Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) 2008 · The Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 This...

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Wiltshire Biodiversity

Action Plan 2008

The Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 This document was published by Wiltshire Wildlife Trust on behalf of the Wiltshire Biodiversity Partnership. It was funded by Wiltshire County Council, Natural England and Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. The review of the Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) was coordinated by the Wiltshire BAP Steering Group, which is made up of representatives from Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, Wiltshire County Council, Natural England, Biodiversity South West, Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre, and the Cotswold Water Park Society. Huge thanks go to all of the following organisations and individuals who attended workshops and inputted comments into the revised Wiltshire BAP:

Action for the River Kennet Black Sheep Environmental Management Avon Salmon Group British Trust for Conservation Volunteers Butterfly Conservation British Waterways Center Parcs Cotswold Water Park Society Cotswolds AONB Council for the Protection of Rural England County Recorders Cranborne Chase & West Wilts Downs AONB Deer Initiative Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory Environment Agency Five Rivers Bat Group Forest Enterprise Forestry Commission Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group Game and Wildlife Conservancy Trust Great Bustard Group Great Western Community Forest Independent Ecologist – Lindsay Carrington Kennet District Council Ministry of Defence Mouchel North Wessex Downs AONB National Trust Natural England New Forest National Park Authority North Wiltshire District Council Peoples Trust for Endangered Species Plantlife Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Salisbury District Council Swindon BAP Partnership Thames Water Wessex Salmon and Rivers Trust Wessex Water West Wiltshire District Council Wild Trout Trust Wiltshire and Berkshire Canal Trust Wiltshire & Swindon Biological Records Centre Wiltshire Botanical Society Wiltshire County Council Wiltshire Fisheries Association Wiltshire Greater Horseshoe Bat Project Wiltshire Mammal Group Wiltshire Ornithological Society Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Woodland Trust This document was edited by Sarah Wilkinson, Biodiversity Action Plan Officer at Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. All maps were provided by the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre. Images used are credited individually. Thanks go to Charlotte Watson for providing hand drawn images. Any website links in this document are accessed at the user’s own risk. The Wiltshire Biodiversity Partnership can not take responsibility for the content of external sites. This document is available for download from www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk. Go to this website to find out the latest information on progress being made towards targets and actions and information about upcoming meetings and events, as well as more information about biodiversity in Wiltshire.

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http://www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk/

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Please note: Wiltshire's latest Biodiversity Action Plan will be available in March 2013

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Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan 2008 Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 4 Section One: Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 6

1. The Biodiversity Action Plan Process......................................................................................... 7 2. Biodiversity in Wiltshire.................................................................................................................. 8 3. The Wiltshire BAP 2002 ................................................................................................................ 10 4. Coordination of the BAP ............................................................................................................... 10 5. Progress towards the actions and targets set out in 2002............................................. 10 6. The need for review ....................................................................................................................... 11 Wiltshire BAP 2008 .............................................................................................................................. 13

Section Two: The Action Plans .............................................................................................................. 17

Generic Action Plan ................................................................................................................................. 19 Woodland................................................................................................................................................... 30 Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees ....................................................................................... 39 Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows ............................................................................................. 46 Traditional Orchards ................................................................................................................................ 50 Farmland Habitats .................................................................................................................................... 56 Calcareous Grassland ............................................................................................................................. 67 Unimproved Neutral Grassland.............................................................................................................. 75 Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats ............................................................................................ 82 Standing Open Water .............................................................................................................................. 97 Lowland Heathland Information Note.................................................................................................. 107 Built Environment ................................................................................................................................... 108 Bats Species Action Plan ...................................................................................................................... 117

Section Three: Species........................................................................................................................... 125 Appendix One: Changes in Policy and Attitude since 2002 .............................................................. 143 Appendix Two: Other BAPs.................................................................................................................... 149 Appendix Three: Acronyms .................................................................................................................... 151 Appendix Four: Further Information ...................................................................................................... 155

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Executive Summary Biodiversity in Wiltshire: Wiltshire is a wonderful county for wildlife. It contains a great diversity of habitat types, from its internationally important chalk grassland and chalk rivers, to large networks of standing open water, and ancient hunting forests. The richness of habitats in Wiltshire is reflected in the diversity of species which occur here, including nationally important populations of Marsh Fritillary and farmland birds such as Stone Curlew. Whilst Wiltshire is comparatively rich in terms of its biodiversity, its wildlife has declined at a truly alarming rate over the last 50 years in line with national trends. For example, lowland unimproved grassland, an important habitat type in Wiltshire, is now the single most threatened type of grassland habitat in the UK, and between 1934-1984 it is thought to have declined in extent by 97%. Species have also shown worrying declines, with groups such as farmland birds having declined on average by about 50% since the 1970s. Why is biodiversity important? The wealth of Wiltshire’s wildlife makes it an interesting, beautiful and distinctive place to live. Living organisms are responsible for regulating the air we breathe, the climate we live in and the quality of water we drink. Without biodiversity we would not have soil, food or the other essentials for life as we know it. Biodiversity also provides us with economic benefits. A huge proportion of our medicines, food, raw materials and manufacturing and energy sources are a result of biodiversity. If biodiversity levels fall, the ability of natural systems to adapt to change, or the potential resource available for humans to make use of, declines. Therefore protecting and enhancing biodiversity is in all of our interests. Why a Biodiversity Action Plan? The threats facing wildlife in the UK have now been recognised for many years, and a range of organisations have and are working hard to make Wiltshire a better place for wildlife. The Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan is a tool which summarises and directs the activities of statutory, private and third sector organisations delivering biodiversity activity in Wiltshire. By pulling these actions into one plan, it creates a coherent plan of action which can be delivered through a partnership of organisations working together. It also acts as a vital reporting tool to help monitor key habitats and species. The Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan This document represents the radical revision of the Wiltshire BAP 2002. The new Wiltshire BAP will be updated annually so that it is kept up to date in the light of completed actions and changing circumstances. The revised Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan contains Habitat Action Plans for: Woodland; Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees; Hedgerows; Calcareous Grassland; Neutral Grassland; Traditional Orchards; Farmland Habitats; Built Environment; Standing Open Water; and Rivers, Streams and associated habitats. These are the most significant of the UK priority habitats within the county. In addition a Bats Species Action Plan forms part of the overall Plan. A separate Action Plan has been included for bats as they utilise a wide range of habitats, and there are also some very specific issues relating to them. There are individual actions for some other species under the Habitat Action Plans, and a full list of Wiltshire BAP Species is included in Section Three of the overall Plan. Finally activities supporting a wide range of habitats and species have been grouped under a Generic Action plan.

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Each of these Habitat and Species Action Plans contains objectives, targets and actions that are clearly linked and which are easily measurable so that progress can be meaningfully and accurately determined. Partners have signed up to undertake each action listed, with lead partners responsible for reporting delivery of these actions to the allotted time frame. Each Action Plan has a working group responsible for implementation and taking the Plan forwards. The Wiltshire Biodiversity Partnership has a new website at www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk, where the latest information about progress and working group meetings and events can be found. If your organisation is undertaking activity to maintain or enhance biodiversity in Wiltshire, which is not captured in this Plan, please let us know. Similarly if you feel that your organisation can contribute to any of the existing actions or take on responsibility for new actions to deliver the objectives of the Plan, please let us know.

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http://www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk/

Section One

Introduction

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Introduction 1. The Biodiversity Action Plan Process What is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is a term used to describe the variety of living things. It includes all species of plants and animals, the genetic variation amongst them, and the complex ecosystems of which they are a part. The term itself is formed from the combination of the two words ‘Biological’ and ‘Diversity’.

Figure 1: The term biodiversity encompasses all species of plants and animals, the complex ecosystems and habitats of which they are a part, and the genetic variation amongst them. Photographs: Adonis blues © Richard Aisbitt; Fungi at Savernake © WWT, Birds Foot Trefoil © Tony Coultiss

The term ‘biodiversity’ was brought into prominence following the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992, which was attended by 159 heads of Government, including our own. The Summit was held in light of the growing realisation that the world’s environment was declining rapidly, while at the same time the quality of life of much of the world’s population remained very low. One of the key outcomes of the Earth Summit was the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)1. The CBD was the first treaty to provide a legal framework for the conservation of biodiversity. It required governments to take a wide range of actions to halt and if possible, reverse, the steady decline of species and natural habitats. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan is the UK government’s response to signing the CBD, and was published in 1994. It was followed by a series of action plans for priority habitats and species produced between 1995 and 1999. The UK BAP is currently undergoing its first full review - revised habitat and species targets have now been published, and a revised priority species and habitats list has been produced2. Over 100 BAPs have now been produced on a wide range of geographic scales in the UK. This reflects the fact that wildlife priorities will differ significantly from one area to another. Figure 2 shows how this relates to Wiltshire. 1 Convention on Biological Diversity website: http://www.cbd.int/2 Go to the UK BAP website to view the revised habitat and species targets and view the new priority habitat and species lists – www.ukbap.org.uk

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http://www.biodiversityswindon.co.uk/Glossary/Glossary.aspx



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2. Biodiversity in Wiltshire Wiltshire is a large, predominantly rurahas a population of 433,000 nearly ha5000 people. Wiltshire has a rich and uheritage sites of Stonehenge and Avewildlife interest. “Chalk and Cheese” have often been useinto which much of the county falls. “Chalk” denotes the areas of rolling doPlain and Cranborne Chase. Salisbury unimproved chalk downland in northwetotal of this important habitat, and dividconstitute more than half of Wiltshire’scentral parts of the county. The twograsslands of the Salisbury Plain Trainiha). Chalk streams cut through the dosouth, and the tributaries of the ThameSpecial Area of Conservation, designated “Cheese” refers to the flatter pasture laOxford and Kellaways clays surroundeddrained by streams that flow slowly thrBrook, the Marden and the Biss before t Figure 3 describes the geology of Wiltsh

Souww

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Prodwww.b

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Swindon BAP Produced 2005, undergoing revision

www.biodiversityswindon.org.uk

New Forest BAP Due to be published

Figure 2: The geographical scale of biodiver

UK BAP Produced 1994 /www.ukbap.org.uk/

Wessex Water BAP th West BAP Phase 3: 2006-2009

www.wessexwater.co.uk Produced 1997 wbiodiversity.org.uk

Other County & Local BAPs – see w.swbiodiversity.org.uk for

a full list

l, inland county covering approximately 3255km2. It lf of whom live in towns or villages with fewer than nique heritage – inside its boundaries are the world bury, and about 20,000 sites of archaeological or

d to describe the two geological and landscape forms

wnland including the Marlborough Downs, Salisbury Plain, which supports the largest known expanse of st Europe at 12,933ha represents 41% of the British es the county from north to south. The chalk areas

land mass and dominate the southern, eastern and largest SSSIs in Britain are found on the chalk ng Area (SPTA, 38,000 ha) and Porton Down (1562 wns - the Salisbury Avon and its tributaries in the s in the Marlborough Downs. The Salisbury Avon is a for its wide variety of fish and invertebrates.

nds of north-west Wiltshire, which consist of beds of by a ridge of Corallian limestone. The clay vale is ough steep banks of alluvial silt into the Semington

he water reaches the Bristol Avon.

ire in more detail.

Wiltshire BAP uced 2002, revised 2008 iodiversitywiltshire.org.uk

w.bioportal.org.ukWiltshire

Cotswold Water Park BAP Revised 2007

www.waterpark.org/society/bap.html

Center Parcs BAP Updated 2003

www.centerparcs.co.uk

sity action planning in the UK, using Wiltshire as an example

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Figure 3:

The Geology of Wiltshire

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3. The Wiltshire BAP 2002 Why have a Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan?

• To prioritise action required to conserve Wiltshire’s biodiversity • To provide baseline information on our current knowledge • To coordinate and focus action for biodiversity by creating a cohesive local

partnership • To raise awareness among all sectors in Wiltshire – conservation, public, private,

local communities • To provide a framework for monitoring • To identify current issues and set out targets to work towards

A local action plan is essential in enabling the managers and deliverers of action on the ground to participate in and guide a process of positive action for biodiversity. It also provides opportunities to increase understanding of the issues and support for biodiversity amongst all sectors of the community, not just those actively involved in conservation. “A Vision for Wildlife in Wiltshire, a draft Biodiversity Action Plan”, was published in October 1996. This vision document began the process of positive action for biodiversity in the county, by providing a guide for the Local Agenda 21 process and Structure and Local Plan development. One of its key recommendations was the development of local habitat and species action plans. In 2002 the Wiltshire BAP was published,

Figure 4: The Wiltshire BAP 2002

containing 9 Habitat Action Plans (HAPs) and one grouped Species Action Plan (SAP) for Bats. 4. Coordination of the BAP The Wiltshire BAP is coordinated by the Biodiversity Manager and Biodiversity Action Plan Officer at Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, supported by the Wiltshire BAP Steering Group. The Steering Group is made up of representatives from the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, Natural England and Wiltshire County Council (the three main funders of the BAP) as well as the Cotswold Water Park Society (CWPS), the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre WSBRC) and Biodiversity South West (BioSW). (

Over forty different partners are signed up to deliver actions in the BAP – these organisations make up the Wiltshire BAP Partnership. The Wiltshire BAP Forum is broader again, and acts as the arena for the sharing of information about biodiversity and the BAP in Wiltshire and to raise awareness. Anyone can become a member of the Forum if they want to learn more about the Wiltshire BAP Process, and can attend events organised by the Steering Group or artnership, as well as receive newsletters and other information. P

5. Progress towards the actions and targets set out in 2002 The Wiltshire BAP 2002 has been at the forefront of biodiversity action in Wiltshire over the past seven years, including the guiding and influencing of development, land acquisition, community activity, voluntary action, data gathering, land, river and water body management, habitat restoration and re-creation, and agri-environmental/forestry stewardship schemes In December 2006 a Progress Report was published, illustrating progress against the targets and actions in each HAP and SAP since the inception of the BAP in 2002. A summary of

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progress is given in figure 2. Some progress highlights are given under the supporting text for each specific HAP in this revised BAP.

Cumulative Progress towards Wiltshire BAP Targets - 2002-2005

Completed

Exceeded

Some progress

No progress

Unable toreport

Cumulative Progress towards Wiltshire BAP Actions - 2002-2005

Completed

Exceeded

Some progress

No progress

Unable toreport

Figure 5:

Summary of progress against targets and actions in the Wiltshire BAP 2002.

6. The need for review The Wiltshire BAP Progress Report 2002-2005 illustrates that the Wiltshire BAP has been a successful tool enabling a more focused delivery of priority conservation work in Wiltshire. However, the Progress Report highlighted some quite significant barriers towards progress, and this led to the initiation of a full review of the Wiltshire BAP by the BAP Steering Group at the beginning of 2007. Why changes were required to drive forward Wiltshire BAP implementation:

• Many actions and targets in the 2002 BAP had a deadline of 2005 or earlier and are now out of date

• Objectives, targets and actions were not clearly linked in the 2002 BAP. This is necessary to report nationally to the Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS), so that work done in Wiltshire is shown to contribute to national targets in the UK BAP

Biodiversity Action Reporting System (BARS) http://www.ukbap-reporting.org.uk/

The UK BAP is being delivered by over 1500 organisations, four country biodiversity strategies and programmes, and about 150 local BAPs. While this success in engaging partners into biodiversity conservation is a cause for celebration, it makes it difficult to assess both what is and is not being achieved at UK, country and local levels. This led to the development of BARS, completed in 2004. BARS is an information system that supports the planning, monitoring and reporting requirements of national, local and company BAPs. It also allows users to learn about the progress being made with local and national BAPs. Wiltshire BAP Progress will now be input regularly onto BARS – go to www.ukbap-reporting.org.uk to view the latest updates.

• In order to report progress against the targets and actions in the BAP, they need to be SMART (see information box below)

• The recent review of the UK BAP has informed the review of the Wiltshire BAP • Working groups set up to take forward the action plans in the 2002 BAP had begun to

fall apart, and many required reinvigorating. It was also felt that by refreshing the BAP, the steering group would be able to engage a wider partnership

• The targets in the Generic Action Plan are not measurable or reportable against, they are simply statements

• Swindon was included in the 2002 Wiltshire BAP, but now has its own BAP. Therefore references to Swindon have been removed

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Swindon As Swindon is a Unitary Authority, a separate BAP was published for the Borough in 2005. This was decided after the Wiltshire BAP was published, and thus Swindon currently receives double coverage. The decision was therefore taken by the BAP Review Working Group to remove reference to Swindon when reviewing the Wiltshire BAP. Therefore any figures given in the reviewed action plans do not include Swindon where possible. See www.biodiversityswindon.org.uk for further information about the Swindon BAP.

• The BAP Forum has recognised the need for a more inclusive approach allowing appeal to a wider audience, to engage a wider partnership and to include conservation work at the landscape scale. The WBAP 2002 is a very ‘exclusive’ document with a limited appeal, i.e. to conservation professionals.

• Responsibility for delivery needs to be assigned appropriately, and agreed. The original BAP contained actions for groups such as “garden centres” for which agreement had not been gained, and individuals had not been named. Therefore it was very hard to determine whether there had been any progress against these actions.

• The 2002 BAP included a great deal of ongoing work, rather than prioritising the added value required to meet the conservation requirements of Wiltshire’s habitats and species.

• The sheer number of actions in the 2002 BAP hampered both progress and reporting • The Habitat Action Plans (HAPs) in some cases did not follow national BAP titles, and in

addition the HAPs included required review to make sure that all of the priority habitats found in Wiltshire were covered.

• The UKBAP Habitat and Species review has culminated in the removal of several species from the Priority Species List, and the addition of many others. New habitats have also been named, and others have been revised. The review of the Wiltshire BAP meant that these changes at a national level could be taken into account.

• The 2002 WBAP format does not allow for changes or updates to be made. This is required to ensure that the BAP is a live, up-to-date and current document

• There have been many major changes in policy and attitude since 2002 – these are explained in detail in Appendix One.

SMART target setting The Wiltshire BAP targets and actions set out in 2002 varied substantially in the amount of information that they conveyed. Many were not quantitative and did not contain end dates, making reporting a subjective process. This also made it difficult to integrate UK and local BAP targets in any meaningful or quantitative way. Therefore, in order to keep the Wiltshire BAP in line with the UK BAP, the Review Working Group decided to follow the guidance given by the UK BAP in setting SMART targets: S – Specific - the type of target needs to be defined and targets should represent quantitative milestones towards a point at which the habitat or species are likely to be viable in the long term. M – Measurable – it must be possible to monitor and report progress towards each target. A – Achievable - in proposing new targets, Lead Partners were asked to ensure that they are achievable both biologically and pragmatically, making reasonable assumptions about the availability of space, resources and other factors such as climate change. R- Relevant - the targets should, wherever possible, represent progress towards achieving long-term viability. T – Time-bound - the targets must incorporate a series of time-limited milestones and a deadline.

The revised Wiltshire BAP is an up-to-date, live, strengthened document with increased reportability, ownership and accessibility, which in turn will lead to a stronger partnership and Forum that is better equipped to push forward the implementation of the targets and actions within the BAP.

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Wiltshire BAP 2008 What has been reviewed?

1. HAP and SAP titles (and habitats and species covered) 2. Objectives, targets and actions (structure and content) in each HAP/SAP 3. WBAP Vision and individual HAP/SAP Visions 4. Wiltshire BAP species 5. Generic Action Plan 6. Taking Action Plans forwards

What has been reviewed 1: HAP and SAP titles The aim of this part of the review was to bring HAP and SAP titles in line with UK BAP. The table below shows the changes that have been made and the reasons behind these changes.

2002 HAP/SAP Title 2008 HAP/SAP Title Changes in scope Comments

Generic Action Plan Generic Action Plan Now takes into account changes in policy/attitudes

Woodland Woodland No change to title Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees

Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees

No change to title

Hedgerows Ancient and Species Rich Hedgerows

Title changed to bring the HAP in line with the title of the UK BAP HAP

Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats


Comprehensive coverage of invasives

No change to title.

Standing open water Standing open water To include ponds, wetland mosaics, former mineral sites, reedbed, fen and marsh

No change to title. HAP now includes ponds to bring in line with UK BAP

Arable Farmland Farmland Habitats To include farmland birds, wet grassland and rare arable plants

Title changed to include mixed farming and allow Farmland Birds to be included in the HAP rather than requiring a separate SAP.

Calcareous Grassland Calcareous Grassland No change to title Unimproved Neutral Grassland

Unimproved Neutral Grassland

No change to title

Urban Areas Built Environment To include post-industrial sites and road verges

Title changed to allow the HAP to encompass all built structures, not only those found in urban areas. Post industrial sites have a new HAP at UK level, but have been included under the Built Environment HAP in the Wiltshire BAP.

Bats Bats Now covers all bats in Wiltshire, rather than just a select list

No change to title. Now covers all bats found in Wiltshire.

Traditional orchards New HAP in line with UK BAP

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What has been reviewed 2: Objectives, targets and actions Objectives, targets and actions were not clearly linked in the 2002 BAP. Each of the reviewed action plans is based on the simple model shown below.

Objective

Action Action

Target

Action Action Target Action

The new model allows objectives to be linked to targets which in turn are linked to actions. Each action is also linked to a partner and has a deadline. Annual updates on progress will still take place in the working groups, but this should now be much easier with a more streamlined BAP and the setting of SMART targets. The BAP itself is a live document, in that actions and targets can be amended annually as part of a yearly update – if they become inappropriate for example, or if circumstances change. A full progress report will take place in 2010 – to coincide with the culmination of Countdown 2010. What has been reviewed 3: Wiltshire BAP Vision The Wiltshire BAP 2002 did not have an overall vision – something aspirational that shows everyone where we want to see Wiltshire’s wildlife and habitats in 50 years time.

A Vision for the Wiltshire BAP Wiltshire – a place where people make space for wildlife. Where biodiversity is second nature to everyone, valued by all for its beauty, wildness, and as an important resource for future generations. A landscape where wildlife has space to move and people have room to breathe, helping Wiltshire to flourish in a changing climate.

Each HAP and SAP now also has a vision, which illustrates where the partners involved in creating that Action Plan would like to see that habitat or species in 2030. What has been reviewed 4: Wiltshire BAP species The 2002 BAP gave species variable coverage, and it wasn’t clear which species were and were not on the Wiltshire BAP Species List. See Section Three of this Action Plan for more information about how the Wiltshire BAP Species List and targets and actions for species have been reviewed. What has been reviewed 5: Generic Action Plan The Generic Action Plan (GAP) is a section of the Wiltshire BAP containing overarching themes that apply to many or all of the other Action Plans. However, many of the actions in the 2002 BAP GAP were just statements; they were not quantifiable or reportable against. The Wiltshire BAP Review Working Group has reviewed the GAP. What has been reviewed 6: Taking Action Plans forwards The 2002 BAP set up working groups to take each action plan forwards. Several of these worked very well, however after 5 years, and with significant staff turnover, most of these

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groups have now stopped meeting, or have fallen apart. A key part of this review has been the emphasis on taking forward and implementing the revised action plans, and therefore it has been essential to reinvigorate and set up new working groups. The new working group structure is shown in the table below. If you do not currently sit on a working group but would like to, or would like to receive email correspondence, please contact the working group lead, or the Wiltshire BAP Coordinators. One key point that has come out of the review is that the structure of each group need not be uniform, and that each group should be able to develop how it pleases, taking whatever format works for that particular group.

Working Group

Action Plans covered

Lead and contact details Organisations currently represented

Format of group

Woodland Woodland, Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees, Hedgerows

Ian Briscoe, Forestry Commission (Woodland and Wood-pasture) ian.briscoe@ forestry.gsi.gov.uk Roger Griffin (Hedgerows) roger.griffin@ naturalengland.org.uk

Forestry Commission (FC), Natural England (NE), Wiltshire County Council (WCC), Wiltshire Wildlife Trust (WWT), RSPB, CCWWD AONB, North Wessex Downs AONB, Great Western Community Forest

Twice yearly



Dianne Matthews (Natural England) – dianne.matthews@ naturalengland.org.uk

NE, WCC, WWT, Wessex Water, Environment Agency (EA), Wiltshire Fisheries Association, Action for the River Kennet

Twice yearly

Standing Open Water

Standing Open Water

Gareth Harris (Cotswold Water Park Society - CWPS) - gareth.harris@ waterpark.org

CWPS, NE, WWT, British Waterways, Wilts and Berks Canal Trust, Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre (WSBRC), RSPB

Twice yearly

Farmland Habitats

Farmland Habitats

Simon Smart (Black Sheep Environmental Management) – [email protected]

NE, RSPB, Game Conservancy Trust, WWT, Plantlife, MOD, Black Sheep Countryside Management, Wiltshire Ornithological Society

Twice yearly

Calcareous Grassland

Calcareous Grassland

Robert Lloyd (Natural England) robert.lloyd@natural england.org.uk

NE, WWT, Plantlife, Dstl, National Trust, RSPB, WSBRC, WCC

Twice yearly



Isobel Whitwam (Natural England) – isobel.whitwam@ naturalengland.org.uk

NE, WWT, WSBRC, WCC, WSBRC

Twice yearly

Built Environment

Built Environment, GAP Planning Section

Louisa Kilgallen (Wiltshire County Council) - louisa.kilgallen@ wiltshire.gov.uk

WCC, WWT, NE, WSBRC Three times yearly

Road Verges (existing group)

Road verges (BEO2 under Built Environment HAP)

Fiona Elphick (Wiltshire County Council) – fiona.elphick@ wiltshire.gov.uk

WCC, WSBRC, Mouchel Parkman, Lindsay Carrington Ecological Services (independent consultant)

Between two and four times a year

Bats Bats Purgle Linham (Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre) purgle.linham@ wiltshirewildlife.org

WSBRC, Natural England, WWT, CWPS

Twice yearly

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Traditional Orchards

Traditional Orchards

Working group being set up to develop this HAP. Contact Neil Pullen – [email protected] for more information

Small working group established between WWT and Natural England

Being taken forward in 2008

Generic Action Plan

Generic Action Plan

Overview maintained by WBAP Steering Group. Individual sections taken forwards by Built Environment Working Group, CWS Steering Group and WSBRC Management Group. Contact Sarah Wilkinson for more information – [email protected].

The purpose of the working groups is to:

1. Monitor progress 2. Drive forward action plan implementation 3. Report effectively 4. Determine whether Action Plan updates are required 5. Discuss new issues and possibilities, and provide a forum for discussion 6. Develop and improving working relationships, and join up on common goals 7. Ensure that the overall BAP Partnership is maintained and strengthened

The Format of the Review A subgroup of the Wiltshire BAP Steering Group (termed the Wiltshire BAP Review Working Group) was set up in January 2007 to organise and implement the review of the Wiltshire BAP. The Review Working group called a General Meeting in May 2007 to inform and discuss the review process with the Wiltshire BAP Partnership, from which around 50 members attended. The Action Plans themselves were reviewed at two rounds of seven workshop sessions – the first in June 2007, and the second in September/October 2007. There were several rounds of email and written consultation between workshops, as well as final consultation in November/December 2007.

Discussion at the WBAP Review General Meeting in March 2007 © WWT

In total 78 members of the Wiltshire BAP Partnership representing 40 different organisations attended the review workshops, and some 101 people from around 50 different organisations or groups provided comments on the draft revised HAPs and SAP. Huge thanks go to all of these individuals and organisations. The Wiltshire BAP 2008 – taking it forwards (summary) This document constitutes the culmination of a year’s work by the Wiltshire BAP Partnership to review the Wiltshire BAP, 2002. As shown above, each Habitat and Species Action Plan now has a dedicated working group set up to drive forward its implementation. The revised BAP will now be entered onto BARS, and partners will be asked to report progress each year. This will be coordinated by the BAP Coordinators and taken forwards through the working groups. Working groups will also be asked to make a yearly update of the particular HAP/SAP that they are working on, so that each Plan remains live and relevant. The first full progress report in the form of a published document will take place in 2010.

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Section Two The Action Plans

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Pictures: Reviewing the Wiltshire BAP © Sarah Wilkinson, Blakehill volunteers © David Hall, Common Frog © Jo Sayers

The Action Plans This section of the Wiltshire BAP contains the Generic Action Plan, 10 Habitat Action Plans (HAPs), 1 Habitat Information Note, and 1 Species Action Plan (SAP): 1. Generic Action Plan…………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 19 2. Woodland…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 30 3. Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees………………………………………………. Page 39 4. Ancient and Species Rich Hedgerows…………………………………………………………. Page 46 5. Orchards ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 50 6. Farmland Habitats……..……………………………………………………………………………….. Page 56 7. Calcareous Grassland………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 67 8. Unimproved Neutral Grassland………………………………………………………………….. Page 75 9. Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats…………………………………………………… Page 82 10. Standing Open Water………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 97 11. Heathland information note………………………………………………………………………… Page 107 12. Built Environment………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 108 13. Bats……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 117 Each HAP contains a number of objectives for the conservation of that habitat. Specific species are covered in the last objective under each HAP, and are only listed where their conservation requirements are not met by the targets and actions that have been set for the habitat as a whole. Some Action Plans do not have a species specific objective because action for individual species has not yet been identified for those habitats. Each Action Plan is split into objectives, targets and actions: Objectives are broad and overarching, they are not SMART, but are an overall aim or vision, into which SMART targets and actions feed. Targets are SMART, and as such have a measure. Progress towards each target will be measured annually, and the end date (if not stated) can be taken as being the latest deadline for any actions feeding into it. Each target has a Lead Partner, highlighted in bold who is responsible for reporting progress towards that target. Actions are also SMART and have a measure and a deadline. They are the ways or mechanisms by which their respective targets are achieved. Each action has a list of partners who will each report progress towards that action. Any technical advice or technical data collection that is required is done by the Lead Partner outlined in bold. Deadlines are for 31st December of the year specified, unless otherwise stated Progress towards targets and actions will be discussed at the winter meeting of each Working Group. Data collection will be completed by the end of January each year, and published and entered onto BARS by March. At the winter meeting each HAP or SAP group will also discuss any updates that need to be made to their Action Plan, and these updates will be amalgamated into the BAP by March. Partners are listed by organisation. A list of the individuals who are able to report on the targets or actions that a particular organisation is listed for can be found at the bottom of each Action Plan. Any partner acronyms that you are unsure of can be found in Appendix 3.

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The preparation of the individual Habitat Action Plans (HAPs) for the revised Wiltshire BAP highlighted a number of common issues or themes which cross-cut many of the habitats in the county, and which are relevant to each of the HAPs. The Wiltshire BAP Steering Group has devised a series of headings which encompass these issues, and have drawn up targets and actions relating to each of them, to form a Generic Action Plan.

Nature conservation in Britain has traditionally focused on the protection of special sites, whether statutorily designated (e.g. SSSIs), other nature reserves, or Wildlife Sites. While this has been both necessary and urgent given the rapid loss of wildlife from much of the landscape over the last forty years, this reactive approach is now recognised to be insufficient in preventing the fragmentation of habitats (and subsequent decline in species). Small and isolated habitats are particularly threatened by climate change, and are unlikely to be viable in safeguarding species in the long term. In recognition that a new approach was required, the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts (RSWT) launched the Rebuilding Biodiversity Initiative in 2002, which requires a landscape scale approach to nature conservation – linking together areas of priority wildlife habitats into robust and extensive networks. The South West Nature Map was produced by the South West Regional Biodiversity Partnership in 2004, and identifies the best areas to maintain and expand (through restoration and/or recreation) terrestrial wildlife habitats at a landscape scale. These blocks of land are known as Strategic Nature Areas (SNAs). More information about the SW Nature Map can be found on the South West Observatory website – www.swenvo.org.uk. Activity around climate change adaptation is also included under this heading, as a landscape scale approach is required to allow Wiltshire’s wildlife to be able to adapt to climate change, and through the provision of habitat linkages, to be able to move across the landscape to areas of more suitable climate space.

Wiltshire BAP Generic Action Plan

1. Landscape Scale Approach – Implementing Nature Map

2. The Planning Process

Development can affect all habitats in the county. The Local Development Frameworks (LDFs) produced by Local Planning Authorities (LPAs), provide many opportunities to protect and enhance biodiversity, together with policy and legislation such as the biodiversity duty set out under the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act, 2006. The design of major developments if done sympathetically can work towards many BAP targets through incorporating measures to enhance biodiversity and contributing to networks of multifunctional green space known as green infrastructure. This is critical to fulfil policies contained within the South West Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) including the housing allocations for Wiltshire. Bearing this in mind, opportunities arise to further many BAP targets and actions through planning gain, which uses developer contributions for purposes including biodiversity enhancement. Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) requires of Local Planning Authorities that “…Plan policies and planning decisions should aim to maintain, and enhance, restore or add to biodiversity … interests”. The broad aim of this section of the Generic Action Plan is to ensure this is put into practice.

