Why we need a consensus document on cardiogenic shock?
ACCA Masterclass 2017
Holger Thiele
Cardiogenic Shock – STEMI Guidelines
Steg et al. Eur Heart J.2012;33:2569-2619
Cardiogenic Shock – CHF Guidelines
Ponikowski et al. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129–2200
Austrian/German
S3-Guideline Cardiogenic Shock
Werdan et al. Dtsch Ärzteblatt Int 2012;109:343-351
AHA Scientific Statement
Diepen et al. Circulation 2017; in press
Contemporary Management of Cardiogenic Shock – A Scientific Statement
Sean van Diepen MD MSc1; Jason N. Katz, MD, MHS2; Nancy M. Albert PhD3; Timothy D. Henry MD4; Alice K Jacobs MD5; Navin K. Kapur MD6; Ahmet Kilic, MD7; Venu Menon MD8; E. Magnus Ohman, MD9; Nancy K. Sweitzer MD PhD10; Holger Thiele MD11; Jeffrey B. Washam PhamD12; Mauricio G. Cohen MD13
Trial n/N n/NRelative Risk
95% CI
Relative Risk
95% CI
0 0.5 1 2 3
Randomized Trials in Cardiogenic Shock
Follow-up
Revascularization (PCI/CABG)
SHOCK
SMASH
Total
81/152
22/32
103/184
100/150
18/23
118/173
1 year30 days
Early revascularization
better
Medical treatment
better
0.75 1.5 2.50.25Thiele et al. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1223-1230
0.72 (0.54;0.95)
0.87 (0.66;1.29)
0.82 (0.69;0.97)
Revascularization Rate – Registry Data
70
47 5054
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Switzerland
(Jeger)
GRACE France
(USIK, Fast-
MI)
USA
(Goldberg)
Rev
ascu
lari
zati
on
rat
e (%
)
Catecholamine Use in Europe
0 10 20 30 40 50
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Switzerland
Sweden
UK
Sakr et al. Crit Care Med.2006; 34:589–597
N=1058 with shock
% of patients % of patients
NorepinephrineDopamine
0 10 20 30 40 50
Austria
Belgium
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Switzerland
Sweden
UK
Catecholamines in Cardiogenic Shock
De Backer et al. NEJM 2010;362:779-789
P=0.03
Days after randomization0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Pro
ba
bili
ty o
f su
rviv
al 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
Subgroup of 280 Patients
Trial n/N n/NRelative Risk
95% CI
Relative Risk
95% CI
0 0.5 1 2 3
Randomized Trials in Cardiogenic ShockFollow-up
Revascularization (PCI/CABG)
SHOCK
SMASH
Total
81/152
22/32
103/184
100/150
18/23
118/173
1 year30 days
Early revascularization
better
Medical treatment
better
0.75 1.5 2.50.25Thiele et al. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1223-1230
0.72 (0.54;0.95)
0.87 (0.66;1.29)
0.82 (0.69;0.97)
0.75 (0.55;0.93)64/145 50/13528 days
Norepinephrine
betterDopamine
better
Vasopressors
SOAP-2 (CS Subgruppe)
E.34 For inotropic support in infarct related CS Dobutamine should be used.
E.35 Norepinephrine should be used in particular in the initial phase of CS,
when no extended hemodynamic monitoring is available, in combination with
dobutamine to esnure adequate perfusion pressure.
E.36 Levosimendane and PDE-inhibitors may be used in catecholamine
refractary. E.39 Dopamine should not be used.
German/Austrian S3-GuidelineInotropes and vasoactive drugs
Werdan et al. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109:343-351
Catecholamines - GermanyIABP Control P-Value
Catecholamine; n/total (%)
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
15/298 (5.0)
220/298 (73.8)
76/298 (25.5)
160/298 (53.7)
11/297 (3.7)
222/297 (74.8)
80/297 (26.9)
156/297 (52.5)
0.43
0.80
0.69
0.78
Catecholamine dose (μg/kg/min); median
(IQR)
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
4.1 (2.9-7.7)
0.3 (0.1-1.2)
0.3 (0.1-1.3)
10.2 (4.9-20.6)
4.2 (3.6-8.3)
0.4 (0.1-1.1)
0.3 (0.2-1.4)
9.0 (4.8-17.6)
0.76
0.73
0.59
0.25
Thiele et al. NEJM 2012;367:1287-1296
Currently Available Percutaneous Devices
Thiele et al. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1223-1230
Blumenstein et al. EuroIntervention 2016;epub
HeartMate PHP
Mo
rtal
ity
(%)
Time after randomization (days)
P=0.92; log-rank testRelative risk 0.96; 95% CI 0.79-1.17; P=0.69; Chi2-Test
Primary Study Endpoint (30-Day Mortality)
Control 41.3%IABP 39.7%
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Thiele et al. NEJM 2012;367:1287-1296
Mortality 12-Month Follow-up
Control
IABP
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420
Mort
alit
y
Days after randomization
P=0.94; log-rank testRelative risk 1.02; 95% CI 0.88-1.19
12-Month
Mortality
49.2%
48.7%
6-Month
Mortality
30-day
Mortality
41.3%
39.7%
51.8%
51.4%
301 181 171 165 161 159 154 152 149 147 146 144 136 45 21
299 174 166 165 159 154 154 152 147 147 146 144 140 55 29
No. at risk
IABP
Control
Thiele et al. Lancet 2013;382:1638-1645
ESC Guidelines 2012 - 2014 - 2016IABP in cardiogenic shock
ESC
Class IC → IIb B → III
Windecker et al. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2541-2619Roffi et al. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:267-315
Ponikowski et al. Eur Heart J.2016;37:2129–2200
IABP + Other Devices Use
Sandhu et al. Circulation 2015;132:1243-1251
IABP
No
mechanical
support
Mechanical
support
Cath PCI US Registry: 76474 patients with PCI and cardiogenic shock
Hospital Variation in IABP + MCS Use
Sandhu et al. Circulation 2015;132:1243-1251
Cath PCI US Registry: 76474 patients with PCI and cardiogenic shock
0 0.5 1 2 3
Randomized Trials in Cardiogenic Shock
0.75 1.5 2.50.25Thiele et al. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1223-1230
IMPRESS-IN-SEVERE-SHOCK
Ouweneel et al. JACC 2017;69;278-287
Impella CP versus IABPPrimary endpoint – 30-day mortality
Impella CP versus IABPArterial Lactate
IMPRESS-IN-SEVERE-SHOCK
Ouweneel et al. JACC 2017;69;278-287
Actual Metaanalysis
Thiele et al. Submitted
Mortality, N=148
Actual MetaanalysisHemodynamic parameters + arterial lactate
Thiele et al. Submitted
Complications
Actual Metaanalysis
Thiele et al. Submitted
What happens if we use LVAD/ECMO in all?
