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Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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15/01/2020 1 Ailsa Ramage Music and Phonological Awareness LPA Training 2018/19 [email protected] Aims To increase understanding of skills progression in music at Early Level To raise awareness of the wider benefits of music in Early Years To increase understanding of links between music and early literacy development To explore practical activities for developing music skills at Early Level To explore approaches to developing literacy through music To increase staff confidence in the delivery of music in Early Years establishments Why teach music?
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Page 1: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

15/01/2020

1

Ailsa Ramage

Music and Phonological Awareness

LPA Training

2018/19

[email protected]

Aims

• To increase understanding of skills progression in music at Early Level

• To raise awareness of the wider benefits of music in Early Years

• To increase understanding of links between music and early literacy development

• To explore practical activities for developing music skills at Early Level

• To explore approaches to developing literacy through music

• To increase staff confidence in the delivery of music in Early Years establishments

Why teach music?

Page 2: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Principles and Practice - Key aims of learning in the Expressive Arts

Learning in, through and about the expressive arts enables children and young to:

• Be creative and express themselves in different ways

• Experience enjoyment and contribute to other people’s enjoyment through creative and

expressive performance and presentation

• Develop important skills, both those specific to the expressive arts and those which are

transferable

• Develop an appreciation of aesthetic values, identities and ideas and, for some, prepare

for advanced learning in future careers by building foundations for excellence in the

expressive arts.

(CfE Building the Curriculum 1)

What skills should we teach in music?

Pulse/beat: the ‘heart beat’ of a piece of music; a regular unit of time.

Rhythm: a pattern of sounds in time which can be long or short or of equal duration.

Pitch: the degree of highness or lowness of a sound, i.e. higher or lower notes in a melody.

Dynamics: the loud or soft passages in a piece of music.

Tempo: the speed of a piece of music.

Timbre: the tone quality of a voice or an instrument.

Elements of Music

Performance Listening Composition

Page 3: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Glasgow Music Skills Progression – Early Level

What are the wider benefits of teaching music?

Music and the Brain

“Music is a more potent instrument than any other for education” - Plato

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“The research shows there is compelling evidence

for the benefits of music education on a wide range

of skills including: listening skills which support the

development of language skills, awareness of

phonics and enhanced literacy; spatial reasoning

which supports the development of some

mathematical skills; and where musical activities

involve working in groups a wide range of personal

and social skills which also serve to enhance

overall academic attainment even when measures

of intelligence are taken into account.”

Susan Hallam – Professor of Education and Music Psychology

The wider benefits of music

Participation in musical activities can promote skills required for

literacy development:

• Vocabulary

• Speech

• Conversation – call and response

• Auditory memory and Internalising

• Sound-symbol association

• Concepts of print

• Listening

• Auditory discrimination and Phonological Awareness

Maria Kay (2013) Sound Before Symbol: Developing Literacy Through Music

Teaching Music to Improve Phonological Awareness

“Children’s level of phonemic awareness on entering school may be the single most

powerful determinant of the success he or she will experience in learning to read.”

Adams (1990)

“Phonological awareness instruction involves no print…Though phonological awareness

is an essential foundation for reading, it is a listening skill, not a reading skill.”

Hougen (2016)

“Phonological awareness is the ability to hear and play with or manipulate the sounds of

spoken language.”

Kay (2016)

Page 5: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Music and Phonological Awareness: Research Evidence

Research studies have found strong correlations between:

o Musical instruction and the ability of the brain to distinguish between rapidly changing sounds. (Gaab, 2005)

o Pitch discrimination and phonemic awareness. (Lamb & Gregory, 2003)

o Music perception, phonological awareness and early reading development. (Anvari, 2002)

o Rhythm skills and phonological segmentation skills (Moritz et al., 2013)

o The ability to recognise rhythms aurally, as well as associate rhythms with visual symbols, and improved phonemic awareness. (Gromko, 2005)

o Children who demonstrate language impairments and difficulties in processing rhythm and beat in music. (Goswami, 2016)

CfE Benchmarks - Expressive Arts (Early Level)

CfE Benchmarks – Literacy and English (Early Level)

Page 6: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Glasgow Nursery Evaluation Project