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http://www.swenv.org.uk/

The Planning System is constantly changing, and it is important to maintain a consistent approach to biodiversity conservation throughout these changes. For more information about these changes (including Validation Checklists, One Wiltshire, the NERC Duty, PPS9 and other policy documents) see Appendix 1. Some definitions

County Wildlife Sites (CWS) are areas of land of recognised importance for wildlife, which fall outside the legal protection of the Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) system. To date, the Wildlife Sites Project (WSP) based at the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust (WWT) has identified around 1500 CWS in Wiltshire, with a total area of approximately 21,000ha, a figure which is comparable to that of Wiltshire’s SSSIs. These form a vital network of high quality habitats of county level importance which are outside of statutory protection. Where there are actions common to CWS in general, they have been listed here, rather than repeated under each of the HAPs. The Wildlife Sites Project aims to identify all of the important sites for wildlife in the county and survey each of them every few years. In order to do this it is important that the Project develops a working relationship with the owners and managers of all Wildlife Sites, providing information about the importance of their sites for wildlife. The Project encourages management that will conserve and enhance the value of sites for wildlife and offers advice and assistance with obtaining grant aid for such management. Through all of these activities, the Project supports the BAP process, by collecting data on the distribution, condition and management of BAP priority habitats and species.

Major Development The provision of 10 or more dwellings or provision of buildings with a floor space of 1000 square metres or more. This includes mineral working, waste disposal sites, major road infrastructure and other similar projects.

Green Infrastructure (GI) The following definition is from the Town and Country Planning Association (2004): “Green Infrastructure is the sub-regional network of protected sites, nature reserves, green spaces and greenway linkages. The linkages include river corridors and floodplains, migration routes and features of the landscape which are of importance as wildlife corridors. Green infrastructure should provide for multi-functional uses, i.e. wildlife, recreational and cultural experience, as well as delivering ecological services such as flood protection, and microclimate control. It should operate at all spatial scales from urban centres through to open countryside.”

3. County Wildlife Sites

4. Biological Recording

Up-to-date and accessible information is essential to the successful implementation of any BAP, and to monitor the progress towards targets and actions set out in the BAP. In Wiltshire there is an active body of county recorders, other recorders, and voluntary groups such as the Wiltshire Ornithological Society (WOS), Butterfly Conservation and the Wiltshire Bat Group (WBG) who generate and collect valuable data on the distribution and abundance of species within the county, and feed this information into the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre (WSBRC). This data and data obtained from other organisations as well as commercial companies can then be used to inform and direct conservation effort within the county. However, to continue utilising this vast data resource, and to be able to monitor the status of Wiltshire’s habitats and species, the WSBRC must be adequately resourced.

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This section of the Generic Action Plan also includes actions to maintain the Wildlife Information Volunteer (WIV) service that the WSBRC manages. WIVs answer a vast range of queries from the general public on all areas of biodiversity, and are an invaluable source of communication about biodiversity and the BAP to the wider community.

Biodiversity and its conservation is not just the concern of wildlife organisations, and cannot be carried out by conservation organisations alone. It is important that local people are informed about and can enjoy their local environment, while at the same time being involved in conserving it – creating a feeling of ownership and responsibility in their communities.

Volunteers are vital to the work of conservation organisations, and vastly outnumber paid staff in many cases. They have been instrumental in meeting targets and actions in the original Wiltshire BAP, and have played a major part in conserving Wiltshire’s Wildlife. For example, in 2007, volunteers taking part in the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre’s (WSBRC) River Monitors Scheme, identified a pollution incident on the River Nadder and informed the Environment Agency (EA) immediately, allowing the EA to take prompt action.

It is the aim of the Wiltshire BAP Steering Group to raise the profile of the BAP and to make the revised Wiltshire BAP a more inclusive plan of work. To address this, the communications section of the Generic Action Plan has been written in recognition of the need to raise awareness about biodiversity in Wiltshire, and the BAP, among all sectors of society – decision-makers, land owners and managers, businesses, communities and individuals.

The Wiltshire BAP sets out the BAP Partnership’s priorities for the conservation of Wiltshire’s habitats and species. It also recognises that many of the priorities it has identified are resource dependent. In addition, the coordination of the BAP Process, reporting on progress, profile-raising and the organisation of a cohesive Partnership also require resources, and actions around this are set out under this section.

6. Communications

7. Resources

8. Nature Reserve Acquisition

5. Community and Public Involvement

This section outlines the need to coordinate reserve acquisition plans amongst partners, to ensure maximum benefit for Wiltshire’s wildlife overall. As described under Section One of the GAP, it is now recognised that this is best achieved by adopting a landscape scale approach, including the linking of habitat to allow wildlife to travel across a permeable landscape. A strategic approach is increasingly required when taking into account the development pressures outlined above.

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Taking the new Generic Action Plan forwards Because the Generic Action Plan cross-cuts a number of different projects, a number of different groups will be responsible for taking it forwards. These are listed in the “Reporting” column of the Action Plan, and include: the Wiltshire BAP Steering Group (WBAP SG), the Built Environment HAP Group, the County Wildlife Sites Steering Group (CWS SG), and the WSBRC Management Group. Links with other Plans Actions and targets within this Plan are linked to: Wiltshire Local Area Agreement (LAA) South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan (SW BIP) More information about these can be found in Appendices 1 and 2 References Biodiversity by Design: A guide for sustainable communities (2004) Town and Country Planning Association. This document can be downloaded from http://www.tcpa.org.uk/biodiversitybydesign/pdfs/TCPA_biodiversity_guide_lowres.pdf Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) published August 2005 can be downloaded from: http://www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/planning/planningpolicyguidance/historicenvironment/pps9/

More information about many of the policy and a ges since the

original Wiltshire BAP was published in 2002 can b ppendix One.

Acronyms are explained

ttitude chane found in A

in Appendix Three.

http://www.tcpa.org.uk/biodiversitybydesign/pdfs/TCPA_biodiversity_guide_lowres.pdf

http://www.communities.gov.uk/planningandbuilding/planning/planningpolicyguidance/historicenvironment/pps9/

1. Landscape Scale Approach – Implementing Nature Map

Target Target Measure Action Action Measure Partners Deadline Links Reporting

GAPA1: Joint working to develop a prioritised list of SNAs for landscape scale habitat restoration projects in accordance with the SW Nature Map (at county level)

List agreed by 2010 NE, WWT RSPB, WCC (County and District Ecologists), AONBs (NWD, CCWWD, Cotswolds), MOD, NT, FC

2010 LAA 2007/8 Environment Block: Section 2.6

WBAP SG

GAPA2: Following prioritisation (under GAPA1), develop and initiate projects

One additional project developed by 2010 and one more additional project by 2015

To be determined by prioritisation process above

2010 and 2015

LAA 2007/8 Environment Block: Section 2.7

WBAP SG

GAPA3: Produce a costing for the implementation of Nature Map in Wiltshire

Report produced WWT, NE, Biodiversity SW

2008 South West BIP Section 7

WBAP SG

GAPT1: Increased number of landscape scale projects. Note: definition of a landscape scale project is habitat restoration/creation based on SNAs, and one of its objectives is to increase landscape permeability

1 new project developed by 2010 and one more additional project by 2015 (WWT)

GAPA4: Identify funding sources for the implementation of Nature Map

Funding sources not from the Wildlife Trusts or Natural England identified and report produced

WWT, SWWT, NE, Biodiversity SW

2008 South West BIP Section 7

WBAP SG

2. The Planning Process


GAPA5: Liaise with LPA partners to include a policy in LDFs, requiring no net loss and suitable protection including buffer zones, for BAP habitats/species and designated sites.

All LDFs contain suitable policies on adoption

WCC (District Ecologists), WCC (County Ecologist) NE, LPAs (FP), WWT

Evidence base gathering phase for each LDD, Ongoing

South West BIP Towns and Cities Objective 1

Built Environment HAP Group

GAPA6: Assist LPAs to develop and use local indicators to monitor these policies in the LDFs

Local indicators reported in AMR

WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs (FP and DC), WSBRC, NE

2009 Built Environment HAP Group

GAPT2: No planning permission is granted where it is likely that there will be a net loss of biodiversity (includes all habitats/species in new BAP) NB: All CWS are covered by this. Note for this target: Core Strategies expected to be complete by October 2008

AMR (Annual Monitoring Report) indicates no net loss of biodiversity (District Ecologists)

GAPA7: Surveys undertaken as part of evidence base gathering for LDFs to include existing CWS, and to be aware of the potential for identifying new CWS. Data passed to WSP as appropriate

Survey specification makes reference to this as a requirement of any contract

WCC (District and County Ecologists), LPAs (FP), WWT (Wildlife Sites Project)

Evidence base gathering phase for each LDD, Ongoing



Wiltshire BAP Generic Action Plan – Targets and Actions

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GAPA8: Potential effects of development on CWS are assessed during Sustainability Appraisals (SAs)

Reference is made to specific CWS in LDF Sustainability Appraisals

WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project)

During SA of each LDD, ongoing


GAPA9: Develop a consistent approach to ecology within development control teams, including dealing with pre-application enquiries, validation of applications, planning screen and sending out consultations

Mechanisms and training courses implemented so that all routine biodiversity issues are dealt with by local planning authority

WCC (District Ecologists), LPAs (DC), County Ecologist, WSBRC, BE HAP group

2008 Swindon BAP Development Sites and New Habitats HAP (D9, D12)


GAPA10: Partners work with forward planners to develop suitable policies for core strategies and site allocation documents.

All relevant LDDs contain policies for biodiversity gain on adoption

WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE, LPAs (FP), WWT

2008, Ongoing


GAPA11: Assist LPAs to develop and use local indicator to monitor biodiversity gain

Local indicators reported in AMR

WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs (FP and DC) WSBRC, NE


GAPA12: Work with LPAs to influence the inclusion of biodiversity in all design statements for major developments

Core strategy to include appropriate policy on adoption

WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE, WWT


GAPT3: New major developments deliver biodiversity gain through the provision of new features (such as bat and bird boxes etc.) and where possible integrated green infrastructure (also including improvement of existing green infrastructure) Note for this section: Core Strategies expected to be complete by October 2008

AMR includes local indicator for this target, and percentage target to be defined once local indicator developed (deadline 2011) (District Ecologists)

GAPA13: Identify opportunities to work with other infrastructure groups (e.g. Rights of Way, Sustrans) to promote and develop a Green Infrastructure Plan for the county

Working group established

WCC (County and District Ecologists), Swindon GI Sub-regional Strategy Group (includes large areas of Wiltshire)


GAPA14: Cost BAP actions that are suitable for planning gain funding to arrive at a formula for planning gain contributions per development (including GI and SNAs)

Formula devised NE, LPAs (FP) 2008 Built Environment HAP Group

GAPT4: New developments contribute to biodiversity gain via planning gain Note for this section: Core Strategies expected to be complete by October 2008

Contribution levels for biodiversity are set in SPD/policy to use planning gain for biodiversity objectives (deadline 2008) (Natural England)

GAPA15: LPAs work with partners to identify SNAs that are relevant to the LDFs and appropriate mechanisms for

Core strategies and Site Allocation Documents include policies for delivering

LPAs, WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE

2008 and subsequent

WBAP Generic Action Plan, Section 1: Landscape


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delivering SNA objectives habitat creation in SNAs

Scale Approach

GAPT5: LAs to develop SPD/pre-application guidance to address how relevant aspects of the BAP will be implemented through the LDF

SPD/pre-application guidance in place for “One Wiltshire” in 2009 (WCC - District Ecologists)

GAPA16: Gather support to produce a document akin to ALGE model for SPD from forward planners at the Development Plans Group

SPD/pre-application guidance adopted (in use)

WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs (FP)


3. County Wildlife Sites


GAPA17: Survey and assess the condition and management of a sample of CWS where access can be secured.

Sample of 200 sites assessed by 2010

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project)

2010 (date in LAA)


CWS SG

GAPA18: Develop and adopt condition assessment protocols

Protocols agreed by 2010


2010 CWS SG

GAPA19: County Wildlife Sites project securely and fully funded at an adequate level

At least two FTE surveyors securely and fully funded by 2012

Wildlife Sites Project Steering Group


CWS SG

GAPA20: Advise landowners or managers on management of Wildlife Sites for biodiversity.

Advice given to managers of all sites surveyed (approx 120 sites surveyed per year)


Ongoing, annual reporting

CWS SG

GAPA21: Publicly owned CWS managed for biodiversity.

100% actively managed for biodiversity

WCC (County Ecologist) for LA managed CWS, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project) for others

2015 CWS SG

GAPT6: Improved condition of County Wildlife Sites (CWS)

Government National Indicator 197 target is achieved (Wildlife Sites Project Steering Group)

Note: If CWS not adopted in 2008 as an LA indicator insert appropriate target measure and actions.

GAPT7: New County Wildlife Sites identified

Potential new CWS an agenda item at each HAP WG, and suggestions relayed to CWS Steering Group (HAP Group leads)

GAPA22: Seek to identify new potential Wildlife Sites and add them to the Wildlife Sites register

Potential new sites are assessed for Wildlife Site status within the year of identification

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), and each HAP Working Group

Ongoing, reported annually

Each HAP and SAP Working Group, and CWS SG

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4. Biological Recording


GAPA23: Ensure WSBRC is sustainably funded

Sufficient funds are available to maintain and expand the WSBRC to meet the target

WSBRC Management Group

Ongoing reporting annually


GAPA24: Ongoing audit of data coverage to determine key gaps

Data needs for BAP identified and report produced annually

BAP Forum, WSBRC Management Group




GAPA25: Create targeted volunteer recording schemes to help fill gaps identified in GAPA25

Annual review of volunteer recording schemes output

WSBRC, HAP Working Groups




GAPA26: Identify other actions required to complete coverage

Following annual review above, means of filling remaining gaps determined

WSBRC Ongoing, reported annually



GAPA27: Capture data from surveys undertaken by third parties onto the WSBRC database

Increase proportion of data received electronically to 60%

WSBRC, National Trust



GAPA28: Consider how best to capture data from developer surveys as part of developing a consistent approach to ecology in development control teams (GAPA9)

System in place WSBRC, WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs (DC)


WSBRC Management Group; Built Environment Group

GAPT8: Consistently improve the volume, quality and coverage of high quality biological information readily available to aid decision-makers

The WSBRC database to reach 1 million records by March 2011. Baseline: 690,500 (WSBRC)

GAPA29: Ensure that all data received is entered onto the WSBRC database within 6 months of receipt

All data received is entered within 6 months of receipt

WSBRC Deadline: ongoing, reported annually


5. Community and Public Involvement


GAPT9: Increase awareness of biodiversity so that it is included in Community Area Plans and Community Strategies.

Biodiversity integrated in all Community Strategies (4 in Wiltshire) and Community Plans (20 in Wiltshire) by 2011 (WCC-District Ecologists)

GAPA30: Meetings held with community planners to identify timescales of plans and raise awareness of BAP and other biodiversity initiatives

Senior Community Planners are aware of the need to incorporate biodiversity in community plans

WWT (World Changers), WCC (District Ecologists), NE

Dec 2008 LAA 2007/8 Environment Block: Section 2.4; SW BIP Towns and Cities Objective 5

Built Environment Group

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GAPA31: Produce baseline data Report produced WWT (new Head of Education) BE Working Group. This is on hold until new person in post

2008 Built Environment Group

GAPA32: Baseline audit of volunteer training opportunities in the County

Report produced WWT (new Head of Education) GAP Working Group. This is on hold until new person in post


GAPA33: Develop a strategic programme of training courses, linked to need for records. This should be in parallel with action below.

Programme developed

WWT (new Head of Education) & WSBRC, GAP Working Group. This is on hold until new person in post


GAPA34: Partners to identify opportunities for trained volunteers to utilise skills developed from training courses resulting from GAPA34

Opportunities identified in relation to training programme developed under GAPA34 by 2009. Yearly update thereafter.

WWT (new Head of Education) & WSBRC, GAP Working Group. This is on hold until new person in post


GAPT10: Increase the number of people actively volunteering in biodiversity conservation across the county

Increase from baseline figure (identified in GAPA32) of 15% by 2015 (BE Working Group)

GAPA35: Maintain and support the existing network of voluntary surveyors providing records to the WSBRC

Capacity is maintained within the WSBRC

WSBRC, WWT, GAP Working Group



GAPA36: Produce baseline data Report produced WWT, BE Working Group, WWT (World Changers)


GAPA37: Identify funding opportunities based on existing map showing areas of social deprivation

Targeted list of opportunities produced

WWT, BE Working Group, NE (Access to Nature Grants)


GAPT11: Increase the number of community groups taking action for biodiversity (including young people)

Increase from baseline figure (identified in GAPA37) by 10% by 2015 (GAP working group)

GAPA38: Funding applications written

Number of funding applications to be determined once list (GAPA38) developed

WWT 2009 Built Environment Group

GAPA39: Recruit, train and retain volunteers to run the service

At least half time week day provision available

WSBRC Ongoing, yearly reporting


GAPT12: Provide Wildlife Information Service

At least half time week day provision of Wildlife Information Service (ongoing) (WSBRC)

GAPA40: Seek funds for management of the service

Management in place WWT, WSBRC, WWT, BE Working group


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GAPT13: Local Authorities enhance biodiversity on their land holdings (the new “One Wiltshire” recognises the contribution that its own land holdings can make to biodiversity)

Each LA has a strategy for enhancing biodiversity on their land holdings (including allotments) within a policy document by 2015 (WCC - County Ecologist)

GAPA41: Bring this issue to attention of Directors and Council members. Further actions to be developed by “One Wiltshire”.

Issue brought to attention of Directors and Council Members. Positive response gained.

WWT, NE, WCC (County Ecologist)

Deadline: 2012

6. Communication


GAPA42: Agreed Communications Strategy produced

Agreed Communications Strategy published

WBAP SG, BAP Coordinators

March 2009

WBAP SG

GAPA43: Wiltshire BAP website developed

Wiltshire BAP website completed by end 2008

BAP Coordinators, WBAP SG

2008 WBAP SG

GAPA44: Awareness raised within the wider community over BAP progress

Quarterly press releases on summary of progress against targets in Wiltshire BAP

BAP Coordinators, All Lead Partners

Ongoing, reporting annually

WBAP SG

GAPT14: Raise profile of Wiltshire BAP

Target measure 1: Agreed Communications Strategy produced (WBAP SG). Target measure 2: Communications Strategy implemented (as and when set out in strategy) (WBAP SG) Target measure 3: 1200 hits on WBAP website by end of 2008 (WBAP Coordinators) Target measure 4: Increase in number of people on WBAP newsletter circulation list by 10% per year for 5 years (WBAP Coordinators)

GAPA45: Awareness raising and celebration of biodiversity in specific habitats

20 press releases per year across whole suite of HAPs and SAPs, celebrating specific habitats/species and making mention of the BAP

BAP Coordinators (through attendance at working groups)


WBAP SG, ALL HAP and SAP Groups

7. Resources


GAPA46: Agreed Funding Strategy produced

Agreed Funding Strategy published

WBAP SG, BAP Coordinators

March 2009

WBAP SG

GAPA47: Biodiversity Action Grant (BAG) provides resources for BAP implementation

BAG operational WWT. WBAP SG, BAP Coordinators

June 2008

WBAP SG

GAPT15: Biodiversity Partnership to secure adequate resources for BAP delivery/ implementation

Target measure 1: Agreed Funding Strategy produced. Target measure 2: Agreed Funding Strategy implemented (as set out in strategy) (WBAP SG)

GAPT48: Biodiversity To be determined WBAP SG, BAP To be WBAP SG

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Partnership to provide advice and facilitation to deliverers to help them access the necessary resources

once GAPA48 complete

Coordinators determined once GAPA48 complete

GAPA49: Partnership to promote the BAP within their organisations as THE mechanism for biodiversity action

Action measure 1: All partners to ensure all biodiversity work streams are reported into the Wiltshire BAP Action measure 2: The relevant tier of management is reminded of their corporate position on LBAPs, and allocate appropriate backing to the process

WBAP SG Ongoing, reported annually

WBAP SG

GAPA50: Sufficient funding maintained

Sufficient funding maintained

WBAP SG Ongoing, reported annually

WBAP SG GAPT16: Ensure adequate level of resources for coordination of BAP Forum

At least 1 FTE member of staff dedicated to this role (ongoing) (WBAP SG)

GAPA51: Capacity exists for yearly update of BAP

BAP updated annually BAP Coordinators, WBAP SG


LAA 2007/8 Environment Block: s.2.3

WBAP SG

8. Nature Reserve Acquisition


GAPT17: Coordinate reserve acquisition policies

No conflicting reserve acquisition ambitions (ongoing) (WBAP SG)

GAPA52: BAP steering group to take forward as regular agenda item

Coordination agreed by BAP steering group by 2008

WBAP SG, National Trust, RSPB

2008 WBAP SG

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Generic Action Plan:

Organisation RepresentativesBiodiversity South West Naomi Brookes Cotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake Forestry Commission Ian Briscoe Ministry of Defence Julie Swain National Trust Simon Ford, Chris Gingell Natural England Charles Routh, Tim Quinton North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White RSPB Patrick Cashman, Tracé Williams South West Wildlife Trusts Simon Bremnan Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Saunders (District Ecologists) WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman and Sarah Wilkinson , Jacky Thomas (World Changers), Iain Boyd (Corporate), Rob Large (WSP)

Woodland Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Woodland over the next 30 years… Woodland owners are fully involved in the sustainable management of their own woodlands, and the area of woodlands managed sustainably is increased. The importance of ancient woodlands is understood and celebrated by Wiltshire’s inhabitants, and there is no further loss in the area of ancient woodland and the rich flora and fauna that it supports. Species which have seen dramatic decline in the past 20 years recover and flourish once again in Wiltshire’s woodlands.

Background

This Action Plan encompasses all woodland within the county – ancient and recent semi-natural woodland and plantations of both conifer and broad-leaved species. However some parts of the Plan focus on ancient woodlands, since these are generally the richest in wildlife and once destroyed cannot be recreated. Some definitions… Ancient Woodland Ancient Woodland has had a continuous history of cover since at least 1600AD, with clearing having been restricted to underwood or timber production only. Some ancient woods may be ‘primary’ in the sense that they are on sites that have always been woodland, back to the pre-Neolithic wildwood. However in many cases ancient woods have been cleared in the distant past: for example they may contain the remains of early Medieval, Saxon, Roman or Iron Age remains. As long as there has been no complete clearance of the site since 1600 such woods are still ‘ancient’ (Goldberg and Kirkby, 2002).

Recent Secondary Woodland This term covers all woodland which does not have a history of continuous cover from at least 1600 and which has since that time developed “naturally” or has been planted on formerly non-wooded land. Recent secondary woodlands can generally be distinguished by their structure and also usually contain fewer species than ancient woodlands.

Semi-natural woodland This term covers all woodland stands and types which do not obviously originate from planting but which exist as “ecologically distinct associations of trees, shrubs and herbs determined by edaphic, climatic and biotic influences” (Peterken, 1982).

Replanted Woodland This term covers all obviously replanted woodland of a broadleaved, mixed or coniferous type. This automatically includes plantations of any species not native to Wiltshire, but also to native species planted so densely that the site’s semi natural characteristics are suppressed. Woodland in Wiltshire Before man’s arrival in Wiltshire it is likely that most of the county would have been covered by primary woodland of some type. The woods which now remain and are ancient in origin generally exist on sites relatively less favourable for farming. The distribution of woodland and woodland types is also closely related to geology. The limestone plateaus and hills in the north west of the county are largely bare of woodland but by contrast, many of the steep sided valleys and coombes have remained wooded and the fertile moist soils support rich woodlands.

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Figure 6: All Mapped Woodland in Wiltshire

Figure 6 illustrates the extent of woodland in Wiltshire that has been mapped by the WSBRC. Ancient woodland cannot currently be distinguished. The National Inventory of Woodland and Trees (Forestry Commission, 2002) estimates that the total area of woodland in Wiltshire in blocks of over 2ha amounts to 26,624ha. A provisional Ancient Woodland Inventory (AWI) for Wiltshire was published in 1987 by the Nature Conservancy Council, and also considered all woodland blocks of over 2ha. The AWI

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estimates the extent of ancient woodland in Wiltshire to be 12,714ha - 53% of the woodland in the county or 3.7% of Wiltshire’s total area. This indicates that just under half of the total woodland cover is secondary – either plantation or naturally regenerated woodland on formerly non-wooded sites.

Savernake Forest (Forestry Commission) One of the largest woods in Wiltshire, contains outstanding lichen flora and a wide variety of other plants including species with nationally restricted distributions

- Exceptional diversity of fungi, well over 500 species - Several beetles, flies and moths with nationally restricted distributions,

including the Scarce Brown Streak (Aplota palpella), a UK and WBAP moth - At least 25 butterflies breed on the site including Purple Emperor and

White Letter Hairstreak - The Forest harbours Wood Warblers, Turtle Dove and Woodcock, as well

as Tree Pipits and Spotted Flycatcher which breed on the woodland edge. - Range of mammals including Dormice and bats

Langley Wood National Nature Reserve and SSSI (Natural England) This is an extensive tract of ancient forest on acid clays in the south of Wiltshire and within the New Forest National Park. There is no continuous history of grazing or coppicing and the site has been modified by man to a lesser degree than most woodland in lowland England. There is a very large range of woodland stand-types which reflects variation in soils and drainage. This has produced an exceptionally rich and varied woodland both structurally and botanically:

- The epiphyte lichen flora is particularly rich and some of the beard lichens are particularly luxuriant

- Wide range of breeding birds including BAP species: Nightingale, Nightjar, Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Wood Warbler

- One area of young plantation supports a rich community of butterflies including Pearl-bordered Fritillary and Duke of Burgundy, both of which are very rare in the New Forest.

Cranborne Chase (part of Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB) Straddling the Dorset/Wiltshire border, Cranborne Chase woodland derives from an ancient hunting forest. It provides some of the best examples of extensive coppice woodland in the country and the coppice regime is centuries old.

- 160 species of lichen recorded – 13 of which are rare in England, including Usnea articulate (WBAP and UKBAP) a formerly widespread species which is extremely susceptible to sulphur dioxide pollution and now virtually confined to the south west.

- 57 plant species associated with ancient woodland - Over 80 species of moss and liverwort - Over 120 species of moth and 30 species of butterfly including Pearl-

Bordered Fritillary

Important Woodland Sites in Wiltshire

A total of 1350ha of Wiltshire’s woodland is designated as SSSI, including Savernake Forest, Langley Wood and Cranborne Chase described below. Other important sites include Bentley Wood SSSI (which has an exceptional butterfly assemblage), Grovely Wood, Great Wood, Longleat and Stourhead.

Pictures: Savernake Forest, Tom Cairns/WWT

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Species characteristic of Woodland Habitats As shown by the case studies above, woodlands, and particularly ancient woodlands can contain a rich species diversity of vascular plants, lichens, mosses, liverworts, butterflies, moths, birds and mammals. Woodlands are also important for bats, as they provide shelter and cover and a wide diversity of insect food. Dead trees are often valuable in providing roost sites for bats. The dramatic decline in many familiar farmland birds has been well documented over recent years, however many woodland species are now also exhibiting similarly worrying trends. For example Lesser Spotted Woodpecker numbers decreased by 81%, Spotted Flycatcher, 71%, Nightingale, 63%, and Woodcock, 74%, between 1980-2005 (Common Birds Census). The Wiltshire BAP Woodland HAP contains separate actions for Willow Tit and Nightjar, as well as the Dormouse.

Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus The Nightjar is a summer migrant that has been declining in numbers and range for much of the last century – the decline in range has been about 52% between 1968-92 (UK BAP Nightjar SAP). The species now breeds mainly in southern England, and where found in woodland, Nightjars nest in clearings and areas of clearfell. An increase in forestry clear-fells as a result of major storms and forest management have assisted recent increases, with over 50% of the total population found in this habitat in 1992. Actions have therefore been included in the Wiltshire BAP to provide more of this habitat, in line with the RSPB’s work towards meeting targets in the UK BAP.

Willow Tit Poecile montanus Willow Tit numbers decreased by 76% between 1980-2004 (BTO Common Bird Census/Breeding Bird Surveys), and it now has Red List status and is considered one of the fastest declining species in the UK. Action has been included in the Wiltshire BAP to try and understand some of the reasons behind this decline.

Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius In England the Dormouse has become extinct in up to 7 counties (comprising half of its former range) in the past 100 years. Although Dormice are still widespread in southern counties (Devon to Kent) they are patchily distributed. Population densities everywhere are less than 10 adults per hectare, even in good habitats. Fragmentation of woodland, leaving isolated non-viable populations is one of the main factors causing decline. Short distances, possibly as little as 100m, form absolute barriers to dispersal, unless arboreal routes are available. © Charlotte Watson

Progress Highlights since 2002 New Woodland Planting 101ha of new woodland were planted in the ancient Royal Hunting Forest of Braydon in north Wiltshire between 2002-2005 by partners such as GWCF, WWT and FC, as part of the Jigsaw Challenge, to expand and link existing semi natural woodland. The Jigsaw Project was introduced by the Forestry Commission in England in recognition of the fact that many of our semi-natural woods are fragments of historically more extensive woodland, and that this fragmentation must be reversed.

Tree planting in the Braydon Forest – Paul Darby/WWT

Dormice Wiltshire Mammal Group During this period, the Wiltshire Mammal Group has continued to monitor 80 nest boxes erected in Savernake Forest, with Dormice found on nearly every visit. The Mammal Group also carried out a 20 box study in the south of the county at Oysters Coppice which has yielded a Dormouse nest.

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Salisbury Plain In November 2007, Imber Conservation Group (ICG) and Defence Estates Environmental Support Team (DE EST) carried out a Nut Hunt at Ranscombe Bottom, an area of coppice woodland on the edge of Salisbury Plain. Evidence of Dormice was found, and subsequently a small team made up of representatives from ICG, Aspire Defence and the DE EST put out 50 new ‘state of the art’ summer residence dormice boxes at Ranscombe. The boxes will be monitored, and the monitoring work will contribute to the National Dormice Monitoring Programme (NDMP), coordinated by the Peoples Trust for Endangered Species and Natural England. The Bulford Conservation Group, with the assistance of EST, are planning to put up a further 50 Dormouse boxes at Everleigh Ashes over on the East side of the Plain. Picture: Dormouse box © MOD

Firecrest at Center Parcs This species is a regular breeder at Longleat, and in 2007 a total of 16 breeding pairs were recorded. It is estimated that there are around 30 pairs of Firecrest in the southwest of England in total, and as approximately 50% of the UK population of Firecrest are found in the southwest of England, it is therefore possible that this site holds over 25% of the total UK breeding population. Center Parcs BAP Target 10 focuses on Firecrest, and numbers have been monitored annually at Longleat since 1994.

The Mammal Group recently scouted a new site in west Wiltshire by carrying out a Habitat Assessment and Nut Hunt. The group has now set up 52 boxes, built by Mammal Group volunteers, in March 2008 ready for monitoring beginning in May. A further site near Rodbourne has had 100 nest boxes set up in it, which will be adopted by the Wiltshire Mammal Group in 2009. Finally, talks with the Swindon Rangers has identified Stanton Park as a possible receptor for 50 more boxes to become another National Dormouse Monitoring Site of the Wiltshire Mammal Group later in 2008. 20 Mammal Group volunteers have now begun training towards their Dormouse handling licence.

Changes since 2002 Planning and Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) now requires local planning authorities to have regard to areas of ancient woodland when granting planning permission.

Extract from PPS9: “Ancient woodland is a valuable biodiversity resource both for its diversity of species and for its longevity as woodland. Once lost it cannot be recreated. Local planning authorities should identify any areas of ancient woodland in their areas that do not have statutory protection (e.g. as a SSSI). They should not grant planning permission for any development that would result in its loss of deterioration unless the need for, and benefits of, the development in that location outweigh the loss of the woodland habitat. Aged or ‘veteran’ trees found outside ancient woodland are also particularly valuable for biodiversity and their loss should be avoided. Planning authorities should encourage the conservation of such trees as part of development proposals.”

In 2007 Defra published “A Strategy for England’s Trees, Woods and Forests” (the ETWF Strategy). The Strategy embraces a number of new policy directions such as climate change as well as policy updates in environmental and social issues across Government. It was strongly influenced by regional aspirations for the local delivery of benefits from trees, woods and forests. It can be downloaded from the Defra website – www.defra.gov.uk.

