Why 12cHow and why upgrade now
Andy Cleverly [email protected]
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Andy Cleverly [email protected] Database TechnologyOracle EMEA Technology
Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle.
Oracle Confidential – Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 2
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Oracle 11.1(GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2(GA: Sep 2009)
Release Roadmap
AUG 2015AUG 2012
JAN 2018JAN 2015
Today
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
(GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1(GA: Jun 2013)
Sustaining Support
JAN 2018JAN 2015
JUN 2021JUN 2018
Waived Extended Extended SupportPremier Support
Oracle Database 12c Release 2Targeted for Release 1HCY2016
(MOS Note 742060.1 )
Extended Support for Oracle Database 11.2
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Database Patch Set Roadmap• Release Schedule of Current Database Releases MOS Note.742060.1
1x1x 1x1x3x3x
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
11.1.0.711.2.0.211.2.0.311.2.0.4
12.1.0.2
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
6
3
4
5
6
Oracle Database 12c (12.1.0.1)
Oracle Multitenant
• Database consolidation
• Fast Provisioning
• Manage many as one
Oracle Automatic Data Optimization
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Automatic Data Optimization
• Smart Compression
• Automate Tiering
Data Guard Far Sync
• Zero data loss over large distances
7
Oracle Database 12c (12.1.0.1)
Application Continuity
• Replay of failed transaction
Data Redaction
• Masks application data dynamically
• Transparent to application
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Transparent to application
Pattern Matching
• Sophisticated inter row pattern analysis
8
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Exploit memory to
improve
performance
Simplify access to
Big Data
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 9
Continue to
improve
consolidation
Improve
application
developers
experience
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
10
3
4
5
6
Accelerate OLTPReal Time
Analytics
No Changes to
Applications
Exploit latest
generation
hardware
Oracle Database In-Memory Goals
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
CPU
Row Format Databases vs. Column Format Databases
Row
� Transactions run faster on row format
– Example: Insert or query a sales order
– Fast processing few rows, many columns
SALES
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Until Now Must Choose One Format and Suffer Tradeoffs
Column
� Analytics run faster on column format
– Example : Report on sales totals by region
– Fast accessing few columns, many rows
SALES
12
Oracle In-Memory Columnar Technology
• Pure in-memory column format
• Not persistent, and no logging
• Quick to change data: fast OLTP
2x to 20x compression
Pure In-Memory Columnar
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• 2x to 20x compression
• Enabled at table or partition level
• Available on all hardware platforms
13
SALES
Scans Billions of Rows per Second per CPU Core
• Each CPU core scans local in-memory columns
• Scans use fast SIMD vector instructions
CPU
Memory
RE
GIO
N
Example:Find all salesin region of CA
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
instructions
• Originally designed for graphics & science
• Billions of rows/sec scan rate per CPU core
14
Ve
cto
r R
eg
iste
r
Loadmultipleregion values
VectorCompare all valuesan 1 cycle
CPUCA
CA
CA
CA
> 100x Faster
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
15
3
4
5
6
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)Flexible Schema development
JSON
Oracle Database 12c
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
JSON
JSONVia RESTful service
Via Native APIsData persisted in database
In JSON
SQL
Data analyzed via SQL
Querying JSON
{
"firstName": "John",“lastName”: "Smith","age": 25,"address": {
select
c.document.firstName,
c.document.lastName,
c.document.address.city,
Simplified
syntax for
simple queries
Sample JSON in column customers.document
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
"address": {"streetAddress": "21 2nd Street","city": "New York","state": "NY","postalCode": "10021“,"isBusiness" : false},
"phoneNumbers": [{ "type": "home",
"number": "212 555-1234“ },{ "type": "fax",
"number": "646 555-4567“ } ]
}
c.document.address.city,
c.document.phoneNumbers
from customers c;
simple queries
Oracle REST Data ServicesEnabling RESTful access to Oracle Database
• Provides data access consistent with modern App Dev frameworks• Can map standard http(s) URI RESTful gets and posts to SQL
