WHY DO YOU FEEL SICK WHEN YOU ARE SICK?

pathogen

OUTBREAKS, EPIDEMICS, &

PANDEMICS

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yToii3-p-NI (the sneeze)

when a disease

occurs in more

people than

expected in a

community or

region.

TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW: OUTBREAK

http://www.who.int/csr/don/en/ / (WHO)

http://www.cdc.gov/outbreaks/index.html (CDC)

http://www.cdc.gov/CDCTV/RespondOutbreaks/index.html

(video)

October 2012 - strawberries imported from China were thought to be contaminated with norovirus. More than 11,000 students were sickened throughout eastern German, with 32 requiring hospitalization. About 500 schools were involved in the outbreak of this norovirus, which is the leading cause of stomach flu.

Transmission?

Same as an

outbreak except the

percentage of overall

deaths caused by the

disease is higher OR

the number infected

dramatically

increases from one

year to the next in an

epidemic.

TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW: EPIDEMIC

epidemic of severe acute respiratory

syndrome (SARS) in 2003, sickened

about 8,098 people and led to about

774 deaths in 29 countries.

(Transmission: direct/indirect/possible

airborne)

Washington State Secretary of

Health declared a pertussis (whooping

cough) epidemic on April 3, 2012 after

a 1,300% increase in cases were

reported compared with 2011 .

(Transmission: direct/indirect)

A

pandemic

is a global

disease

outbreak.

TERMS YOU SHOULD KNOW: PANDEMIC

1918 Spanish Flu (Virus)

DNA mutated into something more

virulent.

particularly deadly in 20 to 35 year

olds.

First reported case in Kansas

estimated up to 40% of the world's

population was infected – killing 20 to

50 million people.

(Transmission: direct/indirect)

(Rosenburg 2012)

REVIEW QUESTIONS

What factors may determine if a person

who is exposed to a pathogen will

actually become ill?

Why do outbreaks or epidemics end?

E B O L A O U T B R E A K 2 0 1 4

Describe the microbe that causes Ebola

What is the mortality rate? Show your calculations.

Why is this considered an outbreak? When did the outbreak start?

Why is Ebola primarily found in Africa?

What is the transmission vector?

Identify the source of the pathogen (ground zero) and describe the

mode of transmission.

Describe how health care workers protect themselves from exposure

to Ebola.

Describe what countries are doing to reduce the risk of transmission.

STAY FLU FREE CAMPAIGN

Design a poster that will encourage students (and

teachers) • Cover mouth and nose appropriately when coughing

or sneezing• Wash hands properly – especially after using the

restroom• Include flu stats and transmission information

• http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/ • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/keyfacts.htm • http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pastseasons/1112season.htm

(US stats)

Works Cited •"2009 Flu Pandemic." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Nov. 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_flu_pandemic>. •"Chinese Strawberries Sickened Thousands of German Students." Food Safety News. N.p., 9 Oct. 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/10/german-students-got-sick-on-chinese-strawberries/>. •"Families Fighting Flu." Families Fighting Flu Resources Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.familiesfightingflu.org/resources/>. •"FAQ: Methods of Disease Transmission." Mount Sinai Hospital Department of Microbiology, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2012. <http://microbiology.mtsinai.on.ca/faq/transmission.shtml>. •"Frozen Strawberries Linked to 11,000 Food Poisoning Norovirus Illnesses in Germany." Food Poisoning Bulletin. N.p., 6 Oct. 2012. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://foodpoisoningbulletin.com/2012/frozen-strawberries-linked-to-11000-food-poisoning-norovirus-illnesses-in-germany/>. •Koerner, Brendan. "Whether It's Time to Freak about the Flu." Slate Magazine. N.p., 19 Dec. 2003. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/explainer/2003/12/outbreaks_vs_epidemics.html>. •Rosenburg, Jennifer. "1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic." About.com 20th Century History. N.p., 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013. <http://history1900s.about.com/od/1910s/p/spanishflu.htm>.•"OUTBREAK: An Infectious Disease Role-playing Activity." Howard Hughes Medical Institute, n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2012. <http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/disease/pdf/outbreak.pdf>.