Wildlife Managementand Vector Control

During Livestock or PoultryDisease Outbreaks

Example FADsArthropod Vectors

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

 

Relevant

Wildlife

Domestic Livestock

Transmission Route 

Disease

Bird

Feral Swine

Deer

Cattle

Horses

Pig

Poultry

Sheep/Goat

Direct Contact

Indirect/Fomites

Ingestion

Inhaled/Aerosol

Vector-borneZoonotic

African swine fever                       

 ticks No

Avian influenza                       

  Yes

Classical swine fever                       

  No

Foot-and-mouth disease                        

  No

Rift Valley fever             

 

        mosquitoes Yes

Swine vesicular disease              

 

         Yes

Vesicular stomatitis             

 

       

 biting midges

Yes

Wildlife

●Free-ranging●Native or feral●Wildlife can– Be infected– Serve as a reservoir– Further spread

pathogen

●Indicator of disease

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Arthropod Vectors

●Living organism that carries disease agent between animals

●Arthropods–Mosquitoes– Ticks– Biting midges– Flies

●Bite or body part

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Agencies Involved

●Wildlife– State and local

wildlife management agencies

– USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife

Disease Program

●Arthropod vectors– Public health

if human impactJust In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Assessment

●Determine if wildlife or arthropod vectors involved– Species present– Infected or carrier– Potential spread

of disease agent– Level of interaction

●Determine riskto livestock or poultry

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Disease Surveillance

●Determine absence, presence and potential spread

●Diagnostic sampling – Live capture– Observation– Carcass collection

●Animal movement into and out of Control Area can pose challenges

Just In Time Training

Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Wildlife Management

●Measures to minimize spread to domestic livestock

●Species present or involved

●Population density and distribution

●Habitat●Social organizationJust In Time Training

Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Wildlife Management

●Removal and relocation

●Dispersal●Habitat alteration●Natural or

artificial barriers●Wildlife able to

evade and disperse

Just In Time Training

Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Short-term and Long-term Goals

●Short term– Contain, control outbreak in livestock

●Long term– Control or eliminate disease from

wildlife species–May require extended management

●Consider consequences– Ecosystem and environment– Trade implications

Just In Time Training

Vector Control

●Understand life cycle– Life stages

vary in habitat and ability to transmit disease

●Minimize contact with vector– Keep animals away

from vector habitat– Shelter during peak

vector timesJust In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Vector Control

●Source reduction– Habitat reduction/

elimination– Parasitic or

predatory insects

●Control adults– Chemical control

Fogging, knockdown Baits, fly traps Supplemental

measure

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Controlling the egg and larval stagesis usually more efficient than controlling adults

Other Response Activities

●Many disease controlactivities implementedduring response– Quarantine and

Movement Control– Cleaning and Disinfection– Personal Protective Equipment

●Other JIT presentations available– http://

www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Emergency-Response/ just-in-time-training.php

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

●Safety is a priority●Handling and

restraint of wildlife– Trained, experienced

personnel

●Vector control chemicals

●Zoonotic disease

Wildlife Management and Vector ControlJust In Time Training

Safety

Additional Resource

●FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines:Wildlife Management and Vector Control for an FAD Response in Domestic Livestock

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/fadprep

Just In Time Training Wildlife Management and Vector Control

Acknowledgments

Development of this presentation was by the

Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa

State University through funding from the Multi-

State Partnership for Security in Agriculture

Authors: Abbey Smith; Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM