whyindeed (1).doc

8/17/2019 whyindeed (1).doc

1/57

DRAFT 6.2 (New photo of thermite heated by propane torch and NOT igniting; from

experiment done by a!thor and co""eag!e at #$%.&

The 'iew in thi paper are the o"e reponibi"ity of the a!thor (not #righam $o!ng

%ni'erity&.

The paper (be"ow& ha !ndergone modification and a econd et of peer re'iew and

ha been accepted for p!b"ication in a 'o"!me edited by Da'id Ray riffin and )eter

Da"e *cott+ and a"o in Global Outlook (by ,ind permiion of the editor&.

Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Collapse?

By Steven E. Jones

Department of Physics and Astronomy

Brigham Young University

Provo, UT !"#$

ABST%A&T

'n this paper, ' ca(( for a serious investigation of the hypothesis that )T& * and the T+in To+ers

+ere rought do+n, not -ust y impact damage and fires, ut through the use of prepositioned cutter

charges. ' consider the officia( /E0A, 1'ST, and 233 &ommission reports that fires p(us impact

damage a(one caused comp(ete co((apses of a(( three ui(dings. And ' present evidence for the

contro((eddemo(ition hypothesis, +hich is suggested y the avai(a(e data, testa(e and fa(sifia(e, and

yet has not een ana(y4ed in any of the reports funded y the US government.

Introduction

)e start +ith the fact that (arge 5uantities of mo(ten meta( +ere oserved in asement areas

under ru(e pi(es of a(( three ui(dings6 the T+in To+ers and )T&*. A video c(ip provides eye

+itness evidence regarding this meta( at ground 4ero6 http677p(aguepuppy.net7pu(ic8htm(7video

9$#archive7red8hot8ground84ero8(o+85ua(ity.+mv . The photograph e(o+ y /ran: Si(ecchia sho+s

a chun: of the hot meta( eing removed from the 1orth To+er ru(e on Septemer $*, $##3. 1otice

http://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmvhttp://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmvhttp://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmvhttp://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmv


2/57

the co(or of the (o+er portion of the e;tracted meta( this te((s us much aout the temperature of the

meta( and provides important c(ues regarding its composition, as +e sha(( see.

1e;t, as a asis for discussion, ' invite you to consider the co((apse of the !*story )T& *,

+hich +as never hit y a -et.


3/57

)T& *6 !* Story, stee(frame ui(ding.

)T& * on afternoon of 233#3. )T& * is the ta((

s:yscraper in the ac:ground, right. Seen from )T& p(a4a area.


4/57

)T& * co((apsed comp(ete(y, onto its o+n footprint

1o+ that you have seen the sti(( photographs, it is important to the discussion +hich fo((o+s for you to

oserve video c(ips of the co((apse of this ui(ding, so go to6

http677233research.+tc*.net7ta(:s7+tc7videos.htm( &(ic: on the three photos at the top of this +esite

page in order to see the videos of the co((apse of )T& *. 't he(ps to have sound.

Then consider a video c(oseup of the same ui(ding, S) corner, as this corner egins its steady drop to

the ground6

http677st3$.start(ogic.com7=;enonpup7/(ashes7s5uis8a(ong8south+est8corner.htm

)hat did you oserve>

Symmetry6 did the ui(ding co((apse straight do+n ?near(y symmetrica((y@ or did it topp(e

over>

Speed6 ?Students and ' measure ".C #.$

secondsF time itG@

Smo:e7deris-ets6 Did you oserve puffs of smo:e7deris coming out of the ui(ding> P(ease

note for yourse(f the se5uence and fast timing of oserved puffs or Hs5uis.I 1ote that reference to +e

pages is used in this paper due (arge(y to the importance of vie+ing motion picture c(ips, thus enhancing

http://911research.wtc7.net/talks/wtc/videos.htmlhttp://st12.startlogic.com/~xenonpup/Flashes/squibs_along_southwest_corner.htmhttp://911research.wtc7.net/talks/wtc/videos.htmlhttp://st12.startlogic.com/~xenonpup/Flashes/squibs_along_southwest_corner.htm


5/57

consideration of the (a+s of motion and physics genera((y.


6/57

/or si; months after Sept. 33, the ground temperature varied et+een "## degrees

/ahrenheit and 3,C## degrees, sometimes higher. H'n the first fe+ +ee:s, sometimes +hen a

+or:er +ou(d pu(( a stee( eam from the +rec:age, the end of the eam +ou(d e dripping

mo(ten stee(,I /uche: said. ?)a(sh, $##$@

Sarah At(as +as part of 1e+ JerseyQs Tas: /orce ne Uran Search and %escue and +as one of

the first on the scene at Lround Mero +ith her canine partner Anna. She reported in Penn Arts and

Sciences, summer $##$,

N1oodyQs going to e a(ive.Q /ires urned and molten steel &lo$ed in the pile o& ruins sti((

sett(ing eneath her feet. ?Penn, $##$F emphasis added.@

1otice that the mo(ten meta( ?proa(y not stee( a(oneF see discussion e(o+@ +as f(o+ing do+n in the

ru(e pi(e ear(y onF so it is not the case that the mo(ten meta( poo(s formed due to suterranean fires

after the co((apses.

A video c(ip provides further eye+itness evidence regarding this e;treme(y hot meta( at ground

4ero6 http677p(aguepuppy.net7pu(ic8htm(7video9$#archive7red8hot8ground84ero8(o+85ua(ity.+mv .

The oserver notes that the oserved surface of this meta( is sti(( reddishorange some si; +ee:s after 2

33. This imp(ies a (arge 5uantity of a meta( +ith fair(y (o+ heat conductivity and a re(ative(y (arge heat

capacity ?e.g., iron is more (i:e(y than a(uminum@ even in an underground (ocation. Ri:e magma in a

vo(canic cone, such meta( might remain hot and mo(ten for a (ong time once the meta( is sufficient(y

hot to me(t in (arge 5uantities and then :ept in a fair(y+e(( insu(ated underground (ocation. 0oreover,

as hypothesi4ed e(o+, thermite reactions may have resu(ted in sustantia( 5uantities ?oserved in poo(s@

of mo(ten iron at very high temperatures initia((y aove $,### & ?,"$ /@. At these temperatures,

stee( +i(( me(t, and a(uminum materia(s from the ui(dings shou(d continue to undergo e;othermic

o;idation reactions +ith materia(s a(so entrained in the mo(ten meta( poo(s inc(uding meta( o;ides +hich

+i(( then :eep the poo(s mo(ten and even gro+ing for +ee:s despite radiative and conductive (osses.

http://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmvhttp://plaguepuppy.net/public_html/video%20archive/red_hot_ground_zero_low_quality.wmv


7/57

Thus, mo(ten meta( +as repeated(y oserved and forma((y reported in the ru(e pi(es of the

)T& To+ers and )T& *, meta( that (oo:ed (i:e mo(ten stee( or perhaps iron. Scientific ana(ysis +ou(d

e needed to conc(usive(y ascertain the composition of the mo(ten meta( in detai(.

' maintain that these oservations are consistent +ith the use of hightemperature cuttercharges

such as thermite,


8/57

1one of the officia( reports tac:(es this mystery. Yet this is evident(y a significant c(ue to +hat caused

the To+ers and )T& * to co((apse. So an ana(ysis of the composition of the previous(ymo(ten meta( is

re5uired y a 5ua(ified scientific pane(. This cou(d +e(( ecome an experiment crucis.

Prof. Thomas Eagar e;p(ained in $##3 that the )T& fires +ou(d 1T me(t stee(6

VThe fire is the most misunderstood part of the )T& co((apse. Even today, the media report

?and many scientists e(ieve@ that the stee( me(ted. 't is argued that the -et fue( urns very hot,

especia((y +ith so much fue( present. This is not true.... The temperature o& the &ire at the

WTC $as not unusual* and it $as most de&initely not capa(le o& melting steel .

'n comustion science, there are three asic types of f(ames, name(y, a -et urner, a premi;ed

f(ame, and a diffuse f(ame.... 'n a diffuse f(ame, the fue( and the o;idant are not mi;ed efore

ignition, ut f(o+ together in an uncontro((ed manner and comust +hen the fue(7o;idant ratios

reach va(ues +ithin the f(amma(e range. A firep(ace is a diffuse f(ame urning in air, as +as the

)T& fire. Diffuse f(ames generate the (o+est heat intensities of the three f(ame types... The

ma;imum f(ame temperature increase for urning hydrocarons ?-et fue(@ in air is, thus, aout

1,,, C -- hardly su&&icient to melt steel at 1.,, C/

/But it is very di&&icult to reach 0even this ma2imum temperature $ith a di&&use &lame

There is nothing to ensure that the fue( and air in a diffuse f(ame are mi;ed in the est ratio...

