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Ailsa Ramage
Music and Phonological Awareness
LPA Training
2018/19
Aims
• To increase understanding of skills progression in music at Early Level
• To raise awareness of the wider benefits of music in Early Years
• To increase understanding of links between music and early literacy development
• To explore practical activities for developing music skills at Early Level
• To explore approaches to developing literacy through music
• To increase staff confidence in the delivery of music in Early Years establishments
Why teach music?
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Principles and Practice - Key aims of learning in the Expressive Arts
Learning in, through and about the expressive arts enables children and young to:
• Be creative and express themselves in different ways
• Experience enjoyment and contribute to other people’s enjoyment through creative and
expressive performance and presentation
• Develop important skills, both those specific to the expressive arts and those which are
transferable
• Develop an appreciation of aesthetic values, identities and ideas and, for some, prepare
for advanced learning in future careers by building foundations for excellence in the
expressive arts.
(CfE Building the Curriculum 1)
What skills should we teach in music?
Pulse/beat: the ‘heart beat’ of a piece of music; a regular unit of time.
Rhythm: a pattern of sounds in time which can be long or short or of equal duration.
Pitch: the degree of highness or lowness of a sound, i.e. higher or lower notes in a melody.
Dynamics: the loud or soft passages in a piece of music.
Tempo: the speed of a piece of music.
Timbre: the tone quality of a voice or an instrument.
Elements of Music
Performance Listening Composition
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Glasgow Music Skills Progression – Early Level
What are the wider benefits of teaching music?
Music and the Brain
“Music is a more potent instrument than any other for education” - Plato
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“The research shows there is compelling evidence
for the benefits of music education on a wide range
of skills including: listening skills which support the
development of language skills, awareness of
phonics and enhanced literacy; spatial reasoning
which supports the development of some
mathematical skills; and where musical activities
involve working in groups a wide range of personal
and social skills which also serve to enhance
overall academic attainment even when measures
of intelligence are taken into account.”
Susan Hallam – Professor of Education and Music Psychology
The wider benefits of music
Participation in musical activities can promote skills required for
literacy development:
• Vocabulary
• Speech
• Conversation – call and response
• Auditory memory and Internalising
• Sound-symbol association
• Concepts of print
• Listening
• Auditory discrimination and Phonological Awareness
Maria Kay (2013) Sound Before Symbol: Developing Literacy Through Music
Teaching Music to Improve Phonological Awareness
“Children’s level of phonemic awareness on entering school may be the single most
powerful determinant of the success he or she will experience in learning to read.”
Adams (1990)
“Phonological awareness instruction involves no print…Though phonological awareness
is an essential foundation for reading, it is a listening skill, not a reading skill.”
Hougen (2016)
“Phonological awareness is the ability to hear and play with or manipulate the sounds of
spoken language.”
Kay (2016)
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Music and Phonological Awareness: Research Evidence
Research studies have found strong correlations between:
o Musical instruction and the ability of the brain to distinguish between rapidly changing sounds. (Gaab, 2005)
o Pitch discrimination and phonemic awareness. (Lamb & Gregory, 2003)
o Music perception, phonological awareness and early reading development. (Anvari, 2002)
o Rhythm skills and phonological segmentation skills (Moritz et al., 2013)
o The ability to recognise rhythms aurally, as well as associate rhythms with visual symbols, and improved phonemic awareness. (Gromko, 2005)
o Children who demonstrate language impairments and difficulties in processing rhythm and beat in music. (Goswami, 2016)
CfE Benchmarks - Expressive Arts (Early Level)
CfE Benchmarks – Literacy and English (Early Level)
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Glasgow Nursery Evaluation Project
CREATE Early Years Music Programme
350 pre-school children
Youth Music Initiative Tutor
CPD for Child Development Officers
Skills Progression and Lesson Plans
Aim: To measure the impact of music skills on phonological awareness in the pre-school year
Group Music Making Activities:
Songs and rhymes, listening, creating, instruments
Develop Musical Skills:
Beat, Rhythm, Pitch, Dynamics, Tempo, Timbre
In partnership with Psychological Services and West of Scotland University
Impact
Assessments Surveys Observations
• SIMD 1 & 2 – Syllable segmentation, rhyme awareness, phoneme isolation
• Musical skills
• Participation and engagement
• Listening and following instructions
• Language and vocabulary development
Impact
EAL Teacher Comments
High level of engagement, listening to instructions, turn taking, actively listening to the
new language. Children were clearly focussed especially as programme developed
and they knew what was expected of them. Children at early stages of acquiring
English listened actively and began repeating familiar words/phrases as the weeks
progressed.