• Can declaratively returns results in JSON format
• JavaScript framework friendly
• Can support high numbers of end users
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Can support high numbers of end users
• Services• HTTP(s) relational data access
• Oracle JSON collection based schemaless access
• Oracle NoSQL access over HTTP
• Oracle APEX mid-tier, web toolkit applications, mod_plsql replacement
• Formally known as Oracle APEX Listener
• Supported feature of the Oracle Database since 2010
• Ships with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle REST Data ServicesSchemaless development using JSON Collection API (12.1.0.2)
URI
Oracle REST Data Services
JSON Collection API Auto Generated SQL
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Data stored in Oracle Database as JSON documents
• App Developer make standard HTTP(S) calls to JSON Collection APIs
Oracle DatabaseHTTP(S) client
Transform JSONPass BackJSON
Oracle REST Data Services Serving JSON results from relational data
URI
Oracle REST Data Services
Map and Bind SQL
Transform SQL Result SetTransform to JSONJSON
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle DatabaseHTTP(S) client
Transform SQL Result SetTransform to JSONJSON
� Data stored in standard relational tables and columns
� Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) Developer defines URI<>SQL mapping
� App Developer calls named URI over HTTP(S) gets and posts
Oracle REST Data ServicesServing JSON results with Oracle NoSQL Database (ORDS 3.1)
URI
Oracle REST Data Services
NoSQL API Key-Value Lookup
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
� Oracle REST Data Services provides HTTP(s) access to Oracle NoSQL
� Oracle NoSQL is embedded within ORDS and can also access remote DB
Oracle NoSQL
Database
HTTP(S) client
Transform JSONPass BackJSON
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
23
3
4
5
6
SQL is Critical
“….the complexity of dealing with a non-ACID data store in every part of our business logic would be too great, and there was simply no way our business could function without SQL queries.”
“[Facebook] started in the Hadoopworld. We are now bringing in relational to enhance that. ... [we] realized that using the wrong technology for certain kinds of problems can be difficult.”
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
our business could function without SQL queries.”
Google, VLDB 2013
technology for certain kinds of problems can be difficult.”
Ken Rudin, Facebook, TDWI 2013
24
http://tdwi.org/articles/2013/05/06/facebooks-relational-platform.aspxhttps://www.linkedin.com/groups/Find-out-why-Google-decided-4434815.S.273792742
Run the Business� Scale-out and scale-up
Relational
Oracle Support for Any Data Management System
Hadoop
Change the Business
� Scale-out, low cost store
NoSQL
Scale the Business
� Scale-out, low cost store
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
� Scale-out and scale-up
� Collect any data
� SQL
� Transactional and analytic
applications for the enterprise
� Secure and highly available
25
� Scale-out, low cost store
� Collect any data
� Map-reduce, SQL
� Analytic applications
� Scale-out, low cost store
� Collect key-value data
� Find data by key
� Web applications
Overcoming Barriers to Adoption of New Technologies
INTEGRATION SKILLS SECURITY
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Confidential 26
EngineeredSystems
SQL onAll Data
Database Security on
All Data
SQL
Oracle Big Data SQL
One fast SQL query, on all your data.
Oracle SQL on Hadoop and beyond
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Oracle Confidential – Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 27
Oracle SQL on Hadoop and beyond
• With a Smart Scan service as in Exadata
• With native SQL operators
• With the security and certainty of Oracle Database
Accessing Big Data Without SQL Push Down
Request for Data
Select w.sess_id,w.cust_id,w.page_id
From web_logs wWhere w.source_country = ‘Brazil’And w.category = ‘TV’And w.channel = ‘Mobile’
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 28
Hadoop Cluster
All columns and rows from thetable are returned
100’s of Terabytes of DataWEB_LOGS
Low utilization ofavailable resources
High load ondatabase server
Big Data SQL Push DownWith SQL Push Down
Select w.sess_id,w.cust_id,w.page_id
From web_logs wWhere w.source_country = ‘Brazil’And w.category = ‘TV’And w.channel = ‘Mobile’
SQL shipped to BDA
Big Data SQL Server
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 29
WEB_LOGS
10’s of Gigabytes of Data
Only columns and rows needed toanswer query are returned
