Date post: | 19-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Central to Psychology
See a behavior
Looting in New Orleans
Why did they do that?
Hungry?
Taking advantage of situation?
Investigate the causes for action.
Opportunity
Suspect in the same location.
No alibi.
Eye witness who saw the suspect at location.
Red and white Ferrari
Intervention
How should we help them stop?
Just tell them to not to do it.
Problem with just say no?
Doesn’t deal with underlying reason
Offer alternatives
Reward for doing alternatives.
For those who become addicted
Drugs rule their lives.
Lose motivation for other activities.
Choices narrow.
Loss of family, job, home.
Yet some reach a turning point.
Decide to quit.
Filling the void
Loss of addiction leaves huge void.
Must fill the void in order to feel whole.
Fellowship of others: AA, CA, GA
Spirituality
“AA not about staying sober. It’s about finding a new way to live.”
Addiction and Grace
Define Motivation
Study of those processes that give behavior its energy and direction.
Energy: strength to start and complete task
Direction: purpose, aimed at achieving goal
Internal Needs
Biological needs:
Essential to sustain life (food, water)
Psychological needs
Achievement, mastery
Social needs
Belonging to groups
Cognitive Needs
Mental events (thoughts)
Beliefs and expectations
Ways of evaluating failures and successes
Example: Do well on first test.
Good study habits or luck?
Emotions
Provide the fuel for action
Emote: brings about actions
Best plans of little use unless you carry them out.
Emotional intelligence: knowing yourself and other people
External events
Provide the reason for motivation
Incentives for action
Incentive are useful
help direct behavior
Allow us to direct the behavior of others
Training our puppyNew puppy grabs my pencil and chews it to bits.I offer dog treat.He drops pencil.Puppy gets idea.Grabs anything in reach and brings it to me.Puppy blackmail.
Measuring motivation
Often wonder if people are really motivated to complete a task.Working hard or hardly working?Set goals for people.How do we know they’re working to reach those goals along the way?Seek outward measure that we can agree upon.
Three measurement categories
Behavior expressions: overtly observable
Physiological measures: polygraph
Self report: ask ‘em
Seven behavior expressions of motivation
Example: send kids out to clear snow
Effort: exertion
big scoops?
Latency: delay before starting
now or “in a little while”?
Choice: chose one thing over another
shoveling or snow men?
Behavior expressions (cont)
Persistence: stay with task
finish job?
Probability of response: take advantage of every opportunity
shovel before you even ask (WOW)
Facial expressions (pleasure or anger)
Bodily gestures (fist or high fives)
Another example: exercising
Effort
Latency
Persistence
Choice
Probability of response
Facial expressions
Bodily gestures
Physiological measures
Measure emotionPolygraphStress responseHeart rate, sweat, respirationIndicate an emotional responseBlood pressure Pupil size
Response of Pupil
Pupil dilates if interested in something or someone
Pupil constricts if you are not.
Lighting conditions must be constant.