…children could be seen progressing through early stages of phonological
development i.e. listening to modelled language/words/word order/ phrases/ short
sentences (in the songs), keeping the steady beat. They followed the prompt cards
and benefitted from repetition in the songs/activities.
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Impact
Staff Surveys: Increased practitioner knowledge, skills and confidence
• It's had a great impact. Before, I didn't have any musical training and now I have a
good understanding of beat, rhythm, syllabification and how to teach these skills
through music.
• An increase in confidence and understanding of how to deliver music in a more
educational way and better ways to assess which particular skills were gained by
the children.
• There has been a real sense of fun and joy in the delivery of the programme. Staff
were committed to the programme and really enjoyed the peer support. Staff
confidence has soared.
Music and Phonological Awareness
Musical Skills Phonological Awareness Skills
Keep a beat
Tap/clap a rhythm
Pitch discrimination
Identify instrument sounds
Respond to tempo and dynamics
Listening
Rhyme Awareness
Syllabic Awareness
Initial Sound Awareness
Glasgow CREATE Music Skills Development Programme
Singing Games and Rhymes for Tiny Tots (National Youth Choir of Scotland)
Singing Games and Rhymes for Early Years (National Youth Choir of Scotland)
Sound Before Symbol: Developing Literacy through Music (Maria Kay, 2013)
Singing Phonics Book 1 & 2 (H. MacGregor & C.Birt)
Jolly Music Big Book (C. Rowsell & D. Vinden)
The Power of Music (Hallam, 2015)
Relations among musical skills, phonological processing, and early reading ability in preschool children (Anvari, 2002)
Links between early rhythm skills, musical training, and phonological awareness (Moritz, 2013)
Resources and Further Reading
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HGIOP Session 4
Phonological Awareness 2
LPA Year 1
Aims PM
• To become familiar with POLLI
• To consider ways to analyse and compare baseline data
POLLI Stage One - Plan
•Who agrees to take part? When?
•Devise big question together
•Agree on focus children, discuss background
•Can be one session or chunked up
•Adapt pro forma to suit
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The “Big Question” – POLLI Stage One
• Establish question, e.g. “What impact has the shared interactive reading strategy had on learners experiences?”
• Responsive, not evaluative
• Focus is on the learners, NOT the teacher or teaching style
• Can be focus on a group of children or on individuals
• Not a demo lesson/performance
• Agreed parameters and aims
POLLI Stage Two- Observation
•Visit – remember trust, discretion, active observation
•Use pro forma
•Thank staff and children
•Agree time to reflect, follow up
POLLI Stage Three - Reflection
•Reflect – come to joint conclusion
•Agree next steps
•Agree how to store/record evidence
•Arrange next meeting
• Share with colleagues, SLT
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Professional Learning Opportunities
Quantitative Data
Direct Observation
• Assessment data –Talking and Listening Tracker 1
• Leuven involvement and wellbeing scales
• Phonological Awareness tracker, • attendance data (children, staff and
families) • staged intervention levels.
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Quantitative Data: tell us……. tell us… • Who – target group stage/s
• How many in group
• Duration of intervention, e.g. 5 months, Jan – May
• Main Measure - Trackers
• Supporting tools - Staff Questionnaires, Parent Surveys etc.
Let’s have a look at a real set of group data….