Good utilization ofavailable resources.SQL executed on Hadoop cluster
Lower load on Server,Faster response
Hadoop Cluster
Big Data SQL Push DownWith SQL Push Down
Select w.sess_id,w.cust_id,w.page_id,c.name
From web_logs w, customers cWhere w.source_country = ‘Brazil’And w.category = ‘TV’And w.channel = ‘Mobile’And c.customer_id = w.cust_id
SQL shipped to BDA
Big Data SQL Server
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 30
WEB_LOGS
10’s of Gigabytes of Data
Only columns and rows needed toanswer query are returned
Good utilization ofavailable resources.SQL executed on Hadoop cluster
Data joined betweenCUSTOMERS and
WEB_LOGS on server
Hadoop Cluster
CUSTOMERS
Big Data SQL Push DownWith SQL Push Down
Select w.sess_id,w.cust_id,w.page_id,c.name
From web_logs w, customers cWhere w.source_country = ‘Brazil’And w.category = ‘TV’And w.channel = ‘Mobile’And c.customer_id = w.cust_id
SQL shipped to BDA
Big Data SQL ServerSQL Push Downs supported by Big Data SQL
• Hadoop scans (InputFormat, SerDe)• JSON parsing
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 31
WEB_LOGS
10’s of Gigabytes of Data
Only columns and rows needed toanswer query are returned
Good utilization ofavailable resources.SQL executed on Hadoop cluster
Data joined betweenCUSTOMERS and
WEB_LOGS on server
Hadoop Cluster
CUSTOMERS
• Hadoop scans (InputFormat, SerDe)• JSON parsing• WHERE clause evaluation• Column projection• Bloom filters for faster join
New Data Sources for Oracle External Tables
CREATE TABLE web_logs
(click VARCHAR2(4000))
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL
( TYPE ORACLE_HIVE
DEFAULT DIRECTORY Dir1
ACCESS PARAMETERS
(
• New set of properties
– ORACLE_HIVE and ORACLE_HDFS access drivers
– Identify a Hadoop cluster, data source, column mapping, error handling, overflow handling,
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 32
(
com.oracle.bigdata.tablename logs
com.oracle.bigdata.cluster mycluster)
)
REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED
mapping, error handling, overflow handling, logging
• New table metadata passed from Oracle DDL to Hadoop readers at query execution
• Architected for extensibility
– StorageHandler capability enables future support for other data sources
– Examples: MongoDB, HBase, Oracle NoSQL DB
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
33
3
4
5
6
Oracle MultitenantNew architecture for consolidating databases and simplifying operations
ERP CRM
DW Self-contained PDB for each application• Applications run unchanged
• Rapid provisioning (via clones)
• Portability (via pluggability)
Common operations performed at CDB
level
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 34
Shared memory and background
processes• More applications per server
Common operations performed at CDB
level• Manage many as one (upgrade, HA, backup)
• Granular control when appropriate
20
25
Time Taken to Provision New Database
Multitenant Provides Agility for New ProjectsFast Provisioning, Snapshot Clones
OriginalPDB Clone
of PDB
Snapshot Clone of PDB
SeedPDB New PDB
From Seed
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
0
5
10
15
20
Non CDB PDB Snapshot Clone
35
GL-2GL GL-3
Clone of PDB
New
Multitenant for ProvisioningFast cloning of PDBs
GL-2GL-1 AP-1 AP-2 PO-1
• PDBs can be cloned from
remote CDBs
• PDBs can be cloned from
within the same CDB
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 36
GL OE AP PO
remote CDBs
• Thinly provision snapshot
clones in seconds
• PDBs can be cloned from
non-CDBs
Multitenant Cloning – Types and Platforms
Mu
ltit
en
an
t C
lon
ing
Mu
ltit
en
an
t C
lon
ing Full ClonesFull Clones Supported on all platformsSupported on all platforms
Source in Read-only if child exists
Source in Read-only if child exists
File System Agnostic (CloneDB=TRUE)
File System Agnostic (CloneDB=TRUE)
Exadata Sparse clonesExadata Sparse clones
Metadata Only cloneMetadata Only clone
Subset CloneSubset Clone
Flavors Types
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 37
Mu
ltit
en
an
t C
lon
ing
Mu
ltit
en
an
t C
lon
ing
Snapshot clonesSnapshot clones
Copy-on-write - Source opened in read write after
clone is created
Copy-on-write - Source opened in read write after
clone is created
ACFSACFS
ZFSSAZFSSA
NetappNetapp
EMCEMC
Snapshot clone syntax:create pluggable database PDB2 from PDB1 snapshot copy
Remote Clone over DB link
Remote Clone over DB link
Copy-on-Write Basics
• File is collection of data blocks
• And headers
• Copy file requires only copy of header
Much more efficient storage of substantially similar filesmy_file
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Copy file requires only copy of header