This is +hy the temperatures in a residentia( fire are usua((y in the .,, C to 3., C range

&ote, 322$. It is 4no$n that the WTC &ire $as a &uel-rich* di&&use &lame as evidenced (y

the copious (lac4 smo4e... 't is :no+n that structura( stee( egins to soften around !$C &

and loses a(out hal& o& its strength at 3., C &ote, 322$. This is +hy stee( is stress re(ieved

in this temperature range. But even a C#9 (oss of strength is sti(( insufficient, y itse(f, to

e;p(ain the )T& co((apse... The )T&, on this (o++ind day, +as (i:e(y not stressed more than a

third of the design a((o+a(e... 5ven $ith its strength halved* the steel could still support t$o


9/57

to three times the stresses imposed (y a 3., C &ire .V ?Eagar and 0usso, $##3F emphasis

added.@

)e +i(( return to the 5uestion of fireinduced stresses and )T& co((apses (ater.

Even +ithout a direct e(ementa( ana(ysis, +e can ru(e out some meta(s ased on avai(a(e

data. The photograph in the introduction sho+s a chun: of hot meta( eing e;tracted at ground 4ero.

The hottest portion of the chun: is the (o+er portion, +hich +as deepest do+n in the s(ag, and the meta(

is seen to e ye((o+hot, certain(y aove cherryred hot. The fo((o+ing ta(e ?see

http677+++.processassociates.com7process7heat7metco(or.htm @ provides data regarding the me(ting

temperatures of (ead, a(uminum, structura( stee( and iron, a(ong +ith appro;imate meta( temperatures y

co(or. 1ote that the appro;imate temperature of a hot meta( is given y its co(or, 5uite independent of

the composition of the meta(. ?A nota(e e;ception is a(uminum, +hich due to (o+ emissivity and high

ref(ectivity appears si(verygray in day(ight conditions, at a(( temperatures +hether in so(id or (i5uid

forms. A(uminum does incandesce (i:e other meta(s, ut faint(y, so that in road day(ight conditions in

air, it appears si(verygray according to e;periments done at BYU. Jones, $##"@

# C 6

Read ?P@ 0e(ts "$3 $* "#3/aint %ed 2# C## **#

B(ood %ed 3#*C C# CC

WA(uminum 0e(ts 3$$3 ""# 2

0edium &herry 3$*C "2# 2"C

&herry 3*C *!C 3#$#

Bright &herry 3!C# *2# 3#"#

Sa(mon 3CC# !C 333C

Dar: range 3"# 2# 33"#

range 3*$C 2!# 3$3C

Remon 3# 3### 3$*#

Right Ye((o+ 32*C 3## 3CC)hite $$## 3$#C 3!#

WStructura( Stee( 0e(ts =$*C# =3C3# =3*

W'ron 0e(ts $## 3C 333

WThermite ?typica(@ X!C## X$C## X$**#

http://www.processassociates.com/process/heat/metcolor.htmhttp://www.processassociates.com/process/heat/metcolor.htm


10/57

)e see from the photograph aove that so(id meta( from the )T& ru(e e;isted at sa(monto

ye((o+hot temperature ?appro;. 3CC# 32## o/, !C 3#!# o&.@ The temperature is +e(( aove the

me(ting temperatures of (ead, 4inc and a(uminum, and these meta(s can evident(y e ru(ed out since they

+ou(d e runny (i5uids at much (o+er ?cherryred or e(o+@ temperatures.


11/57

The aundance of iron ?as opposed to a(uminum@ in this materia( is indicated y the reddish rust

oserved. )hen a samp(e is otained, a range of characteri4ation techni5ues +i(( 5uic:(y give us

information +e see:. ray energy dispersive spectrometry ?EDS@ +i(( yie(d the e(ementa(

composition, and e(ectron energy(oss spectroscopy +i(( te(( us the e(ements found in very sma((

amounts that +ere undetecta(e +ith EDS. E(ectronac:scattered diffraction in the scanning e(ectron

microscope +i(( give us phase informationF the formation of certain precipitates can te(( us a minimum

temperature the me(t must have reached. )e +i(( endeavor to otain and pu(ish these data, +hatever

they revea(.

An intriguing photograph ?e(o+ right@ ta:en y %o 0i((er, photo-ourna(ist +ith the 1e+ Yor:

Post, provides additiona( photographic evidence ?S+anson, $##@ for the use of thermite or a su(fur

containing derivative such as thermate. )e see deris and dust as )T& 3 co((apses, +ith )T& * seen in

the foreground, across the street from )T& 3. The ne;t photograph ?(eft@, for comparison, the thermite

reaction +ith a grayish+hite a(uminumo;ide dust p(ume e;tending from +hitehot mo(ten iron V(oV

from the reaction. ?E;periment at BYU y the author in +hich thermitep(ussu(fur cut through a stee(

cup in a fraction of a second@.


12/57

0r. 0i((er captured t+o (adder(i:e structures in his photograph ?(o+er (eft of the rightmost photograph

aoveF a c(eaner photo is eing sought@, consistent +ith stee( structures oserved in the core of )T& 3.

serve the grayish+hite p(umes trai(ing up+ard from +hite V(osV at the (eftmost e;tremities of the

upper structure. ?The (o+er structure is most(y oscured y dust.@ 't is possi(e that thermite cut

through structura( stee( and that +hat +e no+ oserve is +hitehot iron from the reaction adhering to the

severed ends of the stee(, +ith grayish+hite a(uminum o;ide sti(( streaming a+ay from the reaction

sites. The oservations are consistent with the use of thermite or one of its variants. docid

$223$C!*!#3!CC"5camerap(anet29$/33. Photographs capture the same significant event,

c(ear(y sho+ing (i5uid meta( dropping from the South To+er, sti(( hot as it nears the ground e(o+6

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2991254740145858863&q=cameraplanet+9%2F11http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2991254740145858863&q=cameraplanet+9%2F11http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2991254740145858863&q=cameraplanet+9%2F11http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2991254740145858863&q=cameraplanet+9%2F11


13/57

)ho can deny that (i5uid, mo(ten meta( e;isted at the )T& disaster> The ye((o+ co(or imp(ies a

mo(tenmeta( temperature of appro;imate(y 3### o&, evident(y aove that +hich the dar:smo:e

hydrocaron fires in the To+ers cou(d produce. 'f a(uminum ?e.g., from the p(ane@ had me(ted, it +ou(d

me(t and f(o+ a+ay from the heat source at its me(ting point of aout "C# o& and thus +ou(d not reach

the ye((o+ co(or oserved for this mo(ten meta(. Thus, mo(ten a(uminum is a(ready ru(ed out +ith high

proai(ity. But mo(ten iron +ith the characteristics seen in this video is in fact consistent +ith a

thermitereaction attac:ing the stee( co(umns in the To+er, thus +ea:ening the ui(ding -ust prior to its

co((apse, since thermite produces mo(ten iron at ye((o+to+hite hot temperatures. ?As some of the

mo(ten meta( hits the side of the ui(ding in the video c(ip aove, the +hitehot interior is evident(y

e;posed as the meta( Vsp(ashesV.@ A(so, the fact that the (i5uid meta( retains an orange hue as it nears the

ground ?right photograph@ further ru(es out a(uminum, and suggests a midf(ight thermite reaction

?typica( of thermite@. The reader may +ish to compare the dripping mo(ten meta( oserved on the corner

of the South To+er -ust efore its co((apse +ith the dripping mo(ten meta( from :no+n thermite

reactions6 http"77$$$chec4theevidencecom78117Thermite9htm

'f an a(uminothermic reaction +as indeed used to sever stee( co(umns as strong(y suggested y

the photos and video aove, then a(ong +ith mo(ten iron, a(uminum o;ide shou(d e found in unusua(

aundance and u(trafine particu(atesi4e in the to;ic dust from the co((apses of the To+ers and )T& *.

http://www.checktheevidence.com/911/Thermite2.htmhttp://www.checktheevidence.com/911/Thermite2.htmhttp://www.checktheevidence.com/911/Thermite2.htm


14/57

)e intend to (oo: for these residua( endproducts, in particu(ar, for iron and entrained a(uminum o;ide

in so(idified s(ag e;tracted from one of the )T&mo(tenmeta( poo(s.

ther e;p(anations for the oservations are sought, of course. /or e;amp(e, /. Lreening has

suggested that a(uminum from the p(anes +hich struc: the To+ers cou(d me(t, and that this a(uminum

might fa(( on Vrusted stee( surfaces inducing vio(ent thermite e;p(osionsV Lreening, $##" So a fe+

students and ' did straightfor+ard e;periments y me(ting a(uminum and dropping mo(ten a(uminum on

preheated rusted stee( surfaces. There +ere in fact 1 Vvio(ent thermiteV reactions seen. )e oserved

that the temperature of the mo(ten a(uminum in contact +ith the rusty iron simp(y coo(ed at aout $C o&

per minute ?measured +ith an infrared proe@ unti( the a(uminum so(idified, so that any thermite

reactions et+een the a(uminum and iron o;ide must have een minima( and did not compete +ith

radiative and conductive coo(ing, thus 1T supporting predictions made y Lreening. There +as no

oserva(e damage or even +arping of the stee(. ?See photograph e(o+.@ 1or +ere vio(ent reactions

oserved +hen +e dropped mo(ten a(uminum onto crushed gypsum and concrete ?+et or dry@ and rusty

stee(. Jones, $##" These e;periments (end no support +hatever to the notion see Lreening, $##"

that mo(ten a(uminum in the )T& To+ers cou(d have destroyed the enormous stee( co(umns in the cores

of the ui(dings, even if those co(umns +ere rusty and someho+ su-ected to direct contact +ith mo(ten

a(uminum.

