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PUMP FUNDAMENTALS
Darwin S. Ibanez
darwin.ibanez@wilo-philippi
nes.co
!"#$ %&' (!)&
WILO SE
9F Unit 905, Pearl Bank Centre146 Valero Street, Salcedo Villae,
!akati Cit" P#ili$$ine%
& ' 0() 5** ) 4016 +-ilo-co./
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]7/24/2019 Wilo Pump Data
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What will we cover?
P.$in S"%te. Ca$acit" +Flo ate/ &otal 2"na.ic 3ead
Static 3ead 2"na.ic 3ead Sction #ead Sction lit init" La% PS3 S"%te. Cr7e
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PumpingSystems
ll o t#e $i$in
Ve%%el Ot#er t"$e% o e8i$.ent +7al7e%, .eter%, elo%, etc-/,
E7er"t#in t#at i% interconnected to or. a $at# or
li8id to lo
A pumping system consists of:
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Pumping Systems
e a.ont o li8idloin t#ro# a
$.$in %"%te. i%
knon a% t#e
capacity or flow rate
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Pumping Systems
$.$ .%t o7erco.e
t#e resistanceo a
$.$in %"%te. in order
to ca%e a li8id to loco.$letel" t#ro# t#e
%"%te.
e%i%tance to li8id lo i%knon a% a $.$in
%"%te.:% &otal 2"na.ic
3ead +&23/
PumpResistance
Head
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Pumping Systems
&otal 2"na.ic 3ead +&23/ i% t#e %. o to $art%'
Total Dynamic Head
Static Head
+
Dynamic Head
ll 3ead 7ale% are .ea%red in Feet or !eter% )&r%t .e or no, .ore later ;;;
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Pumping Systems
Static #ead re$re%ent% t#e
re%i%tance o a $.$in
%"%te. eore t#e li8id
i% %et into .otion
2"na.ic #ead re$re%ent%
t#e re%i%tance o a$.$in %"%te. #ile
t#e $.$ed lid i% in
.otion
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Static Head
e $ri.ar" co.$onent o Static #eadi% t#e ele7ation dierence
eteen'
t#e %race o t#e li8id at t#e $oint o %ction
t#e %race o t#e li8id at t#e $oint o di%c#areStatic #ead al%o accont% or t#e $re%%re dierential eteen t#e $oint
o %ction and t#e $oint o di%c#are
Static #ead doe% not 7ar" it# ca$acit"
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Centrifugal Pump HydraulicsStatic Pump Head (Flooded Suction)
PumpCenterline
SuctionHead
DischargeHead
StaticHead
!ample "# $on%&perating (Static)
Static Head'HD % HS
HS
HD
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Centrifugal Pump HydraulicsStatic Pump Head (Flooded Suction)
PumpCenterline
F*
#+F*
#,F*
!ample "# $on%&perating (Static)
Static Head'#+-%-' #,-
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Centrifugal Pump HydraulicsStatic Pump Head (Suction .ift)
PumpCenterline
DischargeHead
Suction
.ift
StaticHead
!ample ", $on%&perating (Static)
Static Head'HD / .S
HD
.Sote' %ction lit re8ire%%el $ri.in $.$% or%ction c#eck 7al7e%
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Centrifugal Pump HydraulicsStatic Pump Head (Suction .ift)
PumpCenterline
#+F*
,
F*
#0F*
!ample ", $on%&perating (Static)
Static Head'
#+-/,-' #0-
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Dynamic Head
2"na.ic #ead lo%%e%are t#o%e lo%%e% t#at are reali
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Dynamic Head
Eac# co.$onent o a
$.$in %"%te.
contrite% to t#e
d"na.ic #ead lo%%e% or
t#e entire %"%te.
t#ro# Friction Lo%%e%
cceleratin t#e $.$ed
lid ro.