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http://www.defra.gov.uk/

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Links with existing Plans South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan Section 10: Woodlands and Forestry Other sections of the Wiltshire BAP Rivers Streams and Associated Habitats HAP: wet woodland covered under this HAP Bats SAP: As outlined above, woodland habitats are also important for bats, actions for which are covered under the Bats SAP. Hedgerows Action Plan: hedgerows are important as linkages for maintaining dormice metapopulations Cotswold Water Park BAP Woodland Habitat Action Plan New Forest BAP The New Forest National Park is in the process of producing a Management Plan and BAP for the New Forest. These are likely to establish generic actions building on detailed actions from the Hampshire BAP (relevant HAPs in the Hampshire BAP are those for Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland and Hedgerows) Center Parcs BAP Target 17: Broadleaved woodland Taking the Wiltshire BAP Woodland HAP Forwards It was decided that as the Woodland, Wood-pasture and Hedgerows Habitat Action Plan working groups contained representatives from the same organisations, they should be taken forwards together. Therefore a combined working group has been set up to progress all three Action Plans. Ian Briscoe of the Forestry Commission will lead on the Woodland and Wood-pasture Plans, and Roger Griffin from Natural England will lead on Hedgerows. References: The Common Birds Census (CBS) was developed in 1964, and was the first survey to identify dramatic declines in many species, particularly amongst Farmland Birds. The CBS has now been replaced by the Breeding Birds Survey (BBS) developed in joint partnership in 1994 by BTO, JNCC and RSPB. More information from the BTO website: www.bto.org. Confederation of Forest Industries (ConFor) website: www.confor.org.uk Bowsher, P. (1987) Wiltshire Inventory of Ancient Woodland (Provisional) Nature Conservancy Council Goldberg, E. and Kirby, K. (2002) Ancient Woodland: Guidance Material for Local Authorities. Natural England Publication number AWG1. Smith, S. and Gilbert J. (2002) National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England: County Report for Wiltshire. Forestry Commission. Download from: www.forestry.gov.uk/inventory The UK BAP Species Action Plans for Dormouse and Nightjar can be viewed on the UK BAP website: www.ukbap.org.uk. They were originally published in: Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report - Volume II: Action Plans (December 1995, Tranche 1, Vol 2, p86 (Dormouse) and p.53 (Nightjar))

http://www.bto.org/

http://www.confor.org.uk/

http://www.forestry.gov.uk/inventory

http://www.ukbap.org.uk/

Objective WO1: Prevent the loss of ancient woodland

Target Target Measure Action Action Measure Partners Deadline Links

WA1: Woodland Working Group to determine best way to take forward the revision of the AWI

Recommendations produced

Woodland Working Group, WSBRC, and Natural England

2008

WA2: Complete the AWI Resources obtained by end of 2009. Database completed by 2012

NE, WWT, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), WCC (County Ecologist), FC, New Forest NPA

2009 and 2012

Similar work possible in New Forest District through New Forest BAP

WA3: Encourage woodland management projects in the AONBs in order that new approaches can be trialled and act as models to be used across the wider landscape of the county

New woodland management projects are an agenda item at each Woodland Working Group meeting

Woodland WG, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds)


WT1: Maintain existing extent of ancient woodland

No ancient woodland reported as lost (ongoing) (FC)

WA4: Use appropriate legal measures to protect ancient woodlands from incremental threats (e.g. prolonged low level felling, pigs being kept in coppice etc.) Note: the threshold for EIA is lower in the AONBs, and therefore EIAs can be used to gain greater compliance

Mechanisms evaluated by group, and legal measures adopted wherever necessary

Woodland WG, LA Arboricultural officers, FC, WWT, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), New Forest NPA


New Forest BAP

Objective WO2: Increase the area of woodland managed sustainably


WA5: Promote the involvement of woodland owners in sustainable woodland management

Initiate 10 new contacts with woodland owners per year

GWCF, Forestry Commission, WWT, New Forest NPA


New Forest BAP; Swindon BAP Woodland HAP (W8, W9)

WA6: Organise a seminar for woodland owners, woodland contractors and land agents

3 seminars over a 5 year rolling basis

WWT (LfW), FC, NE (RG), FWAG, New Forest NPA

2012 and every 5 years thereafter

New Forest BAP

WT2: Increase the area of woodland managed sustainably

Maintain area of woodland covered in a management scheme at 2007 baseline (NE and FC) Note for third parties: not all sustainably managed woodland will be in a management scheme but we can only measure what is in a scheme

WA7: Promote the use of agri-environment and FC schemes to achieve management for biodiversity

Area of woodland under AE or FC scheme is maintained at 2007 baseline

NE, FC, Cotswolds AONB


Wiltshire BAP Woodland Action Plan – Targets and Actions

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WA8: Raise awareness of deer management practices in the county

At least 1 deer management event per year

FC, DI, Natural England, GWCF, Cotswolds AONB, Woodland WG


Swindon BAP Woodland HAP (W11)

WA9: Ensure any developing wood fuel projects maximise biodiversity benefits

All wood fuel projects have positive benefit for biodiversity. Include biodiversity objectives

RSPB, FC, AONBs (CCWWD – Cranborne Chase Woodfair, NWD), NE, New Forest NPA


2007 AE baseline is 306.99ha

WA10: Encourage the use of locally produced wood products Note: see CONFOR website for info

Produce a design guide incorporating existing (including FWAG) suppliers list, and promote entries into existing list of suppliers from Wiltshire

WWT, AONBs (CCWWD and Cranborne Chase Woodfair, NWD, Cotswolds), National Trust, Natural England, FWAG

Deadline: 2009 (design guide production) then annual report on updating

SW BIP Woodlands and Forestry Objective 4; Swindon BAP Woodland HAP (W17)

WT3: SSSIs in favourable or recovering condition

95% of SSSI in favourable or recovering condition by 2010, and maintained at that level thereafter (NE) Note: currently 59% of 3335ha. Note this also includes wood-pasture and parkland

WA11: Target SSSI woodlands to get into either ES or EWGS to implement the remedies required for favourable condition

Increase in the proportion of SSSI woodlands in an appropriate scheme

NE, FC 2010 and maintained each year thereafter

Objective WO3: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


WT4: To understand the reasons for the decline in the Willow Tit

Robust understanding of the decline achieved (RSPB)

WA12: Implement research programme

Research programme completed by 2010

RSPB, WOS 2010 New Forest BAP and Management Plan draft policies; SW BIP Woodlands and Forestry Objectives 2&3

WT5: Nightjar - maintain breeding range

Maintain at presence in 270 tetrads (RSPB)

WA13: Promote the management of woodlands for Nightjar

One new area of clearfell of at least 1ha per year

RSPB, WOS, Forest Enterprise


SW BIP Woodlands and Forestry, Objectives 2&3

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WA14: Update Dormouse records by 2008

Database of Dormouse records update by 2008

Wiltshire Mammal Group, Woodland Working Group, WSBRC

2008 WBAP Hedgerows HAP

WA15: Prioritise survey effort to areas with old Dormice records

Set up boxes or tubes in 75% of areas identified as having dormice (pre-2000) by 2010 and 100% by 2012

Wiltshire Mammal Group, Woodland Working Group, WWT (Land Management and LfW)

2010 and 2012

WT6: Dormouse - Establish population distribution

Report produced by 2012 (Wiltshire Mammal Group)

WA16: Set up new Dormouse monitoring sites

Set up 10 monitoring sites by 2010

Wiltshire Mammal Group, WWT (LfW)

2010

WA17: Landowner advice provision Mammal Group to provide advice to each landowner every year

Wiltshire Mammal Group, FC, WWT, private woodland owners (at specific sites - Hens Wood)


WT7: Dormouse - maintain and enhance population

Maintain populations at known sites (Savernake; Hens Wood; Blackmoor Copse)

WA18: provide nesting boxes in sites identified as positive under action WA16 above

Nesting boxes at all positive sites

Wiltshire Mammal Group

2010

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Woodland Habitat Action Plan:

Organisation RepresentativesCotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake Deer Initiative Jamie Cordery Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group Louise Stratton Forestry Commission Ian Briscoe Forest Enterprise Chris Sorensen Great Western Community Forest Jonathan Wilshaw National Trust Chris Gingell Natural England Roger Griffin New Forest National Park Authority Ian Barker North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White RSPB Nick AdamsWiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist) Wiltshire Mammal Group Mark Satinet, Sarah Wood Wiltshire Ornithological Society WSBRC Purgle LinhamWiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls (Landscapes for Wildlife Project), Land

Management

Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees over the next 30 years… The full extent and quality of Wiltshire’s wood-pasture and parkland resource is understood, through work drawing on existing research. As a result, targeted restoration of wood-pasture and parkland has taken place wherever possible. The inhabitants of Wiltshire understand the importance of, and are engaged in the conservation of, the county’s ancient and veteran tree resource, with an active Tree Warden scheme in place. The veteran trees of the future are identified and protected.

Background

Lowland wood-pastures and parkland are the products of historic land management systems, and represent a vegetation structure rather than a particular plant community. Typically this structure consists of large, open-grown or high forest trees (often pollards) at various densities, in a matrix of grazed grassland, heathland and/or woodland floras.

Some definitions…

Wood-pasture Wood-pastures are areas of wooded land which have been used for the dual purpose of growing trees and grazing deer and livestock (Harding and Rose, 1986). Historic wood-pastures e.g. Savernake Forest which are no longer subject to grazing by livestock are included under this Plan.

Parkland Historic deer parks, and planned landscapes where there may only be a few ancient trees surrounded by improved grassland, are also included in this Plan.

Veteran and Ancient Trees The presence of large old trees is the key characteristic and the main reason for these habitat types being of special nature conservation interest. The associated wood-decay invertebrate and epiphyte communities are uniquely species-rich, and a high percentage of rare and threatened dead wood species are now associated with ancient and veteran trees. Veteran trees are defined by Read (2000) as “trees that are of interest biologically, culturally or aesthetically because of their age, size or condition.” Strictly speaking a veteran tree is any tree which has passed its mature stage, whilst an ancient tree is any tree which is truly old – typically over 500 years.

There are no reliable estimates for the extent of the overall wood-pasture and parkland resource in the UK. The figure of 10-20,000ha “currently in a working condition” is the most widely used and current best estimate (UKBAP Lowland Wood-pasture and Parkland Action Plan), and the habitat is most common in southern England. Outgrown wood pasture occurs in northern and central Europe, but the number and continuity of veteran trees with their associated saproxylic fauna and epiphytic flora are more abundant in Britain than elsewhere. Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees in Wiltshire The WSBRC does not currently have a habitat layer on its GIS database for wood-pasture and parkland. However, an initial list of sites amounting to just under 4200ha, was produced as a result of an action in the 2002 Wiltshire BAP and a site-point map created, shown in figure 7.

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The English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest lists 38 historic parks and gardens in Wiltshire amounting to 8460ha. However, the Register does not include wooded commons and forests, except where these coincide with historic parks. The new national Wood-pasture And Parkland Information System (WAPIS) which is currently under development, lists around 40 wood-pasture and parkland sites in Wiltshire, amounting to just under 3200ha - differing widely from the English Heritage data. The documentary record for medieval parks is incomplete, but Rackham (1990) suggests that around 70 may have existed in Wiltshire, amounting to around 5800ha, and Watts (WAHNS 1996) has identified 90 known and probable deer parks within the county. A survey of medieval deer parks in the Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB (2006) showed there being 19 parks in the Wiltshire part of the AONB, some of which are “multiple parks” where early medieval enparkment is partly obscured by later parks. Therefore it may be that the area of relict wood-pasture in the county is significantly greater in area than that within currently designated parks.

Discrepancies between these various databases and incomplete knowledge clearly show that further information is required to increase our understanding about both the historic extent of wood pasture and parkland in Wiltshire, and its current extent and condition. Actions have been included in the revised WBAP Action Plan to look at how to complete Wiltshire’s wood pasture and parkland database, and to research the potential for the restoration of areas which have declined. A great deal of work has been done to map ancient trees in different parts of the county. However, this information is currently not held in a central accessible location, and actions have been included in the Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees HAP to collate this wealth of information into one accessible database. Species associated with this habitat Relict areas of wood-pasture with old broad-leaved trees contain a structural variant not found in the other, more common types of managed woodland such as coppices and high forest. They are of ecological importance for the following reasons (after Harding and Rose, 1986):

- The species of tree present, although influenced by centuries of management often represent survivals of the genetic stock from the primeval forest, and ancient trees are often still present.

- The epiphytic flora (including lichens, mosses and liverworts) in areas not affected seriously be atmospheric pollution is often very rich

- Dead, dying and over-mature trees often contain populations of local or rare saproxylic organisms, including fungi, lichens, invertebrates, mosses and birds. These are species that are dependent for part of their life cycle on living, dying or dead wood. 40% of woodland wildlife is dependent on this aspect of the forest ecosystem.

Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus This large and conspicuous beetle is rare in some European countries, but is still widespread in some parts of southern England, and occurs fairly frequently in the Severn valley and coastal areas of the south-west. Outside these areas the records are sparse and often old, indicating some contraction of the beetle’s range. The Stag Beetle can be found in broadleaved woodland, parks, other pasture woodland and gardens. The larvae live in the decaying wood of deciduous trees, often in roots and stumps, and take at least three and a half years to become fully grown.

Stag Beetle: Charlotte Watson

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Communities of epiphytes and saproxylic invertebrates are often regarded as relic populations of similar communities present in the primeval forest, and whose survival has been possible only through the continuity of such habitat. Many of these species have poor dispersal mechanisms, indicating that wood pasture was once much more widespread than today, and that they might lack the mobility required to find new habitat in the face of habitat changes and climate change. Parklands and wood pastures are also of interest for bats and birds.

Progress Highlights since 2002 Baseline data In order to gain a better picture of the wood pasture and parkland resource in Wiltshire, English Nature (now Natural England) commissioned the WSBRC to carry out a desk study to collate existing data about this habitat in the county. This was carried out in 2003 and a map (figure 7) and report produced. The next step for the Wiltshire BAP 2008 is to determine how to move forward with the recommendations from this report. Workshops The Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees HAP 2002 contained targets for dissemination of information about this habitat through events and seminars, which were vastly exceeded. Various organisations held events focused on wood-pasture, parkland and ancient trees between 2002-2005, including:

- English Nature (now Natural England) sponsored the 2002 Salisbury Festival, the theme of which was “Trees”. This involved hosting a conference entitled “In Praise of Trees”

- The Forestry Commission held one of 10 regional events to update woodland managers on PAWS (Plantations on Ancient Woodland Sites) restoration practices in Bentley Wood in 2004

- Woodland Butterflies Workshop in the Braydon Forest hosted by EN (now NE) - “Ancient Trees, our Living Heritage” one of several talks on the importance of ancient trees

by Ted Green, one of the founder of members the Ancient Tree Forum, held at Savernake Forest in 2005 by the Forestry Commission

Links with existing Plans UK BAP Lowland Wood-pasture and Parkland Habitat Action Plan Stag Beetle, Lucanus cervus, Species Action Plan South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan Section 10: Woodlands and Forestry Other sections of the Wiltshire BAP Bats SAP: As outlined above, wood-pasture and veteran/ancient trees are also important for bats, actions for which are covered under the Bats SAP. New Forest BAP The New Forest National Park is in the process of producing a Management Plan and BAP for the New Forest. These are likely to establish generic actions building on detailed actions from the Hampshire BAP (which includes a Wood-pasture and Parkland HAP and SAPs for Bats, Stag Beetle and Woodland Lichens) Cotswold Water Park BAP Woodland Habitat Action Plan Center Parcs BAP Target 16: Lowland Wood-pasture and Parkland – target to maintain at least the present value and secure for the future by keeping up the existing inventories of veteran trees and those earmarked as “veterans for the future”. British Waterways BAP Chapter on Woodlands and Scrub

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Taking the Wiltshire BAP Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees HAP forwards It was decided that as the Woodland, Wood-pasture and Hedgerows Habitat Action Plan working groups contained representatives from the same organisations, they should be taken forwards together. Therefore a combined working group has been set up to progress all three Action Plans. Ian Briscoe of the Forestry Commission will lead on the Woodland and Wood-pasture Plans, and Roger Griffin from Natural England will lead on Hedgerows. References:

English Heritage (2008) The Register of Parks and Gardens of Historic Interest. Harding, P.T. & Rose, F. (1986) Pasture-woodlands in Lowland Britain. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Natural Environment Research Council, Huntingdon. Rackham, O. (1990) Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape. J.M. dent and Sons, Ltd. London. Read, H. (2000) Veteran Trees: A guide to good management. English Nature Watts, K (1996) Wiltshire Deer Parks. Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine Volume 89, p.98

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No. Site Name 1 Stourhead 2 Chalcot Park & Dilton

Court 3 Castle Combe Park 4 Rushmore Park 5 Bowden Park 6 Spye Park 7 Rainscombe Park 8 Bagshot Park 9 Littlecote Park

10 Longleat 11 Bowood Park 12 Wilton House 13 Longford Park 14 Zeals Park 15 Clouds House 16 Neston Park 17 Frankleigh 18 Hudswell Park 19 Lucknam Park 20 Corsham Park 21 Easton Grey Park 22 Pinkney Park 23 Pythouse 24 Ferne Park 25 Boyton 26 Heytesbury 27 Dinton House 28 Conock 29 Blacklands Park 30 Red Lodge Park 31 Clarendon Park 32 Stowell Park 33 Coate Water Park 34 Stanton Park 35 Tottenham Deer Park 36 Upper Upham 37 Ramsbury Manor 38 Chilton Park 39 Flisteridge Wood 40 Barford & Trafalgar Parks 41 Roundway Park 42 Savernake Forest 43 Conholt Park 44 Wilbury Park 45 Hurdcott Park 46 Fonthill Park 47 Lydiard Park 48 The Lawns, Old Town 49 Charlton Park 50 Draycot Park (North)

Figure 7: Parkland Sites in Wiltshire identified by WSBRC Study 2003

Objective WPO1: maintain the extent and enhance the quality of the existing resource


WPA1: Build on results from WSBRC 2003 report into the extent of this resource in Wiltshire

Wood-pasture working group to evaluate the recommendations made by the report and agree priorities for further action

Wood-pasture Working Group

2008

WPA2: Research project about the historic extent of wood pasture and parkland sites and an assessment of restoration potential

Project completed WWT, WSBRC, County Archaeologists, New Forest NPA

2012 New Forest BAP; Center Parcs BAP (Target 16)

WPT1: Maintain existing extent of wood-pasture and parkland sites and seek opportunities for restoration

Measure 1: Priorities and plan of action agreed by Working Group (2008) Measure 2: No known losses reported by Working Group (ongoing) (Wood-pasture Working Group)

WPA3: Promote the use of agri-environment schemes to achieve management for biodiversity

Measure 1: Area of wood-pasture and parkland under AE schemes is maintained at 2007 baseline Measure 2: Targeting statements maintain priority

NE, Wood-pasture Working Group

Ongoing, Reporting Annually

SW BAP Wood-pasture and Parkland HAP Objective 1

Objective WP02: maintain and enhance the veteran and ancient tree resource in the County


WPA4: Review and collate existing ancient tree data to give an informed estimate of the Wiltshire resource.

Database complete Wood-pasture Working Group, New Forest NPA

2010 New Forest NPA producing Veteran Tree Strategy; Center Parcs BAP Target 16

WPA5: Improve local monitoring of veteran and ancient, and potential veteran and ancient trees

A Parish Tree Warden Scheme is set up

Wood-pasture Working Group, WCC (Countryside Manager), AONBs (CCWWD, NWD)

2009 Swindon BAP Veteran Trees and Parkland HAP (P1)

WPT2: Maintain, protect and manage known veteran and ancient trees

Target measure: 6000 trees protected through in-field AE scheme options by 2010 (5000 current baseline) (NE) Note: Target can be widened once Tree Warden Scheme set up.

WPA6: Promote appropriate management agreement visits outside woodland and wood pasture

50 trees a year included in appropriate management agreements

NE, WWT (LfW), WCC (Countryside Manager)


Wiltshire BAP Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees Action Plan – Targets and Actions

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WPA7: Protect potentially endangered and most valuable veteran and ancient trees with TPOs

TPOs used where veteran and ancient trees identified

LA Arboriculturists and Development Control officers, New Forest NPA


Swindon BAP Veteran Trees and Parkland HAP (P8)

WPA8: Educate professionals outside nature conservation (including arboricultural) about the value of veteran and ancient tree preservation.

1 training day/seminar per year – organised collectively

Wood-pasture Working Group, WCC (Countryside Manager), LA Arboriculturists, CCWWD AONB, New Forest NPA

2008 and ongoing

WPA9: Celebration of veteran and ancient trees amongst general public

One event per year Wood-pasture Working Group; National Trust, CCWWD AONB


WPA10: Identify the next generation of trees that will become the next veterans (provide the ecological services of veteran trees)

6000 in field trees included in AE schemes (5000 current baseline), and Tree Warden scheme in place

NE, new Unitary Authority, Wood-pasture Working Group, National Trust, Cotswolds AONB

2010 Center Parcs BAP Target 16; Swindon BAP Veteran Trees and Parkland HAP (P12)

WPA11: Where veteran and ancient trees are threatened though construction, planning permissions should ensure they are protected in accordance with BS5837:2005, Trees in Relation to Construction.

Ecological consultees request that Construction Method Statements or planning conditions refer to BS 5837:2005 in their responses to relevant planning applications

Development Control Planners, WCC (County and District Ecologists), Landscape and Arboricultural Officers, New Forest NPA


.

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees Habitat Action Plan:

Organisation RepresentativesCotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake Forestry Commission Ian Briscoe Forest Enterprise Chris Sorensen National Trust Simon Ford Natural England Roger Griffin New Forest National Park Authority Ian Barker, Bryan Wilson (Senior Tree Officer) North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White Wiltshire county Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Sanders (District Ecologists) WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls (Landscapes for Wildlife)

Background

Hedgerows are important not only for biodiversity, but also for farming, landscape, cultural and archaeological reasons. Hedgerows act as wildlife corridors for many species, allowing dispersal and movement across the landscape between other habitats. When lines of trees or shrubs forming a hedgerow are associated with features such as banks, ditches, trees or verges, these features are considered to form part of the hedgerow. There has been a dramatic reduction in the total UK hedgerow resource since 1945, and it is estimated that between 1984 and 1990, 23% of English hedges were lost. However the Countryside Survey of 2000 estimates that hedgerow loss has now been halted. This is partly as a result of the Hedgerow Regulations (1997), which make it illegal to remove “important hedgerows” without permission. The current total UK hedgerow length has been estimated at around 450,000km, calculated on a net rate of loss due to removal and neglect of about 5%. Only rough estimates exist of how much of this figure is made up of ancient and/or species-rich hedgerow, but figures suggest around 42% (UK BAP Hedgerows HAP). Ancient and/or species rich hedgerows are concentrated in southern England, especially in the south-west.

Some definitions…

Ancient Hedgerows Ancient hedgerows, which tend to be those that support the greatest diversity of plants and animals, may be defined as those which were in existence before the Enclosure Acts, passed mainly between 1720 and 1840 in Britain and from the mid seventeenth century in Ireland (UK BAP Hedgerows HAP).

Species-rich Hedgerows Species-rich hedgerows may be taken as those which contain 5 or more native woody species on average in a 30m length (UK BAP). Hedges which contain fewer woody species but a rich basal flora of herbaceous plants should also be included but practical criteria for identifying them have yet to be agreed. Many of the thin straight hawthorn hedges which characterise later parliamentary enclosures, as well as most hedges which consist mainly of beech, privet or yew or non-native trees, are excluded. Recently planted species-rich hedges are included. Hedgerows adjacent to roads, green lanes, tracks and wooded ground tend to be particularly species-rich. “Important Hedgerows” The Hedgerow Regulations (1997) make it illegal to remove “important hedgerows” without permission. “Important hedgerows” are defined as having existed for 30 years or more and satisfying at least one of the criteria listed under the Regulations. These criteria include specifications relating to wildlife and the landscape as well as historic features such as the hedgerow marking parish boundaries or being part of an archaeological site. With respect to wildlife and the landscape, the

Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Ancient and Species Rich Hedgerows over the next 30 years… A greatly expanded interconnected network of hedges, made up of a large proportion of ancient and/or species rich hedgerows, many of which have been restored. The importance of hedgerows is recognised by local communities, both for their value to wildlife and their contribution to the historic landscape.

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hedgerow might be protected by the Regulations for example if there are records from it of species listed under the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981). It might also be protected for example if it contains at least 7 woody species, or has fewer woody species but has other features associated with it, such as at least one standard tree every 50m, or at least 6 woody species and including one of Black Poplar, Large or Small-leaved Lime or Wild Service Tree. View the Regulations online to see the full list – www.opsi.gov.uk. Under the Regulations, land managers are required to submit a hedgerow removal notice to their local planning authority (LPA). The LPA then has a period of 42 days in which to determine whether a hedgerow is deemed “important” under the regulations, and therefore whether or not it may be removed. Hedgerows in Wiltshire

The length of hedgerows in Wiltshire (including Swindon) has been estimated by Grose (1957) as being 33,600km. This was calculated on a sample of approximately 9km of hedges per km2 in a desk based study of OS maps.

Progress Highlights since 2002

Survey work in Wroughton, Bishops Cannings and Pewsey Vale Although a county wide hedgerow survey has not been possible, some of the county’s hedgerows have now undergone detailed survey, and the data is held by the WSBRC.

Pewsey Vale Quiet Lanes Project In Pewsey Vale the 2003 “Quiet Lanes” project was launched by Wiltshire County Council and Kennet District Council in conjunction with the local community. This was part of a national initiative, and aimed to protect the character and tranquillity of designated countryside lanes, including the hedgerows, verges and wildlife. As part of the project 418 local hedgerows were surveyed.

The Wroughton Hedgerow Project A large proportion of hedgerows in Wroughton have now been surveyed and mapped thanks to the Wroughton Hedgerow Project set up in 2003. Graham O’Mahoney a WWT volunteer coordinated the scheme, which involved a network of voluntary surveyors who assessed the age, structure and species composition of the hedgerows and looked for the presence of associated features.

Species associated with this habitat

Hedgerows are important habitats in their own right, with ancient hedgerows usually being the most biologically diverse. The UK BAP Steering Group (1992) estimates that they can contain over 600 plant species (including some endemic species such as Whitebeam), 1500 insects, 65 birds and 20 mammals (including bats and Dormice). Hedgerows can act as an essential refuge for many woodland and farmland plants and animals, and as important links between different habitats.

Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae There are two fairly stable, widespread populations of Brown Hairstreak butterflies in Wiltshire. These are in the Braydon Forest area in the north, and straddling the Wilts/Hants border in the Tidworth/Cholderton area in the South. Brown Hairstreaks typically breed over large areas of countryside, mainly on farm hedges or Blackthorn within or near woodland. Vast numbers of eggs have been destroyed in the past by intensive hedgerow flailing, but improvements can be made with more appropriate hedgerow management. The brown hairstreak has been added to the UK BAP Priority List due to marked decline in the UK.

Brown Hairstreak (male): © Chris Tracey

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http://www.opsi.gov.uk/

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Links with existing Plans UK BAP Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows Action Plan Species Action Plans for Stag Beetle, Barbastelle, Bechsteins, Pipistrelle, Greater and Lesser Horseshoe bats and Dormouse South West BAP Habitat Action Plan for Hedgerows Other sections of the Wiltshire BAP Farmland Habitats HAP: Hedgerows are an essential refuge for many farmland bird species, including Grey Partridge and Turtle Dove - actions for which are covered under the Farmland Habitats Action Plan Woodland HAP: Hedgerows are an essential refuge, and provide habitat linkages for species of woodland bird including Spotted Flycatcher and Nightingale. Hedgerows are also important for Dormice metapopulations, and actions for Dormice are covered under the Woodland HAP. Bats SAP: hedgerows are important for bats, actions for which are covered under the Bats SAP. Swindon BAP Section 3: Farmland Habitats, 3.2 - Hedgerows Cotswold Water Park BAP Boundary Features HAP Black Poplar SAP Bats Group Species Action Plan British Waterways BAP Chapter on Hedgerows Taking the Wiltshire BAP Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees HAP forwards It was decided that as the Woodland, Wood-pasture and Hedgerows Habitat Action Plan working groups contained representatives from the same organisations, they should be taken forwards together. Therefore a combined working group has been set up to progress all three Action Plans. Ian Briscoe of the Forestry Commission will lead on the Woodland and Wood-pasture Plans, and Roger Griffin from Natural England will lead on Hedgerows. References: Grose, D. (1957) The Flora of Wiltshire. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, Devizes. Haynes-Young R.H. et al (2000) Accounting for nature: assessing habitats in the UK countryside. DETR, London. This is the report produced from the Countryside Survey, 2000. It can be downloaded from: www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk. The Countryside Survey takes place every 7 years, with the latest Survey having taken place in 2007. The latest report is due in 2008. The Hedgerow Regulations, 1997 – The Department of the Environment. The full text of the Hedgerow Regulations can be viewed on the Office of Public Sector Information website – www.opsi.gov.uk. The UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows can be viewed on the UK BAP website: www.ukbap.org.uk. It was originally published in: Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report - Volume II: Action Plans (December 1995, Tranche 1, Vol 2, p243)

http://www.countrysidesurvey.org.uk/


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Objective HO1: Protect, maintain and expand the length of this habitat


HT1: Amount of hedgerow restored or new hedgerow planted, outweighs that removed through hedgerow removal notices

Amount of hedgerow restored or new hedgerow planted is greater than that removed through hedgerow removal notices (LA Arboricultural Officers)

HA1: Ensure hedgerows are considered in review of WSBRC planning screen procedures and that LA Arboricultural Officers are aware of the support available from District Ecologists and WSBRC

LA arboricultural officers liaise with District Ecologists and WSBRC when need arises

WCC (District Ecologists), District Arboricultural Officers, WSBRC

2010 Hedgerow Regulations, 1997

Objective HO2: Enhance the quality of the current network of hedgerows


HA2: HLS includes an average of 15km per year of hedgerow restoration

15km of hedgerow restoration included in HLS each year

NE Ongoing, reporting annually

SW BAP Hedgerows HAP Objective 2; Swindon BAP (HG6); CWP BAP (BOU-02)

HT2: Restore degraded hedgerows (includes reinstatement of historic hedgerows) Note: Historic Landscape Characterisation can be used as a tool to prioritise hedgerows

18km hedgerow restored per year through HLS and small grants (NE) Note: specify that hedge-line should not be scraped or sprayed with herbicide and appropriate species should be specified

HA3: Encourage landowners to restore degraded hedges through small grants.

3km per annum restored by landowners (not including that which is in stewardship)

WCC (Countryside Manager) and WWT (LfW)


SW BAP Hedgerows HAP Objective 2; CWP BAP (BOU-03)

HT3: At least maintain length of hedge trimmed biennially (or less) under ES (baseline measure is 3900km in 2007)

At least maintain length of hedge trimmed biennially (or less) under ES (baseline measure is 3900km in 2007) (NE)

HA4: Maintain an overview of the amount of hedge length in ES management

The length of hedgerow in ES management is known

NE, Woodland Working Group


Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Hedgerows Habitat Action Plan: Organisation RepresentativesDistrict Councils Arboricultural Officers Natural England Roger Griffin Wiltshire County Council Steve Russell, Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Sanders (District Ecologists) WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls (Landscapes for Wildlife Project)

Wiltshire BAP Ancient and/or Species Rich Hedgerows Action Plan – Targets and Actions

The Wiltshire BAP 2002 did not contain a Habitat Action Plan for Traditional Orchards. Traditional Orchards as a habitat were added to the revised UK BAP Priority Habitats and Species List 2007, and as a result of this, when reviewing the Wiltshire BAP it was decided that a HAP for Traditional Orchards should be included in the Wiltshire BAP 2008. A small group of interested parties was set up to formulate the HAP, and because little is known about this habitat in the county, the Action Plan that the group have drawn-up is based mainly around fact finding and is not as in depth as some of the other HAPs in the revised Wiltshire BAP. Traditional orchards are structurally and ecologically similar to wood-pasture and parkland, with open-grown trees set in herbaceous vegetation, but are generally distinguished from these wood-pasture complexes by:

- The species composition of the trees, primarily being in the family Rosaceae

- Denser tree arrangement - The small scale of individual habitat patches - The wider dispersion and greater frequency of occurrence of

habitat patches in the countryside - Management of the component trees being through activities

such as grafting and pruning as opposed to timber production through pollarding or felling

The table below shows the main ways in which traditional orchards differ from most modern commercial orchards which are intensively managed.

Traditional Orchards Intensive Orchards Low intensity No chemical input Grazing of the orchard floor or cutting for hay Larger, older trees (e.g. Perry Pears 150 years old) and spacing of between 3-20m Vigorous rootstocks Dead wood provides home for saproxylic species Can have long history of continuity on same site

High intensity Input of chemicals Frequent mowing of the orchard floor Planting of short-lived, high density dwarf or bush fruit trees, which are regularly replaced Dwarfing rootstocks Dead wood removed

Traditional Orchards Habitat Action Plan

Pictures: Apple tree and Mistletoe © Rob Large, Stag

Beetle © Beverley Heath

Traditional orchards can occur on a wide range of soil types and slope types, but are generally found in lowland areas. England has the bulk of the resource, and OS Master Map® polygons have been used to estimate the total English orchard resource at 47,000ha, of which 28,000ha is classed as traditional orchard (Lush et al, 2005). Historical data shows that over the whole of England, the area of orchard has declined by 57% since 1950. There have been much greater declines in traditional orchard area than in orchard area as a whole, for example loss of traditional orchard in Devon between 1946-2003 is thought to have been at nearly 90%. Statutory protection of traditional orchards is very limited. There are few orchards in SSSIs or protected by TPOs. However, positive incentives under agri-environment scheme options are available in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and it is estimated that around 3000ha of traditional orchards are under agreement within these schemes.