– Much more efficient storage
– Minimal IO to create copy
• Only copy block when changedmy_file_copy
cp my_file my_file_copy
Multitenant New Features in 12.1.0.2
• Subset by tablespace
• Metadata-only clone
• Remote clone (including snapshots)
• File system-agnostic cloning via dNFS (clonedb = true)
• New SQL clause to aggregate data across PDBs
select ENAME from containers(scott.EMP)where CON_ID in (45, 49);
Cloning
SQL
Cross PDB Queries
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
dNFS (clonedb = true)
• New “standbys” clause
• (all | none)
• Nologging clause at PDB level
• Flashback data archive
• Temporal SQL Support
• Compatible with DB In-Memory
• Maintains state of PDBs between CDB restarts
39
Cloning Cross PDB Queries
Standby & Logging
PRIMARY STANDBY
AdditionalFeatures
Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2)
Oracle Database 12c Overview
Oracle Database In-Memory
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
1
2
3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c for the Developer
Oracle Database 12c for Big Data
Oracle Multitenant
Other Improvements
40
3
4
5
6
Performance Improvements
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 41
Advanced Index Compression
• Compresses indexes to reduce their overall storage requirement
– Less space required on disk
– Better use of the database cache
• Indexes are compressed by between 1 – 3 times
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 42
• Indexes are compressed by between 1 – 3 times
• Little or no discernable overhead
• Compression Advisor extended to describe the possible benefits of this feature
Attribute ClusteringOrdering of data so that rows are stored near one another based on column values
• Improved query performance and concurrency
– Reduced physical data access trough smart IO
– Significant IO reduction for highly selective operations
Benefits :
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
– Significant IO reduction for highly selective operations
• Optimized space utilization
– Less need for indexes
– Improved compression ratios through data clustering
• Full application transparency
– Any application will benefit
43
Zone MapsPersisted storage index
• Stores minimum and maximum of specified columns
• Analogous to a coarse index structure
– Much more compact than an index
– Zone maps filter out what you don’t need, indexes find what you do need
X
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
– Zone maps filter out what you don’t need, indexes find what you do need
• Significant performance benefits with complete application transparency
– IO reduction for table scans with predicates on the table itself or even a joined table using join zone maps (a.k.a. “hierarchical zone map”)
• Benefits are most significant with ordered data
– Used in combination with attribute clustering or data that is naturally ordered
44
Approximate Count Distinct
• Not every query requires a completely accurate result
– “How many distinct individuals visited our website last week?”
• New SQL function for approximate results for COUNT DISTINCT aggregates
– APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT()
1,2,3...
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
– APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT()
• Approximate results can be significantly faster and use less resources than exact calculations
– 5x to 50x ++ times faster (depending upon number of distinct values and complexity of SQL)
– Accuracy > 97% (with 95% confidence)
45
Rapid Home Provisioning
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Rapid Home ProvisioningInstall Once Use Many
• Patching is complex and time consuming
– Even when automated
• New way to deploy upgrades
– Create reference homes on Centralized Home Server
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
– Create reference homes on Centralized Home Server
• Apply patches once (Enterprise) on Home Server
• Distribute homes on-demand or policy
– Fast and Efficient
• Rapid distribution (network efficient)
• Space efficient (snapshots)
• Local caches
47
Oracle Rapid Home Provisioning
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Database Cloud
ClusterCluster
Cluster
ClusterNFS Mount
Provisioning
Monitoring and Configuration
Capacity and Resource
Patching
Performance and Tuning
Service Level
Application
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 48
Cluster Cluster
Differential Copy
Local Gold Image
S/W Distribution
ServiceCatalog
Grid HomeServer
Application
Database
Grid
Some of Tom Kytes favourite 12c features
More online operations
Easier Reorgs
32k Strings
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