CREATE Early Years Music Programme

350 pre-school children

Youth Music Initiative Tutor

CPD for Child Development Officers

Skills Progression and Lesson Plans

Aim: To measure the impact of music skills on phonological awareness in the pre-school year

Group Music Making Activities:

Songs and rhymes, listening, creating, instruments

Develop Musical Skills:

Beat, Rhythm, Pitch, Dynamics, Tempo, Timbre

In partnership with Psychological Services and West of Scotland University

Impact

Assessments Surveys Observations

• SIMD 1 & 2 – Syllable segmentation, rhyme awareness, phoneme isolation

• Musical skills

• Participation and engagement

• Listening and following instructions

• Language and vocabulary development

Impact

EAL Teacher Comments

High level of engagement, listening to instructions, turn taking, actively listening to the

new language. Children were clearly focussed especially as programme developed

and they knew what was expected of them. Children at early stages of acquiring

English listened actively and began repeating familiar words/phrases as the weeks

progressed.

…children could be seen progressing through early stages of phonological

development i.e. listening to modelled language/words/word order/ phrases/ short

sentences (in the songs), keeping the steady beat. They followed the prompt cards

and benefitted from repetition in the songs/activities.

Page 7: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Impact

Staff Surveys: Increased practitioner knowledge, skills and confidence

• It's had a great impact. Before, I didn't have any musical training and now I have a

good understanding of beat, rhythm, syllabification and how to teach these skills

through music.

• An increase in confidence and understanding of how to deliver music in a more

educational way and better ways to assess which particular skills were gained by

the children.

• There has been a real sense of fun and joy in the delivery of the programme. Staff

were committed to the programme and really enjoyed the peer support. Staff

confidence has soared.

Music and Phonological Awareness

Musical Skills Phonological Awareness Skills

Keep a beat

Tap/clap a rhythm

Pitch discrimination

Identify instrument sounds

Respond to tempo and dynamics

Listening

Rhyme Awareness

Syllabic Awareness

Initial Sound Awareness

Glasgow CREATE Music Skills Development Programme

Singing Games and Rhymes for Tiny Tots (National Youth Choir of Scotland)

Singing Games and Rhymes for Early Years (National Youth Choir of Scotland)

Sound Before Symbol: Developing Literacy through Music (Maria Kay, 2013)

Singing Phonics Book 1 & 2 (H. MacGregor & C.Birt)

Jolly Music Big Book (C. Rowsell & D. Vinden)

The Power of Music (Hallam, 2015)

Relations among musical skills, phonological processing, and early reading ability in preschool children (Anvari, 2002)

Links between early rhythm skills, musical training, and phonological awareness (Moritz, 2013)

Resources and Further Reading

[email protected]

Page 8: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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HGIOP Session 4

Phonological Awareness 2

LPA Year 1

Aims PM

• To become familiar with POLLI

• To consider ways to analyse and compare baseline data

POLLI Stage One - Plan

•Who agrees to take part? When?

•Devise big question together

•Agree on focus children, discuss background

•Can be one session or chunked up

•Adapt pro forma to suit

Page 9: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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The “Big Question” – POLLI Stage One

• Establish question, e.g. “What impact has the shared interactive reading strategy had on learners experiences?”

• Responsive, not evaluative

• Focus is on the learners, NOT the teacher or teaching style

• Can be focus on a group of children or on individuals

• Not a demo lesson/performance

• Agreed parameters and aims

POLLI Stage Two- Observation

•Visit – remember trust, discretion, active observation

•Use pro forma

•Thank staff and children

•Agree time to reflect, follow up

POLLI Stage Three - Reflection

•Reflect – come to joint conclusion

•Agree next steps

•Agree how to store/record evidence

•Arrange next meeting

• Share with colleagues, SLT

Page 10: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Professional Learning Opportunities

Quantitative Data

Direct Observation

• Assessment data –Talking and Listening Tracker 1

• Leuven involvement and wellbeing scales

• Phonological Awareness tracker, • attendance data (children, staff and

families) • staged intervention levels.

Page 11: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Quantitative Data: tell us……. tell us… • Who – target group stage/s

• How many in group

• Duration of intervention, e.g. 5 months, Jan – May

• Main Measure - Trackers

• Supporting tools - Staff Questionnaires, Parent Surveys etc.

