“Whoso neglects learning in his youth, loses the past and is dead for the future”

-Euripides, Greek playwright

TISSUES

Atoms Molecules Cells TISSUES Organs Systems Organism (human)

Tissue- Similar cells with the same function

4 types of human tissue

ep ith e lia l t is su e con n ec tive t is su e n ervou s t is su e m u sc le t is su e

fou r typ es o f t is su e

I. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Function-cover or lining of organs A. Stratified squamous epithelium

1. Function- protect from injurya. cells on the bottom are round-they become flat near the top

2. Location- skin

B. Simple columnar epithelium 1. Shape- long rectangles,

packed close together 2. Location- lining of digestive

tract (stomach, intestines) 3. Function- to secrete

chemicals and absorb nutrients

C. Ciliated Epithelium A. Similar to columnar epithelium, but

with CILIA B. Location: trachea, oviducts (uterine

tubes) C. Function: movement of mucus or egg

by ciliary action FYI: There are other kinds of epithelium:

simple squamous, cuboidal, transitional, etc.

II. CONNECTIVE TISSUE*Living cells in a nonliving

MATRIX

Loose connective (areolar) A.Matrix- collagen and

elastin (proteins), tissue fluid (water)

B.Location: dermis of skin, subcutaneous layer, around nerves and blood vessels

B. Dense (Fibrous)Connective Tissue 1. Matrix- parallel

collagen fibers (strength) 2. Location- ligaments

and tendons

C. Blood 1. Living cells- red blood

cells, white blood cells, platelets

2. Nonliving MATRIX- plasma (mostly water)

D. Bone 1. Living cells-

osteocytes 2. Matrix- calcium,

phosphorous, collagen

E. Cartilage 1. 3 types of cartilage

a. hyaline cartilage- connects ribs to sternum, covers ends of bones

b. elastic cartilage- shape of outer ear, vocal cords

c. fibrocartilage- between vertebrae

F. Adipose A. large cells found throughout

the body B. Structure- vacuole with fat

droplet C. Function - stored energy,

food, padding , insulation

III. NERVOUS TISSUE A. Made of neurons

(nerve cells) B. Function- send and

receive messages, communicate

C. Location- brain, spinal cord, nerves

IV. MUSCLE TISSUE A. Function: contract B. 3 types- smooth, cardiac and

skeletal muscle (voluntary)

1. Skeletal muscles- striated (striped), multiple nucleia. Location- in muscles that attach

to bones

V. TISSUE REPAIR A. Regeneration- new cells are

same type and normal function is restored

B. Fibrosis- Replacement tissue develops (scar tissue)- some loss of function

C. The type of repair depends upon: 1. How severe the injury is 2. What kind of tissue

VI. Tissues that RegenerateA. Epithelial tissuesB. Loose and Dense connective tissue

C. Bone

VII. Tissues that don’t regenerate A. Skeletal and cardiac muscle B. Nervous tissue

VIII. PATHOLOGY A. Cancer

1. Produced by cell mutation a. cancerous cells

-reproduce quickly Take away function of tissues Can metastasize (spread) to all

parts of the body 2. May produce tumors

a. benign b. malignant- can metastasize

(spread)