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Orchards in Wiltshire OS Master Map® derived estimates suggest that there are around 487 orchards amounting to 134 hectares in Wiltshire (see figure 8). However, ground-truthing has not yet been carried out, so it is not possible to determine the reliability of this data, or distinguish between which of these are traditional and which are non-traditional orchards. Use of aerial photographs and ground-truthing for the national OS Master Map® figures for the number and distribution of orchards, has however proved OS Master Map® to be quite reliable, Robertson (2006). Targets have been included in the new Wiltshire BAP HAP for Orchards to ground-truth the available OS Master Map® data, and to produce an estimate of the extent of this which is traditional orchard.

Sites in Wiltshire Clattinger Orchard An orchard at Clattinger Farm, owned by Wiltshire Wildlife Trust is to be renovated. There are about 15 trees on the site which have steadily become overgrown and unmanaged. These trees are to be identified and then over a period of years carefully pruned and tended by a member of the Trust staff to bring them back into full vigour, and also to manage the area for wildlife. There is also going to be a new orchard planted nearby which will consist of only traditional Wiltshire varieties. This will be used by the Trust as part of their community engagement as well as for the conservation of fruit varieties and to attract traditional orchard wildlife. Reeves Orchard, Bratton This land was owned by the Reeves Family who ran an ironworks and foundry in the village. In 1936 a mixed orchard of 146 trees was planted in rows running east to west. There are 11 different varieties of apples and several varieties of damson trees. The orchard was gifted to the village in 1988, and lay dormant and heavily overgrown for some years prior to the Parish Council’s decision to institute a Conservation Management Plan in 1998. It is now managed by the council under Countryside Stewardship. Work parties are held to carry out necessary maintenance and pruning sessions have been organised with staff from Lackham College. The orchard is part of the annual Bratton Fete with a scavenger hunt amongst the apple trees. Apple Days There are several traditional Apple Days held in Wiltshire each year, including at Lacock and Lackham College.

Species Orchards are hotspots for biodiversity in the countryside, supporting a wide range of wildlife including many BAP species. The wildlife of orchard sites depends on the mosaic of habitats they encompass, including fruit trees, scrub, hedgerows, hedgerow trees, non-fruit trees within the orchard, the orchard floor habitats, fallen dead wood and associated features such as ponds and streams. This richness is illustrated by the results of an intensive study of a set of 3 orchards in the Wyre Forest SSSI in 2004, the first of its kind in the UK. The orchards only cover a total area of 5.4 ha, yet a grand total of 1,868 species of wild plants and animals were recorded from the orchards, including vascular plants, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, mammals and invertebrates (Winnall and Smart, 2005).

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Vascular plants The semi-parasitic plant, mistletoe, is particularly associated with traditional orchards. At some sites orchard floor vegetation includes species-rich grassland, the diversity being influenced by factors such as grazing intensity and density of shading by fruit trees. Lowland Meadow priority BAP habitat (MG5 and MG8) occurs, and is of SSSI quality in places. The flora can include Green-winged Orchid (Anacamptis morio) and Adder’s Tongue Fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum). Ancient woodland indicators can also be present.

Lichens Surveys of 6 orchards in 2004 by English Nature (Lush et al, 2005) recorded 131 species of epiphytic lichen, including 16 Nationally Rare or Nationally Scarce species. Telioschistes chrysopthalmus, a priority BAP lichen species now thought to be extinct in the UK, once typically occurred on orchard trees in south-west England.

Fungi English Nature’s 2004 Orchards Survey listed 175 species of fungi, about half of which were found associated with dead and living wood, and most of the remainder with the orchard floor grassland. These orchards were found to be particularly good habitats for Waxcap fungi, a threatened assemblage of fungi dependant on unimproved grassland.

Invertebrates Orchard trees support many invertebrates, including canopy species such as the Nationally Scarce hoverfly, Eupeodes nitens, which is usually associated with ancient woodland. Orchard floor grasslands also support invertebrates of interest, including the Nationally Scarce Grass-feeding Bug Amblytus brevicollis.

Birds A wide variety of birds have been recorded in traditional orchards, including 14 Red List birds, 8 of which are priority BAP species (Report to UK BAP Steering Group). One UK BAP species, the Wryneck, now more or less absent from England, was historically strongly associated with orchards. The declining Red List birds, Tree Sparrow and Lesser Spotted Woodpecker are recorded as breeding in orchards, and are among the species able to occupy nest cavities in orchard trees.

Mammals Small mammals such as Dormice may be found in traditional orchards, and a variety of bat species forage over traditional orchards, including Greater Horseshoes, Pipistrelles and Noctules.

Saproxylic Species Saproxylic species are those which are dependent on wood-decay habitats, and are particularly diverse in traditional orchards. A compilation of survey data on saproxylic invertebrates for example, shows that around some 390 species are characteristic of traditional orchards (Robertson, 2006).

The results of the orchard surveys by English Nature (Lush et al, 2005), together with other information on the ecological relationship of orchards to other habitats, suggest that traditional orchards are a significant part of a spatial series or network of habitats at a landscape scale that are able sustain scarce lichens, invertebrates and other species that require continuity of habitat through time.

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Fruit Cultivars A feature of the biodiversity of traditional orchards is the great variety of fruit cultivars that they contain – there are upwards of 2000 varieties surviving in Britain, and probably more than 10,000 in Europe as a whole. This agricultural biodiversity is not an explicit part of the current UK BAP; however the UK Government is a signatory to the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, 2001. The destruction of many traditional orchards in recent years means that many varieties are under threat of extinction. The Common Ground website provides some information about traditional Wiltshire varieties, compiled from Morgan and Richards (2002):

- Burn’s Seedling is though to be a variety raised by the Head Gardener at Tottenham Park near Marlborough in the 19th century

- Celt raised in 1843 by David Harris of Melksham - Chorister Boy found in a garden in Wiltshire and introduced by Keynes, Williams and Co. of Salisbury,

recorded in 1890 - Corsley Pippin - Dredge’s Fame introduced by nurseryman, William Dredge from Wishford - Roundway Magnum Bonum raised by Mr Joy, gardener at Roundway Park, near Devizes, first

documented 1864 - Bedwyn Beauty raised by Mr Stone of Great Bedwyn near Marlborough in 1890 - Mary Barnett raised by Mary Jane Barnett, Steeple Ashton, in 1920

Figure 8: Orchards in Wiltshire (note: site size scaled up for clarity)

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Taking the new Orchards Habitat Action Plan forwards… A working group has been set up to take forwards the targets and actions under the Orchards HAP. Michael New and Neil Pullen from Wiltshire Wildlife Trust will lead the group. First steps include setting up a volunteer-led orchards project. Links with other Plans UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Orchards not yet published Habitat Action Plan for Wood-pasture and Parkland Species Action Plan for Stag Beetle South West Biodiversity Action Plan Habitat Action Plan for Parkland, Wood-pasture and Veteran Trees Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP Habitat Action Plans for Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees, Hedgerows Species Action Plan for Bats

References

Dr Heather Robertson (2006) Traditional Orchards Proposal to UK BAP Steering Group. Available from Library section of the UK BAP Website – www.ukbap.org.uk. Direct link: http://www.ukbap.org.uk/library/BRIG/SHRW/Consultation/PriorityHabitatsReviewConsultationReportAnnexes.pdf

Lush et al (2005), English Nature Research Report “The extent, distribution, biodiversity and management of traditional orchards in England – Volume II: Case Studies”. Available from Library section of the UK BAP Website – www.ukbap.org.uk.

Morgan, J. and Richards, A. (2002) The New Book of Apples, Ebury Press

English Nature Report no. 707, Winnall, R. A. & Smart, M. J. eds. (2005) Wyre Forest orchard survey. Wyre Forest Study Group report commissioned by English Nature.

Further information

Natural England Technical Information Note TIN012 – Traditional Orchards Natural England Technical Information Note TIN020 – Traditional Orchards and Wildlife Natural England Technical Information Note TIN021 – Traditional Orchards Glossary Download these from www.naturalengland.org.uk Sustain have been working on a national orchard project with Leader+ to conserve and bring into sustainable management, traditional orchards in six Leader+ funded areas: Herefordshire Rivers, Somerset Level and Moors, Teignbridge, North West Devon, Mid Kent and Cumbria Fells and Dales. More information about the project is available from the Sustain website: http://www.sustainweb.org/page.php?id=122 The National Orchard Forum: http://www.nat-orchard-forum.org.uk/ The People’s Trust for Endangered Species (PTES) has embarked on an ambitious project over two years, supported by Natural England, to conduct a survey of orchards in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Kent, Devon, Somerset and Cumbria. So far the project has developed a digital map of over 13000 orchards in these counties, and has involved 200 volunteers in surveying 4500 of these orchards. PTES have now secured funding to extend this survey to produce a traditional orchards inventory for England as a whole. PTES website: http://ptes.org/index.php?cat=95 The UK National Fruit Collection: Defra support the maintenance and development of the UK National Fruit Collection, which is a valuable genetic conservation resource, through a research commission held jointly by Imperial College at Wye and the Brogdale Horticultural Trust. More information from the website: http://www.nfc.u-net.com/ The Common Ground website provides lots of information about conserving orchards, and how to set up a community orchard. Go to http://www.england-in-particular.info/orchards/o-index.html for more information.


http://www.ukbap.org.uk/library/BRIG/SHRW/Consultation/PriorityHabitatsReviewConsultationReportAnnexes.pdf


http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/

http://www.sustainweb.org/page.php?id=122

http://www.nat-orchard-forum.org.uk/

http://ptes.org/index.php?cat=95

http://www.nfc.u-net.com/

http://www.england-in-particular.info/orchards/o-index.html

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Objective TOO1: To obtain a reliable estimate of the extent and quality of the traditional orchard resource in Wiltshire


TOA1: Recruit volunteer orchard survey coordinator

Volunteer recruited WWT, WSBRC, PTES, NE

July 08

TOA2: Aerial photo interpretation to estimate area of traditional orchards in sample squares

Interim sample map produced

WWT, WSBRC, PTES, NE

November 08

TOT1: Survey 3 sample grid squares

3 grid squares surveyed by March 2009 (4 including Swindon target) (Traditional Orchards Working Group)

TOA3: Ground truth the sample squares

Ground truthing complete for all orchards identified

WWT, WSBRC, PTES, NE

March 09

Objective TOO2: Raise the profile of traditional orchards


TOA4: 3 events 3 events spread over the year

WWT (including World Changers), WSBRC, NE, Butterfly Conservation

November 08

TOA5: At least 3 additional media items

3 items WWT, WSBRC November 08

TOA6: Encourage records from County Recorders and other specialists

3 Articles in relevant specialist publications

WWT, WSBRC November 08

TOT2: Raise the profile of traditional orchards in order to improve our knowledge, and involve the public in their conservation

At least 20 records of or from orchards submitted by the general public by 2008

TOA7: Investigate how much community based orchard activity is already going on

Number of existing community orchard groups is known

WWT, WWT (World Changers)

March 09

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Traditional Orchards Habitat Action Plan

Organisation RepresentativesButterfly Conservation Marc Taylor Natural England Chris Wedge PTES Anita BurroughWSBRC Purgle Linham, Volunteer Orchards Surveyor Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Neil Pullen, Michael New, Sarah Wilkinson, Bill Jenman, Volunteer Orchards Surveyor, Jackie Thomas

(World Changers)

Wiltshire BAP Traditional Orchards Habitat Action Plan

Farmland Habitats Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Farmland Habitats over the next 30 years… An abundance of the common-place, so that Wiltshire’s residents can once again live amongst fields full of insects, farmland birds and mammals, with a wealth of previously common arable plants such as the Cornflower. An increase in the populations of now rare arable plants and farmland birds and butterflies, climate space permitting Wiltshire to be nationally recognised for its importance in terms of arable biodiversity, and for its human inhabitants to revel in and celebrate its uniqueness, and be involved in its management and conservation.

Background

Over 70% of England’s land surface is farmed (Defra, 2006), However, the influence of agriculture on biodiversity exceeds the farmed land itself, as the majority of semi-natural habitats are linked to the agricultural landscape. Biodiversity on farmland has come under intense pressure, most notably since 1945, largely due to rapid changes in agricultural practice. Arable Farmland is the most abundant habitat in Wiltshire, and represents about 50% of the county’s area. Arable farming has been practiced on the chalk soils of south, central and eastern Wiltshire for over 3000 years, and the landscape is characterised by its open, large fields with relatively few trees. Wiltshire contains some of the most biologically diverse arable land in Britain, and is particularly important for rare arable plants and farmland birds. South Wiltshire is in Plantlife’s list of the 15 richest vice-counties for arable plants in Britain (Byfield and Still, 2007). A decision was taken to change the name of this HAP from Arable Farmland as it was called in the 2002 Wiltshire BAP, to Farmland Habitats, in order to encompass mixed farming, arable plants and farmland birds. A long discussion was had about whether to have a separate HAP for Farmland Birds, but it was decided that the group could be covered sufficiently by renaming the Arable HAP.

Important Sites in Wiltshire: Arable Plant Hotspots

Plantlife have devised a methodology to identify a number of Important Arable Plant Areas (IAPAs) in the UK. The majority of IAPAs of national and European importance lie in southern and eastern England. To date 33 Arable Plant Hotspots or Important Arable Plant Areas (IAPAs) have been identified in Wiltshire, illustrating its importance for rare arable plant biodiversity. Fields around Whiteparish in south-east Wiltshire have been identified as an IAPA of European importance and are actually recorded as a UK Important Plant Area (IPA) due to the diversity of the arable flora. The area has no formal protection, but is of exceptional importance for its rich flora, in part reflecting the mixed chalky and sandy soils at the boundary of the heathlands of the Hampshire basin and the elevated Wiltshire downs to the north. Notable species include Pheasant’s-eye, Narrow-fruited Cornsalad and Shepherd’s-needle.

Pictures: Corn Chamomile © Rob Large, Brown Hare © Darin Smith

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Species The extensive area of arable farmland in Wiltshire means that many species will utilise arable land in conjunction with other habitats or features that are part of the landscape, such as hedgerows, water bodies, woodland and grassland. There are many species that depend on farmland habitats, and although no quantitative data exists, it has been suggested that around 700 species of invertebrates and some 70 species of birds are dependent upon this habitat, along with 150 species of flowering plants.

Rare Arable Plants Over 150 members of the British flora are characteristic of the arable environment, sharing the same ecological niche as the crop plants among which they grow. Many arable species show a surprisingly high fidelity to particular sites, with populations of rarer species being recorded from particular fields for decades or even centuries. An association has been demonstrated between the numbers of rare arable plant species present on a site, and the length of time for which arable farming has been practiced (Wilson, 1990). Arable flora is the most threatened group of plants in Britain today; 54 species are considered rare or threatened, while 7 species are extinct in the arable setting (Byfield and Still, 2007).

Arable Plants Project In recognition of the dramatic decline nationally in arable plant populations, Plantlife has run the “Arable Plants Project” in partnership with FWAG. The project targets farms which historically have had rich assemblages of arable species, encouraging the owners to choose the appropriate options when entering into new agri-environment schemes. Find out more about the project at its website: www.arableplants.org.uk.

Farmland Birds The UK farmland bird indicator used by Defra, includes 19 species. Data collected since 1970 is from the Common Birds Census (CBS) and the BTO/JNCC/RSPB Breeding Birds Survey (BBS). The indicator shows that there was a significant decline in farmland birds in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. However the rate of decline appears to have slowed and the indicator has fluctuated at around 55% of the baseline since the late 1990s. The long-term decline has been most marked in farmland specialist species, the indicator for these species being only 35% of the baseline, and some species such as Grey Partridge, Turtle Dove and Starling have continued to decline. Over the same period, populations of generalist farmland species have increased (Defra, 2006), e.g. Reed Buntings have shown an increase of 13% above the baseline, although numbers of Yellow Wagtail are at their lowest level since the baseline year. The government’s Public Service Agreement (PSA) target is to reverse the long term decline in the number of farmland birds in England by 2020, as measured annually.

Decline in specific Farmland Bird Species Decline in some farmland bird species illustrated by the BBS between 1970 and 1999:

- Tree Sparrow: 95% - Corn Bunting: 88% - Turtle Dove: 71% - Grey Partridge: 79% - Lapwing – 51%

Butterflies on Farmland In 2006 Defra added “Butterflies on Farmland” to its list of Arable Biodiversity indicators. The abundance of butterflies on farmland sites has fallen by nearly a fifth over the last 16 years, with specialist species as a group (which includes species such as Adonis Blue and Marsh Fritillary) declining to a low point of 29% in 2001 (Defra 2006). Since 2001 there has been a modest recovery in specialist species, but recent trends are uncertain. Some species however, such as Chalkhill Blue and Silver-washed Fritillary appear to be doing well. In 2006 both of these species produced their highest index since monitoring began in 1976, and both have now been removed from the UK BAP Priority Species List. Butterflies are increasingly being recognised as valuable environmental indicators, both for their rapid and sensitive responses to subtle habitat or climatic changes and as representatives for the diversity and responses of other wildlife.

Lapwing © Charlotte son Wat

Extensive research has shown that the declines that have been exhibited over the past 50 years in many farmland species have largely been caused by changes in agriculture, primarily driven by changes in government policy. Increased efficiency has resulted in the grubbing up of hedgerows to create larger fields, ploughing closer to field margins to increase the cropped areas, and drainage to dry out damper areas – all to increase

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http://www.arableplants.org.uk/

production. There have also been changes in cropping practices including a shift from spring to autumn cultivation, which has reduced the amount of over-wintered stubble, an important foraging habitat for farmland birds. Many farms have become specialised, resulting in a loss of habitat diversity, which many species, particularly birds and mammals such as Brown Hare, need to survive. The widespread use of broad-spectrum herbicides has meant that the overall abundance and diversity of farmland flora and fauna has been greatly reduced. One of the major factors that resulted in the slowing in decline of farmland birds at the end of the 1980s was the introduction of set-aside. However, set-aside land is now likely to be lost on a large scale, as a result of the EU’s decision to remove the requirement on farmers for compulsory set-aside areas and high grain prices. Actions have also been included in the revised Farmland Action Plan for the Brown Hare, Lepus europaeus, and the Harvest Mouse, Micromys minutus. The harvest mouse has always been more prevalent in southern counties in England, but there is little known about its natural history, present status and range in the UK. It has been added to the new UK BAP Priority Species List. The Wiltshire Mammal Group is working to find out more about its distribution in Wiltshire, and actions have been included for this in the revised Farmland Action Plan.


Tree Sparrow One of the targets in the Wiltshire BAP 2002, was to achieve an increase in the number of Tree Sparrows to 210 breeding pairs. In one year alone, 2002-2003, numbers of this once-common farmland bird rose to 280 pairs. The target to increase the winter Tree Sparrow flock to 600 has also been vastly exceeded, with at least double this number of birds now overwintering in Wiltshire. These results have been achieved through the RSPB Wessex Farmland Bird Project (part funded by Wessex Water) between 2003-2006, and through work carried out by WOS, and through FWAG’s Wiltshire Farmland Biodiversity Project, in conjunction with WOS. The aim of all of this work was to stabilise the existing tree sparrow population in Wiltshire, expand it into historical corridors, and meet national and county BAP targets for Tree Sparrow recovery. The results were achieved through a combination of survey work, direct intervention (e.g. setting up feeding stations) and the provision of advice to farmers on creation of suitable habitat sites to support Tree Sparrows, funded through agri-environment schemes. More information about the RSPB’s project can be found at: http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/farming/working/projects/wessex/treesparrows.asp. Butterflies and arable field margins at Porton Down At Dstl Porton Down, a three year study of butterfly populations using newly established arable field margins has shown a rapid and sustained utilisation of these margins, not only by ‘farmland’ butterflies, but also by less common species including UK BAP species. An initial survey of 111 arable field boundaries carried out in 2005, prior to margins being sown, recorded a total of 211 butterflies of 14 different species. Species were all common farmland butterflies except Dark Green Fritillary. This species occurs in very high numbers on the Porton Down SSSI and its great mobility allows it to explore adjacent areas, such as the Porton Down farm. In fact, 102 of the 211 butterflies recorded in 2005 were of this species. Only one BAP species was recorded, the Small Heath. Field margins were sown in 2005/06 and comprised mixtures to benefit butterflies, small mammals and other invertebrates, wild birds and game birds. In 2006, during the first year of margin establishment, 202 margins were surveyed. A very dramatic increase in butterfly populations led to 6980 butterflies of 26 species being recorded. Exceptional weather during June and July, when the survey was undertaken, enabled the value of margins to be fully expressed. Of the 2 BAP species recorded in 2006 the Small Heath was present on every margin and a singleton Small Blue was seen.

Arable field margins at Porton Down © Stuart Corbett/Dstl

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The survey was repeated in 2007 during less advantageous summer weather. A total of 144 margins were ned in May, June, July and August and 1415 butterflies of 24 species were recorded. The development of ations on margins had progressed with, despite the weather, species such as Marbled White increasing in

itingly other BAP species – Dingy Skippers and Marsh Fritillaries – were recorded in June. The e of the Marsh Fritillaries on an arable margin was totally unexpected and led to the discovery of a new

ation at Porton Down.

s exercise has shown what can be achieved for farmland butterflies, including some BAP species. Further evelopments will include the establishment of larval foodplants in margins and, most importantly, the ssemination of this success to other landowners in the vicinity to increase the establishment of favourable

tat within the farmed landscape.

examipopulnumber. Excpresencpopul Thiddihabi

Pheasant’s-eye on the Salisbury Plain Training Estate (SPTE) The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has significantly increased the numbers of the “Pheasant’s-eye” flower on the Salisbury Plain Training Estate – one of the last refuges for this rare native plant. Pheasant’s-Eye plants produce very few seeds, and their numbers have dramatically declined due to intensive agricultural practices. It has only been recorded in the wild on 18 sites since 1987. Environmental management, military disturbance and a lack of pesticides and herbicides have all contributed to its growth on Salisbury Plain. Every year, Defence Estates Ecologists monitor the plants’ health and dispersal, and take action to encourage it to germinate. Because wild Pheasant’s-eye is so rare, it is important that management on Salisbury Plain occurs which will help to increase their numbers. Since this specific management has been introduced more plants have appeared each year along with other arable plants such as Common Poppy and Common Fumitory.

Pheasant’s-eye © Stephen Davis

Taking the new Farmland Habitats Habitat Action Plan forwards… A working group has been set up, maintaining continuity from the original Working Group (led by Tim Frayling) which was very successful in implementing the original Farmland Action Plan. The group will be chaired by Simon Smart from Black Sheep Countryside Management, and meet twice a year.

Links with other Plans UK BAP Habitat Action Plans for Cereal Field Margins Species Action Plans for Stone Curlew, Skylark, Linnet, Corn Bunting, Grey Partridge, Turtle Dove, Tree Sparrow and Brown Hare South West Biodiversity Action Plan Habitat Action Plan for Arable Farmland South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan Section 8: Farming and Food Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP Built Environment HAP – includes actions for building nesting birds – some farmland birds have suffered decline due to conversion of old farm buildings and barns, which they would have used to nest in Standing Open Water and Rivers and Streams HAPs – reedbeds which are covered under these HAPs are also important habitat for harvest mice – actions for which are under the Farmland HAP Swindon BAP Section 3: Farmland Habitats – 3.1: Arable Farmland Cotswold Water Park BAP Habitat Action Plan for Farmed Land Center Parcs BAP Target 12: Brown Hare – sustain current range of activity British Waterways BAP Chapter on Field Margins

References

Anderson, S. (2002). Identifying Important Plant Areas. Plantlife, London.

Byfield, A.J. & Still, K. (2007) New Priorities for Arable Plant Conservation. Plantlife International, Salisbury, UK

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Byfield, A.J. & Wilson, P. J. (2005). Important Arable Plant Areas: identifying priority sites for arable plant conservation in the United Kingdom. Plantlife International, Salisbury, UK.

Defra (2006) Working with the grain of nature - taking it forward: Volume II Measuring progress on the England Biodiversity Strategy: 2006 assessment. Download from: http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/biodiversity/biostrat/indicators/index.htm

Defra (on behalf of the UK Biodiversity Partnership) (2007) Biodiversity Indicators in your Pocket. Download from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/pdf/2010-BIYP2007.pdf

Wilson (1990) The ecology and conservation of rare arable weed species and communities. PhD Thesis, Southampton

Information about trends in farmland (and other) birds on a European scale can be found on the European Bird Census Council’s website: http://www.ebcc.info/pecbm.html

The United Kingdom Butterfly Monitoring Scheme Annual Report 2006 can be downloaded from: http://www.ukbms.org/docs/reports/2006/UKBMS%20Annual%20Report%202006_Final_web_version.pdf

http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/biodiversity/biostrat/indicators/index.htm

http://www.ukbms.org/docs/reports/2006/UKBMS Annual Report 2006_Final_web_version.pdf

Objective FHO1: Wiltshire is nationally recognised as being very important for arable biodiversity - abundance of the common place


FHT1: Maintaining and enhancing populations of relatively 'common' farmland species

Available data indicates positive trends (Farmland Habitats Working Group)

FHA1: monitor available data for all farmland species and react within the BAP to adverse changes

Data reviewed annually Farmland Habitats Working Group, WSBRC


FHA2: Pilot effective delivery of ES for arable biodiversity in the wider countryside

Project officer in place Natural England, RSPB, GWCT, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD, Cotswolds), Plantlife, MOD, National Trust

2008 FHT2: Support South West Farmland Bird Project to deliver arable biodiversity (including plants) within the wider countryside

Project officer engaged as part of national pilot project (Natural England)

FHA3: Lobby for simple changes to target ELS management to help arable biodiversity , including promotion of in field options

Include in all appropriate consultations

WWT, GWCT, RSPB, Plantlife, National Trust

2009

Objective FHO2: Protect and enhance Wiltshire’s farmland bird populations


FHA4: To find and secure funding for a dedicated full time advisor to lead on delivery of the Farmland HAP

A dedicated full time advisor in post

FWAG, WWT, NE, RSPB, Black Sheep Countryside Management, Plantlife, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds)

2008

FHA5: To maintain data on current populations of farmland birds to allow appropriate targeting of AE options and other resources.

A regular (5 year) BBS survey on SPTA, North Wessex Downs, West Wilts and Cranborne Chase AONB

RSPB, BTO, WSBRC and WOS through Bird Conservation Targeting Project, NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), MOD

One initial survey by 2011, and then at 5 yearly intervals

FHT3: Ensure that at least 10% of arable land is in in-field options under an agri environment scheme by 2012 (baseline: 7.05%) FHT4: Achieve an area of an average of 1ha (1%) of land providing wild bird seed mix per km2 (baseline: 0.25%) FHT5: Achieve an area of an average of 5ha (5%) of land providing invertebrate bird food per km2 FHT6: NE to redefine overwintering stubbles as weedy stubble in AE schemes FHT7: Maintain existing

Amount of arable land in relevant AE scheme options (FHT3 - 10%, FHT4 - 1ha per km2, FHT5 - 5ha per km2, FHT6 - redefined by NE, FHT7 - maintain at 4.35ha per km2) (NE)

FHA6: Promote the use of agri-environment schemes to provide suitable habitat for farmland birds in target areas.

Provision of advice at 100% of farm visits

FWAG, WWT (LfW project, CWS), NE, RSPB, Black Sheep Countryside Management, MOD National Trust, Cotswolds AONB


Wiltshire BAP Farmland Habitats Habitat Action Plan

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level (4.35ha per km, 4.35%) of land providing overwintering stubble per km2

FHA7: NE to improve the definition and targeting of overwintering stubbles to increase weed seed availability

ELS/HLS revised NE 2009 ready for ELS review

FHA8: Continue to support Stone Curlew conservation work in Wiltshire

Maintain dedicated team of 2 taking a lead on delivery of stone curlew targets.

RSPB, Natural England, MOD


FHT8: Stone Curlew - Increase the range and number of Stone Curlew in Wiltshire

3 year rolling average of 90 pairs of breeding Stone Curlew in Wiltshire in at least 12 10km squares (2007 baseline is 85 pairs in 12 10km squares) (RSPB/WOS)

FHA9: Seek to secure existing breeding habitat currently under set-aside into agri-environment schemes

Maintenance of current number of pairs breeding on set-aside regardless of whether set-aside remains



FHA10: Promote provision of good foraging and good nesting habitat in close proximity

Ensure 20ha of foraging habitat within 1km of 50% of nest sites

NE, RSPB Ongoing, reporting annually

FHA11: Continue to spread best practice among appropriate advisory staff - FWAG, ADAS, NE, WWT, and farmers and landowners in stone-curlew conservation

1 training event per year

RSPB, NE One per year, ongoing reporting annually

FHT9: Stone Curlew - Support through conservation effort an increase in breeding productivity

Annual breeding productivity of 0.7 young per pair achieved (RSPB/WOS)

FHA12: Encourage people wishing to see Stone Curlew to use existing facilities without disturbing birds and promote sensitive managed access at existing and new RSPB reserve network in Wiltshire.

Provide opportunities for escorted groups to view stone-curlews at RSPB Reserves in Wiltshire

RSPB Ongoing, reporting annually

FHT10: Stone Curlew - Achieve and maintain above 50% the proportion of Stone Curlew breeding on semi-natural grassland

Maintain above 50% (RSPB)

FHA13: Promote the complete nesting environment to landowners and farmers

Maintain above 50% the proportion of stone curlew breeding on semi natural grassland



FHT11: Farmland Birds: - Increase the breeding population and re-establish historical range of Tree Sparrows - Maintain the breeding population and

Corn Bunting: Maintain population at 4510-6050 summer pairs, and winter individuals at 6320-8480. Maintain range at presence in 295 tetrads;

FHA14: Specific measures in ELS/HLS for birds listed (breeding, wintering)

Measure 1: Full time dedicated advisor in post (FHA2). Measure 2: Specific actions/measures within AE agreements within farmland bird hotspots

NE, RSPB, DE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), WOS, GWCT, FWAG


SW BAP Arable Farmland HAP Objective 6

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FHA15 (Tree Sparrow): Continue with targeted recovery initiatives (nest box/feeding stations) and their monitoring within key areas. Expand effort at strategic county borders where appropriate.

All existing wooden nest boxes replaced with woodcrete

AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), WOS, NE, GWCT, FWAG, National Trust

2012 Built Environment HAP - Building Nesting Birds target; Swindon BAP Arable Farmland Action Plan; CWP BAP – FL01

maintain the range of Corn Bunting, Yellow Wagtail, Turtle Dove and Grey Partridge in Wiltshire

Tree Sparrow - Achieve a breeding population of 400 pairs by 2010 and maintain thereafter. Baseline c. 300 summer breeding pairs, 400 winter individuals. Re-establish historical range - current range 76 tetrads; Yellow Wagtail – Maintain range at presence in 127 tetrads. Baseline population is 300-500 summer pairs Grey Partridge - maintain population of c.2500 summer pairs and maintain range at presence in 361 tetrads Turtle Dove – Maintain existing range at presence in 142 tetrads (ongoing) (WOS)

FHA16: Ensure that important farmland bird sites currently in Classic Schemes are assessed and entered into a suitable new scheme where appropriate.

All sites which retain farmland bird interest are entered into a suitable new scheme

NE, RSPB, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), GWCT

2014, ongoing with annual reporting until then

FHA17: Ensure the maintenance, restoration and creation of suitable habitat to support breeding wet grassland specialists

A designated lead officer in every area to coordinate work and capitalise on opportunities

NE, EA, WWT, GWCT, FWAG

2008 FHT8: Wet Grassland Specialists - increase the breeding population of Redshank, Snipe and Curlew, and maintain the range of Lapwing

Achieve a breeding population of 5 pairs of Redshank by 2012, 5 pairs of Snipe by 2015, 40 pairs of Curlew by 2015, and maintain range of Lapwing at presence in 444 tetrads (WOS)

FHA18: Specific measures in HLS/ELS for species listed (breeding, wintering)

Specific actions/measures within AE agreements within lowland wet grassland bird hotspots

NE, RSPB, DE, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD), WOS, WWT, GWCT, FWAG


FHT9: Great Bustard - Manage existing habitat for use of GBs

GBs using network of plots throughout autumn/winter and females nesting in spring/summer (ongoing) (GBG)

FHA19: Maintain spring preparation of plots wherever possible, to ensure that they are attractive sites for Great Bustards all year round

Spring preparation wherever possible (so Autumn/Winter preparation is delayed)

GBG Ongoing, reported annually

FHT10: Great Bustard- create 5 new habitat plots for use of GBs

GBs using network of plots throughout autumn/winter and

FHA20: Create additional fallow plots in key areas to be managed for Great Bustards

5 new plots created in the area around the 10 plots currently used by

GBG 2010 and 2013

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(avoid confusion with stone curlew plots)

females nesting in spring/summer (ongoing) (GBG)

Great Bustards by 2010 and expand by 2013

Objective FHO3: Protect and enhance Wiltshire's important arable plant populations


FHA21: Visit and resurvey all sites identified in Wilson (2003) and provide management advice by year 2010

All sites visited, and management advice provided

Black Sheep Countryside Management, Plantlife, FWAG, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), WBS, NE, RSPB, MOD

2010 Wilson (2003)

FHA22: Specific measures in HLS/ELS for rare arable plants

Measure 1: One full time dedicated advisor (see FHA2). Measure 2: Specific actions/measures within AE agreements within known IAPAs and potential hotspots

NE, Plantlife, MOD, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD, Cotswolds), GWCT, FWAG, RSPB


FHA23: Ensure that arable plant sites currently in Classic Schemes are assessed and entered into a suitable new scheme where appropriate.