)e a(so noted that +hi(e a stee( pan ho(ding the a(uminum g(o+ed red and then ye((o+ hot, the

mo(ten a(uminum inside retained its si(verygray co(or, adding significant(y to the evidence that the

ye((o++hite mo(ten meta( dripping from the South To+er short(y efore its co((apse +as 1T mo(ten

a(uminum. ?%eca(( a(so that the ye((o+ co(or of the mo(ten meta( ?video c(ip aove@ imp(ies a

temperature of appro;imate(y 33## o& too high for the dar:smo:e hydrocaron fires urning in the

ui(ding.@ This is point +orth emphasi4ing6 a(uminum has (o+ emissivity and high ref(ectivity, so that

in day(ight conditions mo(ten a(uminum +i(( appear si(verygray, +hi(e mo(ten iron ?+ith its

characteristic high emissivity@ +i(( appear ye((o++hite ?at =33## o&@ as oserved in the mo(ten meta(


15/57

dripping from the South To+er -ust efore its co((apse ?see

http"77$$$chec4theevidencecom78117Thermite9htm@.

0o(ten a(uminum poured onto rusted stee(6 no vio(ent reactions oserved at a((.

Thus, +e find sustantia( evidence supporting the current con-ecture that some variation of

thermite ?e.g., so(id a(uminum po+der p(us /e$, +ith possi(e addition of su(fur@ +as used on the

stee( co(umns of the )T& To+er to +ea:en the huge stee( supports, not (ong efore e;p(osives finished

the demo(ition -o. %ough(y $,### pounds of %Dgrade (inearshaped charges ?+hich cou(d have een

pre-positioned y -ust a fe+ men@ +ou(d then suffice in each To+er and )T& * to cut the supports at

:ey points so that gravity +ou(d ring the ui(dings straight do+n. The estimate is ased on the amount

of e;p(osives used in contro((ed demo(itions in the past and the si4e of the ui(dings. %adioinitiated

firing of the charges is imp(icated here, perhaps using Jou(e heating or superthermite matches. Using

computercontro((ed radio signa(s, it +ou(d e an easy matter to egin the e;p(osive demo(ition near the

point of entry of the p(anes in the To+ers ?to ma:e it appear that the p(anes someho+ initiated the

co((apseF cuttercharges cou(d have een prep(aced at numerous spots in the ui(ding, since one +ou(d

not :no+ e;act(y +here the p(anes +ou(d enter.@

http://www.checktheevidence.com/911/Thermite2.htmhttp://www.checktheevidence.com/911/Thermite2.htm


16/57

't is important to note that initiating the thermite reaction re5uires temperatures +e(( aove those

achieved y urning -et fue( or office materia(s +hich is an advantage of using thermite charges over

conventiona( monomo(ecu(ar e;p(osives such as T1T, %D and PET1. Be(o+ is a photograph of an

e;periment performed y the author and co((eagues at BYU in +hich a samp(e of thermite +as heated to

orangehot temperature ?aout 3*## o/@. )e demonstrated that the thermite reaction +ou(d not ignite at

this high temperature. Rater, the thermite reaction +as triggered y urning a magnesium strip in

contact +ith the thermite. An e(ectrica( superthermite VmatchV cou(d have een used and remote(y

triggered via radio signa(.

Thermite did not ignite +hen heated +ith a propane torch.

VSuperthermitesV use tiny partic(es of a(uminum :no+n as Vnanoa(uminumV ?Z3$# nanometers@

in order to increase their reactivity. 0i;ed +ith fine meta( o;ide partic(es such as micronsca(e iron

o;ide dust, nanoa(uminum in superthermite ecomes e;p(osive6

1anoenergetics refers to a road c(ass of energetic materia(s and formu(ations

that e;p(oit mechanisms and properties that e;ist on(y at the nanosca(e. /or e;amp(e,

a(uminum is a high(y reactive meta( +hen produced as nanopo+der ?si4e Z3## nm@.

0eta( po+ders are an important suset of nanoenergetics. Today it is +e(( :no+n that

nanoenergetics can increase performance of e;p(osives, prope((ants and pyrotechnic


17/57

devices. The interest and appea( of nanoenergetic formu(ations (ies in their ai(ity to

re(ease energy in a contro((a(e fashion, coup(ed +ith their higher energy density, re(ative

to conventiona( organic e;p(osives[. %ecent advances in partic(e synthesis techno(ogy

a((o+ commercia( sca(e production of nanoa(uminum. ?See

http677+++.nanosca(e.com7mar:ets8nanoenergetics.asp and, regarding oms,

http677+++.techno(ogyrevie+.com7artic(es7#C7#37+o7+o8gartner#3$3#C.asp>p3 .@

The possi(e use of nanoa(uminum and superthermite on 2733 shou(d e further investigated.

Are there any e;amp(es of ui(dings topp(ed y fires or any reason other than de(ierate

demo(ition that sho+ (arge poo(s of mo(ten meta( in the ru(e> ' have posed this 5uestion to numerous

engineers and scientists, ut so far no e;amp(es have emerged. Strange then that three ui(dings in

0anhattan, supposed(y rought do+n fina((y y fires, a(( sho+ these (arge poo(s of mo(ten meta( in their

asements postco((apse on 233$##3. 't +ou(d e interesting if underground fires cou(d someho+

produce mo(ten stee(, for e;amp(e, ut then there shou(d e historica( e;amp(es of this effect since there

have een many (arge fires in numerous ui(dings. 't is not enough to argue hypothetica((y that fires

cou(d possi(y cause a(( three poo(s of mo(ten meta(.

/urthermore, +e have seen pu(ished reports that Vmo(ten stee( or other meta( f(o+ed in the

pi(e of ruins sti(( sett(ing eneath her feetV ho+ cou(d ui(ding fires have caused that effect> )e :no+ of no such instances.


18/57

omit mention of (arge 5uantities of mo(ten meta( oserved in the asement areas of )T& * and the

To+ers. The fact that the officia( reports do not ade5uate(y address the issue of mo(ten meta( found at

the sites provides compe((ing motivation for continued research on the )T& co((apses.

9 :(served Temperatures around 1,,,C and ;ul&idation in WTC < ;teel

ne of the re(ative(y fe+ previous peerrevie+ed papers re(ating to the )T& co((apses provides

VAn 'nitia( 0icrostructura( Ana(ysis of A" Stee( from )T& Bui(ding *.V This rief ut important (etter

states6

)hi(e the e;act (ocation of this eam cou(d not e determined, the une2pected erosion o& the

steel &ound in this (eam $arranted a study of microstructura( changes that occurred in this

stee(. E;amination of other sections in this eam is under+ay.

A1ARYS'S Rapid deterioration o& the steel $as a result o& heating $ith o2idation in

com(ination $ith intergranular melting due to the presence o& sul&ur. The formation of the

eutectic mi;ture of iron o;ide and iron su(fide (o+ers the temperature at +hich (i5uid can form in

this stee(. This strong(y suggests that the temperatures in this region of the steel (eam

approached =1,,,C y a process simi(ar to ma:ing a H(ac:smithOs +e(dI in a hand forge.

?Barnett, $##3@

As noted aove in the 5uotation

from Eagar, it is difficu(t to reach temperatures aove "C#& in the type of diffuse fires evident in the

)T& ui(dings, (et a(one in the stee( co(umns +here heat is transported a+ay y the enormous heat sin:

of the stee( structure. So the high temperatures deduced y Barnett, Biederman and Sisson are indeed

remar:a(e.

Then there is the rather mysterious su(fidation of the stee( reported in this paper )hat is the

origin of this su(fur> 1o so(id ans+er is given in any of the officia( reports.


19/57

f course, there is a straightfor+ard +ay to achieve 3###& temperatures ?and +e(( aove@ in the

presence of su(fur, and that is to use thermate ?or a simi(ar variation of thermite@. Thermate is a high

(eve( thermite ana(og containing su(fur deve(oped y the mi(itary ?see

http677+++.dodtechmatch.com7DD7Patent7PatentDetai(.asp;>

typedescriptionid"*""*!!