32k Strings
Application continuity
Adaptive exectution plans
SqlCL ***New***
More Online Operations
• DROP INDEX ONLINE
• DROP CONSTRAINT ONLINE
• SET UNUSED COLUMN ONLINE
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• SET UNUSED COLUMN ONLINE
• ALTER INDEX UNUSABLE ONLINE
• ALTER INDEX [VISIBLE | INVISIBLE]
Easier Reorgs
• Move table tablespaces
• Move index tablespaces
• Move lob tablespaces
In a single command you canI
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Move lob tablespaces
• Implement table compression
• Implement index key compression
• Implement lob compression
• Convert to securelfile
Easier Reorgs
ops$tkyte%ORA12CR1> begin2 dbms_redefinition.redef_table3 ( uname => user,4 tname => 'T',5 table_compression_type => 'row store compress advanced',6 table_part_tablespace => 'TEST' );7 end;8 /
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
8 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
32k Strings
• Varchar2, NVarchar2 and Raw datatypes may be upto 32k in size, like in PL/SQL
• Compatible = 12.0.0.0 or higher
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Max_String_Size init.ora set to EXTENDED (default is not this)
• Not supported in clustered and index organized tables
• Will be stored out of line (LOB) but work just like long strings to your program
Transaction GuardFIRST RDBMS to preserve COMMIT outcome
• Known outcome for every
transaction
• At-most-once transaction execution
• Used by Application Continuity
• Available for JDBC-thin, OCI, OCCI,
1. Request
2. Calls
5. Guaranteed Outcome
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• Available for JDBC-thin, OCI, OCCI,
ODP.net
Without Transaction Guard, retries
can cause logical corruption
Oracle Database 12c Release 1
2. Calls
3. FAN or errors
4. Enforce Outcome
54
Application ContinuityFirst RDBMS to mask planned/unplanned outages
• Improves end user experience
• Improves developer productivity
• Application transparent when
using Oracle stack
1. Request
2. Calls
5. Success
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
using Oracle stack
• Enabled with WebLogic Server,
Peoplesoft, Fusion Apps,
Siebel(possibly)
2. Calls
4. Replay
Oracle Database 12c Release 1
3. FAN or errors
Adaptive Execution Plans
HJ
Table scan
T2
Table scan
T1
NL
Index Scan
T2
Threshold exceeded, plan switches
Table scan
T1
HJ
Table scan
T2
� Plan decision deferred until
runtime
� Final decision is based on
statistics collected during
execution
If statistics prove to be out of
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
T1 T2
� If statistics prove to be out of
range, sub-plans can be swapped
� Bad effects of skew eliminated
� We release Oracle Database version 5
� The client-server model is born
� And a little program makes it debutIwith roots going back to 1982
Time to turn back the clock a bit…to 1985
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
SQL*Plus?
Statement completion?
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Statement completion?
SqlCL
SQL History?
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
SQL History?
SqlCL
Upgrade/Migrate Older Oracle Releases
Oracle 8i
Less
Downtime?
Oracle 5/6/7/8Near-Zero
Downtime?
exp/imp
Transportable
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle 9i
Oracle 10.1
Oracle 9.2
Transportable
TablespacesSame platform only Golden Gate+
Upgrade Options to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle 11.1
Less
Downtime?Oracle 10.2
Near-Zero
Downtime?
Logical
StandbyGolden
+
Transient
Standby
expdp/impdp
catctl.pl
DBUA HWHW
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle 11.2.0.2
Oracle 11.2.0.3/4
Transportable
Tablespaces
StandbyGolden
Gate+
Full Transportable
Export/Import
RMAN Inc
Bck+
catctl.pl
Migration Options to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle 11.1
Less
Downtime?Oracle 10.2
Near-Zero
Downtime?
Golden +
expdp/impdp
SQL*Loader
CTAS, COPY
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle 11.2.0.1/2
Oracle 11.2.0.3/4
Golden
Gate+
Full Transportable
Export/Import
RMAN Inc
Bck+
Transportable
Tablespaces
Transportable
Tablespaces
SQL*Loader
TDB Only same
Endianness
Concept Transportable Tablespaces
expdp "'"sys/sys as sysdba"'" …
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES=TS1,TS2 …
impdpimpdp "'"sys/sys as "'"sys/sys as sysdbasysdba"'"… "'"…
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES=…TRANSPORT_DATAFILES=…
• TTS feature available since Oracle 8i
• Cross platform support since Oracle 10g
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle 10.2.0.4IBM AIX
48 hrs
75TB
Oracle 11.2.0.4OL5.8 64bit
75TB
Self Contained?