All sites which retain arable plant interest are entered into a suitable new scheme

NE, Plantlife, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), GWCT, FWAG

2014, ongoing reporting annually until then

FHA24: Ensure that inappropriate arable reversion to grassland is avoided on sites where the arable wildlife interest is high (for plants, this means an IAPA of county importance or above)

No inappropriate reversion schemes are grant aided

Natural England, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD, Cotswolds) AONB, Plantlife


FHT11: Protect and maintain all known important arable plant populations in Wiltshire. Note: Refer to Wilson (2003) for published list. A longer Wiltshire Important Arable Plant Population (IAPA) list is available from Plantlife but is unpublished.

No loss of known populations (ongoing) (Plantlife)

FHA25: Complete Arable Strategy for NWD AONB and expand to other AONBs

All AONBs have an Arable Strategy

AONBs (NWD, CCWWD, Cotswolds), NE, Plantlife, FWAG, GWCT, RSPB

2012

FHT12: Increase area of land supporting important arable plant populations

All existing known sites and potential hotspots are targeted for appropriate

FHA26: Expand the area of cultivated, low-input field margins at existing sites and potential hotspots

Double the area by 2010 (Note - baseline: 179.17ha (0.14%))

NE, Plantlife, FWAG, RSPB

2010 Byfield and Wilson (2005)

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Note: baseline - 0.29% and “important” as defined in Plantlife IAPA document

management under AE schemes (NE and Plantlife)

FHA27: Promote a change in perception and profile of wild plants as important and essential food sources for seed eating farmland birds rather than as weeds

At least 1 training day, Arable Plant website, Farm Wildlife website, 3 articles in the farming press per year, report published

Farmland Habitats Working Group


Objective FHO4: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


FHT13: Brown Hares - establish population size and distribution

Report on existing population size and distribution produced by 2008 (GWCT)

FHA28: Devise a strategy to estimate Hare population and distribution

Strategy completed by 2008 (measures could include WWT magazine, adding to BBS survey as an additional species, conservation groups on the Plain)

Farmland Habitats Working Group, WSBRC, Wiltshire Mammal Group, WWT (LfW Project)

2008 Center Parcs BAP Target 12; SW BAP Arable Farmland HAP Objective 6

FHA29: Presence/absence programme set up

Programme of surveying introduced by 2008

Farmland Habitats Working Group, WSBRC, Wiltshire Mammal Group

2008 WBAP SOW and Rivers and Streams HAPs (reedbeds)

FHA30: Sites surveyed 15 sites surveyed for presence/absence by 2010


2010

FHT14: Harvest Mice - Establish population distribution

Report produced by 2012 (Wiltshire Mammal Group)

FHA31: Population surveys carried out on sites established as positive in programme above in FHA30 and FHA31

Positive sites surveyed by 2012


2012

FHT15: Butterflies -determine how best to encourage links from existing areas supporting BAP species to new areas

Working Group determine plan of action (Farmland HAP Working Group)

FHA32: Farmland HAP Working Group determine a plan of action and make recommendations for preliminary research

Plan of action devised Farmland Habitats Working Group, Dstl Porton Down

2008

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Farmland Habitats Action Plan Organisation RepresentativesBlack Sheep Countryside Management Simon Smart Cotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake

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Organisation RepresentativesEnvironment Agency Julian Wardlaw, Alison Futter, Daryl Buck FWAG Louise Stratton Game Conservancy Trust Peter Thompson Great Bustard Group Al Dawes Ministry of Defence Julie Swain National Trust Chris Gingell, Kim Portnell, Jane Hancock, Rebecca Charley Natural England Roger Griffin, James Phillips North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White Plantlife Kate StillRSPB Kevin Rylands (South West), Nick Adams, Phil Sheldrake, Patrick Cashman, Tracé Williams Wiltshire Mammal Group Mark Satinet, Sarah Wood Wiltshire Ornithological Society Matt Prior, Christine Johnson WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls (Landscapes for Wildlife Project), Rob Large

(County Wildlife Sites)

Calcareous Grassland Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Calcareous Grassland over the next 30 years… Wiltshire’s iconic chalk downland exists as great swathes of habitat, linked together across the landscape, and is of excellent quality - supporting a great diversity of species. A Wiltshire whose inhabitants are proud to live in a county with half of the UK calcareous grassland resource, and who understand its cultural heritage

Background

Lowland calcareous grassland has suffered a sharp decline in extent in the UK over the last 50 years. There are no comprehensive figures, but a sample of chalk sites in England surveyed between 1966 and 1980 showed a 20% loss in that period and an assessment of chalk grassland in Dorset found that over 50% had been lost between the mid-1950s and the early 1990s (UK BAP Lowland Calcareous Grassland HAP). Current estimates put the amount of lowland calcareous grassland remaining in the United Kingdom at around 33,000 to 41,000 ha. The bulk of the resource is found on chalk (25,000 to 32,000 ha), with major concentrations in Wiltshire, Dorset and the South Downs.

Lowland Calcareous Grassland: definition

Lowland calcareous grasslands have developed on shallow lime-rich soils, generally overlying limestone rocks, including chalk. The thin, well-drained nutrient-poor soils support a characteristic variety of herbs and grasses. These grasslands are now largely restricted to distinct topographic features such as escarpments, dry valley slopes or ancient earthworks, strongly influenced by the underlying limestone geology. There are a few remaining large areas on flat ground, and some small remnants occur along road verges and in woodland glades. Calcareous grasslands are typically managed as components of pastoral or mixed farming systems, supporting sheep, cattle or occasionally horses. A few are cut for hay. The definition of calcareous grasslands covers a range of plant communities in which lime-loving plants are characteristic. In the UK BAP HAP for Lowland Calcareous Grassland, lowland types are defined as the first nine calcareous grassland National Vegetation Classification communities, CG1 to CG9.

Wiltshire has between 18,000 and 24,000ha of calcareous grassland, which equates to approximately 50% of the total UK calcareous grassland resource. The Salisbury Plain Training Area (SPTA) has approximately 12,000ha of chalk grassland. This alone, represents 41% of the chalk grassland in North West Europe. Despite the large extent of calcareous grassland remaining in Wiltshire, there have still been significant losses historically, mainly due to ploughing and agricultural intensification. Unusually for this habitat nationally, there are a number of extensive areas of calcareous grassland remaining on flat ground in Wiltshire, as on Salisbury Plain and at Porton Down, where the grasslands have survived due to military occupation which has limited agricultural intensification. The two main vegetation communities associated with unimproved calcareous grasslands in Wiltshire are CG3 Upright Brome communities which are associated with longer swards, and CG2 Sheep’s Fescue – Meadow Oat-grass communities which are characteristic of tightly grazed swards. CG2 is one of the richest grassland types in the UK, with up to 50 plant species per square metre, many of them rare and restricted in their distribution.

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Important Sites in Wiltshire “Dry grasslands and scrublands on limestone” (including Chalk) and “Juniper on heaths or calcareous grasslands” are listed in the EU Habitats Directive as habitats of importance. Three sites in Wiltshire; Pewsey Downs, Prescombe Down and Salisbury Plain (including Parsonage Down and Porton Down SSSIs) are designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) for these habitats and the species of community importance which they support. There are 62 SSSIs in the county which contain areas of calcareous grassland. It is estimated that over 18,000ha are protected in this way, with a further 1600ha recognised as County Wildlife Sites. Salisbury Plain Salisbury Plain is designated a Special Protection Area (SPA) for its breeding Stone Curlews, and also as a SAC for its rare plant communities. The area of the SAC is 21,438ha. It is the largest remaining area of chalk grassland in North West Europe. Much of the area is used for military training, which has prevented the conversion of the ancient grassland to arable farming that has been so prevalent elsewhere in England. Rare plants include Tuberous Thistle (Cirsium tuberosum) and Meadow Clary (Salvia pratensis). There are also important stands of Juniper, Juniperus communis, and this site is the best remaining example in the UK of lowland Juniper scrub on chalk. The site also supports the largest UK population of the nationally scarce Burnt Orchid (Orchis ustulata), together with significant populations of Green-winged Orchid (Orchis morio) and Frog Orchid (Coeloglussum viride), both uncommon orchids associated with calcareous grassland. Salisbury Plain also contains a cluster of large sub-populations of Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia). Porton Down 1519ha of the 2750ha Porton Down site have been designated as SSSI. A rich chalk downland flora and a good variation in habitats combine to enable a very large and diverse population of butterflies to exist here. 44 species (which equates to 78% of the British list) have been recorded, making the site the best for butterflies in the UK. Porton Down also contains 20% of the Juniper population in the south of England. An invertebrate fauna of 20 species specific to juniper occurs in southern England, and 15 of these species have been found at Porton Down, which is more than on any other single site. Pewsey Downs This site is situated on the southern edge of the Marlborough Downs on the Wiltshire chalk and the SAC covers nearly 154ha. The site contains a large population of the nationally scarce Burnt Orchid (Orchis ustulata) and the uncommon Green-winged Orchid (Orchis morio). Autumn Lady’s Tresses (Spiranthes spiralis) and Frog Orchid (Coeloglossum viride) are also present. Pewsey Downs also has very significant populations of hundreds of thousands of Early Gentian (Gentianella anglica) growing on high quality grassland. Prescombe Down

Early Gentian © Sharon Pilkington

Prescombe Down also holds very significant populations of hundreds of thousands of Early Gentian (Gentianella anglica) in high quality chalk grassland that has been sympathetically managed for many years. It is also an important site for Marsh Fritillary. The SAC covers 76ha.

Species As well as having a rich plant diversity, calcareous grassland also exhibits a diverse invertebrate fauna, and includes scarce species such as Adonis Blue (Lysandra bellargus), and Silver-spotted Skipper (Hesperia comma), the Duke of Burgundy Fritillary (Hamaeris lucina) and the Wartbiter Cricket (Decticus verrucivorus). This habitat also provides feeding or breeding habitat for a number of scarce or declining birds, including Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) and Skylark (Alauda arvensis).

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Juniper Juniperus communis It is suggested that there was a 60% decline in the range of Juniper up to 1960, and data since 1960 also shows decline, but there is no comprehensive information available (UK BAP SAP for Juniper). Many Junipers are more than 100 years old and produce little viable seed, which in addition to problems caused by overgrazing can mean that few young plants survive (Plantlife Juniper Species Dossier). Targets have been included in the revised Wiltshire BAP Calcareous Grassland HAP to maintain or increase the range of Juniper in the county, from its baseline of presence in 46 1km grid squares.

Early Gentian Gentianella anglica

Early Gentian is thought to be endemic to the UK - it favours open grassy places and light, warm soils, usually on chalk, but occasionally calcareous sandy soils. Loss of habitat due to intensive farming or quarrying is a principle cause of decline – the other is encroachment of scrub and trees through loss of grazing. It is protected under Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981, and also Annex II(b) and IV(b) of the European Habitats Directive, 1992. A national research project is currently underway to clarify the taxonomic status of Early Gentian. Targets have been included in the revised Wiltshire BAP Calcareous Grassland HAP to sustain or increase the range of Early Gentian in the county, from its baseline of presence in 32 1km grid squares.

Progress Highlights since 2002 In general, progress towards the original Calcareous Grassland HAP was good, with most targets or actions either progressed or completed. These include:

- The target to recreate 200ha of calcareous grassland of wildlife value in the South Wessex Downs was exceeded through the National Trust’s grassland restoration scheme at Stonehenge, where 225ha were recreated

- An aerial photograph interpretation exercise was carried out by the WSBRC and converted into a National Biodiversity Network (NBN) dataset, meeting the action requiring a baseline audit of the calcareous grassland resource in the county

- The RSPB has been working with landowners to recreate 42ha of chalk grassland at the Normanton Down reserve within the Stonehenge World Heritage Site

- The RSPB acquired Manor Farm, a 731acre site near Stonehenge, which provides an important link between the calcareous grassland sites of Salisbury Plain and Porton Down

- Wiltshire Interactive Grazing Initiative (WIGI) and Grazing Animal Programme (GAP): In 2002 a two year pilot Local Grazing Scheme was set up in Wiltshire to implement appropriate grazing management on conservation sites, and promote community awareness of, and involvement in, conservation grazing. An analysis of WIGI in 2004 led to the formation of the Wiltshire GAP.

- The RSPB’s Wiltshire Chalk Grassland Project has helped towards vastly exceeding the UK BAP’s target of re-establishing 1000ha of calcareous grassland by 2010. Over 8400ha has now been restored nationwide.

The Stone Curlew – a UK and Wiltshire BAP Priority SpeciesThe Wessex Stone Curlew Recovery Project is part of 'Action for Birds in England', a conservation partnership between Natural England and the RSPB. The role of the Project is to survey and monitor the population throughout the breeding season, and to work with farmers and landowners to establish safe and suitable breeding habitat. Over the last century the Stone Curlew population and range in the UK decreased by 85% leaving just two core areas; the Brecklands of East Anglia and the Chalk Downlands of Wessex centred around Salisbury Plain. Since its inception in 1985 the Wessex Project has been successful in increasing numbers from about 30 breeding pairs to 121 in 2007. Eighty-five of these pairs were found in Wiltshire, which currently accounts for 25% of the UK population of 348 Pairs. This success is due to the cooperation and goodwill of farmers and landowners across the region, and the support of Natural England through its Stewardship Schemes that fund habitat creation and management.

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Changes since 2002 Wiltshire Wildlife Trust has been successful in securing funding for a new Living Landscapes project, called “New Life on the Chalk”. The project will focus on rebuilding biodiversity throughout Wiltshire’s chalk grassland and will run alongside the existing Landscapes for Wildlife Rebuilding Biodiversity in North Wiltshire team presently within the Trust. The Steering Group for the project includes representatives from Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, the Grasslands Trust, Natural England, the RSPB and Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB, The project will primarily focus on delivery on the ground and establishing the all-important relationships with farmers and landowners. It will include offering landowners a new service to help deliver site management and ongoing maintenance. The project will aim to provide cattle grazing and seed harvesting, promote stewardship schemes, offer support to landowners and provide a focus for chalk grassland whilst filling in gaps in the countryside. Taking the new Calcareous Grassland Habitat Action Plan forwards… It was decided that a Calcareous Grassland Working Group would be set up to take this Action Plan forwards. Robert Lloyd from Natural England will continue to lead, and the group will meet twice a year. In spring/summer the meeting will be held around a site visit, at which views and successes etc. can be exchanged. In winter an office based meeting will be held, which will be more focussed on the Plan, and on reporting progress. Links with other Plans UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Lowland Calcareous Grassland Species Action Plans for Stone Curlew, Skylark, Juniper, Early Gentian, Marsh Fritillary, Silver-spotted Skipper, and Adonis Blue South West Biodiversity Action Plan Habitat Action Plan for Calcareous Grassland Species Actions Plans for Early Gentian and Marsh Fritillary Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP Farmland HAP – also contains targets and actions for Stone Curlew Swindon BAP Section 5: Grassland Habitats, 5.3 - Downland

References UK BAP Species Action Plan for Early Gentian - Originally published in: Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report - Volume II: Action Plans (December 1995, Tranche 1, Vol 2, p185). Download from www.ukbap.org.uk UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Lowland Calcareous Grassland - Originally published in: UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans - Volume II: Terrestrial and freshwater habitats (December 1998, Tranche 2, Vol II, p57). Download from www.ukbap.org.uk. UK BAP Species Action Plan for Juniper - Originally published in: UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans - Volume III: Plants and fungi (February 1999, Tranche 2, Vol III, p325). Download from www.ukbap.org.uk. Plantlife Species Briefing Sheet for Early Gentian. Download from: http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/Gentianella_briefing_sheet.pdf Plantlife Species Dossier for Juniper. Download from: http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/plantlife-saving-species-under-our-care-juniperus-communis.htm SAC Designations for Salisbury Plain, Pewsey Downs and Prescombe Down are available from the JNCC website: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1458




http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/assets/saving-species/Gentianella_briefing_sheet.pdf

http://www.plantlife.org.uk/uk/plantlife-saving-species-under-our-care-juniperus-communis.htm

http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1458

Wiltshire BAP Calcareous Grassland Habitats Habitat Action Plan

Objective CGO1: Protect the existing resource


CGA1: Improve and update the baseline data to ensure all BAP quality habitat is mapped and available to partners.

Amalgamation of reversion data with data already held by BRC Map produced by Oct 2008

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), Landscapes for Wildlife, FWAG, NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), WCC (County Ecologist)

2008 Swindon BAP Downlands HAP (CG1)

CGA2: Revisit old sites mapped as calcareous grassland and confirm that they are still in existence

Old sites confirmed on map above (in CGA1)


2013

CGA3: Ensure all mapped BAP quality habitat outside a higher designation is designated as CWS

All sites become CWS within 12 months of being identified


2013

CGA4: All CWS monitored (retains the interest identified in previous survey)

At least once every 6 years


2013

CGA5: Secure appropriate management to maintain habitat

2700ha (AE baseline) plus that currently owned by organisations tasked to manage sympathetically (avoid double counting) NE – 436ha

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project, New Life on the Chalk Project), NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), MOD, FC, RSPB, National Trust

Ongoing, reporting annually (on total amount)

Swindon BAP Downlands HAP (CG2)

CGA6: Promote the use of agri-environment schemes to secure appropriate management (events also to encompass other objectives below)

4 events per year NE, WWT (Landscapes for Wildlife), AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds)


CGA7: Maintain at least the current level of BAP quality chalk grassland managed outside of agri environment schemes

All organisations tasked to manage land sympathetically undertake a condition assessment at least once every 5 years and report to WSBRC

WSBRC, National Trust, FC, WWT (Biodiversity Action and Reserves), NE, RSPB

Every 5 years, first one in 2010

CGT1: Maintain current extent of calcareous grassland resource

Measure 1: No loss due to agricultural improvement (ongoing) Measure 2: No denotification of CWS and SSSI due to neglect (ongoing) (NE and WWT – Wildlife Sites Project)

CGA8: Training (workshops) – guidance on general calcareous grassland management, not specifically schemes

4 events held per year (2 events Natural England, 1 WWT (New Life on the Chalk))

NE, WWT (Reserves), AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), FWAG


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Objective CGO2: Restore degraded areas and continue improvement of re-created areas


CGA9: Ensure that sufficient potential sites are targeted for restoration.

Draw up list of target areas, starting 2008

NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds)

2008, then every 5 years

CGA10: Provide ongoing practical mechanisms to aid management, e.g. GAP

Ensure that there is always a project in place

WWT, Calcareous Grassland Working Group, Dstl Porton Down


CGA11: Undertake a trial to ensure methodologies for grassland reversion are the best achievable

Trial initiated with eventual aim of production of a management guide

Dstl Porton Down, Calcareous Grassland Working Group

Trial initiated by 2009

CGT2: Land taken into management with the aim of restoring calcareous grassland (adjacent to or linking existing sites)

50 ha plus 10ha (AONBs), restored under HLS every 5 years (adjacent to or linking existing sites) (NE, AONBs)

CGA12: Maximise the use of locally available seed - see related action below

By 2017 all sites being restored use locally available herb seed, or green hay

NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), WWT (Landscapes for Wildlife, Reserves), NT

2017 and then ongoing, reporting annually

CGT3: SSSIs in favourable or recovering condition

95% of SSSI in favourable or recovering condition by 2010, and maintained at that level thereafter (Natural England) Note: 2007 baseline is 93% of 23216ha

CGA13: Individual solution is devised for each remaining problematic site

List of solutions for each specific site not currently in favourable or recovering condition.

Natural England 2009 and then maintain, reporting annually

CGA14: Create a funding mechanism to deliver management on CWS not covered by existing schemes

A new funding scheme for CWS

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), WWT, WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE

2010 CGT4: Achieve and maintain positive ecological management of calcareous grassland in CWS

BAP quality calcareous grassland in positive conservation management on 50% of CWS (WWT, Wildlife Sites Project) CGA15: Identify areas for

restoration in pilot area (New Life on the Chalk) and then expand to rest of county. Note: can utilize Historic Landscape Characterisation to identify former chalk grassland sites.

A map showing all suitable priority areas within pilot area. Note: this is on a layering basis - both an opportunity and a technical map

WSBRC, WWT (Land Management)

2008

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Objective CGO3: Expand the area of this habitat in Wiltshire


CGA16: Area under management agreement increased

500ha over 3 years on a rolling basis.

NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), WWT (New Life on the Chalk), RSPB

Ongoing, 3 yearly reporting starting from 2010

CGT5: Recreate 500ha of calcareous grassland from arable or improved grassland Note: Taking care to avoid losses of arable habitat that is valuable to biodiversity (e.g. as noted in the North Wessex Downs Arable Strategy)

500ha over 3 years (measured on a rolling basis) (NE)

CGA17: Maximise the use of locally available seed - see related action above

By 2017 all sites being restored use locally available herb seed, or green hay

NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), WWT (Landscapes for Wildlife, Reserves), NT, RSPB

2017 and then ongoing, reporting annually

Objective CGO4: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of UK BAP Priority species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


CGA18: Optimise habitat management across known populations

Populations stable or increasing in at least 32 1km squares (Note: status can only be determined via monitoring over a number of years)

MOD, NE, Plantlife, WWT (Land Management), WSBRC, National Trust (e.g. at Clay Hill Warminster)

2015 SW BAP Early Gentian SAP Objective 1

CGA19: Suitable habitat restored or extended, where appropriate, at sites with small and/or rapidly declining populations

Three projects implemented to restore or expand suitable habitat

MOD (through general habitat expansion), NE, Plantlife, WWT (Land Management)

2015 SW BAP Early Gentian SAP Objective 2

CGT6: Maintain current range of Early Gentian Note: Although an existing and new BAP species, the taxonomic status of Early Gentian is questionable. A research project is underway to clarify this (contact Plantlife). In the meantime this species is on the Waiting List for the Vascular Plant Red List

Sustain or increase known populations, so present in at least 32 1km squares (Plantlife)

CGA20: Monitor a sample of known populations at least once every six years

WSBRC database shows all sites monitored over a six year period (report produced by NE)

NE, County Recorder, Plantlife, WSBRC, Wiltshire Botanical Society

2015

CGT7: Maintain current range of Juniper

Sustain or increase known populations in at least 46 1km squares. (Plantlife)

CGA21: Improve management techniques to promote natural regeneration through a controlled, replicated, monitored experiment.

Seedlings present after 3 years plus evidence of diverse age structure. Report produced and circulated on experimental trials

MOD, NE, Plantlife, WWT, County Recorder

2015

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CGA22: Optimise natural regeneration in vulnerable populations and where this is failing - consolidate through planting.

Seedlings present after 3 years plus evidence of diverse age structure.

WCC (Countryside Team), MOD, NE, Plantlife, WWT, National Trust

2020

CGA23: Monitor known populations at least once every six years. Use Site Condition Monitoring to gather data on age, sex and regeneration.

WSBRC database shows all sites monitored over a six year period (report produced by NE)

NE, Plantlife, WSBRC, Wiltshire Botanical Society, MOD, County Recorder

2015

CGT8: Stone Curlew: management of calcareous grassland for nesting Stone Curlews

Management of calcareous grassland to support at least 60% of breeding Stone Curlew in Wiltshire. (60% pairs nested on semi-natural habitat in 2007) (RSPB)

CGA24: Continue to promote arable reversion along with Stone Curlew nesting habitat creation, with appropriate grazing regime to provide foraging areas

RSPB to provide land management advice for chalk grassland for Stone Curlews to all relevant landowners and farmers

RSPB, Natural England


Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Calcareous Grassland Habitat Action Plan Organisation RepresentativesCotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake County Recorder Sharon Pilkington FWAG Louise StrattonForestry Commission Ian Briscoe Ministry of Defence Julie Swain National Trust Chris Gingell Natural England Rob Lloyd North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White Plantlife Tim Wilkins RSPB Phil Sheldrake, Patrick Cashman, Tracé Williams Wiltshire Botanical Society Sharon Pilkington Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Lee (District

Ecologists) WSBRC Purgle LinhamWiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Head of Land Management, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls

(Landscapes for Wildlife), Catherine Hosie (Project Manager for New Life on the Chalk and Landscapes for Wildlife Projects), Rob Large (Wildlife Sites Project)

Woodland Trust Jaime Needler

Background

Lowland unimproved neutral grassland is the single most threatened type of grassland habitat in the UK, and has suffered the greatest loss in the last 70 years, almost entirely due to changing agricultural practice. It is estimated that by 1984 in lowland England and Wales, semi-natural grassland had declined by 97% over the previous 50 years to approximately 0.2million ha. Losses have continued during the 1980s and 1990s, and have been recorded at 2 -10% per annum in some parts of England (UK BAP Lowland Meadow HAP). There is now less than 15,000ha of species-rich neutral grassland surviving today in England and Wales, and recent Defra (2006) figures indicate that there may be less than 8,500ha remaining in England.

This Plan is not restricted to grasslands cut for hay, but also takes into account unimproved neutral pastures where livestock grazing is the main land use. On many farms in different parts of the UK, use of particular fields for grazing pasture and hay cropping changes over time, but the characteristic plant community may persist with subtle changes in floristic composition. In non-agricultural settings, neutral grasslands are less frequent but additional examples may be found in recreational sites, churchyards, roadside verges and a variety of other localities. Neutral Grassland in Wiltshire

Wiltshire is second only to Oxfordshire for the area of MG4 grassland that it possesses. The known neutral grassland which is under designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), or is a County Wildlife Site (CWS), in the county amounts to just over 500ha, of which c.150ha is MG4 grassland, and 350ha is MG5. This represents 10% and 8% respectively of the remaining UK resource of these two key neutral grassland communities.

Unimproved Neutral Grassland: definition In terms of National Vegetation Classification plant communities, neutral grassland primarily embraces each type of Cynosurus cristatus - Centaurea nigra (MG5) grassland, Alopecurus pratensis - Sanguisorba officinalis (MG4) floodplain meadow and Cynosurus cristatus - Caltha palustris flood-pasture (MG8). Whilst both MG4 and MG5 grasslands are nationally rare habitats, the MG4 community is particularly rare, both in the UK and in Europe as a whole, and it is listed in Annex 1 of the EU Habitats Directive. In the UK MG4 grassland is now highly localized, fragmented and in small stands, and only about 5000-10000ha remains in total. Unimproved seasonally-flooded grasslands have a lesser distribution but there are still quite a few large stands. Alopecurus-Sanguisorba flood meadow has a total cover of about 1500ha.

Unimproved Neutral Grassland Habitat Action Plan

re’s Neutral Grassland over the next 30 years…

eutral Meadows exist in large swathes of habitat, linked together by a matrix of hedges, tches and streams, along which a wealth of wildlife can move.

ng and undergrazing do not go unmanaged and degraded areas are restored

ple of Wiltshire can enjoy flower-filled meadows that are alive with the sound of nsects and birds, and are involved in their management

A Vision for Wiltshi Ndi Overgrazi The peoi Clattinger Farm © David Hall

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The drier MG5 neutral grassland has quite a fragmented distribution in the county and frequently occurs in mosaics with limestone grassland communities (in the Cotswolds area) or with chalk grassland communities (Marlborough and South Wessex Downs). Unimproved neutral grassland also occurs in transitional situations throughout the county in proximity to wetland, woodland and semi-urban habitats. Some good, although small, areas of unimproved neutral grassland also occur on some road verges. In Wiltshire, 19 known sites of unimproved neutral grassland (MG4 and MG5), covering an area of nearly 63ha, have been destroyed since 1990, and a further 62 sites covering nearly 74ha have been degraded in the same period (WSBRC, 2000). A variety of activities are to blame, but the overwhelming cause was agricultural improvement. Species Unimproved neutral grasslands are floristically rich, particularly when actively managed as hay meadows. Whilst the very rare MG4 community is not as floristically diverse as the drier MG5 community, it is characterised by the presence of a number of rare and uncommon species, such as Snake’s-head Fritillary, Adders Tongue Fern, and Downy-fruited Sedge, which have the major part of their UK population in Wiltshire. The floristic richness of hay meadows is associated with a similarly rich invertebrate fauna. They are also important habitats for Skylark and a number of other farmland birds, as well as mammals such as the Brown Hare.

Brown Hare Lepus europaeus

The Brown Hare is widespread in Britain, but appears to have undergone a substantial decline in numbers since the early 1960s, with population estimates now varying between 817,500 and 1,250,000. Information from shooting estates suggests that hare numbers have remained stable for the past ten years, although other evidence of this is unclear. Similar patterns of population change appear to have occurred throughout much of Europe (UK BAP Species Action Plan for Brown Hare). A target has been set under both the Wiltshire BAP Farmland and Neutral Grassland HAPs for Brown Hare.

Important Sites in Wiltshire

Neutral Meadows in North Wiltshire

Locally, the Cotswold Water Park area contains 25 species-rich unimproved neutral grassland of which 6 are designated Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). These include Pike Corner (15.24ha), Elmlea Meadows (7.18ha), Whelford Meadow (1.99ha), Wildmoorway Meadow (13.14ha), Upper Waterhay Meadow (2.85ha) and Long Meadow. The North Meadow (45.67ha) and Clattinger Farm (59.55ha) Special Area of Conservation (SAC) also lies within the Cotswold Water Park. Both are also SSSIs.

North Meadow NNR (managed by Natural England) and Clattinger Farm Nature Reserve (managed by Wiltshire Wildlife Trust) represent an exceptional survival of the traditional pattern of lowland hay meadow management and so exhibit a high degree of conservation of structure and function. North Meadow and Clattinger Farm also contain a very high proportion (>90%) of the surviving UK population of Fritillary, Fritillaria meleagris, a species highly characteristic of damp lowland meadows in Europe and now rare throughout its range (North Meadow and Clattinger SAC designation). North meadow is a Lammas meadow. Lammas land is an area of common land, which dates back to medieval times. Over 250 species of higher plant occur, together with 14 species of dragonfly and damselfly. The site is also important for the nationally rare Downy-fruited Sedge. The meadows are cut for hay no earlier than 1st July each year.

Snakeshead Fritillaries © Tony Coultiss

Brown Hare © Charlotte Watson

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Marsh Fritillary Eurodryas aurinia

The Marsh Fritillary butterfly is declining in almost every European country, and the UK is now believed to be one of the major European strongholds for the species, but even here it has declined substantially over the last 150 years. In Britain, its range has reduced by over 62%, and it has recently disappeared from most of eastern England and eastern Scotland. It is still quite widespread in parts of south-west England and Wales, but colonies are estimated to be disappearing at a rate of well over 10% per decade. The Marsh Fritillary breeds in two main habitats, damp neutral or acid grasslands and dry chalk and limestone grasslands. Colonies are often small and prone to extinction, so extensive networks of habitat patches which permit re-colonisation are essential to their long term survival.

Marsh Fritillary © Charlotte Watson

There has been a significant decline in plant diversity on neutral grassland between 1990-1998 of around 10% (Defra, 2007).

Progress Highlights since 2002 Landscapes for Wildlife Project in North Wiltshire In 2006, the Wiltshire Wildlife Trust’s Landscapes for Wildlife Project successfully secured funding for 5 years. The project is funded by Tubney Charitable Trust, North Wiltshire District Council, the Hills Group and other Charitable Trusts. The aim of the project is to expand and link together scattered areas of wildlife-rich habitat in the ancient royal hunting Forest of Braydon in North Wiltshire. Neutral meadows and broadleaved woodland are the main focus for the project, and it also looks at hedgerow and pond restoration. Covering nearly 8000 hectares of land, the project is taking a targeted approach to restoring and recreating habitats. Using the Rebuilding Biodiversity methodology developed by the South West Wildlife Trusts, Strategic Nature Areas (SNAs) have been identified within the project boundary, within which effort is focused. The project also targets work towards 9 key BAP species found in the project area: Marsh Fritillary, Brown Hare, Water Vole, Great Crested Newt, Spotted Flycatcher, Skylark, Reed Bunting, Song Thrush and Bullfinch. The project provides advice to farmers and landowners on grant schemes such as Environmental Stewardship and the English Woodland Grant Scheme, and also runs its own capital grants scheme. The Project Officers hold volunteer tasks in the project area and source local wildflower seed for meadow recreation and restoration. Sutton Lane Meadows In 2003 English Nature (now Natural England) brought the first successful prosecution for third-party damage to a SSSI (under the new provisions of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as substituted by the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000) – for damage caused at Sutton Lane Meadows in Wiltshire. The Court also made a Restoration Order, another legal precedent, under the new provisions, to make the offender restore the site to its former condition. Sutton Lane Meadows SSSI is situated in North Wiltshire, and covers an area of approximately 3.44 hectares. The SSSI covers a botanically diverse area of unimproved neutral grassland, and comprises two extremely herb-rich meadows that are cut for hay in late summer and then grazed in Autumn. There are important populations of Southern Marsh Orchids, and approximately 500 Green-winged Orchids. Sutton Lane Meadows has now been purchased and taken into conservation management by the National Trust. The acquisition was part-funded by a grant from English Nature.