Based on:
• target group
• 10 children in target group
• Measured by talking and listening tracker 1
Quantitative Data – Progress of target Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
Quantitative Data – Progress of target Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
Pupil Code Boxes Percentage
Child A 18 47%
Child B 15 39%
Child C 8 21%
Child D 3 8%
Child E 14 37%
Child F 10 26%
Child G 12 31%
Child H 9 24%
Child I 11 28%
Child J 5 13%
Working out a Percentage from Listening and Talking Tracker 1
The tracker has 38 boxes, to work out the
percentage of the tracker that the child has achieved - Divide the number of boxes the child has achieved by 38, then multiply by
100.
Child I – (11/38) x100 = 28% Child J – (5/38) x100 = 13%
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Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
What evaluative statements can we make about this data ?
Almost all: 90%+
Most: 75%-90%
Majority: 50% - 74%
Less than half: 15% - 49%
Few: Less than 15%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
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45%
50%
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Child
Baseline of TIG – Dec 19
Quantitative Data – Progress of target children
Based on:
• The same 10 children in target group
• Measured by the phonological awareness tracker as a supporting tool
Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Child A Child B Child C Child D Child E Child F Child G Child H Child I Child J
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Targeted Intervention Group
Baseline Phonological Awareness – Dec 19
What evaluative statements can we make about this data ?
Almost all: 90%+
Most: 75%-90%
Majority: 50% - 74%
Less than half: 15% - 49%
Few: Less than 15%
Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
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Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
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Baseline of TIG - Dec 19
L&T Baseline PA Baseline
Early Level Tracker 1
List
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Enjoyment & Choice
LIT 0-01a
LIT 0-11a
LIT 0-20a
LIT 0-01a
LIT 0-11b
LIT 0-01c
Become aware that there are different types of text. e.g. those that can be read,
watched or listened to
With support start to select texts that can be explored for enjoyment
With support be encouraged to share text preferences with others e.g. favourite stories/film and give
simple reasons for preference.
Develop vocabulary through listening to and exploring
different text forms
Will take opportunities to select appropriate texts within collaborative play
contexts
Enjoy exploring the rhythm of language when listening to
stories read aloud and other texts they watch or listen to
Begin to interact with predictable patterned text
through repetition of rhyme and refrain etc.
Interact with songs, rhymes and stories and recite some well-known
songs/rhymes from memory
Begins to engage with and respond to texts using means of their choice e.g. role play, puppets, mark
making
Enjoy exploring and identifying rhyming
words and with support, begin to create a string
of rhyming words (can be nonsense rhymes)
Can hear and segment and identify the number of
syllables in familiar words
Begin to keep a steady beat when exploring
familiar stories, rhymes and songs
Begin to recognise and generate words with
the same initial sound starting with own name and friends
names
Tools for Listening and
talking
LIT 0-02a
ENG 0-03a
Begin to listen to others with attention and give a response based on what has been said
Listens to and responds appropriately to others in a range of situations using body language appropriate to age and stage e.g. eye
contact
Begin to hold a conversation with one or more persons on a theme of their own choosing, staying on
theme for a short time
Begin to take turns when listening and talking in a
variety of contexts
Begin to develop confidence in asking
questions based on what they have heard
Begin to respond appropriately to some
questions about what they have said and heard
Can follow a two part instructions and can
give a simple instruction to others e.g. when – mixing
paint, baking and ask questions to clarify
Finding and using information
LIT -0-04a
Begin to listen/watch with concentration to find useful
information e.g. to learn form a visitor about their
occupation
Talk about information that has been
interesting to them and/or new information
Begin to ask and answer questions to
demonstrate recall of key information
Describe and share ideas/thoughts using
what has been learned from listening
to/watching texts.
With support begin to make connections
between information learned and their own
experiences to expand on a topic or theme
Begin with support to use new vocabulary when talking about
information they have learned
Use what they have learned in order to
make simple choices
Understanding, analysing and
evaluating
LIT 0-07a
LIT0-016a
ENG 0-17a
With support can draw on prior knowledge and experiences to make connections and talk about
a range of texts
With support begin to make predictions based on prior knowledge and experiences e.g.
repetition in storylines.