Read Only
Read Write
Concept Transportable Tablespaces xTTS
LITTLE ENDIAN PLATFORMS
HP IA Open VMSHP Open VMS BIG ENDIAN PLATFORMS
• Cross platform support– V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
HP Open VMSHP Tru64 UNIX
Linux IA (32-bit)Linux IA (64-bit)Linux x86 64-bit
Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)Microsoft Windows x86 64-bitMicrosoft Windows IA (32-bit)
Solaris Operating System (x86)
Solaris Operating System (x86-64)
BIG ENDIAN PLATFORMS
Apple Mac OS
HP-UX (64-bit)HP-UX IA (64-bit)
AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)IBM zSeries Based LinuxIBM Power Based Linux
Solaris[tm] OE (32-bit)Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
FILE
COPY
RMANRMAN
CONVERTCONVERT FILE
COPY
Upgrade/Migration: Transportable Tablespaces
DESTINATION Database 11.2.0.4SOURCE Database 10.2.0.4
Rebuild meta information(views, synonyms, trigger, roles etc)
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
DESTINATION Database 11.2.0.4
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDO
TEMP
SCOT
T
HUGO
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
SOURCE Database 10.2.0.4
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDO
TEMP
SCOT
T
HUGO
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
Read Only
Speed Up Transportable Tablespaces
• Usually the biggest pain points with TTS
– Downtime due to:
• Duration to copy very large amounts of data
• Duration to convert many tablespaces cross Endianness
New technique: Avoid the copy & convert phase
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• New technique: Avoid the copy & convert phase
– RMAN can convert incremental backups cross platform
• Available since Oracle 11.2.0.3 for Exadata only
• Available for Linux x86-64 with Oracle 11.2.0.4
• Available on all platforms starting with Oracle 12c
• See MOS Note:1389592.1 for description and Linux perl scripts
Transportable Tablespace with Incremental Backups
DESTINATION Database 11.2.0.4SOURCE Database 10.2.0.5
Convert and apply Convert and apply
backupsbackups
expdp "'"sys/sys as sysdba"'" …
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACES=TS1,TS2 …
impdpimpdp "'"sys/sys as "'"sys/sys as sysdbasysdba"'"… "'"…
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES=…TRANSPORT_DATAFILES=…
Downtime!!!
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
DESTINATION Database 11.2.0.4
SCOT
T
HUGO
SOURCE Database 10.2.0.5
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
SCOT
T
HUGO
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTEMP
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTEMP
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
Data Pump
Read Only
Read Write
Full Transportable Export/Import
• Combining:
– Transportable Tablespaces with
– Data Pump taking care of all meta information with optional
– RMAN incremental backups to decrease downtime
• One Command Migrationimpdp … VERSION=12 FULL=Y TRANSPORTABLE=ALWAYS …
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
• One Command Migration
• This works:
– Cross platform
– With or without Oracle Multitenant
– Source can be Oracle 11.2.0.3/4 or newer
– Target must be at least Oracle 12.1.0.1
impdp … VERSION=12 FULL=Y TRANSPORTABLE=ALWAYS …
Full Transportable Export/Import with Copies
DESTINATION Database 12.1.0.1SOURCE Database 11.2.0.3
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
DESTINATION Database 12.1.0.1
SCOT
T
HUGO
SOURCE Database 11.2.0.3
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
SCOT
T
HUGO
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDO
TEMP
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDO
TEMP
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
Data Pump
Read Only
Full Transportable Export/Import with Backups
DESTINATION Database 12.1.0.1SOURCE Database 11.2.0.3
Convert and apply Convert and apply
backupsbackups
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
DESTINATION Database 12.1.0.1
SCOT
T
HUGO
SOURCE Database 11.2.0.3
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
SCOT
T
HUGO
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTEMP
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
UNDOTEMP
VIEWSVIEWS
CODECODE
PRIVSPRIVS
Data Pump
Read Only
Summary
• Oracle Database 12c (12.1.0.2) will have premier support into 2018
• Upgrading to Oracle Database 12c gets you lots of new features
• Oracle Database 12c is stable and in production at customers worldwide
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Resources
• Download slides from:
–http://blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Oracle Database 12c New Features Guide
• http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16655_01/server.121/e17906/toc.htm
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
Copyright © 2014 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Oracle Confidential – Internal/Restricted/Highly Restricted 74