Landscapes for Wildlife Grassland Restoration demo day© Bill Jenman/WWT

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Taking the new Unimproved Neutral Grasslands Habitat Action Plan forwards… It was decided that a Neutral Grassland Working Group would be set up to take this Action Plan forwards. Isobel Whitwam from Natural England will lead, and the group will meet twice a year. Links with other Plans UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Lowland Meadows Habitat Action Plan for Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh – periodically flooded grasslands in North Wiltshire are classified as Coastal and Floodplain Grazing Marsh on Nature Map Species Action Plans for Skylark, Marsh Fritillary, Brown Hare, Water Vole, Great Crested Newt, Spotted Fly Catcher, Reed Bunting, Bullfinch and Song Thrush South West Biodiversity Action Plan Species Actions Plan for Marsh Fritillary Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP Farmland HAP – contains same target and action for Brown Hare Swindon BAP Section 5: Grassland Habitats, 5.2 – Neutral Meadows Cotswold Water Park BAP Habitat Action Plan for Neutral Grassland Center Parcs BAP Target 20: Neutral Grassland Target 12: Brown Hare – sustain current range of activity References Defra (2006) England Rural Development Programme Final Report: South West Region View at: http://www.defra.gov.uk/erdp/docs/swchapter/section12/landscape.htm Defra on behalf of the UK Biodiversity Partnership (2007) Biodiversity Indicators in your Pocket The UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Lowland Meadows was originally published in: UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans - Volume II: Terrestrial and freshwater habitats (December 1998, Tranche 2, Vol II, p39). View it online at www.ukbap.org.uk. The UK BAP Species Action Plans for Brown Hare and Marsh Fritillary were originally published in: Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report - Volume II: Action Plans (December 1995, Tranche 1, Vol 2, p136 (Marsh Fritillary) and p.83 (Brown Hare)). WSBRC (2000) Data on the loss of Wildlife Sites since 1990

http://www.defra.gov.uk/erdp/docs/swchapter/section12/landscape.htm


Objective NGO1: Protect the existing resource


NGA1: Improve and update the baseline data to ensure all BAP quality habitat is mapped and available to partners

Amalgamation of reversion data with data already held by BRC. Map produced by Oct 2008

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), WWT (LfW), FWAG, NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), CWP

October 2008

CWP BAP (LNG-02)

NGA2: Revisit old sites mapped as neutral grassland and confirm that they are still in existence

Old sites confirmed on map above (NGA1)


2013

NGA3: Ensure all mapped BAP quality habitat outside a higher designation is designated as CWS

All sites become CWS within 12 months of being identified


2013

NGA4: Secure appropriate management to maintain habitat

1000ha is under AE agreement and/or currently owned by organisations tasked to manage sympathetically (avoid double counting)

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), NE, WWT (Land Management, Farming Enterprise, LfW), AONBs (CCWWD, NWD), FC, RSPB, Woodland Trust, NT


CWP BAP (LNG-05)

NGA5: Promote the use of agri-environment schemes to secure appropriate management

2 events per year NE, WWT (LfW), AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds)


NGA6: Maintain at least the current level of BAP quality neutral grassland managed outside of agri- environment schemes

All organisations tasked to manage land sympathetically undertake a condition assessment at least once every 5 years and report to WSBRC

WSBRC, National Trust, FC, WWT (Biodiversity, Land Management), NE, RSPB, WCC (Countryside Team)

First report 2010, then every 5 years

NG1: Maintain current extent of neutral grassland resource

Measure 1: No loss due to agricultural improvement, development or aforestation (ongoing) Measure 2: No denotification of CWS and SSSI due to neglect (ongoing) (NE/WWT (Wildlife Sites Project)

NGA7: Training and guidance provided on general neutral grassland management

1 event and 1 article per year

NE, WWT (Reserves, Farming Enterprise), FWAG


Objective NGO2: Restore degraded areas and continue improvement of re-created areas


NGT2: Restore 30ha of neutral grassland from semi-improved or neglected grassland

30 ha over three years on a rolling programme, taken into management with the

NGA8: Ensure that sufficient potential sites are targeted for restoration

30ha target is met every 3 years

NE, AONBs (CCWWD, NWD, Cotswolds), WWT (LfW)

2010 and then every 3 years

CWP BAP (LNG-04)

Wiltshire BAP Unimproved Neutral Grassland Habitat Action Plan

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NGA9: Promote the use of agri-environment schemes to achieve management for biodiversity

1 event per year NE, WWT Ongoing, Reporting annually

NGA10: Provide ongoing practical mechanisms to aid management, e.g. Landscapes for Wildlife

There is always a project in place in Wiltshire that is restoring degraded areas and improving re-created areas of neutral grassland

WWT, Neutral Grassland Working Group

Ongoing, Reporting annually

NGA11: Maximise the use of locally available seed

By 2017 all sites being restored use locally available herb seed

NE, WWT, NT 2017, Reporting annually

which no longer meet the priority habitat definition

aim of restoring neutral grassland (adjacent to or linking existing sites) (NE)

NGA12: Increase seed harvesting capacity

At least one more seed harvesting operation working on neutral grassland. Note: in addition to and working in cooperation with Landscapes for Wildlife

NE, WWT 2010 Swindon BAP Neutral Meadows HAP (NG20)

NGT3: SSSIs in favourable or recovering condition

95% of SSSIs in favourable or recovering condition by 2010, and maintained at that level thereafter. (Natural England) Note: Currently 78% of 756ha.

NGA13: Individual solution is devised for each remaining problematic site

List of solutions for each specific site not currently in favourable or recovering condition.

Natural England 2010 and maintain as necessary, reporting annually

Swindon BAP Neutral Meadows HAP (NG15); CWP BAP (LNG-01)

Objective NGO3: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


NGT4: Brown Hares - establish population size and distribution

Report on existing population size and distribution produced by 2008 (GWCT)

NGA14: Devise a strategy to estimate Hare population and distribution

Strategy completed by 2008 (measures could include WWT magazine, adding to BBS survey as an additional species, conservation groups on the Plain)

Farmland and Neutral Meadows Working Groups, WSBRC, Wiltshire Mammal Group; WWT (LfW Project)

2008 WBAP Farmland HAP, FHT13 (target shared between HAPs); Center Parcs BAP Target 12; SW BAP Arable Farmland HAP

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Target Measure Action Action Measure Partners Deadline Links

Objective 6; Swindon BAP Neutral Meadows HAP (NG4)

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Unimproved Neutral Grassland Habitat Action Plan Organisation RepresentativesCotswolds AONB Mark Connelly Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake Cotswold Water Park Gareth Harris FWAG Louise StrattonForestry Commission Ian Briscoe Game and Wildlife Conservancy Trust Peter Thompson National Trust Chris Gingell Natural England Isobel Whitwam North Wessex Downs AONB Heather White RSPB Phil SheldrakeWiltshire County Council Countryside Team Wiltshire Mammal Group Mark Satinet WSBRC Purgle LinhamWiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Head of Land Management, Paul Darby and Rob Nicholls (Landscapes for

Wildlife), Rob Large (County Wildlife Sites), Farming Enterprise Woodland Trust Jaime Needler

Target


Water Vole— Arvicola terrestris Charlotte Watson

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Rivers and Streams over the next 30 years… All flowing water bodies are allowed to behave naturally, as part of an important network that connects many different habitats for a wide range of wildlife. The unique nature of chalk streams is recognised by all users, and together with other flowing water bodies in Wiltshire, these are allowed to flourish as wildlife-rich habitats, unhampered by invasive species. To ensure that Wiltshire’s rivers are managed in such a way as to achieve the Water Framework Directive’s goal of good ecological status, support biodiversity and maintain their cultural heritage. River keepers and other users are engaged in conservation issues; rivers and their associated floodplains are managed in a sustainable manner.

Rivers are brought into the townscape, becoming a part of the town and of peoples’ lives, and communities are encouraged to take part in their conservation, promoting a sense of ownership.

To ensure that action takes account of changes that may occur as a result of climate change

Background Rivers and streams are flowing water courses and in their natural state they are dynamic systems, continually modifying their forms. In many cases their ability to function naturally and create new habitat has been reduced as a result of historical management, flood protection schemes and impoundments, sometimes over many centuries. Most of Wiltshire’s rivers especially the chalk streams have been managed for a variety of reasons over many centuries. They are intensively used to convey flood waters and discharges, to provide water for public, agricultural and industrial use, and are a popular recreational resource. Rivers and their associated habitats provide important wildlife corridors, linking fragments of semi natural habitat in intensively farmed or built up areas and facilitating the movement of species. Given the value of these systems to us and the complexity of issues affecting them, coordinated action is vital to ensure that their wildlife value is conserved and enhanced.

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Pictures: River Wylye upstream (WWT); Otter (Darin Smith); River volunteers (Martin Gilchrist)

Important habitats associated with rivers and streams in Wiltshire include: - Fen and swamp communities - Lowland wet grassland (floodplain grazing marsh including water meadows and a

network of ditches) - Carr woodlands - Open water bodies which are directly linked to the water course such as hatchery

ponds and watercress beds, as well as natural backwaters - Bankside reedbed fringes

In Wiltshire there are nationally important examples of chalk streams and winterbournes, lowland clay rivers and limestone rivers rich in calcium carbonate with tufa depositing springs. Species Water Voles can still be found in good numbers along the majority of rivers and streams in Wiltshire, and Otters are beginning to recolonise the area. The native White-clawed Crayfish still survives on the By Brook and in the Upper Bristol Avon, but it is thought to be virtually extinct in the Salisbury Avon, which is at least in part due to the presence of non-native crayfish. One site on the Salisbury Avon has one of the few remaining wild populations of Summer Snowflake – Leucojum aestivum, which favours wooded swamps. Water Vole Arvicola terrestris The Water Vole has suffered one of the most catastrophic declines of any British mammal this century, and its widespread survival is now seriously threatened. Reasons for its decline include loss and fragmentation of habitat and the introduction and spread of one of its greatest predators - the American Mink. From 6th April 2008 the Water Vole received increased protection under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (Variation of Schedule 5) Order 2008. The Water Vole is now fully covered by the provisions of section 9 of the Act, and this increased protection adds prohibitions against intentional killing, taking or injury, possession or sale. Previously only the habitat of the Water Vole was protected.

Specific Sites in Wiltshire

Special Areas of Conservation

The Salisbury Avon and its headwater rivers are an internationally important Special Area of Conservation (SAC), for their floating Ranunculus (water crowfoot) communities and populations of Salmon,Bullhead, Brook and Sea Lamprey and Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail. Areas of swamp habitat alongside the River Kennet at Chilton Foliat are also designated as SACs for their populations of Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail. Sites of Special Scientific Interest Much of the Salisbury Avon and River Kennet are designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in recognition of the habitats and species they support. In addition there are a number of adjacent SSSIs which support associated habitats including Porton Meadows and Jones’ Mill. All main rivers are also County Wildlife Sites, regardless of their statutory designations.

Picture: Water Crowfoot (Jenny Wheeldon)

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European Eel Anguilla anguilla The European Eel is common around Britain, and Eels are present in most rivers, streams and lakes that are accessible from the sea. However, their numbers have declined since the 1970s, and factors such as changes in the Gulf Stream, pollution, barriers to freshwater migration and overfishing have been cited as possible causes. In 1998 the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) advised the European Commission that the European Eel stock was outside safe biological limits, stocks were at a historical low, and that the current fishery was not sustainable. The Eel fishery is the most valuable commercial inland fishery in England and Wales, and the Environment Agency is responsible for its management. In 2001 the EA published a National Eel Management Strategy to address these concerns. There are actions in the revised Wiltshire BAP Rivers and Streams Action Plan to translate the National Management Strategy into local priorities.

White Clawed Crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes

The white clawed crayfish is the only species of freshwater crayfish which is native to the UK. It is widespread in clean calcareous rivers and lakes in England but many populations have been lost since the 1970s. One of the main factors causing decline has been crayfish plague, a disease carried by some north American crayfish, including the Signal Crayfish – Pacifastacus leniusculus. A related factor has been direct competition for food and habitat from non-native crayfish – three non-native crayfish species are now breeding in the wild in the UK.

Progress Highlights since 2002 - Creation of floodplain wet grassland vastly exceeded the original

target of 20ha - Continuation of Water Vole Conservation Projects and the Wessex Chalk Streams Project - Water Voles now protected from mink at 10 key sites - The restoration of 1.2km of the River Ray in Swindon is now complete The Wiltshire River Monitoring Scheme

The Wiltshire River Monitoring Scheme was set up in 1992 at a time of growing concern about falling water-levels, particularly on the wildlife-rich chalk streams of the River Avon and its tributaries and on the River Kennet. Since its inception the Scheme has resulted in more that 900 fish records and over 2,500 invertebrate records coming to the WSBRC. A revised methodology was adopted in 2007, with increased emphasis on the recording of key invertebrate groups, bringing the Scheme in line with the National Riverfly Partnership, of which the Wiltshire Scheme is now a part. This change in emphasis reflects the growing body of evidence on the importance of certain invertebrate assemblages as key indicators of changes in water quality. By entering their sampling data into a simple Excel spreadsheet, River Monitors can tell at a glance if a certain threshold has been exceeded and an alert is then triggered. Two river monitors demonstrated the effectiveness of the revised River Monitoring Scheme when they alerted the Environment Agency to a potential pollution incident on the River Nadder at Burcombe near Wilton in 2007. The river monitors on the Nadder recorded an almost total loss of Gammarus (freshwater shrimp) and the Environment Agency was alerted immediately.

Water Vole Burrow © Darin Smith

Changes since 2002 - Initiation of the STREAM and Living Rivers Projects - As part of the Living River project, the creation of a catchment wide stakeholder forum

which will lead to the development of a non-native invasive plant strategy for the Avon

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- New Environmental Stewardship Schemes and Catchment Sensitive Farming have the potential to improve river and water quality and reduce diffuse pollution

- Water Framework Directive

New Projects on the Salisbury Avon

STrategic REstoration And Management of the River Avon (STREAM) is a £1 million (funded by the European Commission’s Life Nature programme) 4 year conservation project which aims to address two key issues:

- The need for a strategic approach to large-scale river restoration - The need to integrate the management of the river and valley.

For more information see the STREAM website: http://www.streamlife.org.uk

The Living River project aims to increase awareness and appreciation of the River Avon and its tributaries. It focuses on how the special wildlife of the river has developed alongside the history of the area. Working with local communities from the rivers' headwaters in the Wiltshire Downs to the sea at Christchurch, the project will involve people who live and work in the River Avon catchment in the conservation of its natural heritage.

The project will run for four years from 2006-2010 and will deliver the following programmes: • Biodiversity restoration - at sites the public can access and enjoy • Access and Interpretation - enhancing access to and information about the river with the local

communities that live there • Education and training - providing education events and resources and offering training

opportunities to help people understand their relationship with the river system and take responsibility for it

The Living River project is supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund, Natural England, Salisbury District Council, Salisbury International Arts Festival, Hampshire and Isle of Wight Wildlife Trust, Wiltshire Wildlife Trust, Hampshire County Council, Wessex Water and Environment Agency.

For more information go to: http://www.livingriver.org.uk River Avon Non-native Invasive Plants Strategy The Living Rivers and Wessex Chalk Streams Project are working together to deliver a non-native invasive plant strategy for the River Avon. The presence of non-native invasive plants has been identified as a significant threat to the characteristic species and habitats of the river, and their impact and management is of major concern due to dominant behaviour and difficulties in control once established. Three major invasive species are now established within the river valley

• Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) • Giant Hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) • Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera)

These can cause a loss in bankside vegetation diversity and undermining of structural stability, increased shading and siltation through bank erosion, and loss of optimum habitat for characteristic species (Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail, Water Voles, winged invertebrates) by out-competing native vegetation. This alteration in habitat structure and composition of biological communities is known to impact directly on salmonid fisheries for which the Avon is a prestigious and lucrative setting. As well as hindering conservation efforts and the viability for angling, the presence of these plant species pose great management and access concerns if left uncontrolled.

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Taking the new Rivers Streams and Associated Habitats Action Plan forwards… A working group has been set up, maintaining continuity from the original Working Group which was very successful in implementing the original Rivers and Streams Action Plan. The group will be chaired by Dianne Matthews from Natural England, and meet twice a year.

Links with other Plans UK BAP Habitat Action Plans for Chalk Rivers and Wet Woodland, Species Action Plans for Water Vole, Otter, Desmoulin’s Whorl Snail and Freshwater White-clawed Crayfish South West Biodiversity Action Plan Habitat Action Plans for Rivers and Streams and Reedbeds Species Action Plans for White-clawed Crayfish and Water Vole South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan Section 9: Water and Wetlands Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP Standing Open Water HAP (associated habitats) Woodland HAP (wet woodland) Farmland Habitats HAP (catchment sensitive farming) Swindon BAP Section 4 Water and Wetland Habitats, 4.3: Rivers and Streams, 4.4: Wetlands (Fen, Marsh, Reed & Swamp) Cotswold Water Park BAP Habitat Action Plans for Rivers and Streams and Fen, Marsh and Reed Swamps Species Action Plans for Dragonflies (group), Water Vole, Otter and White-clawed Crayfish and Non Native Invasive Species British Waterways BAP Chapters on Canals and River Channels; Feeders and Streams; Reedbeds; Water Voles; Otters; Fish; Molluscs; White-clawed Crayfish; Water Plants; Dragonflies and Damselflies; Water Plants Blueprint for Water The Blueprint for Water was launched in 2006 by a coalition of leading environmental organisations and set out 10 steps to sustainable water by 2015. Go to http://www.blueprintforwater.org.uk/ for more info. Water Level Management Plans A Water Level Management Plan (WLMP) is a written statement of the water level management objectives for a given area, and considers the means by which the objectives may be achieved. It considers the water level requirements for a range of activities, including agriculture, flood defence and conservation, and how these can be reconciled and integrated. More information from the Defra website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environ/fcd/policy/wlmp.htm Upper Kennet Landwise Project This is a collaborative project between Natural England and the Environment Agency to provide funding to FWAG, with the aim of providing independent confidential farm advice to help improve the Wiltshire section of the Kennet and Lambourn catchment. Kennet Chalkstream Restoration Project This initiative was launched in order to restore the clarity of the River Kennet, improve its value to wildlife, improve its value as a recreational fishery and take account of current legitimate uses of the river. It recognised that an integrated catchment-wide approach was required. EA Salmon Action Plans Salmon Action Plans (SAPs) are the means by which the Environment Agency (EA) aims to meet the objectives of its National Salmon Management Strategy (launched in 1996) at a local level. The programme of SAPs for the 62 principal salmon rivers in England and Wales was completed in April 2004. EA National Eel Management Plan (see references) EA Trout and Grayling Strategy The aim of this strategy is to conserve and improve wild stocks of trout, sea trout, char and grayling, while enhancing the environment for all types of fisheries for these species in England and Wales. It also aims to enhance the social and economic benefits derived from these fisheries. Download from: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/fish/569882/584811/ Water Framework Directive The Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the most substantial piece of EC water legislation to date and is designed to improve and integrate the way water bodies are managed throughout Europe. The WFD classification scheme for water quality includes five status categories: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. The general objective of the WFD is to achieve ‘good status’ for all surface waters by 2015. ‘Good status’ means both ‘good ecological status’ and ‘good chemical status’. More information from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/objectives/index_en.htm.

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http://www.blueprintforwater.org.uk/

http://www.defra.gov.uk/environ/fcd/policy/wlmp.htm

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/fish/569882/584811/

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-framework/objectives/index_en.htm

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References ICES, 1998. European Eel. Extract of the report of the Advisory Committee on Fishery Management. Download from the ICES website: http://www.ices.dk/committe/acom/comwork/report/2007/oct/eel-eur.pdf National Eel Management Plan http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/fish/286019/312590/?version=1&lang=_e UK BAP White Clawed Crayfish SAP, was originally published in Biodiversity: The UK Steering Group Report - Volume II: Action Plans (December 1995, Tranche 1, Vol 2, p157) and can be viewed on the UK BAP website – www.ukbap.org.uk

http://www.ices.dk/committe/acom/comwork/report/2007/oct/eel-eur.pdf

http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/fish/286019/312590/?version=1&lang=_e


Objective RSO1: Maintain and increase the area and enhance the quality of water courses and their floodplains


RSA1: Improve access to data about winterbourne flows

The Rivers and Streams Working Group evaluates the results of the winterbourne monitoring, carried out by the Environment Agency, on an annual basis

Rivers and Streams Working Group, EA, WSBRC, WWT, WFA, Wessex Water

2009 South West BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 1; CWP BAP (RS-01)

RSA2: Liaise with (EA) and lobby (NGOs) statutory bodies to agree to the necessary investment to address low flow issues Note: awaiting review of consents and water company business plans for AMP5

By 2012 investment is not a significant limiting factor in addressing low flow issues

ARK, WWT, EA, NE, WFA, Wessex Water, Thames Water

2012 Blueprint for Water; Statutory Water Resources Plans (Water Undertaker)

RSA3: Complete and implement identified water company actions under the Habitats Directive review of consents

AMP5 delivered Wessex Water, Thames Water, NE, EA

2016 Water Company Business Plans (2010-2015)

RSA4: LDFs acknowledge that water supply is a constraint, when allocating land for housing/development

No major developments take place on floodplains and in areas of sensitive hydrology

WCC (County Ecologist), LPAs (Forward Planning Team Leaders), EA, WWT, NE, Thames Water, Wessex Water

As each document is published

RST1: No deleterious impacts on chalk stream ecology in the winterbourne and perennial sections due to abstraction

No permanent (long term) downstream migration of the heads of the perennial sections (EA) Note: EA currently have monthly monitoring surveys that are in place to understand how the source of a river migrates spatially over time. The locations are put into a database, which is then developed into a graphical representation called a “Stream Signature”. This software works out where the grid reference is in relation to the very top of the catchment. This gives a very clear indication of winterbourne movement over time

RSA5: Encourage wise use of water by the public

10% reduction in per capita mains water use

WWT, EA, Wessex Water, Thames Water, NE (Living River Project)

Deadline: 2015

Blueprint for Water; South West BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 1; Swindon BAP SOW (SOW17), Urban Ponds (U6) & Rivers and streams (RaS7) HAPs

RST2: Increase the length of active channel with the full range of characteristic natural features

50km by 2015 (Rivers and Streams Working Group)

RSA6: Restore natural river features through carrying out the Programme of Measures, and meeting the objectives of other statutory drivers

Good ecological status and favourable conservation status achieved (as defined in PoM)

WWT, EA, NE, WFA, ARK, Wessex Water, Thames Water, STREAM, NT

By 2015 or as specified in the PoM, with full completion by 2027

EA River Kennet Restoration Strategy published 12/07; WFD River Basin Management

Wiltshire BAP Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats Action Plan

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Plan; CWP BAP (RS-04)

RSA7: Enabling and directing further work through non statutory agencies and partnerships

Initiate 10 projects over 5 years

WWT (WCSP), EA Fisheries Enhancement projects , WFA, Living Rivers, WWT, ARK

2012 and every 5 years after that

River Kennet Restoration Strategy; River Kennet WLMP; River Kennet at Axford: Project Plan

RSA8: Identify opportunities for restoration including production of an opportunity map by end of 2008

Produce an opportunity map

Rivers and Streams Working Group; WWT, WSBRC, EA, NE, WFA, ARK

2008 WBAP SOW HAP; Blueprint for Water; River Kennet Restoration Strategy

RSA9: Water Level Management Pans for SACs/SPAs deliver hydrological continuity of existing and degraded habitat

Restoration of all degraded habitat in SACs/SPAs underway by 2010

NE, EA 2010 River Kennet WLMP; Chilton Foliat WLMP; Avon tributaries WLMP

RSA10: Riparian management to be considered in appropriate site management plans for all LA managed public open spaces

Considered in all Plans by 2011

WCC (Site Managers), input of County Ecologist to be determined after “One Wiltshire” established

2011

RSA11: Where appropriate remove poplar plantations and replace with semi-natural habitat

Plan of action developed by 2010 and implemented by 2015

FC, NE, Rivers and Streams Working Group

2010 (plan) 2015 (implementation)

WBAP Woodland HAP; River Kennet at Axford Project Plan

RSA12: Complete the mapping of the existing area of wet woodland so that the database is up to date (including ground truthed data)

Up to date map produced

WSBRC, FC, NE, Rivers and Streams Working Group

2008

RSA13: Double the area of wet woodland

Extent of wet woodland determined by RSA13 is doubled.


2015 CWP BAP (WD-04)

RST3: Protect and restore the natural ecological and hydrological functioning of floodplains.

At least one example of floodplain restoration on each major catchment to achieve ecological and hydrological linkage to their river by 2015 (WWT)

RSA14: Map existing area of reedbed, swamp and marsh

Map produced WSBRC, FC, NE, Rivers and Streams Working Group

2009 CWP BAP (FMR-01)

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RSA15: Quadruple the area of reedbed, swamp and marsh

Extent of reedbed, swamp and marsh determined by RSA15 is quadrupled


2015 SW BIP Reedbeds HAP Objectives 4&5; CWP BAP (FMR-03)

RSA16: Map the existing area and review opportunities by 2009 for recreation/restoration of floodplain grazing marsh suitable for breeding waders and/or wintering wildfowl

Map produced and opportunities identified

Rivers and Streams Working Group, WSBRC

2009

RSA17: Map the existing area and review opportunities by 2009 for recreation/restoration of botanically rich wet meadow

Map produced and opportunities identified

Rivers and Streams Working Group, WSBRC

2009 CWP BAP (FL-03)

RSA18: Address reasons for unfavourable condition of SSSIs

All remedies identified on a site by site basis are agreed and implemented sufficient to achieve favourable condition.

NE, EA, WWT (WCSP)

Agreement and Programme of Remedies 2010, completion of remedies by 2020

River Kennet Restoration Strategy

RSA19: Determine progress against the River Avon SAC Conservation Strategy

Re-assess the Action Tables arising from the River Avon SAC Conservation Strategy in order to measure progress and adjust priorities

NE, WFA, STREAM 2010

RST4: SSSIs and SAC features in favourable or recovering condition

95% of SSSIs and SAC features in favourable or recovering condition by 2010, (NE)

RSA20: Ensure sufficient funding to carry out necessary remedies for RSA19 and arising from RSA20

Funding is not a limiting factor in achieving the necessary outcome of RSA19 and necessary outcome arising from RSA20.

EA, WWT, NE, Thames Water, Wessex Water, WFA, Salisbury DC (only LA that owns river SSSI), ARK

2012

RST5: Non SSSI Rivers - Achieve at least good ecological status (as defined for the Water

All waterbodies to achieve at least good ecological status (or their potential) by 2015 (EA)

RSA21: Appropriate work to be carried out according to WFD Programme of Measures

Work under the Programme of Measures to be carried out by 2015

EA, WWT, NE, Wessex Water, Thames Water, ARK, NT

2015 Blueprint for Water; WFD River Basin Management Plan

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RSA22: Address diffuse pollution to ensure all rivers achieve Good Ecological Status (GES as defined by WFD). Note: Some water bodies will achieve Good Ecological Potential (GEP) rather than GES as they will be designated as heavily modified water bodies

Ensure continued support for catchment sensitive farming projects

EA, NE, Wessex Water, Thames Water


WBAP Farmland Habitats HAP - catchment sensitive farming; River Kennet Landwise Project; Kennet Chalkstream Restoration Project; WFD; CWP BAP (RS03)

RSA23: Water company point source discharges to be upgraded where appropriate

All appropriate point source discharges upgraded (AMPs)

EA, NE, Wessex Water, Thames Water


RSA24: Target swan grazing/overgrazing

Agree a Swan Action Plan by 2008 and implement thereafter

NE, WWT, WFA 2009 and then ongoing

RSA25: Work to achieve a consensus on best practice for stocking rates of wildfowl on waterbodies

Consensus achieved and best practice guidelines produced, so that stocking rates are within the capacity of the waterbody

BASC, EA Catchment Sensitive Farming Project, NE

2009

Framework Directive) Note: this target is for all rivers, not just chalk (Bristol Avon, Sem)

RSA26: Maintain and support the River Monitors within the WSBRC

Support in place and river monitor numbers maintained at 35

WSBRC, Rivers and Streams Working Group, WWT, ARK


RSA27: Systematic collection and collation of existing and new data on invasive plant species

Robust distribution map developed by 2012, and updated annually thereafter

WSBRC, WWT (WSCP), EA, WFA, Living Rivers

2012 and then ongoing

CWP Invasive Species Action Plan

RSA28: Ensure known populations under active control where necessary

100% of currently known sites under active control by 2020.

WWT, WFA, BTCV, EA, NT, NE (Living Rivers)

2020

RSA29: Ensure all relevant projects and development control conditions include invasive species control where required

Appropriate measures included in all relevant Construction Method Statements and Management Plans

LA's (Development Control), WCC (District and County Ecologists)

2009

RST6: Reduce current area affected by invasive alien plant species

100% of known sites under active control by 2020 (WWT)

RSA30: All habitat management projects and Site Management Plans include invasive species control

Invasive species control included in all relevant Site Management Plans and habitat

WCC (Countryside Team)


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management projects

RSA31: Work with garden centres to control spread of invasive species

Measure 1: By 2012, no garden centres are stocking invasives and all have a leaflet on control of invasives in-store Measure 2: Work with garden centres to address issues surrounding imports of new species

Rivers and Streams Working Group

2012

RSA32: Systematic collection and collation of existing and new data on invasive animal species

Robust distribution map developed by 2012, and updated annually thereafter

WSBRC, WWT (WCSP), EA, WFA

2012 and ongoing

RSA33: Establish mink control on all Water Vole Local Key Area's by 2010

Mink control established on all LKAs by 2010

WWT, EA, NE, WFA 2010 WBAP Standing Open Water HAP

RSA34: Extend Mink control to all sites occupied by Water Voles and out from all LKA’s to a river and catchment basis (note including standing open water bodies within the catchment) to establish a cordon sanitaire with a defendable front line to prevent Mink re-colonising.

Mink control established on all 3 catchments at the recommended 2km interval by 2015. A defended ‘front line’ is maintained to allow for reduced trapping in the Mink free zone and prevent Mink re-colonisation.

WWT, EA, NE, WFA, CWP BAP Team

2015 WBAP Standing Open Water HAP

RST7: Non native animal species are prevented from having an adverse impact on native habitats and species.

Non-native species distribution is reviewed by the group on an annual basis, and plan of action drawn up when required (Rivers and Streams Working Group)

Note: actions for Mink focus on Water Voles, but removal will also help wetland birds, Bullhead, Lamprey etc. Water Vole Project simply provides the mechanism.

RSA35: Continue surveillance of Signal Crayfish distribution and assess the efficiency of trapping on Signal Crayfish biomass

Spread and density of Signal Crayfish populations monitored and reported annually

EA fisheries projects, WFA


Objective RSO2: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


RST8: Restore the historic distribution of spawning Salmon on

Increase from c. 50% of historic distribution to 67% of historic

RSA36: Collate anecdotal information on where salmon spawn

Produce a reliable distribution map of actual and potential spawning sites

Wessex Salmon and Rivers Trust, WFA, WSBRC, EA

2010 EA Salmon Action Plans

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RSA37: Protection and enhancing of known spawning areas

Spawning areas are maintained and brought into good condition. The percentage to be targeted will be determined once RSA37 is complete.

Wessex Salmon and Rivers Trust, WFA, EA, WWT, NE, Avon Salmon Group

To be determined once RSA37 is completed

EA Salmon Action Plans; South West BIP Objective 2

RSA38: Make management of flood control devices Salmon-friendly

Water Level Management Plans and Hatch operating protocols include management for Salmon

WFA, EA Ongoing, reported annually

Water Level Management Plans

the Hampshire Avon catchment Note: climate change will place constraints on their potential future distribution.

distribution by 2015 (baseline will rely on RSA37 being determined) (EA)

Note: Action will be included here at the first yearly update on removal of obstruction to migratory fish, once reference can be made to the Marine Bill

RSA39: Translate the Environment Agency’s National Eel Plan into area priorities

Report and action plan produced

EA, WFA (Avon Catchment), ARK

2010 Environment Agency's National Eel Plan; CWP BAP (OT-04)

RST9: Increase the distribution and numbers of Eels in Wiltshire

Report produced outlining local priorities and mechanisms through which numbers and distribution can be increased

RSA40: Carry out a feasibility project to reintroduce elvers into the River Kennet

Feasibility study completed

EA (DJ/AF), ARK 2010 Environment Agency's National Eel Plan

RSA41: Collate anecdotal information on where Trout spawn


Wild Trout Trust, ARK, WWT (WCSP), WFA, WSBRC, EA, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD)

2010 EA Trout and Grayling Strategy


Spawning areas are maintained and brought into good condition (percentage to be determined once RSA42 has been completed)

Wild Trout Trust, ARK, WFA, WWT (WCSP), EA, AONBs (North Wessex Downs, CCWWD) NE


EA Trout and Grayling Strategy

RST10: A self sustaining wild population of Brown Trout throughout all catchments without inappropriate stocking.

