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

4~5. Mark Cabrinha, Grid Shell MATSYS, Estructuras Experimentales 2012.< http://estructales.tumblr.com/post/43580260550/sg2012-gridshell>, [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

6~10.Green Void, Lava,2008. < http://www.l-a-v-a.net/projects/green-void/>, [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

11~12. Ethel Baraona Pohl, Green Void/LAVA, Building Technology and Materials Australia Fabric Installation, Arch Daily. Published on 16 Dec, 2008. < http://www.archdaily.com/10233/green-void-lava/> [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

13~14. Lori Zimmer, Montreal's Biosphere Environmental Museum Resides Inside Massive Buckminster Fuller Geodesic Dome, Architecture, Inhabitat, published on 2,Jun, 2012. < http://inhabitat.com/photos-biosphere-environmental-museum-resides-inside-a-buckminster-fuller-masterpiece/> [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

15. The Montreal Biosphere-Visionary Architecture by Richard Buckminster Fuller, Montreal Environment, Montreal Urbanism, published on 27, Nov, 2012.<http://www.montrealenvironment.ca/the-montreal-biosphere-%E2%80%93-visionary-architecture-of-richard-buckminster-fuller/> [accessed on 20, Aug, 2014]

16. N.A One Whiskey away from perfection, published on 17,Jan 2013. < http://www.heatsweden.com/wordpress/?p=1908>[accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]

17. N.A, From sculpture to vision to reality, HSB Turning Torso.<http://www.hsb.se/malmo/turningtorso/in-english> [accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]

18. Ana Lisa, Turning Torso: Calatrava's Sustainable Skyscraper is the tallest residential tower in Sweden. Architecture, Green Real Estate, News, Sustainable Building, Inhabitat, published on 7, Apr, 2011. <http://inhabitat.com/sustainable-and-twisted-turning-torso-sculptural-building-in-malmo-by-santiago-calatrava/>[accessed on 10, Sep, 2014]

19.N.A, From Twisting To Turning Torso, Kinnarps Magazine, Kinnarps, published in 2012. <http://www.kinnarps.com/en/International/NewsPress/KinnarpsMagazine/Issue5/FromTwistingToTurningTorso/>[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]


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20~21.N.A, Turning Torso, Skyscrapers and Towers, Projects, PERI.<http://www.peri.com/en/projects/projects/skyscrapers-towers/turning_torso.cfm>[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]

22. N.A Stop Waffling on, Fabulously Fabricated.<http://fabulouslyfabricated.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/stop-waffling-on/> [[accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]

23. Sliver Jimmy, The MicroSlice V 1, A tiny Arduino laser cutter, Instructables.<http://www.instructables.com/id/MicroSlice-A-tiny-Arduino-laser-cutter/?ALLSTEPS> [accessed on 12, Sep, 2014]


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PART C.DETAILED DESIGN


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C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT

In the interim presentation, I really get some useful feedback about my design. As my fabrication of design is honey comb shape, I was recommended to see some similar project such as Roland Snook’s work at the RMIT Design Hub’s exhibition. Roland’s work is also with irregular geometry. He designed the table with twist and irregular shape and extend the surface in to upper space. I am really interested in the material that he used. What he used is sub translucent glass material which gives people feeling of lightsome and fresh. He used narrow metal with voluble form as the support of the table. This remind me how to construct my design and how to combine support materials and surface.

My design proposal is to design an installation with totally renewable energy and maximize the function of it. What I want to achieve is a composite area and multifunctional space. At the same time, It has both benefits for human and environment.

Through the feedback, I also start considering adding different functions for it. As I wish to create a leisure place for people, I should add different functions for it. What I am considering is change the single installation into a group and provide different functions. That gives people much more spaces and increase people’s interest and curiosity. With different functions, the mobility of human in that area will be increased as well. I set the largest interior area for exhibition. As people normally go to the beach with family and friends, It’s interesting to see various of different exhibition weekly and increase the enjoyment. I set the middle one as cafe. As the environment and condition is relative open and clear, It’s important to provide people food and drink. The smallest interior space is designed as changing room. As the site is near the sea, people will play around and it’s easy to get stain or change to swimwear etc. A changing room would really useful at a site near the sea.