20/57

Diagram sho+ing stee(co(umn arrangement in )T& *, vie+ (oo:ing do+n on the roof. &irc(ed

co(umns +ere possi(y damaged due to deris from )T& 3 co((apse, some C# feet a+ay ?1'ST, $##C@

so the damage +as c(ear(y nonsymmetrica(, and evident(y, none of the core co(umns +as severed y

fa((ing deris. )T& * +as never hit y a p(ane.

A nearsymmetrica( co((apse, as oserved, evident(y re5uires the simu(taneous Hpu((ingI of many

of the support co(umns ?see e(o+, particu(ar(y discussion of Ba4ant Mhou paper@. The (i:e(ihood of

comp(ete and near(ysymmetrica( co((apse due to random fires as in the Hofficia(I theory is sma((, since

nonsymmetrica( fai(ure is so much more (i:e(y. 'f one or a fe+ co(umns had fai(ed, one might e;pect a

portion of the ui(ding to crum(e +hi(e (eaving much of the ui(ding standing. /or e;amp(e, ma-or

portions of )T& C remained standing on 2733 despite very significant impact damage and severe fires.


21/57

1onsymmetrica( co((apse of ta(( ui(dings +hen due to random causes. RQAmiance P(a4a co((apse

?right@ sho+s ho+ panca:ed concrete f(oor s(as are (arge(y intact and c(ear(y revea( stac:ing effects+ith minima( fine dust, as e;pected from random progressive co((apse. By contrast, concrete f(oors in

the T+in To+ers and )T& * +ere pu(veri4ed to dust as is common in contro((ed demo(itions using

e;p(osives.

n the other hand, a ma-or goa( of contro((ed demo(ition using cuttercharges7e;p(osives is the

comp(ete and straightdo+nsymmetrica( co((apse of ui(dings. The reader may +ish to revie+

contro((eddemo(ition e;amp(es at http677+++.imp(osion+or(d.com7cinema.htm for e;amp(es of

comp(ete symmetrica( co((apses due to carefu((y prepositioned e;p(osives. ?The videos of the Phi(ips

Bui(ding, South+ar: To+ers, and Schuy(:i(( /a((s To+er co((apses are particu(ar(y instructive.@

&onc(uding remar:s in the /E0A report on the )T& * co((apse (end support to these arguments6

The specifics of the fires in )T& * and ho+ they caused the ui(ding to co((apse Hofficia(

theoryI remain un:no+n at this time. A(though the tota( diese( fue( on the premises contained

massive potentia( energy, the (est hypothesis 0&ire7de(ris-damage-caused collapse has only a

lo$ pro(a(ility o& occurrence #urther research* investigation* and analyses are needed to

resolve this issue. ?/E0A, $##$, chapter CF emphasis added.@

http://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htmhttp://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htmhttp://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htm


22/57

That is precise(y the point6 further investigation and ana(yses are indeed needed, inc(uding serious

consideration of the contro((eddemo(ition hypothesis +hich is neg(ected in a(( of the government

reports ?/E0A, 1'ST and 233 &ommission reports@. 1ote that the 233 &ommission report does not

even mention the co((apse of )T& * on 233#3. ?&ommission, $##!@ This is a stri:ing omission of

data high(y re(evant to the 5uestion of +hat rea((y happened on 233.

@ o %revious ;4yscraper Collapse Due to #ires

A New York Times artic(e entit(ed HEngineers are aff(ed over the co((apse of * )T&F Stee(

memers have een part(y evaporated,I provides re(evant data.

52perts said no (uilding li4e it 0WTC


23/57

area stood despite suffering damage of a(( :inds, inc(uding fire... #ire and the structural

damage $ould not e2plain steel mem(ers in the de(ris pile that appear to have (een

partly evaporated, Dr. Jonathan Barnett said. ?L(an4, $##3F emphasis added.@

The oserved Hpart(y evaporatedI stee( memers is particu(ar(y upsetting to the officia( theory, since

fires invo(ving paper, office materia(s, even diese( fue(, cannot generate temperatures any+here near the

=C,3#o/ ?=$"#o&@ needed to evaporate stee(. ?%eca(( that )T& * +as not hit y a -et, so there +as no

-et fue( invo(ved in the fires in this ui(ding.@


24/57

)T& * going up the side of the ui(ding in rapid se5uence provide additiona( significant evidence for

the use of prep(aced e;p(osives. %e(ease y the government ?1'ST, in particu(ar@ of a(( videographic

and photographic data sho+ing detai(s of the fires, damage, and co((apse of )T& * on 27337$##3+ou(d

a((o+ us to ana(y4e these s5ui data in greater detai(, to determine +hether rea:ing +indo+s or

e;p(osive charges are evidenced in the oserved puffs of smo:e.


25/57

1orth To+er sho+ing antenna ?top@ at eginning of co((apse.

Yes, +e can see for ourse(ves that the antenna drops first from videos of the 1orth To+er co((apse. ?See

http677233research.+tc*.net7+tc7evidence7videos7+tc38c(ose8frames.htm(F a(so

http677home.comcast.net7=s:ydrifter7co((apse.htm.@ A 1Y Times artic(e a(so notes this ehavior6

The ui(ding stood for more than an hour and a ha(f. ^ideos of the north to+erQs co((apse appear

to sho+ that its te(evision antenna egan to drop a fraction of a second efore the rest of the

ui(ding. The oservations suggest that the (uilding+s steel core someho$ gave $ay &irst[

?L(an4 and Ripton, $##$F emphasis added@

But ho+> )hat caused the !* enormous stee( core co(umns of this ui(ding +hich supported the antenna

to evident(y give +ay near(y simu(taneous(y, if not cutter charges>

The anoma(ous ear(y antennadrop +as noted y the /E0A report ?/E0A, $##$@ and the New

York Times ?L(an4 and Ripton, $##$@ yet not reso(ved in the officia( reports ?/E0A, $##$F &ommission,

$##!F 1'ST, $##C@. The 1'ST report notes that6

...photographic and videographic records ta:en from due north of the )T& 3 co((apse appeared

to indicate that the antenna +as sin:ing into the roof _0cA((ister $##$`.

http://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/videos/wtc1_close_frames.htmlhttp://home.comcast.net/~skydrifter/collapse.htmhttp://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/videos/wtc1_close_frames.htmlhttp://home.comcast.net/~skydrifter/collapse.htm


26/57

)hen records from east and +est vantage points +ere vie+ed, it +as apparent that the ui(ding

section aove the impact area ti(ted to the south as the ui(ding co((apsed. ?1'ST, $##C@


27/57

)hen ' (oo:ed in the direction of the Trade &enter efore it came do+n, efore 1o. $ came

do+n, ..' sa+ (o+(eve( f(ashes. 'n my conversation +ith Rieutenant Evange(ista, never

mentioning this to him, he 5uestioned me and as:ed me if ' sa+ (o+(eve( f(ashes in front of the

ui(ding, and ' agreed +ith him ecause ' thought at that time ' didnQt :no+ +hat it +as. '

mean, it cou(d have een as a resu(t of the ui(ding co((apsing, things e;p(oding, ut ' sa+ a f(ash

f(ash f(ash and then it (oo:ed (i:e the ui(ding came do+n.

. Was that on the lo$er level o& the (uilding or up $here the &ire $as?

A o* the lo$er level o& the (uilding 'ou 4no$ li4e $hen they demolish a (uilding* ho$

$hen they (lo$ up a (uilding* $hen it &alls do$n? That+s $hat I thought I sa$ . And ' didnQt

roach the topic to him, ut he as:ed me.


28/57

5)ection o& ;teel Beams and De(ris-plumes &rom the To$ers

The hori4onta( e-ection of structura( stee( memers for hundreds of feet and the pu(veri4ation of

concrete to f(our(i:e po+der, oserved c(ear(y in the co((apses of the )T& to+ers, provide further

evidence for the use of e;p(osives as +e((e;p(ained in

http677233research.+tc*.net7ta(:s7to+ers7inde;.htm(. ?See a(so, Lriffin, $##!, chapter $.@ The oserved

p(umes or Vs5uisV are far e(o+ the pu(veri4ation region and therefore deserving of particu(ar

attention. They appear much (i:e the p(umes oserved in http677+++.imp(osion+or(d.com7cinema.htm

?e.g., the contro((ed demo(ition of the South+ar: To+ers@.

1orth To+er during topdo+n co((apse.

1otice mysterious hori4onta( p(umes far e(o+ pu(veri4ation region.

