WHY COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?.
The Latin American experience.
CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International RelationsResearch School of Social Science – [email protected]
14 February 2014
TOTAL ODA
2
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
Net O
DA -
Cons
tant
201
1 US
D
billio
n
Source: DAC-OECD
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
SHARE OF WORLD’S POOR
3
Source: Gertz and Chandy (2011, Brookings Institution)
World Bank data
73.5%
26.5%
2005
34.1%
65.9%
2010
g Low-income countries g Middle-income countries
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
OUTLINEI. Background.
II. Typology of ODA based on motivations.
III. Emerging donors development assistance policies: the Latin American experience.
• Origins of development cooperation• Donors• Drivers of development cooperation policies• Latin American south-south cooperation in practice
4Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
5
TYPOLOGY OF ODA BY DONORS’ MOTIVATIONS
a. Political – diplomaticb. Military – securityc. Humanitariand. Altruist or developmental e. Economic – commercialf. Culturalg. Prestige
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
NEW DONORS… SAME OLD PRACTICES?
Are development assistance policies of emerging donors driven by similar motivations as those of traditional
donors?
6Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
GLOBAL ODA SHARE
7
Source: Park (2011, Brookings Institution)
2%
98%
199512%
88%
2008
20%
80%
2020
g Traditional (DAC) donors g New donors (ODA-like flows)
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
ORIGINS DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION IN LATIN AMERICA• CEPAL school of thought
• ISI model
• Shared history and cultural heritage
• Joint front against foreign intervention
• Challenge US hegemony
8Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
LATIN AMERICAN DONORS
9
• Cuba• Venezuela• Colombia• Chile• Brazil• Mexico
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
10
LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
a. Promote regional integration
b. Preserve regional autonomy
c. Self – reaffirmation
d. Consolidate regional and global leadership
e. Achieve self-sufficiency
11
LA DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION DRIVERS
f. Obtain non-alignment
g. Protect national sovereignty
h. Promote regional solidarity
i. Leverage in international negotiations
j. Self – legitimisation Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience
LATIN AMERICAN SSC IN PRACTICE• Limited participation of non-government
actors.
• Mixed positions related on adhering to DAC guidelines.
• Behaviour and language
• Modalities
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 12
FINAL REMARKS• Development assistance has became an instrument
to pursuit objectives unique to emerging donors.
• Latin America’s SSC displays common traits to emerging donors in other regions.
• Better understanding of new donors can only be beneficial for better dialogue and engagement among all parts involved in the aid regime.
Why countries offer development assistance? The LA experience 13
WHY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OFFER DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE?.
The Latin American experience.
CARMEN ROBLEDO School of Politics and International RelationsResearch School of Social Science – [email protected]
14 February 2014
