Why Oxy/Fuel?

A Superior Method of Firing

COMBUSTION TEC

O2/Methane Reaction

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O + Heat

COMBUSTION TEC

Air/Methane Reaction

CH4 + 2O2 + 8N2 = CO2 + 2H2O + 8N2 + (1000 BTU)

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Tri-Atomic Atmosphere TransfersHeat Better Than Di-Atomic

COMBUSTION TEC

Environmental ConcernsFacing Industry

• Emissions• Permitting• Repeatability of Reporting

COMBUSTION TEC

Air-Fired Environmental Results

• High NOx

• High Firing Rates• High Fuel Consumption• Problems with Repeatability

COMBUSTION TEC

Oxy-Fired Environmental Results

• Low NOx

• Lower Firing Rates• Lower Fuel Consumption• Stable Repeatability

COMBUSTION TEC

Exhaust Differences

COMBUSTION TEC

Oxy/Fuel Produces Less Volume

COMBUSTION TEC

Examples

Exhaust Volumes @ 1 Million BTU/HR

Air/Gas - - 11,000 CU.FT. Produced

COMBUSTION TEC

Examples

Exhaust Volumes @ 1 Million BTU/HR

Oxy/Gas - - 3000 CU.FT. Produced

COMBUSTION TEC

Exhaust Breakdown

Air/Gas

CO2 - - - 8% - - - 880 CU. FT. ProducedH2O - - - 16% - - 1760 CU. FT. ProducedNOx - - - 75% - - 8250 CU. FT. Produced

COMBUSTION TEC

Exhaust Breakdown

Oxy/Gas

CO2 - - - 30% - - - 900 CU. FT. ProducedH2O - - - 66% - - - 1980 CU. FT. Produced

NOx - - 3% - - - 90 CU. FT. Produced 99% LESS !

COMBUSTION TEC

Advantages of Less Exhaust

• Smaller Exhaust System• Less Capital• Less Cost in Post Cleaning (if Necessary)

COMBUSTION TEC

Why Oxy/Fuel Summary

• Faster Heat Up• High Luminosity Generated from Flame• Tri-Atomic Atmosphere• Higher Heat Transfer• Highest Level of Radiation Available• Low NOx

• Reduced Exhaust Volumes

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® SeriesOxy-Fuel Burners

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Burners

• Produces a conventional shape flame• Currently in use in 50 furnaces worldwide

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Burners

• Design Features– High flame luminosity– Adjustable flame shape– Adjustable flame momentum– Low emissions (NOx and particulate)– Multi-fuel capabilities (natural gas and fuel oils)– No maintenance design

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 SeriesOxygen-Gas Burner

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 SeriesOxygen-Gas Burner 2-8 MM Btu/hr Capacity Burner

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series BurnerCombustion Tec Lab Firing

Oxygen-Gas Firing at 3.5 MM Btu/hr

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Oxy-Gas Burners Visible Flame Length (feet)

Combustion Tec and Field Oxygen-Gas Firing DataVarious Burner Sizes and Tips

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1 2 4 6 8 10 14 18 20Firing Rate (MM Btu/hr)

C

5 68

10

13

15

20

2324

COMBUSTION TEC

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Oxy

gen

Pre

ssu

re a

t Bu

rner

(IW

C)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Firing Rate (MMBtu/Hr)

Oxy-Gas Primefire® 100 Burner1-4 MMBtu/Hr Natural Gas

COMBUSTION TEC

0

2

4

6

8

10

Nat

ura

l Gas

Pre

ssu

re a

t Bu

rner

(IW

C)

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Firing Rate (MMBtu/Hr)

Oxy-Gas Primefire® 100 Burner1-4 MMBtu/Hr Natural Gas

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurners

• Dual fuel design• Variable momentum• Variable flame• Better heat distribution than higher velocity burners

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurners

2-8 MM Btu/hr capacity burner

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurners

Visible Flame Length (feet) Combustion Tec and Field Oxygen-Oil Firing Data

Various Burner Sizes and Tips

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Firing Rate (MM Btu/hr)