Can understand and ask ‘what’, ‘where’ and ‘who’ questions to clarify meaning
With support can discuss and answer some questions to demonstrate understanding of
what they have heard
Creating Texts LIT 0-09a
LIT0-09b
LIT 0-31a
LIT 0-10a
Begin to speak in well-formed short sentences to relay information and use
some detail to give opinions, describe feelings, needs and events/experiences
Begin to use sequential language (first, next, now
etc.) to describe or recount experiences
Speak clearly most of the time and begin to develop grammatical
accuracy e.g. using correct verb/tense
Through modelling develop the use of a range of vocabulary
including nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives,
prepositions and pronouns during play and in different areas of the
curriculum
Explore own and familiar stories through play and
role play
Begin to ascribe meaning to what has
been created e.g. drawings and models and discuss/answer
questions with support
Use new vocabulary to which they have had
repetitive exposure to
Quantitative Data: Baseline of TIG Pupil Code Emerging Embedded
Child A 18% 47%
Child B 13% 39%
Child C 5% 21%
Child D 16% 8%
Child E 13% 37%
Child F 16% 26%
Child G 18% 31%
Child H 21% 24%
Child I 8% 28%
Child J 26% 13%
0%
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30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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Baseline of TIG – Dec 19
Baseline Emerging Baseline Embedded
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So far…
• Identify your TIG
• Complete your baseline data
• Written outcome
• Identify main measures and supporting tools
• Attend training • T&L Overview • Early Literacy Strategies • PA1 • PA2
What Next?
• Begin to write the analysis of your baseline data
• Consider how you are going to close the gaps you have identified - what strategies or interventions are you going to put in place? • e.g. Use of musical approaches to develop phonological awareness skills
• Continue to record Professional Learning and Family Learning opportunities within HGIOP template
Writing your Baseline Analysis
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Listening and talking outcome Outcome: To ensure that a targeted group of children increase attainment in early level tracker 1 listening and talking
by around ?% by June 2020
Measure: Listening and talking early level tracker 1
Supporting Tools: Phonological Awareness Tracker, Conversational Styles, Stages of Language and Communication, Leuven Scales of Involvement and Wellbeing
Key interventions:
– Modelling phonological awareness through music and song approaches to develop early language skills
– Enhance the environment to support phonological awareness skills.
– During interactive shared reading sessions - use of Hanen strategies of OWL and Strive for five to extend conversations (child led)
– Family engagement – home link, stay and play and establishing close family links to support literacy
Clusters South – Emma Finlay
Katy McHugh - Adelphi
Nicola Wallace - Arnwood
Lauren McGuire - Lyoncross
North West – Emma Finlay
Beth Madden - Cloan
Jean Rainey - Cloverbank
Rachel Quinton - Ardoch Childcare Centre
North East Elaine Quinn
North East 1 North East 2
Fiona Sloss – Sandaig
Karina Girvan - Westerhouse
Samina Shariff - Onslow Drive Charlene Brandon -
Dennistoun
Ashleigh MacKintosh - Bonnybroom
Next Steps
• Complete and submit; Outcomes, Measures and Key Interventions
• Carry out a POLLI and be ready to feedback on the 4th March
• Complete Baseline Analysis and bring to session (HGIOP 1 - 4th March)
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Sessions
Meeting Learners Needs (EAL) 17th February 9.15-3pm
HGIOP 1 4th March 9.15-12.15pm
HGOP 2 18th March 9.15-12.15pm
HGIOP Drop in clinic 1st April 9.15-12.15pm
HGIOP 3 7th May 9.15-12.15pm
HGIOP Drop in clinic 27th May 9.15-12.15pm
Contacts • Elaine Quinn [email protected]
• Emma Finlay [email protected]
• Twitter: @GlasgowLEL
• Blog: Google Leaders of Early Learning https://blogs.glowscotland.org.uk/gc/gccleadersofearlylearning/
HGIOP Session 4
Phonological Awareness 2
LPA Year 1