Un(i:e )T&*, the t+in to+ers appear to have een e;p(oded Htopdo+nI rather than proceeding from

the ottom +hich is unusua( for contro((ed demo(ition ut c(ear(y possi(e, depending on the order in

+hich e;p(osives are detonated. That is, e;p(osives may have een p(aced on higher f(oors of the to+ers

and e;p(oded via radio signa(s so as to have ear(y e;p(osions near the region +here the p(ane entered the

to+er. &ertain(y this hypothesis ought to e serious(y considered in an independent investigation using

a(( avai(a(e data.

http://911research.wtc7.net/talks/towers/index.htmlhttp://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htmhttp://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htmhttp://911research.wtc7.net/talks/towers/index.htmlhttp://www.implosionworld.com/cinema.htm


29/57

8 Rapid Collapses and Conservation o& !omentum and 5nergy

The 1'ST team fair(y admits that their report does not actually include the structural

(ehavior o& the to$er a&ter the conditions &or collapse initiation $ere reachedI ?1'ST, $##C, p. #,

fn. 3F emphasis added.@ uite a confession, since much of the e;terna( evidence for e;p(osive

demo(ition typica((y comes a&ter co((apse initiation, as seen in cases of ac:no+(edged contro((ed

demo(ition. ?


30/57

easi(y reso(ved y the e;p(osive demo(ition hypothesis, +herey e;p(osives 5uic:(y remove (o+erf(oor

materia( inc(uding stee( support co(umns and a((o+ near freefa((speed co((apses ?


31/57

)e oserve that appro;imate(y # upper f(oors egin to rotate as a (oc:, to the south and east. They

egin to topp(e over, not fa(( straight do+n. The tor5ue due to gravity on this (oc: is enormous, as is

its angu(ar momentum. But then and this 'Om sti(( pu44(ing over this (oc: turned most(y to po+der

in mid-air G %emar:a(e, ama4ing

and demanding scrutiny since the US governmentfunded reports fai(ed to ana(y4e this phenomenon.

But, of course, the /ina( 1'ST 233 report Hdoes not actually include the structural (ehavior o& the

to$er a&ter the conditions &or collapse initiation $ere reached ?1'ST, $##C, p. #, fn. 3F emphasis

added.@

'ndeed, if +e see: the truth of the matter, +e must 1T ignore the data to e oserved during the

actua( co((apses of the to+ers, as the 1'ST team admits they did. But +hy did they fo((o+ such a non

scientific procedure as to ignore high(yre(evant data> The usiness smac:s of po(itica( constraints on

+hat +as supposed to e an Hopen and thoroughI investigation. ?See 0ooney, $##C.@

So ' +ith others ca(( for an open and thorough investigation. ' hope the internationa( community

+i(( rise to the cha((enge. The fie(d is +ide open for considering the a(ternative hypothesis out(ined

here, due to its neg(ect in studies funded y the US government.

1, Controlled Demolition Implosions ReEuire ;4ill

The occurrence of near(y symmetrical straight-down and com!lete co((apses of the )T& * and

the To+ers is particu(ar(y upsetting to the Hofficia(I theory that random fires p(us damage caused a((

these co((apses. Even +ith high(eve( cutting charges, achieving such resu(ts re5uires a great dea( of

prep(anning and e;pertise. As Tom


32/57

open area. This sort of (ast is the easiest to e;ecute. Tipping a ui(ding over is something (i:e

fe((ing a tree. To topp(e the ui(ding to the north, the (asters detonate e;p(osives on the north

side of the ui(ding first[

Sometimes, though, a ui(ding is surrounded y structures that must e preserved. 'n this case,

the (asters proceed +ith a true implosion* demolishing the (uilding so that it collapses

straight do$n into its o$n &ootprint ?the tota( area at the ase of the ui(ding@. This &eat

reEuires such s4ill that only a hand&ul o& demolition companies in the $orld $ill attempt it

B(asters approach each pro-ect a (itt(e different(y... A good option is to detonate the columns

at the center o& the (uilding (e&ore the other columns so that the (uilding+s sides &all

in$ard.... Lenera((y spea:ing, (asters +i(( e2plode the ma)or support columns on the lo$er

&loors &irst and then a &e$ upper stories[ n6 The upper f(oors then fa(( as a tamper, resu(ting

in Hprogressive co((apseI this is common in contro((ed demo(ition. ?


33/57

This &eat reEuires such s4ill that only a hand&ul o& demolition companies in the $orld $ill

attempt it ? And +here +ou(d they otain the necessary s:i((s and access to the ui(dings for a

symmetrica( imp(osion any+ay> These 5uestions suggest the need for further investigation.

ne of the peop(e a thorough investigation shou(d 5uestion +ou(d e demo(ition e;pert 0ar:

Roi4eau;, president of &ontro((ed Demo(ition, 'nc. Spea:ing of the +ay the )T& ui(dings came do+n,

he said in an intervie+6 HI& I $ere to (ring the to$ers do$n* I $ould put e2plosives in the (asement

to get the $eight o& the (uilding to help collapse the structureI ?Bo((yn, $##$F emphasis added.@

Just right He;p(osives in the asementI agrees +ith eye+itness reports of preco((apse

e;p(osions do+n (o+ in the ui(dings ?point * aove@. A(so, this +ou(d e the +ay to effective(y sever

the support co(umns, consistent +ith oth the apparent initia( drop of the communication to+er ?)T&

To+er 3@ and the H:in:I in the midd(e of )T& * as its co((apse egan. Yes, and as president of

&ontro((ed Demo(ition, 'nc., 0r. Roi4eau; +ou(d :no+ the Hhandfu( of demo(ition companies in the

+or(d that +i(( attemptI a symmetrica( contro((ed demo(ition or Vimp(osionV. ?


34/57

11 ;teel Column Temperatures o& ,,C eeded" A %ro(lem in the Argument o&

BaLant and Mhou

A 0echanica( Engineering professor suggested that ' revie+ a paper y Medene: P. Ba4ant and

Yong Mhou, +hich ' did. uoting6

The 33#story to+ers of the )or(d Trade &enter +ere designed to $ithstand as a $hole

the &orces caused (y a horiLontal impact o& a large commercial aircra&t So +hy did a tota(

co((apse occur> ?Ba4ant and Mhou, $##$, p. $.@

&orrect the )T& To+ers +ere designed to +ithstand forces caused y (arge commercia( aircraft +e

can agree on that. 0'TOs Thomas Eagar a(so concurs Hecause the numer of co(umns (ost on the initia(

impact +as not (arge and the (oads +ere shifted to remaining co(umns in this high(y redundant structureI

?Eagar and 0usso, $##3@.

)e continue +ith Ba4ant Mhou6

The conf(agration, caused y the aircraft fue( spi((ed into the structure, causes the stee( of the

co(umns to e e;posed to sustained temperatures apparently e2ceeding ,,oC[ ?Ba4ant and

Mhou, $##$, p. $.@

But here +e note from the recent 1'ST report that6 HThe initial )et &uel &ires themselves lasted at most

a &e$ minutesI and office materia( fires +ou(d urn out +ithin aout $# minutes in a given (ocation.

?1'ST, $##CF p. 3*2, emphasis added.@ &ertain(y -et fue( urning +as not enough to raise stee( to

sustained temperatures aove ##o&. But +e continue6

:nce more than hal& o& the columns in the critical &loor su&&er (uc4ling ?stage @, the

+eight of the upper part of the structure aove this f(oor can no (onger e supported, and so the

upper part starts fa((ing do+n onto the (o+er part e(o+[I?Ba4ant and Mhou, $##$, p. $.@


35/57

Ba4ant Mhou do not e;p(ain ho+ Hmore than ha(f of the co(umns in the critica( f(oor can suffer

uc:(ingI at the same time to precipitate the comp(ete and near(y symmetrica( co((apse oserved. There

+ere !* huge stee( core co(umns in each To+er, and $! such support co(umns in )T& * ?1'ST $##CF

1'ST, $##C@.

The )T& to+ers +ere so(id(y constructed +ith !* stee( coreco(umns and $!# perimeter stee( co(umns. $* stee(co(umns tota(.

0any dout that random fires7damage cou(d cause them to

co((apse straight do+n ?officia( theory@, and suspect e;p(osives.