50-60% survival without device
40-50% do not survive
100% Device use
Death with/without
device ~25%?
Anoxic brain death, sepsis
etc.
Cohort A50-60%
Cohort B15-25% Cohort C
25%
Device NO
Device YES!
Device NO
ECMO Complications
Leipzig/Lübeck ECMO Registry
Variable All patients (n=83)
Overall transfusions, n (%) 67 (81.0%)
RPB 9.5 ± 10.6
Death from device 3 (5.3%)
Use of antibiotics, n (%) 73 (88.0%)
Pneumonia, n (%) 32 (40.0%)
Septic constellation, n (%) 13 (16.2%)
Access site complication 25 (31.3%)
de Waha et al. EuroIntervention 2016;111:1363-1371
IABP-SHOCK II Score – Mortality Prediction
Poess et al. JACC 2017; in press
IABP-SHOCK II Score – Mortality Prediction
IABP-SHOCK II Cohort CardSHOCK Validation Cohort
Poess et al. JACC 2017; in press
How to Prevent MODS?
Zeymer and Thiele. JACC 2017; 69:288-290
MODS
prevention/
therapy
Optimal timing (early versus late, futile situation?)
Optimal
Support(Flow 2-7 l/min)
Prevention of
device-complications (device malfunction, limb ischemia,
hemolysis, bleeding, infection/inflammation)
Mechanical support device?
Anterior STEMI + Cardiogenic Shock
Multivessel PCI in ACS?
II IIa IIb IIII IIII IIIIII
III IIa IIb IIIIIIIII
STEMI, no Shock
STEMI, Shock
Steg et al. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2569-2619
III IIa IIb IIIIIIIII
II IIa IIb IIII IIII IIIIII
2012 2014
Windecker et al. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2541-2619
Webb et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1380-1386.van der Schaaf et al. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:955-959Cavender et al. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:507-513Bauer et al. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:941-946Zeymer et al. EuroIntervention 2014;epubCavender et al. J Invasive Cardiol 2013;25:218-224
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Webb
van der S
chaaf
Cavender
Bauer
Zeymer
CavenderYang
Mylotte
MV-PCI
Culprit only (+ staged PCI)P<0.05
P<0.05P<0.05
P=n.s.
P=n.s.
N=74 N=161 N=3087 N=336 N=735
P=0.04
N=199
Mylotte et al. JACC CV Intv 2013;6:115-125
Yang et al. Crit Care Med. 2014;47:17-25
P=n.s.P=0.008
Multivessel PCI or Culprit Lesion Only PCI
Multivessel PCI Use in Clinical Practice
37
27
10,8
24,3
13
23,5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
IABP-
SHOCK II
Bauer (EHS-
PCI)
Cavender
(US
Registry)
Park
(Corea)
Webb
(SHOCK)
Zeymer
(ALKK)
Treatment Algorithm Cardiogenic Shock
Thiele et al. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1223-1230
Open Issues in Cardiogenic Shock
• Revascularization strategy (PCI vs CABG, PCI culprit only vs MV-PCI?)
• Access site (radial vs femoral?)
• Antiplatelet therapy (ASA, Clopi, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor, Cangrelor, GpIIb/IIIa-Inh.?)
• Ventilation strategy
• Optimal blood glucose
• Transfusion strategy (liberal vs. restrictive use)
• Mechanical complications (when to do surgery/intervention?)
• Optimal inotrope
• Levosimendan
• MCS (when, which, how, weaning time point?)
• Etc., etc., etc.
80 57 45
600
55
302398
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
SHO
CK
TRIU
MPH
SMA
SH
PRA
GU
E -7
TAC
TICS
IABP-S
HO
CK
I
IABP-S
HO
CK
II
CU
LPRIT
-SH
OC
K
N P
atients
Patient Inclusion in Cardiogenic Shock Trials
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