C

4

6

7.5

910

10.511

12

13.5

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurner

Oxygen-Oil Firing at 3 MM Btu/hr

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-GasBurner

Firing in a Fiberglass Furnace

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Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurner

Firing in a Fiberglass Furnace

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Primefire® 300 Series Burners

• New generation oxy-fuel burners• Produce fish-tail or fan-shaped flame• Flat flame by momentum shaping• Higher luminosity than round-flame oxygen-

fuel burners

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series Burners

• Wider and longer flame than round-flameoxygen burners

• Increased flame radiation• Adjustable flame shape

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 SeriesBurner Design

• Flat flame is generated by streamwiseconditioning of both fuel and oxygen in aconverging and diverging burner body

• Patented precombustor creates a veryluminous and low momentum flame

Flat Flame by Momentum Shaping

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series Burners

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 SeriesOxygen-Gas Burner

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series Oxygen-GasBurner

Oxygen-Gas Firing at 3.5 MM Btu/hr

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series Oxygen-GasBurner

Oxygen-Gas Firing at 3.6 MM Btu/hr

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Primefire® 300 Series Oxygen-GasBurner

Oxygen-Gas Firing at 4.6 MM Btu/hr

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series Oxygen-GasBurner Field Trial

Oxygen-Gas Firing at 8.0 MM Btu/hr

COMBUSTION TEC

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pre

ssur

e @

Bur

ner

(IWC

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 Firing Rate (MM Btu/Hr)

Primefire® 300 Series Oxygen-Gas0.75 to 3.00 MM; 2" O2 & 2" Gas Inlets

Oxygen

Gas

COMBUSTION TEC

0

2

4

6

8

10

Vis

ible

Fla

me

Len

gth

(Fee

t)

Vis

ible

Fla

me

Wid

th (F

eet)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Firing Rate (MM Btu/Hr)

Primefire® 300 Oxygen-Gas0.75-3.00 MM; Unsealed Lab Firing

+1Flush-1/2

Length

Width

+1

Flush-1/2

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5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fla

me

Co

vera

ge

(ft^

2)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Firing Rate (MMBtu/Hr)

2-8 MMBtu/Hr Primefire® 300 Oxy-GasFlame Coverage

Primefire® 300

Primefire® 100

Adjustability

COMBUSTION TEC

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Hea

t Flu

x M

eter

Rea

ding

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Firing Rate (MMBtu/Hr)

2-8 MMBtu/Hr Primefire® 300 Oxy-GasRadiation Measurements

Primefire® 300

Primefire® 100

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series BurnerSummary

• Gas and oil firing capabilities• Lower flame momentum• Adjustable flame shape• Lower peak flame temperatures• Higher flame radiation• Lower fuel and oxygen pressures• Enhanced flame coverage• Minimum maintenance

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 300 Series BurnerAdvantages

• Fuel savings due to increased radiation• Lower oxygen consumption• Higher flame radiation• Lower crown temperatures• Improved control• Improved productivity

COMBUSTION TEC

Oxygen and GasControl Equipment

COMBUSTION TEC

Oxygen Concerns

• Safety• Supply• Metering• Control• Training

COMBUSTION TEC

Gas and Oxygen Metering andFlow Control Train

COMBUSTION TEC

Main Gas Train

COMBUSTION TEC

Main Oxygen and Natural GasSafety Trains

COMBUSTION TEC

Oxygen-Gas Boosting Train

COMBUSTION TEC

Primefire® 100 Series Oxygen-OilBurners and Burner Accessory

Panels

COMBUSTION TEC

Metering Flow ControlsInstallation - Heavy Fuel Oil

COMBUSTION TEC

Heavy Fuel Oil Pipe Train

COMBUSTION TEC

Circulating Pump Skid

COMBUSTION TEC

Steam Booster Heater

COMBUSTION TEC

Oil Suction Heater - Heavy OilPreheat System

COMBUSTION TEC

Mixing Station

COMBUSTION TEC

Main Instrumentation ControlStation