Self sustaining populations in all catchments (EA)

RSA43: Non fertile fish to make up a higher proportion of the number of stocked Brown Trout to ensure wild and adaptable genetic makeup

Fishing clubs are stocking triploid (non-fertile) Brown Trout

EA, WFA, WWT (WCSP)



RST11: Grayling - a self sustaining wild population of Grayling

Self sustaining populations in all catchments (EA)

RSA44: Collate anecdotal information on where Grayling spawn


ARK, WWT (WCSP), WFA, WSBRC, EA, AONBs (NWD, CCWWD)

2010 EA Trout and Grayling Strategy

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Spawning areas are maintained and brought into good condition (percentage to be determined once RSA45 has been completed)

ARK, WFA, WWT (WCSP), EA, AONBs (North Wessex Downs, CCWWD) NE



throughout all catchments without inappropriate stocking. Reference EA Trout and Grayling Strategy

RSA46: Non fertile fish to make up a higher proportion of the number of stocked grayling to ensure wild and adaptable genetic makeup

Fishing clubs are stocking non-fertile grayling

EA, WFA, WWT (WCSP)



RSA47: Influence developments and road schemes to ensure that potential impacts on otters are mitigated

Mitigation measures in place, otter populations continue to recover

EA, NE, WWT, WCC (County Ecologist)


UK BAP Otters SAP

RSA48: Provision of advice to still water fishery managers

All fisheries managers contacted with advice where required and appropriate measures in place to protect otters and interests of fishery

EA, NE, WWT, WFA Ongoing, reported annually

UK BAP Otters SAP

RST12: Restore Otters to all catchments in the county by 2010

Evidence of Otters throughout each catchment (EA)

RSA49: Continue to collect and carry out post mortem on road kill Otters. Report results of analysis

Otters collected and post mortems carried out. Reports produced.

EA, Cardiff University Ongoing, reported annually

UK BAP Otters SAP

RSA50: Maintain up to date information on Water Vole distribution with graphic representation through GIS mapping and data collation with WSBRC.

All survey data transferred to WSBRC and entered onto suitable database(s). Review by addition or removal of LKA’s as they improve/expand or degrade/shrink.

WWT, EA, NE, WFA, CWPS, WSBRC


UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs; SW BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 3; Swindon BAP (WL7); WBAP SOW HAP SOWT39

RSA51: Establish a rolling programme of survey/monitoring of Water Vole Local Key Areas (LKA’s).

Each area is re-visited at least every five years.

WWT , EA, NE, WFA, CWPS

Programme established 2008, 5 yearly reporting thereafter

UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs; WBAP SOW HAP SOWA40

RST13: To ensure no net loss of Water Vole distribution from Wiltshire rivers and streams

No net loss from 1990's baseline data (46 positive sites out of 66 surveyed, or 6 new sites) by 2015 (WWT)

RSA52: Maintain and increase the number of voluntary Water Vole surveyors

Number maintained at 60 and increased to 100 by 2010

WWT 2010 UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

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RSA53: Strive to safeguard all existing Water Vole colonies through best practice management of river banks.

No loss of Water Vole colonies as a result of habitat loss.

WWT, EA, NE, WFA, CWPS


UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs; WBAP SOWA41&42

RSA54: All opportunities taken to enhance habitat to allow for natural expansion of water voles through agri-environment grant schemes, by influencing developers through the planning process, and all river restoration schemes

Guidelines drawn up in ES targeting statements to ensure every opportunity is taken to increase suitable Water Vole habitat by 2010

WWT , EA, NE, WFA 2010 River Kennet Restoration Strategy; UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

RSA55: Strive to ensure all river bank managers and restoration works utilise best practice management and extend suitable Water Vole habitat where possible.

All works requiring EA consent and/or planning permission to have met best practice guidance wherever possible

WWT, EA, NE, WFA Ongoing, reported annually

UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs; WBAP SOWA41&42

RST14: Extend distribution in line with national and regional targets by 2020

Water Vole distribution extended by 2020 (WWT)

RSA56: Restore and enhance rivers and streams and associated habitats adjacent to Local Key Areas

20 ha of habitat adjacent to LKAs restored by 2015

WWT, EA, NE, WFA 2015 UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

RSA57: Establish the current distribution and status of White-clawed Crayfish in Wiltshire

Collation of existing data, targeted survey work to confirm still present at key sites

EA, WSBRC, WWT 2010, and then ongoing

UK BAP, SW BAP, CWP BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAPs

RSA58: Protect existing populations wherever possible

Measure 1: Raise awareness of the threats to crayfish to anglers and landowners (info given to all angling clubs) Measure 2: Ensure any riparian works take crayfish into account Measure 3: Work with planners to ensure that crayfish taken into account

EA, WWT, NE, WCC (County Ecologist)


UK BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP; SW BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP Objective 1; CWP BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP

RST15: Retain a minimum of two separate populations of White-clawed Crayfish in Wiltshire

Wiltshire has at least two healthy, unthreatened populations of native crayfish (EA)

RSA59: Consider re-introducing White-clawed Crayfish to suitable areas free from other crayfish species

Potential sites identified for re-introduction by 2010 and populations established by 2015

EA, WWT, NE 2010 and 2015

UK BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP; SW BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP

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Objective 2; CWP BAP White-clawed Crayfish SAP

RST16: Obtain comprehensive baseline data on all dragonfly species with emphasis on key species

Produce Wiltshire Dragonfly Atlas and Best Practice Guidelines for key species by 2012 (County Recorder)

RSA60: Survey Scarce Chaser Note: Other actions leading up to target completion are contained within WBAP SOW HAP

Identify and survey priority areas by 2010

BW, County Recorder

2010 CWP Dragonfly (group) SAP; WBAP SOW HAP SOWT11

RST17: Maintain current distribution and ensure viability of current populations of Desmoulin's Whorl Snail

Current distribution and population maintained

RSA61: Monitor populations at designated sites (e.g. Chilton Foliat)

Populations monitored at all currently known sites

NE, EA Ongoing, reported annually

Chilton Foliat WLMP; UK BAP Desmoulin's Whorl Snail SAP

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats Action Plan Organisation RepresentativesAction for the River Kennet Charlotte Hitchmough Avon Salmon Group D-J Gent British Waterways Viv Philips, Oda Dijksterhuis BTCV Ian Ross Cotswold Water Park BAP Team Gareth Harris, Jill Bewley Cotswold Water Park Society Gareth Harris County Recorders Steve Covey Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB David Blake Environment Agency D-J Gent, Alison Futter (upper River Kennet catchment), Melissa Clarkson Forestry Commission Ian Briscoe Living River project Martin Gilchrist, Sarah Yarrow STREAM Jenny Wheeldon Thames Water Andy Tomczynski Wessex Water Fiona Bowles, Ruth Barden Wessex Salmon and Rivers Trust John Levell Wild Trout Trust Allan Frake Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre Purgle Linham Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist) Wiltshire Fisheries Association Tony Wells Wiltshire Ornithological Society Christine Johnson (Chair) Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Martin de Retuerto (Wessex Chalk Streams Project), Water for Wildlife Project

Background

Standing open water may be classified according to nutrient status, and can be eutrophic (nutrient rich), mesotrophic (intermediate) or oligotrophic (nutrient poor). Current estimates suggest that around 80% of English standing open waters are eutrophic (UK BAP Eutrophic Standing Waters HAP). Lakes which deposit calcium carbonate are called marl lakes – in general these are open waters with at least 100mg/l of CaCO3. The total area of standing inland water in Britain is estimated at 3344km2 (only 675km2 of this is in England) (UK BAP Eutrophic Standing Waters HAP), making up around 400,000 separate standing water bodies. Pond Conservation estimates that around 95% of these bodies are ponds of less than 2ha, and many of these are badly affected by pollution. It is thought that over a million ponds were lost in the UK over the last century, although it has also been estimated that around 2000 ponds are excavated annually in the British lowlands alone (Williams et al, 2008). Ponds are a new priority habitat under the UK BAP Priority Habitat and Species Review 2007, and a UKBAP Habitat Action Plan is currently being prepared by the UK Pond HAP joint lead partners: Pond Conservation and the Environment Agency. Standing Open Water in Wiltshire Open water is a scarce habitat in Wiltshire, and apart from in the Cotswold Water Park, its conservation importance has not been fully assessed. The WSBRC records around 600ha of open water identified as SSSI or CWS in the county. However, this does not include the Wilts and Berks Canal, or the 97 CWS and 47 SSSIs that contain some open water element in them, or the vast number of farm, garden and village ponds that exist in Wiltshire. It is clear however, that in line with national trends, the number of ponds in the county has declined over the last century. For example, a survey of the Salisbury area in 1994 estimated that over the last 100 years, 43% of ponds had been lost.

Standing Open Water Standing Open Water covered by this Plan includes: o Natural features, such as ox-bow lakes, woodland ponds, and temporary pools in hollows o Man-made features such as gravel pits, ornamental lakes, canals, farm ponds, dew, ponds, garden ponds and

ditches. Large man-made lakes occur at Braydon, Bowood, Fonthill, Corsham, Stourhead, Longleat and in the Cotswold Water Park

o Temporary (ephemeral) and permanent ponds and pools created in tank tracks, which are an important feature on Salisbury Plain

o Canals – the Kennet and Avon Canal covers the width of the county, and is 65km in total length. The Wiltshire and Berkshire Canal is now being restored, and is also included in this Action Plan

Standing Open Water Habitat Action Plan

A Vision for Wiltshire’s Standing Open Water over the next 30 years… Our ponds, lakes and canals are thriving ecosystems, alive with the sounds of birds such as Reed Warblers and Reed Bunting, the air is buzzing with damselflies and dragonflies, and the “plop” of a Water Vole is not such a distant memory. Our ponds, lakes and canals are free from litter and pollution, being of the highest water quality, enabling the proliferation of a varied and rich aquatic plant assemblage, one of the richest in the country, supporting a diverse ecosystem of insects, fish, birds and mammals. The margins and adjacent land are appropriately managed, buffering the margins from adjacent land uses and enabling the integration of local communities with wetland environments, promoting their understanding and a sense of pride and ownership.

Standing Water © Sarah Wood

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Cotswold Water Park

In the Cotswold Water Park, mineral extraction and restoration have created a huge patchwork of lakes (147 in 2007, totalling over 1000ha) that make the area unique. The average water body size in the Cotswold Water Park is approximately 7ha. Ponds are poorly represented in the Water Park, considering the total area of standing open water, but those which are present are known to support large and widespread populations of dragonflies and Great Crested Newts. At least 50% of the lakes in the CWP are oligotrophic, and are important for their populations of rare or scarce aquatic macrophytes of European importance. Around 13 lakes have been identified as being marl lakes (10 of which have been designated as SSSIs), which are very biodiverse and support nationally rare plant communities. Swillbrook Lakes and Lower Moor Farm Swillbrook Lakes, a Wiltshire Wildlife Trust nature reserve (Lakes 46 and 48 of the Cotswold Water Park), is an excellent example of a wildlife haven created by human activity. Used for gravel extraction in the 1960s, the lakes now host 13 species of dragonflies, as well as a huge range of breeding and overwintering water birds. The lakes at Lower Moor farm were also created through gravel extraction – the largest is Mallard Lakes, the only SSSI lake in Wiltshire (excluding Swindon Borough which contains the Coate Water SSSI) – designated because of its three rare stonewort species. Mallard Lake also supports a nationally important population of Great Crested Grebe, and Water Voles and Otters inhabit the Flagham Brook.

Important Stonewort Areas

Swillbrook Lakes © David Hall

Plantlife have identified 118 sites in Britain as being “Important Stonewort Areas”, either of national or European importance. This list includes the New Forest and Cotswold Water Park, both of which are of European importance. With their inability to survive in dense vegetation and their demand for clear unpolluted waters, the seasonal pools and flooded trackways found in the heathland of the New Forest, are particularly important for a range of local and rare ephemeral stonewort species. While not greatly susceptible to pollution, such small habitats are highly vulnerable to natural succession if traditional land practices cease. Gravel pits at the Cotswold Water Park are particularly important for rare species such the Lesser Bearded Stonewort (a UK BAP species). The bare substrates of newly created clay, sand and gravel pits, combined with their typically unpolluted nature means that these habitats are often rich in stoneworts. Longleat There was no open water at Longleat before the Center Parcs Village was constructed, and wetland habitats were restricted to small fragments in rides. Longleat now has a system of 28 lakes, four of which are of high biodiversity interest. A detailed Ecological Monitoring Report is produced for the site on an annual basis, and progress is measured against national Center Parc BAP targets. At Longleat annual dragonfly and damselfly monitoring is carried out to produce a population assessment index, and special habitat features such as bare areas for Black-tailed Skimmers are maintained.

Species The standing open water habitat in the CWP supports internationally and nationally important numbers of wintering waterbirds, Water Voles, 20 species of breeding damselfly and dragonfly, stonewort populations of European importance and remnant populations of the native White-clawed Crayfish. In addition 13 species of bat have been recorded roosting and foraging. Ponds are an important freshwater habitat and can be extremely species-rich, supporting populations of at least two-thirds of Britain’s freshwater plant and animal species (Williams et al, 1999) The two canals in Wiltshire are known to be important for Water Voles, dragonflies and amphibians, as well as providing foraging habitat and linear commuting routes for bats.

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Seasonal water bodies on Salisbury Plain, particularly flooded tank tracks, are known to be important for invertebrates and amphibians, such as the Fairy Shrimp Charocephalus diaphanous, and Smooth Newt, Triturus vulgaris. Military vehicles operating on the Plain create a complex system of temporary pools, and the Fairy Shrimp eggs are transported between them on the tracks of armoured vehicles. The eggs can survive in a dormant state for up to 15 years. Actions are included in the revised Standing Open Water HAP for Water Voles, dragonflies and Palmate Newts.

Flooded tank tracks on Salisbury Plain – Fairy Shrimp habitat © MOD

Downy Emerald Cordulia aenea

This species shows a preference for still water habitats, predominantly ponds and sometimes canals. Breeding colonies are usually found in or near woodland, and well established ponds appear to be preferred. There are small populations of downy emerald at Lower Moor Farm and Swillbrook Lakes, and a strong colony at Stourhead. The Downy Emerald is uncommon in Wiltshire as a whole, and is nationally scarce.

A Dragonfly Atlas for Wiltshire In Wiltshire as a whole, 32 species of dragonfly and damselfly have now been recorded, and there are actions in the revised Wiltshire BAP SOW HAP, to complete the Dragonfly Atlas for the county. A Dragonfly Atlas project has now also been launched for the Cotswold Water Park, and this 5-year project represents first time that the CWP’s dragonfly fauna will be systematically studied in depth.

Palmate Newt Triturus helveticus

The Palmate Newt is the smallest amphibian in the UK – it is widespread and common in Scotland and Wales, but only has a patchy distribution in England. Actions have been included in the revised Wiltshire BAP SOW HAP to gain a more accurate picture of its distribution across the county. Action has also been included to encourage volunteers to become involved in the National Amphibian and Reptile Recording Scheme (NARRS) led by the Herpetological Conservation Trust (HCT) in partnership with the Amphibian and Reptile Group (ARG UK). Through volunteer-based surveys this scheme aims to monitor the conservation status of all UK amphibian and reptile species, as it is feared that even the UK’s more common amphibian and reptiles may be in decline.


- Between 2002-2005 at least 40 ponds were surveyed by partners for Great Crested Newts, against a target of 10 ponds per year over this period

- Against the target to create or restore at least 5 water bodies per district, at least 50 water bodies were created or restored between 2002-2005 by partners including FWAG, the National Trust, Cotswold Water Park Society, Great Western Community Forest and Wiltshire Wildlife Trust.

Some progress has been made in carrying out a desk study of all standing open water in the county, but this is still not complete, and is a priority in taking the revised SOW Action Plan forwards. The WSBRC is also currently setting up some pond survey resources for the general public, the information from which will go onto a ponds GIS layer and help towards estimating the county resource. The distribution of all standing open water in the Cotswold Water Park is now known, and is mapped on GIS. This provides an established framework for use of GIS in combination with aerial photographs. The Cotswold Water Park BAP The Cotswold Water Park Society have now successfully reviewed the Cotswold Water Park BAP, and the new document is available from www.waterpark.org. The Society’s vision for the biodiversity of the Cotswold Water Park in 2050 is that it should be a premier site for nature conservation where the requirements of industry, leisure, people and wildlife are successfully integrated.

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Fairy Shrimp on Salisbury Plain In 2007 the MOD and volunteers carried out a survey to gain more information on the extent of the Fairy Shrimp (Chirocephalus diaphanous) on Salisbury Plain, in an attempt to protect this vulnerable species by establishing its distribution and identifying areas of suitable habitat. The Fairy Shrimp is listed under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) and is also listed as a feature under the Salisbury Plain SSSI designation. Previous records of the species were predominantly from the west of the Salisbury Plain, but this new survey has shown that the Fairy Shrimp is quite widely distributed, across the whole of the Plain.

Fairy Shrimp © MOD

British Waterways BAP

Center Parcs BAP

Cotswold Water Park BAP

Swindon BAP

Other Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP

South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan

Section 4: Water and Wetlands, 4.1 - Standing Open Water, 5.2 – Neutral Meadows

Species Action Plans for White-clawed crayfish, Great Crested Newt, Water Vole and Southern Damselfly Habitat Action Plans for Standing Open Water and Reedbeds

Chapters on Canal and River Channels; Waterway Banks; Reservoirs, Lakes and Ponds; Reedbeds; Water Voles; Amphibians; Fish; Water Plants; Dragonflies and Damselflies

Stuart, N.F (2004) Important Stonewort Areas. An assessment of the best areas for stonweworts in the UK (summary). Plantlife International, Salisbury, UK.

A survey of selected ponds in the Salisbury area (1994) unpublished, Wiltshire Wildlife Trust.

Section 9: Water and Wetlands

Find out more about UK pond conservation at the Pond Conservation Trust’s website: www.pondconservation.org.uk

Species Statements for Reed Bunting, Otter, White-clawed Crayfish, Wintering Waterbirds

Species Action Plans for Breeding Water Birds, Great Crested Newt, Dragonfly (group), Stoneworts (group), Water Vole, Non-native Invasive Species

Habitat Action Plans for Standing Open Water and Canals. Habitat Statement for Ponds.

The UK BAP Habitat Action Plan for Eutrophic Lakes was originally published in UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans – Volume II: Terrestrial and freshwater habitats (December 1998, Tranche 2, Vol II, p.31). The Plan can also be viewed on the UK BAP website – www.ukbap.org.uk. A UK Lakes HAP Joint Steering Group has been set up to take forwards the UK HAPs for Mesotrophic and Eutrophic Lakes. Their website is at www.lakeshap.org.uk.

References

UK BAPLinks with other Plans

A major barrier to the progress of this Action Plan in the 2002 BAP was that the HAP did not have a dedicated working group. A working group has now been set up to take forwards the targets and actions under the Standing Open Water HAP. The group will be chaired by Gareth Harris from the Cotswold Water Park Society, and meet twice a year.

Taking the new Standing Open Water Habitat Action Plan forwards…

Find out more about the National Amphibian and Reptile Recording Scheme at: www.narrs.org.uk

Bats SAP – standing open water is often an important habitat for bat foraging Rivers and Streams HAP – targets for invasive species, Water Voles and dragonflies directly relate

Target 19 – Water Bodies and their Margins

South West Biodiversity Action Plan

Species Action Plans for Great Crested Newt, Bittern, Reed Bunting, Southern Damselfly, Otter, Water Vole, White-clawed Crayfish, Bearded Stonewort and Lesser Bearded Stonewort

Habitat Action Plans for Eutrophic Standing Waters and Mesotrophic Standing Waters

Williams, P., Whitfield, M. and Biggs, J. (2008) How can we make new ponds biodiverse? A case study monitored over 7 years. Hydrobiologia 597: 137-148. This report can also be downloaded from the Pond Conservation Trust’s website.

Williams, P.J. et al (1999) The Pond Book: A Guide to the Management and Creation of Ponds. Ponds Conservation Trust, Oxford


http://www.lakeshap.org.uk/

http://www.narrs.org.uk/

http://www.pondconservation.org.uk/

Objective SOWO1: Protect and maintain the area, and enhance the quality of this habitat


SOWT1: To have baseline data on the number and distribution of standing open water bodies in Wiltshire

Baseline database established (WSBRC)

SOWA1: Create a database of SOW sites in Wiltshire

Baseline inventory produced from OS basemaps and aerial photographs by end of first year (2008)

WSBRC 2008 SW BIP SOW HP Objective 1; CWP BAP (SOW-01 and SOW-02)

SOWA2: Identify priority sites of low ecological value for restoration

Initial list of sites produced by 2010 (to include reactively identified sites), to be reviewed every two years

SOW Working Group, WSBRC, CWP BAP Team, BW, FWAG, WWT, Community Groups to be specified once list developed

2010, and review every 2 years after that

SOWA3: Using those sites identified above in SOWA2, restore suitable ponds

3 ponds restored per year

WWT, CWP BAP Team, BW, FWAG, Community Groups to be specified once list above developed


Swindon BAP SOW HAP (SOW20)

SOWT2: Restoration and management of ponds identified as being of low ecological quality

4 ponds per year (WWT)

SOWA4: Promote pond restoration under AE schemes

1 pond restored under AE every year


SW BIP SOW HAP Objective 2

SOWA5: Identify priority sites for maintenance, of good ecological value

Initial list of sites produced by 2010 (to include reactively identified sites), to be reviewed every two years

SOW Working Group, WSBRC, CWP BAP Team, BW, FWAG, Community Groups once list developed

2010, and review every 2 years

SOWA6: Using those sites identified, take suitable ponds into management

3 ponds managed per year

SOW Working Group, WSBRC, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), CWP BAP Team, BW, FWAG, Community Groups once list developed



SOWA7: Promote pond management under AE schemes

1 new pond managed under AE every year



SOWT3: Management of ponds of existing good ecological quality

4 ponds managed per year (WWT)

SOWA8: Promote the creation and management of wildlife friendly garden ponds

Advice on pond creation and management included under actions under BET1 (BEA2)

WWT, Built Environment Working Group, WSBRC, NE, BTCV

2012 WBAP BE HAP BEA2; SW BIP SOW HAP Objective 2; Swindon BAP

Wiltshire BAP Standing Open Water Habitat Action Plan

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(SOW4)

SOWA9: Wilts and Berks Canal - development of a Wilts and Berks Canal BAP including investigation of funding options and provision of technical advice and support

BAP developed by 2015 WBCT, EA, WWT (BAP Coordinators), WCC (District Ecologists)

2015

SOWA10: The restoration programme achieves a net biodiversity gain

EIAs and Conservation Management Plan from restoration programme identify a net biodiversity gain over a 10 year basis

WBCT, WCC (District and County Ecologists), NE, WWT

Ongoing, reporting annually on progress

SOWA11: Wilts and Berks Canal - follow up monitoring on parts already restored - identify priority species and establish monitoring programme

Monitoring programme developed for all parts of the canal that are restored

WBCT, WBCT BAP Steering Group (identified above)

Monitoring programme established by 2010

SOWT4: Wilts and Berks Canal - achieve net biodiversity gain (through measuring no net loss) over Wiltshire section

EIAs and Conservation Management Plan show net biodiversity gain for Wiltshire part of the Canal (WBCT)

SOWA12: Develop a maintenance programme that enhances biodiversity

Maintenance programme devised

WBCT, WBCT BAP Steering Group

Maintenance programme established by 2010

SOWA13: Systematic collection and collation of existing and new data on invasive plant species

Robust distribution map by 2012, and updated annually thereafter

WSBRC, EA, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), CWP BAP Team

2012 and ongoing

Whole target correlates with RST6 from the Rivers and Streams HAP; CWP Invasive Species Action Plan

SOWA14: Ensure known populations under active control

100% of currently known sites of over 1ha under active control by 2020. Note: site over 1ha not invasive plant area being over 1ha

WWT, site owners identified above, EA, CWP BAP Team

2020

SOWA15: Ensure appropriate measures are included for invasive species in all relevant development control decisions

Appropriate measures included in all relevant Construction Methods Statements and Management Plans

LAs (Development Control teams), WCC (County and District Ecologists)

Deadline: 2009

SOWT5: Reduce current area affected by alien plant species

100% of known sites under active control by 2020

SOWA16: Work with garden centres to control spread of invasive species

Measure 1: By 2012, no garden centres are stocking invasives and

SOW Working Group

2012 Swindon BAP Urban Ponds HAP (UP13 and UP14)

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all have a leaflet on control of invasives in-store. Measure 2: 1 workshop Measure 3: Work with garden centres to address issues surrounding imports of new species

SOWA17: Establish distribution and extent of Zander in Wiltshire

Distribution map produced

EA (Fisheries Team), BW

2009

SOWA18: Zander -support angling clubs to ensure good practice (including catches being reported), is included in rules and procedures (awareness raised when day tickets, membership given out).

Good practice is included in all angling club rules and procedures

EA (Fisheries Team), BW , Angling Clubs (identified as a result of action), WBCT , CWP BAP Team, National Trust


Swindon BAP SOW HAP (SOW10)

SOWA19: Signal and other non native crayfish - support angling clubs to ensure good practice, is included in rules and procedures (awareness raised when day tickets, membership given out).

Good practice is included in all angling club rules and procedures

EA (Fisheries Team), BW, Angling Clubs identified as a result of action, WBCT, CWP BAP Team


SOWA20: Canada Geese -encourage egg dipping at breeding sites

5 new egg dipping operations are reported every year

SOW Working Group


SOWA21: Canada Geese -partnership to support CWP Canada Geese culling of moulting flocks

Partnership provides supportive media coverage if and as necessary

CWP BAP Team, SOW Working Group


SOWA22: Non native herptiles (to include Red-eared Terrapin and Bullfrog) - monitor the status of, and promote reporting by County Recorder to facilitate future action

County Recorder asks all herptile recorders to submit records to the WSBRC

County Recorder 2013

SOWA23: Non native herptiles (to include Red-eared terrapin and Bullfrog) - monitor the status of, and promote reporting by GCN licence holders to facilitate future action

NE asks all GCN licence holders to submit records to the WSBRC.

NE, GCN licence holders (via NE)

2008

SOWT6: Discourage the spread of invasive animals

Non-native species distribution is reviewed by the group on an annual basis, and plan of action drawn up when required (SOW Working Group)

SOWA24: Establish Mink control on all SOW Water Vole Local Key

Mink control established on all LKAs

WWT, BW, W&BCT 2010 WBAP R&S HAP – directly relates

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Area's by 2010 by 2010 (2on KandA) to RST7; Swindon BAP review - 1 LKA is on the W&B Canal in Swindon

SOWA25: Extend Mink control out from canal LKAs

Extend Mink control out from LKAs at 2km intervals (or if obstructions as near to 2km as possible) by 2015

WWT, BW 2015 WBAP R&S HAP – directly relates to RST7; British Waterways BAP

Objective SOWO2: Expand the area of this habitat


SOWA26: Prioritise sites for wetland mosaic development, including research into historic sites

Shortlist produced by 2010

EA, WWT, WWC (County Ecologist)

2010 CWP BAP SOW HAP: Objective 2 - Area Expansion; SW BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 4

SOWT7: In addition to the CWP, create 1 wetland mosaic over 1ha

One area for development of a wetland mosaic identified by 2010 (WWT)

SOWA27: Identify funding Funding for creation achieved

EA, WWT 2015

SOWT9: In addition to CWP, suitable former mineral sites on floodplains are restored to wetland habitat (including reedbed, fen and marsh habitat as appropriate)

At least one site agreed as an approved after-use in the next 10 years with detailed restoration plans (WCC - District and County Ecologists)

SOWA28: Wetland complex promoted by LA ecologists and mineral planners as a restoration option

Wetland complex agreed

WCC (County and District Ecologists, and Mineral Planners)

2017 CWP BAP SOW HAP: Objective 2; WBAP R&S HAP RST3

Objective SOWO3: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


SOWT10 Macrophytes: Establish baseline data for aquatic macrophytes

Baseline data obtained by 2015 (WSBRC)

SOWA29: Undertake aquatic macrophyte surveys at 5 waterbodies per year (throughout duration of BAP)

5 waterbodies surveyed per year

WWT (Wildlife Sites Project, Water for Wildlife Project, WCSP), WSBRC (River Monitors)


CWP BAP (STO-01)

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SOWA30: Obtain funding for survey where required

Funding obtained SOW Working Group, WSBRC, WWT (Wildlife Sites Project), NE

2009

SOWT31: Produce Dragonfly Atlas for Wiltshire

Atlas produced County Recorder, WSBRC

2012 WBAP R&S HAP direct link RST16

SOWT32: Re-survey all historic and present sites for Downy Emerald by 2009

Data collated and captured by WSBRC

County Recorder, WSBRC, CWP BAP Team

2009

SOWT33: Establish monitoring programme for Downy Emerald at all county sites

Monitoring programme in place by 2010

County Recorder, WSBRC

2010

SOWT11 (Dragonflies): Obtain comprehensive baseline data on all species with emphasis on key species.

Produce Wiltshire Dragonfly Atlas and Best Practice Guidelines for key species by 2012 (County Recorder)

SOWT34: Develop best practice management for Downy Emerald and implement at all known sites in the county by 2012

Best Management Practice developed by 2008 and implemented by 2012

County Recorder, CWP BAP Team; Site Managers as identified by Best Practice document

First stage: 2008, Second stage: 2012

SOWT12 (Palmate Newts): Obtain an up-to-date record of Palmate Newt distribution

County Recorder devises a proactive survey programme (County Recorder)

SOWA35: Proactive survey programme developed

Proactive survey programme devised by 2009 and implemented by 2010

County Recorder, WSBRC

Programme devised: 2009, and implemented:2010

SOWT13: Promote involvement in the National Amphibian and Reptile Recording Scheme and the Wiltshire Amphibian and Reptile Group

10 volunteers per year undertake NARRS surveys in Wiltshire (County Recorder)

SOWA37: Ten 1km sites are surveyed per year for NARRS

10 volunteers recruited per year to undertake NARRS surveys

WARG, County Recorder

10 volunteers by 2010, and then 10 per year ongoing, reported annually

SOWA38: New WWT Water for Wildlife Project Officer to determine 1990s SOW baseline

1990s baseline determined

WWT (Water for Wildlife Project)

2008

SOWA39: Maintain up to date information on water vole distribution with graphic representation through GIS mapping and data collation with W&SBRC

All survey data transferred to W&SBRC and entered onto suitable database(s). Review by addition or removal of LKA’s as they improve/expand or degrade/shrink.

WWT (Water for Wildlife Project), CWP BAP Team, WSBRC


WBAP R&S HAP: RSA50; SW BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 3; UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

SOWT14 (Water Voles): Ensure no net loss of water vole distribution from standing open water (in terms of number of standing water bodies occupied)

No net loss from 1990's baseline data

SOWA40: Establish a rolling programme of survey/monitoring

Each area is re-visited at least every five

WWT, CWP BAP Team

Ongoing, reported

WBAP R&S HAP: RSA51; CWP

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of water vole Local Key Areas (LKA’s).

years. every 5 years

(WV-01)

SOWA41: Ensure all existing water vole colonies are safeguarded through best practice management of banks

No loss of Water Vole colonies as a result of habitat loss

WWT (Water for Wildlife Project), WBCT, BW


WBAP R&S HAP: RSA54; UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

SOWA42: Ensure all lake managers and restoration works utilise best practice management and extend suitable Water Vole habitat, particularly offline habitats such as reedbeds and ponds

All management works use best practice management

WWT, EA, NE, WCC (County Ecologist)


WBAP R&S HAP: RSA55; UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

SOWA42: Manage/restore 40km of linear marginal features, including canal banks, of standing open water, n.b. includes ditches and drains where appropriate

40km by 2015 WWT (Water for Wildlife Project), BW (management), WBCT

2015 UK BAP; SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

SOWT15 (Water Voles): Extend distribution

Water vole distribution extended by 2015

SOWA43: All opportunities taken to enhance habitat to allow for natural expansion of water voles through agri-environment grant schemes and all river restoration schemes.

Guidelines drawn up in ES targeting statements to ensure every opportunity is taken to increase suitable Water Vole habitat by 2010.