36/57

Stee(frame6


37/57

?Eagar and 0usso, $##3@ )hi(e this is the ma;imum air temperature possi(e in the )T& fires, this

does not mean that the structura( steel reached this temperature in the time the fires acted. 'ndeed, 1'ST

emphasi4es that there +as no evidence that Vany of the samp(es had reached temperatures aove "##

b&.V This statement is consistent +ith their data p(ots of Vpredicted co(umn temperaturesV, +hich Vsho+s

ma;imum temperature reached y each co(umnV in that no temperature aove "## b& is given for any of

the stee( co(umns. ?1'ST, $##C.@

As for )T& *, Ba4ant Mhou say (itt(e ut mention in a separate HaddendumI that urning

natura( gas might have een a source of the needed heat ?Ba4ant and Mhou, 0arch $##$, p. *#@. The

/E0A report ?/E0A, $##$@ addresses this issue6

Ear(y ne+s reports had indicated that a high pressure, $!inch gas main +as (ocated in the

vicinity of the ui(ding )T& *F ho+ever, this proved not to (e true.V ?/E0A, $##$, chapter

CF emphasis added.@

19 %ro(lems in the I;T Report" InadeEuate ;teel Temperatures and T$ea4ed

!odels

' have read through the hundreds of pages of the /ina( 1'ST report on the co((apses of the )T&

To+ers. ?1'ST, $##C@ 't is interesting to note that 1'ST Hdecoup(edI and de(ayed their fina( report on

)T& *, +hich is overdue as of this +riting ?1'ST, $##CF 1'ST, $##C@. ' agree +ith some of the 1'ST

reportF for e;amp(e6

Both WTC 1 and WTC 9 $ere sta(le a&ter the aircra&t impact* standing &or 1,9 min and .3

min* respectively. The g(oa( ana(yses +ith structura( impact damage sho+ed that (oth to$ers

had considera(le reserve capacity. This +as confirmed y ana(ysis of the postimpact

viration of )T& $[ +here the damaged to+er osci((ated at a period near(y e5ua( to the first

mode period ca(cu(ated for the undamaged structure. ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!!F emphasis added.@


38/57

At any given (ocation, the duration o& 0air* not steel temperatures near 1*,,,oC $as

a(out 1. min to 9, min The rest o& the time* the calculated temperatures $ere near .,,oC

or (elo$.I ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3$*, emphasis added.@

I;T contracted $ith Onder$riters Fa(oratories* Inc to conduct tests to o(tain

in&ormation on the &ire endurance o& trusses li4e those in the WTC to$ers All &our test

specimens sustained the ma2imum design load &or appro2imately 9 hours $ithout

collapsing.I ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!#, emphasis added.@


39/57

The computeri4ed mode(s of the To+ers in the 1'ST study, +hich incorporate many features of

the ui(dings and the fires on 233#3, are (ess than convincing. The /ina( report states6

The 'nvestigation Team then defined three cases for each ui(ding y comining the midd(e, (ess

severe, and more severe va(ues of the inf(uentia( varia(es. Upon a pre(iminary e;amination of the midd(e

cases, it (ecame clear that the to$ers $ould li4ely remain standing The less severe cases $ere

discarded after the aircraft impact resu(ts +ere compared to oserved events. The midd(e cases ?+hich

ecame &ase A for )T& 3 and &ase & for )T& $@ +ere discarded after the structura( response ana(ysis

of ma-or susystems +ere compared to oserved events. ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!$F emphasis added.@

The 1'ST report ma:es for interesting reading. The (ess severe cases ased on empirica( data +ere

discarded ecause they did not resu(t in ui(ding co((apse. But None must save the hypothesis,O so more

severe cases +ere tried and the simu(ations t+ea:ed, as +e read in the 1'ST report6

The more severe case ?+hich ecame &ase B for )T& 3 and &ase D for )T& $@ +as used for

the g(oa( ana(ysis of each to+er. &omp(ete sets of simu(ations +ere then performed for &ases B

and D. To the e2tent that the simulations deviated &rom the photographic evidence or

eye$itness reports 0eg* complete collapse occurred* the investigators ad)usted the input*

(ut only $ithin the range o& physical reality Thus* &or instance*the pulling &orces on the

perimeter columns (y the sagging &loors $ere ad)usted... ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!$F emphasis

added.@

The primary role o& the &loors in the collapse o& the to$ers $as to provide in$ard pull

&orces that induced in$ard (o$ing o& perimeter columns ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3#F emphasis

added.@


40/57

y hand 5uite a it even though the UK e;perts comp(ained that Hthe core columns cannot pull the

e2terior 0ie* perimeter columns in via the &loor ?Rane and Ramont, $##CF emphasis added.@

' a(so agree +ith Kevin %yanOs o-ections regarding the 1'ST study. Kevin %yan, at the time a

manager at Under+riters Raoratories ?UR@, ma:es a point of the nonco((apse of actua( )T&ased

mode(s in his (etter to /ran: Lay(e of 1'ST6

As 'Qm sure you :no+, the company ' +or: for certified the stee( components used in the

construction of the )T& ui(dings. 'n re5uesting information from oth our &E and /ire

Protection usiness manager (ast year[ they suggested +e a(( e patient and understand that UR

+as +or:ing +ith your team[ 'Qm a+are of URQs attempts to he(p, inc(uding per&orming tests

on models o& the &loor assem(lies But the results o& these tests indicate that the (uildings

should have easily $ithstood the thermal stress caused (y (urning 0)et &uel* paper* etc.

?%yan, $##!@

That mode(s of )T& trusses at Under+riter Raoratories ?UR@ su-ected to fires did 1T fai( is a(so

admitted in the fina( 1'ST report6

I;T contracted $ith Onder$riters Fa(oratories* Inc to conduct tests to o(tain

in&ormation on the &ire endurance o& trusses li4e those in the WTC to$ers All &our test

specimens sustained the ma2imum design load &or appro2imately 9 hours $ithout

collapsing[ The 'nvestigation Team +as cautious aout using these resu(ts direct(y in the

formu(ation of co((apse hypotheses. 'n addition to the sca(ing issues raised y the test resu(ts, the

fires in the to+ers on Septemer 33, and the resu(ting e;posure of the f(oor systems, +ere

sustantia((y different from the conditions in the test furnaces. 1onethe(ess, the 0empirical test

results esta(lished that this type o& assem(ly $as capa(le o& sustaining a large gravity load*


41/57

$ithout collapsing* &or a su(stantial period o& time relative to the duration o& the &ires in

any given location on ;eptem(er 11. ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!3F emphasis added.@

So ho+ does the 1'ST team -ustify the )T& co((apses, +hen actua( mode(s fai( to co((apse and there are

4ero e;amp(es of firecaused highrise co((apses> Easy, 1'ST concocted computergenerated

hypothetica(s for very HsevereI cases, ca((ed cases B and D ?1'ST, $##C, pp. 3$!3@. f course, the

detai(s are rather hidden to us. And they omit consideration of the comp(ete, rapid and symmetrica(

nature of the co((apses.

'ndeed, 1'ST ma:es the start(ing admission in a footnote on page # of their /ina( %eport6

The focus of the 'nvestigation +as on the se5uence of events from the instant of aircraft impact

to the initiation of co((apse for each to+er. /or revity in this report, this se5uence is referred to

as the Vproa(e co((apse se5uence,V a(though it does not actually include the structural

(ehavior o& the to$er a&ter the conditions &or collapse initiation $ere reached...?1'ST, $##C,

p. #, fn. 3$F emphasis added.@

Again, on page 3!$, 1'ST admits that their computer simu(ation on(y proceeds unti( the ui(ding is

Hpoised for co((apseI, thus ignoring any data from that time on.

The resu(ts +ere a simulation of the structura( deterioration of each to+er from the time of aircraft

impact to the time at $hich the (uilding (ecame unsta(le* ie* $as poised &or collapse ...?1'ST,

$##C, p. 3!$F emphasis added.@

)hat aout the suse5uent comp(ete, rapid and symmetrica( co((apse of the ui(dings> )hat aout the

oserved s5uis> )hat aout the antenna dropping first in the 1orth To+er> )hat aout the mo(ten

meta( oserved in the asement areas in (arge poo(s in oth To+ers and )T& * as +e((> 1ever mind a((

that6 1'ST did not discuss at a(( any data after the ui(dings +ere Hpoised for co((apse.I )e((, some of


42/57

us +ant to (oo: at ARR the data, +ithout V(ac:o;V computer simu(ations that are Had-usted,I perhaps

to ma:e them fit the desired outcome. An hypothesis +hich is nonrefuta(e is nonscientific. n the

other hand, ccamQs ra4or suggests that the simp(est e;p(anation +hich addresses and satisfies ARR the

evidence is most proa(y correct.

1> I;T+s #ailure to ;ho$ PisualiLations

An artic(e in the -ourna( 1e+ &ivi( Engineering ?1&E@ (ends support to concerns aout the

1'ST ana(ysis of the )T& co((apses. 't states6

World Trade Center disaster investigators 0at I;T are re&using to sho$ computer

visualiLations o& the collapse o& the T$in To$ers despite calls &rom leading structural and

&ire engineers* 1&E has (earned. ^isua(isations of co((apse mechanisms are routinely used to

validate the type of finite e(ement ana(ysis mode( used y the 1'ST investigators. The

collapse mechanism and the role played (y the hat truss at the top o& the to$er has (een the

&ocus o& de(ate since the US 1ationa( 'nstitute of Standards Techno(ogy ?1'ST@ pu(ished its

findings[.

University of 0anchester U.K. professor of structura( engineering &o(in Bai(ey said there

+as a (ot to e gained from visua(ising the structura( response. I;T should really sho$ the

visualisationsJ other$ise the opportunity to correlate them (ac4 to the video evidence and

identi&y any errors in the modeling $ill (e lost,I he said[.