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Friction Head .oss
t"$ical riction lo%% tale or $i$in ill%trate% riction lo%%e% a% anction o ca$acit", $i$e dia.eter > $i$e lent#
See t#e reerence .aterial% in "or cla%%roo. #andot
Friction #ead lo%%e% increa%e dra%ticall" it# increa%ed lo
Ft. PSI Ft. PSI Ft. PSI Ft. PSI
1 !"# $" 1"% "% "% "& "$ "1
' '("1 1"% !"$ '") '"# 1"$ "# "&
$ (&"! '$"( 1$"! ("! !"$ '") 1"% "%
& #(" &"# '$"( 1"1 1"% &"! $"1 1"$
&( $") 1$"' 1$"( ("% $"# 1")
) !%"% '#"! $1"$ 1$"( %"# $"%
1 !'"' '!"% 1)"& )"(
2"GPM
1.25"1" 1.50"
Head loss in Feet (PS1) per #- of pipe
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Friction Head .oss
Friction loss ta2lescan 2e o2tained from the componentmanufacturer or various other reference sources
Friction losses are a function of capacity and component si3e
*ery component of a pumping system has associated
friction losses
TYPE 1 2 3 4
#
*l,ow
1"! $"1 &"& ("#
-ateale
1"' '"! '"% '"#
-lo,e
ale
&( ) #& 1'
Swing
chec.
)"' 1) ') $%
*/uialent length
'( 1 1)( '(
-P0
PS
'
1(
1
(
12 '2 $2
3low meters
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Friction Head .oss
E8i7alent lent# o ittin%'
* elo% ? * @ +AV((/ ? * 0-*6 1-4( ? 1-5*:
Pi$e lent# ? 4: D 4: D (: D (0: D (0: D 1: D (0: ? :
&otal riction lo%%e% ? 1-5: D +: @ 1-4100/ ? 1:
G W#ere t#e $i$e riction lo%% i% 1-4: $er #ndred eet
n this e4ample the friction loss calculation is:
Pump
'2 Pipe
%5
'5
'51%5
'5
Static 3ead
Sction Lit
'5
&5
&5
6o77le
#"'5 re/5d
System 3low 8 1 -P0
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Friction Head .oss
6o77le
#"'5 re/5d
E8i7alent lent# o ittin%' ( elo% ? ( @ +0-*6 1-4(/: ? 1-0(:
Pi$e lent# ? (0: D (0: D 1: D (0: ? :
&otal riction lo%%e% ? 1-0( D+: @ 1-4100/ ? 15:
n this e4ample the friction loss calculation is:
Pump
'2 Pipe
1(5
'5 '5
'5
'5
Static 3ead
1%5Sction 3ead
System 3low 8 1 -P0 '5
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4elocity Head
Velocit"3ead Lo%% i% %i.$l" a nction o t#e 7elocit" ot#e lid loin t#ro# t#e $.$in %"%te.
i% 7ale i% %all" %.all, and oten nelected ) BeCarel
e a$$ro$riate 7ale i% i7en in .an" riction lo%% tale%
9elocity ftsec
9elocity head loss
in feet
37? V(( ? -0155 V(
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*otal Dynamic Head
e $.$in
%"%te.:% total
d"na.ic #ead i%
%i.$l" t#e %. o
t#e %"%te.:% %tatic
#ead and d"na.ic
#ead
;hat is my
system5s TDHT?
Static Head
Dynamic
Head
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System Curve
e %"%te. de%iner can c#ane t#e %#a$e o t#e S"%te.cr7e " alterin t#e %iAPA>T?
Dynamic
Head
Static Head
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System Curve
e end %er can c#ane t#e %#a$e o t#e S"%te. cr7e " o$enin orclo%in %"%te. 7al7e%, c#anin e8i$.ent or $i$in la"ot%, and7ar"in t#e li8id le7el% in t#e %ction or di%c#are tank%
H*AD
>APA>T?
