Will my horse need to be sedated during a dental exam?
Some horses find the process of having their mouth opened and instruments placed in the oral cavity to be stressful.
For a complete oral examination and good quality corrective care, most horses benefit from a mild sedative to relieve any stress or unnecessary movement on the patient's part.
When the horse is sedated, it allows us to do a better job in a safer way
Dental Equipment• Dental floats• Extractors• Wolf tooth• Premolars (cap)• Molars• Periosteal elevator• Forceps• Electric dremmel
Clean and Sanitary
All dental instruments, the speculum (device that holds the horse’s mouth open), buckets, etc are all cleaned and washed with an antimicrobial disinfectant (Nolvasan) between each and every horse. No exceptions!
Diagnostic Imaging
Dentist should have access to diagnostic imaging equipment such as x-rays, preferably digital x-rays.
This allows us to uncover and manage a host of equine dental abnormalities.
What is the difference between traditional floating and power floating?
Traditionally, horses have had their sharp enamel points and dental crown elongations reduced with hand-held rasps (floats).
These manual dental instruments have improved in quality over the past 20 years but still require a reasonable amount of manual dexterity, physical strength and "elbow grease.”
High quality dental tools powered by electricity or compressed air have become readily available and affordable over the past 10 years. These instruments reduce the physical effort that is required, and with expertise and caution, allow for more complete and efficient dental care.
Common Dental Procedures
• Dental Equilibration - “Floating” to remove enamel points
• Extract wolf teeth.• Reduce hooks• Reduce ramps• Correct unopposed
teeth• Correct overgrown
teeth
Dental Equilibration
• Removal of sharp enamel points
• Buccal surface – maxillary arcade
• Lingual surface – mandibular arcade
• Most common procedure performed on adult (7 – 15 years of age) horses
Equine Dentistry: “Floating” Technique
• Develop a sequential approach:
Outside of upper arcade Inside of lower arcade• Seat float with short
strokes.• Lengthen strokes as float
cuts into teeth.• Maintain float handle
parallel to occlusal surface.
The finished product
Retained Deciduous Premolars- Caps
Wolf Tooth Extraction
Indication:• Vestigial, serve no
purpose and may cause problems
• Head tossing• Irritation secondary to
bit trauma• Beginning training
Wolf Tooth Extraction
Procedure:• Sedation• Local anesthesia• Loosen with periosteal
elevator• Extract with small
forceps• May require rongeurs
to remove broken root from below gum line
Wolf Tooth Extraction
• Do not leave broken tooth root under gingiva.
• Choke the elevator to prevent laceration of the palatine artery.
• Should the palatine artery be lacerated-fold a towel, place into mouth, and tape shut for 30 minutes.
Other Dental Procedures
• Incisor reduction• Canine reduction• Molar reduction• “Bit seat”
Incisor reduction• Correction of incisor
misalignment• Hand float• Dremel tool• Motorized raspImprove molar contact
Canine Reduction• Erupts between 4 – 6 years of age• Reason for reducing canines Disarm a horse with dental weapons Prevents entrapping tongue
between bit and tooth Prevents ulceration of tongue Prevents damage to canine by horse,
bit, etc.. Prevents trauma to dentist• Pulp in young horses with 5-mm of
crown• Reduce to level or just below
occlusal surface of 06
Molar/Premolar Reduction
• Reduction of excess clinical crown
• Step mouth• Severe ramps and hooks• Wave mouth• Shear mouth
“Bit Seat”
Rounding of the rostral edge of 106/206 and 306/406
Smooth surface for cheek to rest with bit pressure
Hooks/Ramps
• Excessive crown is greater in the vertical axis
o Hooks – 106/206o Ramps – 311/411• Result of mal-alignment
of the mandibular and maxillary arcades
• Function of domestication
Step Mouth
• Individual super-erupted tooth
• Usually un-apposedo Missing apposing tooth
Wave Complex
• A series of super erupted teeth apposed by a series of excessively worn teeth
o Age relatedo Wearing of the
infundibular enamel
Recommendations
Foals and juveniles (0 – 7 years) Semiannual exam Tooth eruption Congenital defects Soft enamel
Adults (7 – 15 years) Annual exam Odontophytes Dental attrition
Geriatric (15 + years) Semiannual exam Periodontal disease
Do donkeys and mules require different dental care than do horses?
All equine species have the same type dentition.
We see the same types of pathology and wear patterns in donkeys, mules, zebras and horses.
Under current domestication practices, all require regular dental care.
• A.A.E.P 1996. The official Guide for Determining the Age of the Horse. American Association of Equine Practitioners. Golden, Colorado.
• Blackwell. 2009. Equine Manual for Veterinary Technicians. Blackwell Publishing. Ames, Iowa
• Equine Dentistry• Charles T. McCauley, DVM, Dip ABVP Dip ACVS• Assistant Professor of Equine Surgery,• School of Veterinary Medicine• Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge LA