[1]


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SELECT THE SURFACE

NUMBER SLIDER TO CONTROL ROWS AND COLUMNS

GENERATE A GRID ON SURFACE

HONEY COMB STRIPTABLE COMPONENTFUNCTION OF SINGLE VARIABLE (x)

FUNCTION OF SINGLE VARIABLE (x)

THE DIAGRAM

The first step is to create the structure of the installation. On the structure, there is grooves for surface to groove into the structure. The surface is made pre-cast and for fit onto the structure later.

After all the surface (Both sides of the structure) groove in, use bolts to make the connection more rigid and stable. Then, the prefabricate steel with button, and surface and support member button up together.

Honey comb structure fabric is designed as light tubes. The light tubes are prefabricate to fit the surface. They are connected with each other and fixed on the surface by bolts.


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HONEY COMB STRIPTABLE COMPONENT

REMOVE ALL BRUNCH INFORMATION FROM A DATA TREE

JOIN THE CURVESMERGE TWO STREAMS INTO ONE

The first step is to create the structure of the installation. On the structure, there is grooves for surface to groove into the structure. The surface is made pre-cast and for fit onto the structure later.

After all the surface (Both sides of the structure) groove in, use bolts to make the connection more rigid and stable. Then, the prefabricate steel with button, and surface and support member button up together.

Honey comb structure fabric is designed as light tubes. The light tubes are prefabricate to fit the surface. They are connected with each other and fixed on the surface by bolts.


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C.2 TECTONIC ELEMENTS

The main tectonic element that I use is precast steel and bolt joints. I choose steel for the main material for following reasons.

For large scale structural applications, iron alloys are preferred because of having these properties: weld ability, Ductility, Low cost and Availability in sections and plates.

The steel has a couple of advantages such as high strength in compression, tension and shear Excellent strength/weight ratio, high stiffness: less prone to deflection, not prone to creep, relatively easy to connect ,allows design flexibility such as large spans, open planning, high-rise. Also, steel need to be treated to avoid corrosion.

I put equal angle on one side of the structure and use bolts to fix it.

The other side is cold formed channel. As there is groove on cold formed channel, the equal angle channel could ember in it. Then, bolts could fix them together rigidly.

Bolting can be a very economical and efficient way to connect structural steel members. Bolts can assist to create rigid or flexible connection, by clamping two members together or by fixing the end of one member to a shop welded cleat of another.

Bolts normally only account for only 1-2% of the steel cost in a project but they are a critical item that holds the structure together.

The equal angle section

[2]


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FRANK GEHRY DESIGNED AN ART WORK IN NEW YORK . THE CURVING FORM IS CONSTRUCTED USING COMPRISED OF ALUMINUM HARDWARE TO CREATE A THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE. THESE COMPONENTS ALLOW PRODUCING LARGE FORM. THE SURFACE WAS THEN COVERED WITH AN ALUMINUM SUB-SURFACE, TO WHICH IRIDESCENT TITANIUM SURFACES WERE THEN APPLIED AND SECURED.

[3]

[4] [5]


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C.3FINAL DETAIL MODEL

Model in bird eye view

Model in close view

This is the site model that I made. The installation that I shown is the largest installation which is for exhibition or gallery.

It is a two level structure with spiral staircase in. From the photo we can see people are sitting at the edge of it. The sinking square is just near it.

As the model is small and it's hard to show the tectonic system, I made a separate model for it to show the clear construction system and fabric.


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I use the plastic strip and bend it to curve shape to represent the steel structure. Then I put the lateral supporting to make the whole structure stable. The equal angle channel are bolted on the lateral supporting.On the surface, the cold formed channel are bolted on. The cold formed channel has a groove in the middle which could embed into the equal angle channel. The transparency precast light tubes are bolted onto the surface appearance as well.With steel material, It provide reflected visual appearance to looks modern and attractive. For preventing from corrosion, steel need to be treated.