Dynamic
Head
Static Head
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;ental $ote
I%olatint#e $.$ or .aintenance
con%ideration%
U%in t#e di%c#are 7al7e a% a
t#rottlin 7al7e to control t#e
$.$
di%c#are c#eck 7al7e .a" al%o e
re8ired in #i# di%c#are #eada$$lication%
%ction c#eck 7al7ei% re8ired or
%ction lit it#ot a %el $ri.er-
t is a good system design practice to include suction anddischarge ales in a pumping system"
Syste
m@ayo
ut
=lue
prints
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et Po%iti7e Sction 3eadCalclation and $$lication
*he Suction Side &ell &ale Indicator%
K dile oi%e +P.$in ock%Crackin/
K Lo%% o Pre%%reFlo
K Pitted I.$eller%> Veriication
K Prole. Eli.inated B" rottlin
K Pre%%rePoer &rianlation> Cre%
K Increa%e PS3a
K Eli.inate Sction O%trction%
K Increa%e S"%te. 3ead
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Pressure =cting &n *he Surface &f *he .i7uid
t.o%$#eric $re%%re
Pre%%ri
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$PSH=
Pre%%re 7ale% .%t e con7erted to Neet o #ead %int#e olloin or.la'
Feet o #ead ? PSI @ (-*1 %$eciic ra7it"
t.o%$#eric $re%%re ? 14- PSI +%ea le7el/ ? *4 Feet Pre%%ri
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>elative levation &f *he .i7uid
Static %ction #ead increa%e%PS3 eca%e
ra7it" #el$% $ll li8id into t#e $.$ Static %ction lit decrea%e%PS3 eca%e
t#e $.$ .%t ork aain%t ra7it"
PC0P
Static suction head implies that the li/uid
leel is a,oe the inlet of the pump
Static suction lift implies that the li/uid
leel is ,elow the inlet of the pump
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Friction .osses 1n *he Suction Piping
Factor% aectin riction lo%%e% inclde'
GSi
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4apor Pressure &f *he .i7uid
The apor pressure of the li/uid
must ,e carefully considered to
insure proper pump operation
Va$or $re%%re indicate% t#edi7idin line eteen a li8id andit% a%eo% %tate
Va$or $re%%re t"$icall" 7arie% it#te.$eratre
e $re%%re in t#e %ction line.%t ne7er all elo t#e 7a$or$re%%re o t#e li8id
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4apor Pressure
li8id it# a 7a$or $re%%re o $%i 100 de Fre8ire% at lea%t $%i o $re%%re actin on it:%
%race to %ta" a li8id-
e $re%%re in a lid #andlin %"%te. .%t ee8al to or reater t#an t#e 7a$or $re%%re o t#e
li8id at e7er" $oint t#ro#ot t#at %"%te.-
Wit#ot %icient $re%%re t#e li8id ill la%# intoa a% and eco.e n)$.$ale-
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@ust 6ive ;e *he Formula
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$et Positive Suction Head
HS ( / )
PA ( / )
HF ( % )
P4 ( % )
.owest .i7uid Height =2ove *he SuctionCenterline &f *he Pump (F*)
=tmospheric (Aarometric) Pressure =2ove*he Suction Source (F*) % =2solute
Friction .oss From *he Source *o *heSuction Centerline &f *he Pump (F*)
4apor Pressure &f the .i7uid =t *he;a!imum &perating *emperature (F*) %=2solute
=vaila2le (System) ' PA / H
S % H
F% P
4
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$et Positive Suction Head =vaila2le
$PSH= ' PA / HS % HF % P4
HS
PA
HF
P4
=ll 4alues ;ust Ae Converted *oFeet From =2solute PressuresB
se Charts =ttached For 4apor
Pressures =t *he Proper*emperature
se *he ;inimum .i7uid Height=2ove *he Pump SuctionB
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$PSH=
PA ' #5:
PS1=
+ & F4P'?
!ample =Flooded Suction % =m2ient *emp5 % Sea .evel
HS '
# F*
HF ' E
' 9 F* / # F* % F* % #5 F*
' 95 F*
$PSH= ' PA / HS % HF % P4
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PA ' #,5 PS1=
, & F4P'?
!ample AFlooded Suction % High *emp5 % High =ltitude ( F*)
HS '
# F*
HF ' F*
' ,:5+ F* / # F* % F* % ,:5+ F*
' #5 F*
$PSH= ' PA / HS % HF % P4
$PSH=
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!ample C
Suction .ift % =m25 *emp5 % Sea .evel
' 9 F* / (%# F*) % F* %#5 F*
' #95 F*
PA ' #5:
PS1=
+ & F4P'#5
HS '
# F*
HF ' F*
$PSH= ' PA / HS % HF % P4
$PSH=
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#5
PS1=
# & F4P'?
!ample DAoiler Feed % Sea .evel
HS '
+ F*
HF ' # F*
' ,59 F* / + F* % # F* % ,5, F*
' 5# F*
$PSH= ' PA / HS % HF % P4
$PSH=
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*H=$ G&B