Let’s have a look at a real set of group data….

Based on:

• target group

• 10 children in target group

• Measured by talking and listening tracker 1

Quantitative Data – Progress of target Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

Quantitative Data – Progress of target Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

Pupil Code Boxes Percentage

Child A 18 47%

Child B 15 39%

Child C 8 21%

Child D 3 8%

Child E 14 37%

Child F 10 26%

Child G 12 31%

Child H 9 24%

Child I 11 28%

Child J 5 13%

Working out a Percentage from Listening and Talking Tracker 1

The tracker has 38 boxes, to work out the

percentage of the tracker that the child has achieved - Divide the number of boxes the child has achieved by 38, then multiply by

100.

Child I – (11/38) x100 = 28% Child J – (5/38) x100 = 13%

Page 12: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

What evaluative statements can we make about this data ?

Almost all: 90%+

Most: 75%-90%

Majority: 50% - 74%

Less than half: 15% - 49%

Few: Less than 15%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

A B C D E F G H I J

Pe

rce

nta

ge E

mb

ed

de

d

Child

Baseline of TIG – Dec 19

Quantitative Data – Progress of target children

Based on:

• The same 10 children in target group

• Measured by the phonological awareness tracker as a supporting tool

Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Child A Child B Child C Child D Child E Child F Child G Child H Child I Child J

Pe

rce

nta

ge E

mb

ed

de

d

Targeted Intervention Group

Baseline Phonological Awareness – Dec 19

What evaluative statements can we make about this data ?

Almost all: 90%+

Most: 75%-90%

Majority: 50% - 74%

Less than half: 15% - 49%

Few: Less than 15%

Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

Page 13: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

A B C D E F G H I J

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Child

Baseline of TIG - Dec 19

L&T Baseline PA Baseline

Early Level Tracker 1

List

enin

g an

d Ta

lkin

g

Enjoyment & Choice

LIT 0-01a

LIT 0-11a

LIT 0-20a

LIT 0-01a

LIT 0-11b

LIT 0-01c

Become aware that there are different types of text. e.g. those that can be read,

watched or listened to

With support start to select texts that can be explored for enjoyment

With support be encouraged to share text preferences with others e.g. favourite stories/film and give

simple reasons for preference.

Develop vocabulary through listening to and exploring

different text forms

Will take opportunities to select appropriate texts within collaborative play

contexts

Enjoy exploring the rhythm of language when listening to

stories read aloud and other texts they watch or listen to

Begin to interact with predictable patterned text

through repetition of rhyme and refrain etc.

Interact with songs, rhymes and stories and recite some well-known

songs/rhymes from memory

Begins to engage with and respond to texts using means of their choice e.g. role play, puppets, mark

making

Enjoy exploring and identifying rhyming

words and with support, begin to create a string

of rhyming words (can be nonsense rhymes)

Can hear and segment and identify the number of

syllables in familiar words

Begin to keep a steady beat when exploring

familiar stories, rhymes and songs

Begin to recognise and generate words with

the same initial sound starting with own name and friends

names

Tools for Listening and

talking

LIT 0-02a

ENG 0-03a

Begin to listen to others with attention and give a response based on what has been said

Listens to and responds appropriately to others in a range of situations using body language appropriate to age and stage e.g. eye

contact

Begin to hold a conversation with one or more persons on a theme of their own choosing, staying on

theme for a short time

Begin to take turns when listening and talking in a

variety of contexts

Begin to develop confidence in asking

questions based on what they have heard

Begin to respond appropriately to some

questions about what they have said and heard

Can follow a two part instructions and can

give a simple instruction to others e.g. when – mixing

paint, baking and ask questions to clarify

Finding and using information

LIT -0-04a

Begin to listen/watch with concentration to find useful

information e.g. to learn form a visitor about their

occupation

Talk about information that has been

interesting to them and/or new information

Begin to ask and answer questions to

demonstrate recall of key information

Describe and share ideas/thoughts using

what has been learned from listening

to/watching texts.