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

The equal angle section

Cold formed Channel Light tube bolted on surface


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C.3LEARNING OBJECTIVE AND OUTCOME

Through the whole studio, I felt that I my design technique and aesthetic has really improved and I get many computational skill and knowledge.

Air studio is a process that lead and teach you how to design and how to get consideration about design. In part A, we started get information about different kinds of computational design such as parametric design, scripting cultures, modeling of materials etc. We did lots of research, precedents and readings to learn from it, thinking about design concepts, how it works and explore our own idea.

Through the weekly sketch and video of grasshopper, I get the basic skills of it and try to use and design with Rhino. With grasshopper, I found it improved much more efficiency than Rhino itself. Grasshopper also links to parametric design. Parametric design is different with traditional design. It is the generation of geometry from the definition of a family of initial parameters. Before this studio, I don't know parametric design at all. Parametric design really explore different mind and ideas for designer and get much more possible to design different things.

In part B, we started doing the preparation of design for our own. In case study 1, I choose an example to study and creating matrix. What I choose is Grid Shell. I used different shapes and geometry with the same grasshopper definition to see what's going on, how the definition works and get different forms. Also, we defined our design brief in part B. We required to find a prototype and create our own grasshopper definition. That's really a challenge for me to do it. But through a process of searching information and help from friends, I did it and create a new definition by combine with Grid Shell together.

After I decide the form of design, I started considering about fabric. I choose honey comb as my final fabric because it is stable and rigid geometry, also with beautiful pattern. In the following process, we adjust our design again and again by considering about different conditions such as site, weather, transport etc.

For me, Air studio is such an important studio because It change the way of design process to a brand new computational one. Computational design bring huge of convenience and possibility of design. It also could simulate different situations. I really enjoy the class and works and I hope that I could learned more computational skills in the future.


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Through the whole studio, I felt that I my design technique and aesthetic has really improved and I get many computational skill and knowledge.

Air studio is a process that lead and teach you how to design and how to get consideration about design. In part A, we started get information about different kinds of computational design such as parametric design, scripting cultures, modeling of materials etc. We did lots of research, precedents and readings to learn from it, thinking about design concepts, how it works and explore our own idea.

Through the weekly sketch and video of grasshopper, I get the basic skills of it and try to use and design with Rhino. With grasshopper, I found it improved much more efficiency than Rhino itself. Grasshopper also links to parametric design. Parametric design is different with traditional design. It is the generation of geometry from the definition of a family of initial parameters. Before this studio, I don't know parametric design at all. Parametric design really explore different mind and ideas for designer and get much more possible to design different things.

In part B, we started doing the preparation of design for our own. In case study 1, I choose an example to study and creating matrix. What I choose is Grid Shell. I used different shapes and geometry with the same grasshopper definition to see what's going on, how the definition works and get different forms. Also, we defined our design brief in part B. We required to find a prototype and create our own grasshopper definition. That's really a challenge for me to do it. But through a process of searching information and help from friends, I did it and create a new definition by combine with Grid Shell together.

After I decide the form of design, I started considering about fabric. I choose honey comb as my final fabric because it is stable and rigid geometry, also with beautiful pattern. In the following process, we adjust our design again and again by considering about different conditions such as site, weather, transport etc.

For me, Air studio is such an important studio because It change the way of design process to a brand new computational one. Computational design bring huge of convenience and possibility of design. It also could simulate different situations. I really enjoy the class and works and I hope that I could learned more computational skills in the future.


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PART C. REFERENCE LIST

1. Tobias titz, sories from the future, RMIT University Design Hub, posted on 25th, Sep, 2014. < http://designhub.rmit.edu.au/news/stories-from-the-future>, {accessed on 10, Oct, 2014}

2. Eugene Sergeev, Grunge industrial background, Colour Box, published on 5, Sep, 2012. < https://www.colourbox.com/image/grunge-industrial-background-with-old-blue-painted-steel-construction-and-bolt-image-4677975>, [accessed on 20, Oct, 2014]

3~5. N.A, Guggenheim Canopy in New York City, Guggenheim Canopy, ND. < http://www.azahner.com/portfolio/guggenheim-canopy>, [accessed on 20, Oct, 2014]


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