A (eading US structura( engineer said 1'ST had ovious(y devoted enormous resources to the

deve(opment of the impact and fire mode(s. HBy comparison the g(oa( structura( mode( is not as

sophisticated,I he said. HThe so&t$are used 0(y I;T has (een pushed to ne$ limits* and

there have (een a lot o& simpli&ications* e2trapolations and )udgment calls ?Par:er, $##CF

emphasis added.@


43/57


44/57

;ome citiLens are ta4ing to the streets to protest the investigation sellout. Sa((y

%egenhard, for one, +ants to :no+ +hy and ho+ the ui(ding fe(( as it did upon her unfortunate

son &hristian, an /D1Y proationary firefighter. And so do +e.

&(ear(y* there are (urning Euestions that need ans$ers Based on the incident+s

magnitude alone* a &ull-throttle* &ully resourced* &orensic investigation is imperative. !ore

important* &rom a moral standpoint* 0are considerations &or the sa&ety o& present and

&uture generations[ ?0anning, $##$F emphasis added@.

This editoria( does not mention the contro((eddemo(ition hypothesis, ut rightfu((y o-ects to the rapid

destruction of the structura( stee( +hich +ou(d provide crucia( evidence from the crime scene. )e agree

that such destruction of evidence is +rong, and that a thorough investigation is imperative.

/or more than three months, structural steel &rom the World Trade Center has (een and

continues to (e cut up and sold &or scrap Crucial evidence that could ans$er many

Euestions a(out high-rise (uilding design practices and per&ormance under &ire conditions

is on the slo$ (oat to China, perhaps never to e seen again in America unti( you uy your ne;t

car.

;uch destruction o& evidence sho$s the astounding ignorance o& government o&&icials

to the value o& a thorough* scienti&ic investigation of the (argest fireinduced co((apse in +or(d

history. ' have comed through our nationa( standard for fire investigation, 1/PA 2$3, ut

no+here in it does one find an e;emption a((o+ing the destruction o& evidence &or (uildings

over 1, stories tall. ?0anning, $##$F emphasis added@.

'n an editoria( in "ire Engineering , Septemer, $##!, Bi(( 0anning critici4es the 2733 &ommission

report and rene+s his ca(( for a ne+ investigation, the ma-or goa( of this paper a(so6


45/57

The recommendations contained +ithin &hapter 2 of the 2733 &ommission %eport, the chapter

dea(ing +ith emergency response, are disappointing(y sparse in detai(s. Sure(y, the (argest and

most tragic emergency response in history demands a more intensive, more critica( investigative

effort, especia((y since the 2733 &ommission touts its effort as the Vdefinitive accountV of the

incident. 0ore important(y, the response community* the pu(lic* and the &allen heroes and

their &amilies deserve the na4ed truth* $hatever that may (e.

To o(scure the truth &or political motivation is contempti(le in itsel& To use our &allen

(rothers to accomplish that political sleight-o&-hand is nothing short o& monstrous

The 8711 Commission+s treatment o& the emergency response component is a disgrace

The &ire service and the pu(lic must demand that a ne$ investigative (ody (e assem(led to

launch a &ull* complete* and politically impartial investigation into the emergency response

issues (eading up to and inc(uding the 2733 disaster. r donQt +e have the stomach for it> To do

anything (ess +ou(d e a disservice to the ! rothers and a(( the other good peop(e +ho

perished that day, a disservice to our nation, and a disservice to ourse(ves. ?0anning, $##!@

Analysis by Whistleblower Ryan

Kevin %yan, the +hist(e(o+er from Under+riters Raoratories, did his o+n rief statistica(

ana(ysis in a recent (etter regarding the 1'ST report, arguing that proai(ities of co((apseinitiation

needed to e ca(cu(ated ?%yan, $##C@. 1'ST no+here provides such a (i:e(ihood ana(ysis for their non

e;p(osive co((apse mode(. %yanOs estimate is that the proai(ity that fires and damage ?the Hofficia(

theoryI@ cou(d cause the To+ers comp(ete co((apse is (ess than one in a trillion, and the proai(ity is

much (ess sti(( +hen the comp(ete co((apse of )T&* is inc(uded6


46/57

To fo((o+ the (atest V(eading hypothesisV of 1'ST, +hat are the odds that a(( the

&ireproo&ing fe(( off in -ust the right p(aces, even far from the point of impact> )ithout much test

data, (etQs say itQs one in a thousand. And +hat are the odds that the office furnishings converged

to supp(y high(y directed and ?someho+@ forcedo;ygen fires at very precise points on the

remaining co(umns> 's it another one in a thousand> )hat is the chance that those points +ou(d

then a(( soften in unison, and give +ay perfect(y, so that the high(y duious Vprogressive g(oa(

co((apseV theory cou(d e orn> ' +ou(dnQt even care to guess. But fina((y, +ith +e(( over a

hundred fires in ta(( ui(dings through history, +hat are the chances that the first, second and

third incidents of fireinduced co((apse +ou(d a(( occur on the same day> RetQs say itQs one in a

mi((ion. &onsidering -ust these fe+ points +eQre (oo:ing at a one in a tri((ion chance, using

generous estimates and not rea((y considering the third ui(ding ?no p(ane, no -et fue(, different

construction for )T& *@.


47/57

Faculty upport !n"estigation

' presented my o-ections to the Hofficia(I theory at a seminar at BYU on Septemer $$, $##C,

to aout si;ty peop(e. ' a(so sho+ed evidence and scientific arguments for the contro((ed demo(ition

theory. 'n attendance +ere facu(ty from Physics, 0echanica( Engineering, &ivi( Engineering, E(ectrica(

Engineering, Psycho(ogy, Leo(ogy, and 0athematics and perhaps other departments as ' did not

recogni4e a(( of the peop(e present. A (oca( university and co((ege +ere represented ?BYU and Utah

^a((ey State &o((ege@.

The discussion +as vigorous and (asted near(y t+o hours. 't ended on(y +hen a university c(ass

needed the room. After presenting the materia( summari4ed here, inc(uding actua((y (oo:ing at and

discussing the co((apses of )T& * and the To+ers, on(y one attendee disagreed ?y handvote@ that

further investigation of the )T& co((apses +as ca((ed for. The ne;t day, the dissenting professor said he

had further thought aout it and no+ agreed that more investigation +as needed.


48/57

thus causing their co((apse. /or e;amp(e, &hris )ise in a BB& piece spouted out fa(se notions +ith

great gusto

H't +as the fire that :i((ed the ui(dings. ThereOs nothing on earth that cou(d survive those

temperatures +ith that amount of fue( urning[ The co(umns +ou(d have me(ted, the f(oors

+ou(d have me(ted and eventua((y they +ou(d have co((apsed one on top of the other.I ?5uoted

in Pau( and


49/57

pans in the To+ers +arp due to fires, and the f(oor connections to the vertica( eams rea:, and these

f(oor pans then fa(( do+n onto the f(oor pans e(o+, initiating Hprogressive co((apseI or panca:ing of

one f(oor pan on another. êry simp(e. But not so fast +hat happens to the enormous core co(umns to

+hich the f(oors +ere firm(y attached> )hy donOt these remain standing (i:e a spind(e +ith the f(oor

pans fa((ing do+n around them, since the connections are presumed to have ro:en a+ay> This

interconnected stee( core is founded on edroc: ?0anhattan schist@. /E0A does not tota((y ignore the

core6

As the f(oors co((apsed, this (eft ta(( freestanding portions of the e;terior +a(( and possi(y

centra( core co(umns. As the unsupported height of these freestanding e;terior +a(( e(ements

increased no mention of the huge centra( core anymoreG, they uc:(ed at the o(ted co(umn

sp(ice connections and a(so co((apsed.I ?/E0A. $##$F emphasis added@

This approach fina((y fai(s to account for the oserved co((apse of the !* interconnected core co(umns

+hich are massive and designed to ear the +eight of the ui(dings, and it has the stri:ing +ea:ness of

evident(y re5uiring the connections of the f(oor pans to the vertica( co(umns to rea:, oth at the core

and at the perimeter co(umns, more or (ess simu(taneous(y.