With support begin to make connections

between information learned and their own

experiences to expand on a topic or theme

Begin with support to use new vocabulary when talking about

information they have learned

Use what they have learned in order to

make simple choices

Understanding, analysing and

evaluating

LIT 0-07a

LIT0-016a

ENG 0-17a

With support can draw on prior knowledge and experiences to make connections and talk about

a range of texts

With support begin to make predictions based on prior knowledge and experiences e.g.

repetition in storylines.

Can understand and ask ‘what’, ‘where’ and ‘who’ questions to clarify meaning

With support can discuss and answer some questions to demonstrate understanding of

what they have heard

Creating Texts LIT 0-09a

LIT0-09b

LIT 0-31a

LIT 0-10a

Begin to speak in well-formed short sentences to relay information and use

some detail to give opinions, describe feelings, needs and events/experiences

Begin to use sequential language (first, next, now

etc.) to describe or recount experiences

Speak clearly most of the time and begin to develop grammatical

accuracy e.g. using correct verb/tense

Through modelling develop the use of a range of vocabulary

including nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives,

prepositions and pronouns during play and in different areas of the

curriculum

Explore own and familiar stories through play and

role play

Begin to ascribe meaning to what has

been created e.g. drawings and models and discuss/answer

questions with support

Use new vocabulary to which they have had

repetitive exposure to

Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG Pupil Code Emerging Embedded

Child A 18% 47%

Child B 13% 39%

Child C 5% 21%

Child D 16% 8%

Child E 13% 37%

Child F 16% 26%

Child G 18% 31%

Child H 21% 24%

Child I 8% 28%

Child J 26% 13%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

A B C D E F G H I J

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Child

Baseline of TIG – Dec 19

Baseline Emerging Baseline Embedded

Page 14: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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So far…

• Identify your TIG

• Complete your baseline data

• Written outcome

• Identify main measures and supporting tools

• Attend training • T&L Overview • Early Literacy Strategies • PA1 • PA2

What Next?

• Begin to write the analysis of your baseline data

• Consider how you are going to close the gaps you have identified - what strategies or interventions are you going to put in place? • e.g. Use of musical approaches to develop phonological awareness skills

• Continue to record Professional Learning and Family Learning opportunities within HGIOP template

Writing your Baseline Analysis

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Listening and talking outcome Outcome: To ensure that a targeted group of children increase attainment in early level tracker 1 listening and talking

by around ?% by June 2020

Measure: Listening and talking early level tracker 1

Supporting Tools: Phonological Awareness Tracker, Conversational Styles, Stages of Language and Communication, Leuven Scales of Involvement and Wellbeing

Key interventions:

– Modelling phonological awareness through music and song approaches to develop early language skills

– Enhance the environment to support phonological awareness skills.

– During interactive shared reading sessions - use of Hanen strategies of OWL and Strive for five to extend conversations (child led)

– Family engagement – home link, stay and play and establishing close family links to support literacy

Clusters South – Emma Finlay

Katy McHugh - Adelphi

Nicola Wallace - Arnwood

Lauren McGuire - Lyoncross

North West – Emma Finlay

Beth Madden - Cloan

Jean Rainey - Cloverbank

Rachel Quinton - Ardoch Childcare Centre

North East Elaine Quinn

North East 1 North East 2

Fiona Sloss – Sandaig

Karina Girvan - Westerhouse

Samina Shariff - Onslow Drive Charlene Brandon -

Dennistoun

Ashleigh MacKintosh - Bonnybroom

Next Steps

• Complete and submit; Outcomes, Measures and Key Interventions

• Carry out a POLLI and be ready to feedback on the 4th March

• Complete Baseline Analysis and bring to session (HGIOP 1 - 4th March)

Page 16: Why teach music? - LT Scotland

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Sessions

Meeting Learners Needs (EAL) 17th February 9.15-3pm

HGIOP 1 4th March 9.15-12.15pm

HGOP 2 18th March 9.15-12.15pm

HGIOP Drop in clinic 1st April 9.15-12.15pm

HGIOP 3 7th May 9.15-12.15pm

HGIOP Drop in clinic 27th May 9.15-12.15pm

Contacts • Elaine Quinn [email protected]

• Emma Finlay [email protected]

• Twitter: @GlasgowLEL

• Blog: Google Leaders of Early Learning https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/gc/gccleadersofearlylearning/

HGIOP Session 4

Phonological Awareness 2

LPA Year 1


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