That didnOt +or: out, so 1'ST goes ac: to the dra+ing oard. They re5uire that the connections

of the f(oor pans to vertica( co(umns do 1T fai( ?contrary to /E0AOs mode(@, ut rather that the f(oor

pans Hpu((I +ith enormous force, sufficient to cause the perimeter co(umns to significant(y pu(( in,

(eading to fina( fai(ure ?contrary to o-ections of A%UP /ire e;perts, discussed aove@. A(so, 1'ST

constructs a computer mode( ut rea(istic cases do not actua((y (ead to ui(ding co((apse. So they

Had-ustI inputs unti( the mode( fina((y sho+s co((apse initiation for the most severe cases. The detai(s of

these Had-ustmentsI are hidden from us, in their computeri4ed hypothetica(s, ut Hthe hypothesis is

saved.I 1'ST a(so has Under+riters Raoratories construct mode(s of the )T& trusses, ut the mode(s

+ithstand a(( fires in tests and do 1T co((apse. ?See aove for detai(s.@


50/57

)e are (eft +ithout a compe((ing fire7impactdamage mode(, un(ess one (ind(y accepts the 1'ST

computer simu(ation +hi(e ignoring the mode( firetests, +hich 'Om not +i((ing to do. 1'ST did not

even do the routine(yused visua(i4ations to va(idate their finitee(ement ana(ysis mode( ?point 3!

aove@. And none of the Hofficia(I mode(s out(ined aove accounts for +hat happens to the ui(dings

A/TE% the ui(ding is Hpoised for co((apseI ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3!$@ name(y the rapid and near(y

symmetrica( and comp(ete co((apses. %eports of e;p(osions, heard and seen, are not discussed. And

they ignore the s5uis seen e-ected from f(oors far from +here the -ets hit particu(ar(y seen in )T& *

?+here no -et hit at a((@. /ina((y, +hat aout that mo(ten meta( under the ru(e pi(es of a(( three )T&

s:yscrapers and the ye((o++hite hot mo(ten meta( seen f(o+ing from the South To+er -ust prior to its

co((apse>

%emar:a(y, the contro((ed demo(ition hypothesis accounts for a(( the avai(a(e data rather

easi(y. The core co(umns on (o+er f(oors are cut using e;p(osives7incendiaries, nearsimu(taneous(y,

a(ong +ith cutting charges detonated up higher so that gravity acting on no+unsupported f(oors he(ps

ring do+n the ui(dings 5uic:(y. The co((apses are thus nearsymmetrica(, rapid and comp(ete, +ith

accompanying s5uis rea((y very standard stuff for demo(ition e;perts. Thermate ?+hose end product

is mo(ten iron@ used on some of the stee( co(umns readi(y accounts for the mo(ten meta( +hich then

poo(ed eneath the ru(e pi(es as +e(( as the su(fidation oserved in stee( from oth the )T& * and

To+ers ru(e pi(es ?points 3 and $ aove@.

' e(ieve this is a straightfor+ard hypothesis, much more proa(e actua((y than the officia(

hypothesis. 't deserves scientific scrutiny, eyond that +hich ' have een a(e to out(ine in this treatise.

Conclusions

' have ca((ed attention to g(aring inade5uacies in the Hfina(I reports funded y the US

government. ' have a(so presented mu(tip(e evidences for an a(ternative hypothesis. 'n particu(ar, the


51/57

officia( theory (ac:s repeatai(ity in that no actua( mode(s or ui(dings ?efore or since 233#3@ have

een oserved to comp(ete(y co((apse due to the proposed fireased mechanisms. n the other hand,

do4ens of ui(dings have een comp(ete(y and symmetrica((y demo(ished through the use of pre

positioned e;p(osives. And hightemperature chemica( reactions can account for the oserved (arge

poo(s of mo(ten meta(, under oth To+ers and )T& *, and the su(fidation of structura( stee(. The

contro((eddemo(ition hypothesis cannot e dismissed as V-un: scienceV ecause it etter satisfies tests of

repeatai(ity and parsimony. 't ought to e serious(y ?scientifica((y@ investigated and deated.

A tru(y independent, crossdiscip(inary, internationa( pane( shou(d e formed. Such a pane(

+ou(d consider a(( via(e hypotheses, inc(uding the prepositionede;p(osives theory, guided not y

po(itici4ed notions and constraints, ut rather y oservations and ca(cu(ations, to reach a scientific

conc(usion. 'f possi(e it +ou(d 5uestion, under oath, the officia(s +ho approved the rapid remova( and

destruction of the )T& stee( eams and co(umns efore they cou(d e proper(y ana(y4ed.

1one of the governmentfunded studies have provided serious ana(yses of the e;p(osive

demo(ition hypothesis at a((. Unti( the aove steps are ta:en, the case for accusing i((trained 0us(ims

of causing a(( the destruction on 233#3 is far from compe((ing. 't -ust does not add up.

And that fact shou(d e of great concern to Americans. ?%yan, $##!@. &(ear(y, +e must find out

+hat rea((y caused the )T& s:yscrapers to co((apse as they did. The imp(ications of +hat happened on

27337$##3 c(ear(y supercede partisan po(itics. Physics sheds (ight on the issue +hich +e ignore to our

peri( as +e contemp(ate the +ars that have een and may yet e -ustified on the asis of the 2733 tragedy

and its Vofficia(V interpretation.

To this end, 1'ST must re(ease the ",22 photographs and over ## hours of video recordings

ac5uired most(y y private parties +hich it admits to ho(ding ?1'ST, $##C, p. 3@. Evidence re(ating to

)T& * and its mysterious co((apse must not e he(d ac:. 'n particu(ar, photos and ana(yses of the

mo(ten meta( oserved in the asements of oth To+ers and )T&* need to e rought forth to the

internationa( community of scientists and engineers immediate(y. Therefore along with others $ call for


52/57

the release of these and all relevant data for scrutiny %y a cross-disci!linary international team of

researchers. The e&!losive-demolition hy!othesis will %e considered# all o!tions will %e on the ta%le.

A#T5RW:RD

'n +riting this paper, ' ca(( for a serious investigation of the hypothesis that )T&* and the T+in

To+ers +ere rought do+n, not -ust y impact damage and fires, ut through the carefu((y p(anned use

of e;p(osives7incendiaries. ' have presented amp(e evidence for the contro((eddemo(ition hypothesis,

+hich is testa(e and fa(sifia(e and yet has not een serious(y considered in any of the studies funded

y the US government.

At the same time, ' ac:no+(edge that other notions have sprung up in the near vacuum of officia(

consideration of this very p(ausi(e hypothesis. These notions must e su-ected to carefu( scrutiny. ' y

no means endorse a(( such ideas. A 0arch $##C artic(e in Popu(ar 0echanics focuses on poor(y

supported c(aims and proceeds to ridicu(e the +ho(e H233 truth movementI ?&hertoff, $##C@. Serious

rep(ies to this artic(e have a(ready een +ritten ?


53/57

the +or(d. But in the USA, ' am edited and even though ' have a (ot of respect from the media, '

am as:ed constant(y aout other su-ects and issues ut nothing aout the e;p(osions of that day.

&ongratu(ations from the side of the rea((y affected on that day. Keep up your investigations.

)i((iam %odrigue4


54/57

suasement. )i((iam %odrigue4 and other +itnesses may shed additiona( (ight on the e;p(osions in

the To+ers on 27337$##3.

AC6:WF5DG!5T;

' gratefu((y ac:no+(edge comments and contriutions y Jim


55/57

De Lrand Pre, Donn ?$##$@. H0any uestions Sti(( %emain Aout Trade &enter Attac:,I American

"ree Press, /eruary , $##$, avai(a(e at6

http677+++.americanfreepress.net7#$8#8#$7Trade8&enter8Attac:7trade8center8attac:.htm(

D+yer, James ?$##C@. H&ity to %e(ease Thousands of ra( Science, Engineering,

and Specu(ationI, ournal of the (inerals (etals and (aterials Society, C73$633 ?$##3@.

/E0A ?$##$@. H)or(d Trade &enter Bui(ding Performance Study,I re(eased 0ay $##$, avai(a(e at6

http677+++.fema.gov7(irary7+tcstudy.shtm.

/ie(d, Andy ?$##!@. HA Roo: 'nside a %adica( 1e+ Theory of the )T& &o((apse,I "ire/2escue News,

/eruary *, $##!. Avai(a(e at http677cms.firehouse.com7content7artic(e7artic(e.-sp>

section'd!"id$C#*

L(an4, James ?$##3@. HEngineers are aff(ed over the co((apse of * )T&F Stee( memers have een

part(y evaporated,I New York Times, 1ovemer $2. $##3.

L(an4, James, and Ripton, Eric ?$##$@. HTo+ers )ithstood 'mpact, ut /e(( to /ire, %eport Says,I /ri

0arch $2, $##$, New York Times.

L(over, 1orman ?$##$@. /ire Engineering -ourna(, ctoer $##$.

Lreening, /ran: ?$##"@, unpu(ished. Avai(a(e at6 http677+++.233myths.com7)T&T


56/57


57/57

Par:er, Dave ?$##C@. V)T& investigators resist ca(( for co((apse visua(isation,V 1e+ &ivi( Engineer,

ctoer ", $##C.

Pau(, Don, and

Date post:	06-Jul-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	mahmoud-qousi
View:	213 times
Download:	0 times

whyindeed (1).doc

Documents