NE 2010 WBAP R&S HAP; UK BAP, SW BAP and CWP BAP Water Vole SAPs

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Neutral Grassland Habitat Action Plan Organisation RepresentativesBTCV Ian Ross British Waterways Oda Dijksterhuis, Viv Philips Cotswold Water Park BAP Team Gareth Harris County Recorders Steve Covey (Dragonflies), Gemma Harding (Herptiles) Environment Agency Fisheries Team, Daryl Buck FWAG Louise Stratton National Trust Chris Gingell, Simon Ford Natural England Dianne Matthews, Tim Quinton Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Sanders (District Ecologists) Wilts and Berks Canal Trust Jenny Stratton WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Sarah Wilkinson, Head of Education, Rob Nicholls and Paul Darby (Landscapes for Wildlife), Rob

Large (County Wildlife Sites), Martin de Retuerto (Wessex Chalk Streams Project), Water for Wildlife Officer

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Lowland heathland is characterised by the presence of plants such as Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Gorse (Ulex spp.) and Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix) and is generally found below 300m in altitude. Lowland heathland is a priority for nature conservation because it is a rare and threatened habitat. In England only one sixth of the heathland present in 1800 now remains. The UK has around 58,000ha of lowland heathland of which around 55% is found in England. The UK has an important proportion (around 20%) of the international total of this habitat. Lowland Heathland is a priority habitat in the South West BAP, as the South West contains around 25% of the UK total. Heathland is important for bird species such as Nightjar, Woodlark and Dartford Warbler. The joint English Nature/RSPB Lowland Heathland Inventory identifies that there is around 32ha of heathland in Wiltshire, split down as is shown in the table below. Site Grid

reference Heathland type

Area of heathland at site (ha)

Date surveyed

Great Yews SSSI SU120231 CH 0.4 1986 Landford Bog SSSI SU259185 WH 2.0 1995 Landford Heath SSSI SU265178 WH 4.0 1994 Porton Down SSSI SU240365 CH 1.4 1991 Savernake Forest SSSI SU215665 CH, WH, DH 1.5 1988 Aucome Bottom SU835425 Unknown 0.2 Unknown Dinton Wood SU004302 CH 0.1 1995 Great Ridge ST950360 CH 1.0 1983 Hamptworth Common SU247184 WH 7.7 1995 Hamptworth Park SU232197 DH, WH 2.3 1995 Hamptworth Picnic Area SU234175 DH 0.3 1995 Hursley Common, West Woods SU150662 DH 4.0 1986 Loosehanger, East Woods SU210187 WH 0.4 1995 Nomansland SU256182 WH 0.2 1995 Pound Bottom SU219176 DH, WH 0.2 1995 Quar Hill SU222180 WH 4.9 1995 Windyeats Farm SU213180 DH 0.9 1995 Key: DH = Dry Heath, WH = Wet Heath, CH = Chalk Heath The Wiltshire BAP Review Working Group discussed the inclusion of a Habitat Action Plan for Heathland in the Wiltshire BAP, as did the Calcareous and Neutral Grassland HAP working groups. The Wiltshire BAP coordinators have also discussed the situation with the New Forest National Park Authority. It was decided that the need for a Heathland HAP in the Wiltshire BAP would be properly evaluated over the next year, and an Action Plan could be devised at the first yearly update if required. Reference should be made to the soon-to-be-published New Forest BAP and the Center Parcs BAP (in which heathland as a habitat is given special priority), in the meantime. References: Joint English Nature/RSPB Lowland Heathland Inventory for Wiltshire (draft). Available to view at the WSBRC.

Lowland Heathland Information Note

Background

This Action Plan was named “Urban Environment” in the Wiltshire BAP 2002. It was decided that the name should be changed to “Built Environment” in order to encompass all man-made structures that aren’t necessarily only found in an urban setting.

Built Environment Man-made structures and associated land whose primary function is commercial/industrial, residential or formal recreation. It includes formal parks, village greens, allotments, churchyards and gardens. It also includes land associated with transport corridors, and previously developed land.

The built environment often plays host to a wide range of habitat types as is shown by its definition above, while at the same time being home to large concentrations of people. Although only about 10% of England is urbanised, some 90% of the population lives in urban areas (Defra, 2002), and thus most contact between people and nature is likely to be with urban species in urban habitats. This provides the unique opportunity to raise awareness among individuals and communities about the natural environment that surrounds their everyday lives. Green spaces have the added importance of having a social, recreational and aesthetic value for those living and working in the built environment, and the provision of green space as part of the work-place has been shown to reduce stress and the number of sick days taken by employees. The Built Environment in Wiltshire Wiltshire is a predominantly rural county, with a population of around 433,000, nearly half of whom live in towns or villages with fewer than 5000 people (Wiltshire County Council website).

Built Environment Habitat Action Plan A Vision for Wiltshire’s Built Environment over the next 30 years… All of Wiltshire’s residents have access to high quality green space, and their gardens and school grounds are species-rich, having been designed with wildlife in mind. Overall, Wiltshire’s residents recognise the wildlife value of the built environment in which they live, work and play, and are actively involved in conserving it.

Importance of different parts of the built environment Buildings Buildings including their walls, roofs, eves, holes and other nooks and crannies provide a range of microhabitats, as well as space to live and nest for a wide range of plants, birds, invertebrates and mammals –from lichens, ferns and flowering plants on buildings and walls, insects sheltering in wood or brickwork, to bats which use buildings to roost and nest in. The Built Environment HAP contains action for building nesting birds including Barn Owls, House Sparrows, Swallows, Starlings, House Martins and Swifts. House Martins and Swifts are almost completely dependent on buildings for their nest sites. It is believed that changes taking place in breeding grounds are responsible for the decline in bird species such as the Swallow. Suitable nesting sites are now often in short supply due to farm buildings being converted and modernised, and in addition much modern housing is constructed in such a manner as to exclude birds from potential nesting areas.

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Importance of different parts of the built environment (continued…)

The potential offered by green roofs is increasingly being recognised, with benefits not only for biodiversity. Installation of a green roof can lead to extended roof life, attenuation of storm water run-off, reduced heating and air-conditioning costs, noise amelioration, absorption of air pollutants and improved air quality. It is also thought that the thermal benefits provided by green roofs on business premises can reduce staff absences as a result of reduced fluctuation of daily mean temperature. Species that might benefit from green roofs include bats, birds including the Black Redstart, beetles, flies, bees, wasps and spiders. Gardens and Allotments There are now more than 15 million gardens in the UK and around 250,000 allotments, which illustrates that their importance as a wildlife habitat cannot be underestimated. Each garden or allotment on its own might be small, but together they form a patchwork or mosaic of interconnected habitats, allowing species to disperse and move around along wildlife corridors. Gardens and allotments are of importance to a wide variety of species through provision of food, water, shelter and nesting sites. Where gardens contain features like ponds, they can support locally important populations of amphibians for example. Surveys conducted by BTO Garden BirdWatch participants in 2003 found that Common Frogs were present in up to 93% of suburban gardens and Common Toads were present in 55% of rural gardens. They can also provide shelter, food and nesting sites for many species of bird. The Built Environment HAP contains several targets for encouraging and promoting gardening with wildlife in mind. Churchyards and Cemeteries Churchyards and cemeteries can provide potential havens for biodiversity, as unlike surrounding farmland they have generally not been sprayed with chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and are relatively undisturbed by people. A wide range of habitats may be present – from gravestones, to church walls, to trees, shrubs and grassland, and as such can support a wide range of species from lichens, mosses and flowering plants to bats and insects. The seed banks in some Wiltshire churchyards are more than 1000 years old and offer a rich biodiversity potential given favourable conditions. The Wiltshire Living Churchyard and Cemetery Scheme was set up in the 1980s in order to promote these important wildlife refuges, and now more than 40 churchyards belong to the project. Previously Developed Land An action has been included in the Built Environment HAP for Previously Developed Land (PDL), in line with the UK BAP, which now includes “Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land” as a UK Priority Habitat. PDL can support exceptionally important invertebrate communities including rare species of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera. They are particularly important for species requiring bare substrate, sandy burrowing or nesting sites, and nesting habitat. PDL is also of functional importance in that it provides areas of early/pioneer habitat and general refugia within otherwise impoverished landscape areas. As a habitat, PDL is at substantial risk and subject to destruction and serious degradation from factors such as urban development, landfill, unsuitable reclamation, eutrophication, lack of appropriate management and natural succession. Road Verges Under a scheme begun in 1970 some fifty road verges throughout the county are designated as Protected Road Verges because of their special habitat, species or geological interest. Special maintenance is carried out by Mouchel, the County Council’s highway consultants, and usually involves more than the one metre wide cut given to all other road verges. Volunteers carry out the monitoring of the special interest on these sites. The verges are visited regularly to check that the management is carried out as agreed, and, most importantly, report on the plants or animals for which the verge was designated. For example one verge near Slaughterford is protected for its Glow Worms, and another beside the A303 for its population of the Adonis Blue butterfly.

Wildlife Gardening © Tom Cairns/WWT

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Important Sites Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) are for both people and wildlife. They are living green spaces in towns, cities, villages and the countryside which are important to people, and support a rich and vibrant variety of wildlife. All LNRs are owned or controlled by local authorities. Wiltshire currently has nine LNRs, including Drews Pond Wood in Devizes, Smallbrook Meadows in Warminster and Conygre Mead in Malmesbury.

Species characteristic of the Built Environment

As has been illustrated above there is a great heterogeneity about the habitats making up the built environment. The buildings, other built structures and green infrastructure between them can provide a mosaic of different habitat types with space for many species of plants, birds, invertebrates and mammals to inhabit.

Starling Sturnus vulgaris The British breeding population of Starling is approximately 8.5 million birds. A report by BTO for Defra has shown that farmland supports 30% of the British breeding population, and urban/suburban habitats and rural gardens support around 57% of the breeding population. Long term monitoring by the British Trust for Ornithology shows that Starling numbers have fallen by 60% since the mid 1970s. Due to this decline in numbers the Starling has now been red listed as a bird of high conservation concern, and added to the UK Priority Species List.

West European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeusLike the starling, the Hedgehog has also recently been added to the UK Priority Species List, due to a population decline of 20% nationally between 2001 and 2005, and up to 50% in some places (Mammals Trust UK Mammals on Roads Survey). Preliminary analysis suggests that increasing urbanisaton and “tidier” gardens are key in the decline of this species (Burnham and MacDonald, 2007).

Drews Pond This Local Nature Reserve and County Wildlife Site is a 7.5 acre area of woodland, meadows and burial ground situated in Devizes and owned by Kennet District Council. It has been managed by a local volunteer group since 1990 who have worked to improve access, carry out essential conservation work and return the wood to traditional management including rotational coppicing. A loose circuit of paths have been blended into the woodland and opened to the public to enjoy and learn about the area.

Smallbrook Meadows This LNR is owned by West Wiltshire District Council and managed by Wiltshire Wildlife Trust. It is located on the outskirts of Warminster and consists of a number of disused water meadows lying between the Rivers Were and Wylye. The reserve provides a wide range of habitats with suitable conditions for many species of birds, mammals and invertebrates. Snipe and Water Rail are seen regularly, and the reserve is also home to Water Voles.

Conygre Mead Conygre Mead LNR in Malmesbury is owned and managed by Malmesbury River Valleys Trust (MRVT). The Reserve consists of mainly open grassland with mature willows, associated with a restored pond and some woodland. A tall mixed species hedge forms the northern boundary. The rare sawfly Macrophya albipuncta occurs here and Water Voles have been seen. Birds include Bullfinch and Garden Warbler. Grass Snake and Slow Worm have been recorded. More information from the MRVT website: http://www.watervole.net/mrvt/pages/conygremead.htm

Hedgehog © Charlotte Watson

Smallbrook Meadows © WWT

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Progress Highlights since 2002 Tower Mustard rediscovered at Chittoe Heath Protected Road Verge Tower Mustard, a nationally rare and protected plant is found at only 35 sites in the UK, one of which is in Wiltshire, where it was first recorded in 1650. It was last recorded at its Wiltshire site in the 1990s, until in 2006 on a visit by members of the Protected Road Verge (PRV) Project; a single plant was spotted standing tall amongst the surrounding vegetation. The surprising thing about this species is that it actually thrives on disturbance, so it was decided that to give the plant as much chance as possible, the vegetation around the plant should be cut short and the earth scarified to increase the chance of the seeds germinating and the plant spreading. The necessary management is being carried out by Mouchel (WCC highway maintenance consultants and members of the PRV Project). Barton Farm Country Park, Bradford on Avon Barton Farm Country Park is a 36 acre countryside facility bounded by the River Avon and the Kennet and Avon Canal. Since the first Wiltshire BAP was published Wiltshire County Council have appointed a new senior ranger to carry out sympathetic management of the county’s green spaces. His work has included installation of new interpretation boards at Barton Farm Country Park, and setting up a conservation group at the park to involve the local community in carrying out habitat enhancement, and in making decisions about the Park’s future management. These actions have gone towards meeting many of the targets set out under the Urban HAP in the Wiltshire BAP 2002. Wildlife Counts Project Wildlife Counts was a three year (2003-2006) Heritage Lottery funded Project carried out by the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre (WSBRC), looking at how to involve the public in the monitoring of their local wildlife. The Project asked the public to record specific biodiversity indicators through the distribution of postcards, and provided training and support in appropriate methods for monitoring and species identification to encourage regular and ongoing surveying. The Project engaged over 100 new volunteers and contributed over 3000 new records to the WSBRC. Over 20 volunteers have continued to regularly contribute their sightings, meaning that many new areas of the county now have good information about flora and fauna, where previously there was none. Green Gardens Campaign and Green Gardening at Priory Vale In 2002 developers at Priory Vale in Swindon contracted Wiltshire Wildlife Trust to provide information and advice to homeowners on how to live more sustainably, which included promotion of wildlife friendly gardening. Welcome packs were produced for new residents including information on where to recycle, how to make their homes more energy efficient, and how to attract wildlife into their gardens. A wildlife garden was also created at one of the showhomes. New interpretation boards were produced for the adjoining 16 acre Clifford (Haydon) Meadow Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and leaflets were created explaining the importance of agricultural management on the SSSI. This work is ongoing, and the Wildlife Trust continues to work with the developers at Priory Vale to hold annual events.

Clifford Meadow SSSI: An annual orchid count is now carried out

here. © Ruth Baker/WWT

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Taking the Wiltshire BAP Built Environment HAP Forwards A Built Environment Working Group has been set up, and will meet three times a year. The group will discuss all of the objectives of the Built Environment HAP bar BEO2 (Road Verges) which will be dealt with by the Road Verges Group at their quarterly meetings. The Built Environment Working Group will also discuss the Planning and Communities sections (2 and 5) under the Generic Action Plan.

Key Name of Protected Road Verge

1 Midford Valley Woods Verge

2 Warminster Verge

3 Ford - Giddeahall Verge

4 Nettleton Verge

5 Slaughterford Verge

6 Coombs Wood, Slaughterford Verge

7 East of Ford Verge

8 Giddeahall Verge

9 Littleton Drew Verge

10 Ansty Down Road Verge

11 Ferne Hollow Road Verge

12 Fonthill Terraces Verge

13 Fonthill Verge 1

14 Fonthill Verge 2

15 Chitterne Road Verge

16 Edington Verge

17 Bratton Verge

18 Chittoe Heath Verge

19 Notton (near Lacock) Verge

20 Fovant Down Verge

21 Dinton Verge

22 Berwick St. James Road Verge

23 Wood Lane/Webbs Wood Verge

24 Ballards Ash Road Verge

25 Redlynch Verge

26 Stratford-sub-Castle Verge

27 Lockeridge Verge

28 Farley Verge

29

Whiteparish Common and Cowesfield Wood Verges (3 parcels)

30 Winterslow Road Verge

31 Thorny Down Road Verge

32 Conholt Verge

33 Shalbourne Verge

34 Braydon Verge

35 Chaddington Lane Verge

36 Common Hill, Ford Verge

37 Beckhampton Verge

38 Win Green, South of Ludwell Verge

39 Pepperbox Hill Verge 40 Pincombe Down Road Verge 41 Yarnbury Castle Verge

42 Wadswick Common Verge

43 South of Ham Verge 44 Little Durnford Verge

45 Winsley Hill Verge

46 Great Bedwyn Junction east of Marlborough Verge

47 South of Tilshead Verge

48 Little Langford and Great Wishford Verge

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Protected Road Verges in Wiltshire 2008

WSBRC 2008

Figure 9: Map illustrating the locations and names of Wiltshire’s Protected Road Verges. Picture (left) Road Verge at Beckhampton © Jane Cole

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Links with existing Plans South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan

Section 11: Towns, Cities and Development Other sections of the Wiltshire BAP Standing Open Water HAP: action is included under the SOW HAP for promotion and management of wildlife friendly garden ponds. Bats SAP: As outlined above, the built environment provides important roosting and nesting habitat for bats, actions for which are covered under the Bats SAP Swindon BAP Section 6: Urban Habitats – 6.1 Built-up Areas and Gardens Cotswold Water Park BAP Built Structures Habitat Action Plan Center Parcs BAP Target 23: Buildings and Hard Development – maintain usage by hibernating invertebrates, birds and other fauna British Waterways BAP Chapters on Built Structures and Towpath Verges

References: BTO Research Report no. 290 for Defra (2002) Investigation of the Causes of the Decline of House Sparrow and Starling in Great Britain. Download from: http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/resprog/findings/sparrow/index.htm BTO Statistics on the occurrence of common toads and frogs in garden ponds as recorded in the Big Garden Birdwatch can be downloaded from: http://www.bto.org/gbw/herps/species%20accounts/commonfrog.htm Burnham, D. & MacDonald, D. (2007) The State of Britain’s Mammals. Mammals Trust UK .Download from: http://www.wildcru.org/files/SOBM%202007.pdf Davies, C.. MacFarlane, R., McGloin, C. & Roe, M (2006) Green Infrastructure Planning Guide. This document was produced by Northumberland and Newcastle Universities and the North East Community Forests to assist planners in developing GI Plans at the local level. It can be downloaded from: http://www.greeninfrastructure.eu/ Department for Transport, Local Government and the Regions (2002) Green Spaces, Better Places. A useful report on the importance of parks and gardens in an urban setting. Download from: http://www.communities.gov.uk/publications/communities/greenspacesbetter3 Wiltshire County Council and Swindon Borough Council: Wiltshire and Swindon Minerals and Waste Development Framework. More information from the Wiltshire County Council website http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/environment-and-planning/planning-home/planning-minerals-and-waste-development-framework.htm and download from: www.wiltshire.gov.uk/min-wst-evidence-chp3.pdf UK BAP HAP for Open Mosaic Habitats on Previously Developed Land More information can be found on the UK BAP website: www.ukbap.org.uk. Green Roofs – further information English Nature publication - Green Roofs: their existing status and potential for conserving biodiversity in urban areas. Available from the Natural England website: www.naturalengland.org.uk Living Roofs - an independent UK resource for more information on green roofs– www.livingroofs.org The South West Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) More information and download from the South West Regional Assembly website - http://www.southwest-ra.gov.uk/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=538

Objective BEO1: Local people are engaged in conserving the wildlife in the built environment


BEA1: Determine baseline for 2007 of number of enquiries about wildlife gardening to Wildlife Information Volunteers

Baseline established WSBRC March 2008 BET1: More people are encouraging wildlife in their garden

Year on year increase in number of enquiries about wildlife gardening to wildlife information volunteers from 2007 baseline (WSBRC) BEA2: Run wildlife gardening

training courses, produce press releases and publications

20 training courses, 25 press releases, 250 downloads of Wiltshire guidance notes from WWT and BAP websites

WWT, NE 2012 Swindon BAP Urban Areas HAP (BG8, BG15, BG16)

BEA3: Identify funding for two full-time school grounds officers

School grounds officers in post

WWT on hold until new Head of Education in post

2010

BEA4: School Grounds Officers work with schools to ensure biodiversity integrated into their management plans

All schools have biodiversity integrated into their management plans

WWT on hold until new Head of Education in post

2015

BEA5: Work with partners to develop materials for schools on managing their grounds for biodiversity

Materials are developed WWT, NE, WCC (Premises Team: Schools) on hold until new Head of Education in post

2010

BET2: All schools have biodiversity integrated into their management plans

100% of schools by 2015 (WWT)

BEA6: Develop and provide training for school grounds maintenance contractors on managing areas for biodiversity

Training course developed and carried out annually

WWT (new Head of Education) on hold until new Head of Education in post

Training course developed by 2010

BET3: Increase in number of LNRs in urban areas

NE target measures (1ha per head of population) for the development of new LNRs are met (Natural England)

BEA7: Determine the number of CWS that would meet LNR criteria but have not yet been designated and encourage LPAs to designate more LNRs

Review complete, and LPAs actively seeking to designate more LNRs

Natural England, WCC (County and District Ecologists), WWT (Wildlife Sites Project)


SW BIP Water and Wetlands Objective 5, Towns and Cities Objectives 2&3; SW BAP Urban Areas HAP Objective 3

Objective BEO2: Maintain and enhance the biodiversity value of transport corridors


BET4: Maintain the ecological value of all

No loss of existing PRVs (WSBRC)

BEA8: Complete the revision of PRV criteria by 2007

Revised criteria in use WSBRC, WCC (County Ecologist),

December 2007

Wiltshire BAP Built Environment Habitat Action Plan – Targets and Actions

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Mouchel

BEA9: Suitable management to be put in place for all PRVs

80% of PRVs in good condition (as defined by PRV report)

Mouchel, WCC (County Ecologist)

2012

BEA10: Recruit and train a volunteer monitor for each PRV

Ensure each PRV has a trained monitor

WCC (County Ecologist), WSBRC

2012

BEA11: Seek funding for periodic professional survey to facilitate adaptive management of all PRVs (surveying to assess effectiveness of management prescriptions and alter management accordingly)

Funding achieved WCC (County Ecologist)


road verges that meet the selection criteria for PRV status

BEA12: Determine the number of CWS that would meet PRV criteria but have not yet been designated

5 road verge sites considered for PRV status per year

WCC (County Ecologist), Mouchel, WSBRC


Note: no targets for rail or canals have been identified at present under this section, although canals are considered under the WBAP Standing Open Water HAP

Objective BEO3: Maintain and where possible, increase, the population size and extent of Wiltshire BAP species associated with this habitat in Wiltshire


BEA13: In developing site allocation plans information on the biodiversity interest on previously developed land is obtained through the evidence base data collection This might include survey for associated BAP species (e.g. Black Redstarts) and priority habitats (e.g. open mosaic habitats)

All allocations which include previously developed land have a suitable evidence base

LPAs (Forward Planning), WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE

Ongoing BET5: Due regard is taken of the biodiversity interest of previously developed land

Site Allocation documents identify areas of derelict land, their biodiversity interest and associated mitigation. (District Ecologists)

BEA14: Validation systems to recognise the potential value of previously development land

The ecological importance of previously developed land is recognised in development control procedures

LPAs (Forward Planning), WCC (County and District Ecologists), NE

2009

BET6: Raise awareness of the decline in birds that nest in buildings and potential ameliorating activities e.g. Barn Owls, Swifts,

All planning departments aware of issues by 2008, and 100 members of public reached each year (WCC - District

BEA15: Interpretation materials produced for use at events and for circulation

Suite of materials produced for use at events below

WWT, NE, WCC (County and District Ecologists), WSBRC

2009 RSPB - advice on building nesting birds http://www.rspb.org.uk/advice/helpingbirds/roofs

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/index.asp

BEA16: All relevant public events held incorporate information on the decline in species inhabiting the built environment

Relevant events identified by BE group, and interpretation taken to those events

WWT, NE, WCC (County and District Ecologists), WSBRC, Built Environment Working Group

Annually once action above complete

Swallows, Starling, House and Tree Sparrows, and House Martins

Ecologists and WWT)

BEA17: Guidance document produced for planners and developers as part of the proposed SPD/pre-application guidance documents

Document produced and distributed

County and District Ecologists

2008

Individual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Built Environment Habitat Action Plan: Organisation Representatives Mouchel Jane Cole Natural England Tim Quinton, Charles Routh Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Sanders (District Ecologists), Premises Team WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman, Biodiversity Action Team, new Head of Education, Wildlife Sites Project Steering Group, Water for

Wildlife Project

Background

The Bats SAP in the Wiltshire BAP 2002 only covered six species of bat. However, a decision was made by the Bats Working Group that as part of the review of this SAP, the Action Plan should now cover all bats found in Wiltshire, which currently amounts to 15 species. These are listed in the table below. If other species are found in the county in future, then they, along with the others in the list below will be covered by the targets and actions which comprise this Action Plan. All bats and their roosts are protected under Schedule 2 of the Habitats Regulations (1994) and Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) (as amended). Bat species found in Wiltshire

This table was compiled using information from Greenaway and Hutson (1990), Dillon (1998), the UK BAP, Swindon BAP, the Wiltshire BAP 2002, and the WSBRC database. Species English name National status Wiltshire status Habitats Barbastella barbastellus

Barbastelle Approximately 5000 individuals. Long term trends unknown. One of its population centres is in south west England.

53 records in 3 main clusters – Savernake, the Bentley Wood area, and near Westbury. Restricted distribution, although potentially expanding into the north of the county, where there has now been one isolated record.

Mainly woodland, uses old buildings and trees as summer roosts, and underground sites and hollow trees for hibernation

Myotis bechsteinii

Bechstein’s Very rare in the UK, around 1500 individuals. Restricted to southern England

Mainly clustered just east of Trowbridge, and also found further in the south. Very restricted to the west of the county from the centre down. 49 records in total. Recent maternity roost found in the north.

Associated with ancient woodland and hedgerows. Most individuals roost in trees, although some records are from underground locations

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Greater horseshoe

South west has 70% of UK population. Significant decline throughout the past century. 35 recognised maternity roosts and 369 hibernation sites. Population estimates of 4000-6000 individuals nationally

Main clusters are in the west of the county, in the Box Mines and Bradford on Avon areas. Also found in the Chilmark area. 272 records in total, which reflects the long-term monitoring of known populations of this species.

Mosaic of habitats required. Need grazed pasture and good quality riparian habitat.

Bats Species Action Plan

© Charlotte Watson

A Vision for the Status of Bats in Wiltshire over the next 30 years… Wiltshire is a stronghold for bats - existing roosts, hibernation sites and key flight lines are protected. More potential hibernation and roost sites are created. Bats are welcomed by the public as a vital part of Wiltshire’s biodiversity, and a greater awareness of bats among all of Wiltshire’s residents is achieved.

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Species English name National status Wiltshire status Habitats Pipistrellus pipistrellus

Common Pipistrelle

Pipistrellus pygmaeus

Soprano Pipistrelle

It was recently discovered that there are two distinct species of Pipistrelle. Research underway into distribution. P.pipistrellus has now been removed from the UK BAP Priority Species List. Estimated UK population of both species is 2 million individuals in total. Thought to have undergone decline of approximately 70% between 1978-1993

Records are widespread, strongly associated with rivers. Only 68 records of P. pygmaeus but unable to differentiate between P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus in pre-2000 records – all are listed as P. pipistrellus. 597 records of P. pipistrellus in total. Wiltshire has some very important sites including Lacock Abbey with >1000 P. pipistrellus.

Pipistrelles are nomadic and require a large number of suitable roosts to maintain each colony. They roost mainly in buildings but also use trees. They require a mosaic of habitats and often forage in suburban gardens, but are also associated with hedgerows, scrub, trees and woodlands. Wetlands and rivers also important.

Rhinolophus hipposideros

Lesser Horseshoe

14,000 individuals, decline in recent decades. Breeding colonies only present in Wales and south west England

Most records are distributed within about 8 miles of the A420, One of the biggest roosts is at Nettleton in the north of the county, and there is another roost north of Lyneham. Also found in the Chilmark area. 313 records in total in Wiltshire.

Lesser Horseshoes tend to feed within ancient woodland, parkland, scrub and pasture. Hedges and riparian habitats are important flight routes. Most summer maternity roosts now use buildings. Most hibernate in caves or other underground sites

Myotis natterei Natterer’s Relatively common in southern Britain, and scarce in the north

Relatively common and widespread, mostly found in the west around the Box Mines area, and in the south in the Chilmark area. Also found Avebury area, and in Savernake and Winsley.

Roost in old buildings and trees in summer, and caves and mines in winter. Foraging habitat includes open woodland, parkland, hedgerows and waterside vegetation.

Plecotus auritus Brown Long-eared

Second most common species in Britain. Common and widespread throughout Great Britain and Ireland.

Widespread across the county – 1014 records in total. Number of records reflects the fact that these commonly roost in houses, so are more frequently reported.

Broadleaved woodlands for foraging. Linear features like hedgerows are important for linking roosts to foraging sites. Buildings important as summer roosts - buildings, caves and trees used in winter

Eptesicus serotinus

Serotine Declining nationally, but extending range northwards

Relatively common and widespread, strongly associated with rivers. 340 records in total

Roost mainly in buildings, both in summer and winter. Grasslands, particularly unimproved, are principal feeding grounds.

Myotis brandtii Brandt's Widespread in England and Wales. Status uncertain but probably more frequent in west and north

Widespread but not common, however this species is likely to be under-recorded. 60 records in total.

Uses woodland and along woodland edge and hedgerows, often near water

Myotis daubentonii

Daubenton's Seems to be increasing in parts of its range, possibly due to increase in number of artificial water bodies.

Most records are from river corridors and canals where this bat is easily identified – 162 records in total but likely to be under-recorded

This species feeds mainly on insects with aquatic larval stages. Ideal habitat is sheltered water with vegetation on both banks, although other areas of freshwater are also important.

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Species English name National status Wiltshire status Habitats Myotis mystacinus

Whiskered Bat Widespread in England and Wales, but nowhere common

141 records in total, mostly found in the west around the Box Mines area, and in the south in the Chilmark area, although likely to be under-recorded.

Prefers more open parks and gardens, but differentiation between Brandt’s (which prefers woodland) and Whiskered bats not clear

Nyctalus noctula Noctule Widely distributed in England and Wales to southern Scotland

Found in the Box Mines and Chilmark area, along the Nadder. Also found in the north of the county and in centre (e.g. Bulmore Camp on Salisbury Plain). Widespread but not common –108 records in total.

Noctules are known to forage over open areas such as wetlands, often at a considerable distance from their roost.

Pipistrellus nathusii

Nathusius's Pipistrelle

Vagrant, in spring and autumn found from Scotland to the Channel Islands but with few mainland records.

One record in the county in 2006 from Beggars Knoll Wood. Also recorded from Lake 74 in the Cotswold Water Park.

Woodland bat, particularly edges including rides and paths, or both deciduous trees and conifers. Also parkland and over water

Nyctalus Leisleri Leisler’s Leisler’s bat is widespread but rare in Europe, and is found throughout the British Isles, with the exception of northern Scotland.

Rare in the county A woodland bat which also roosts in buildings. These bats hibernate in tree holes, in the cracks and cavities of buildings and occasionally in caves and tunnels.


Four species of bat (Bechstein’s, Barbastelle, Greater Horseshoe and Lesser Horseshoe) are listed on Annex IV of the Habitats Directive, which requires the designation of Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) at key sites for these species. Two SACs have been designated for their bat interest in Wiltshire; Chilmark Quarries and Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats. The revised Wiltshire BAP Bats SAP contains a target for the designation of two more Bat SSSIs, at Savernake Tunnel and Gripwood Quarry.

Chilmark Quarries The Chilmark Quarries SAC in South Wiltshire contains the Chilmark Quarries SSSI and Fonthill Grottoes SSSI. It is a complex of abandoned mines and subterranean follies regularly used by an important assemblage of bat species as a hibernation site. The extensive system of undisturbed mines, with their constant temperature and humidity, and varied construction of the grottoes, provides suitable conditions for large numbers of wintering bats. The site is considered to be one of the best areas in the UK for Bechstein’s, barbastelle, and Greater Horseshoe bats, and supports a significant population of Lesser Horseshoe bats. The surrounding woodland, grassland and open water habitats also provide a valuable roosting, breeding and feeding area for bats.

Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats SAC (comprising Box Mine and Winsley Mines SSSIs within Wiltshire) This site comprises extensive networks of man-made tunnels which are used by bats for hibernation, mating and as a staging post prior to dispersal. Box Mine and Winsley Mines also include areas of woodland which are used as feeding and commuting habitat by the bats. These disused stone mines are of key importance to Greater Horseshoe bats (holding 15% of the UK Greater Horseshoe bat population in winter), Lesser Horseshoe bats and Bechstein's bat, as well as a mixed assemblage of comprising several other bat species. Such good populations are found here because of a combination of suitable temperature and humidity conditions, good access for bats, lack of pollution and infilling, and freedom from significant disturbance. In order to maintain these conditions, grilles have been installed over the most vulnerable mine entrances.

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Progress Highlights since 2002 - At least 250 bat boxes have been erected in the county since 2002 as a result of work by the

Wiltshire Bat Group, the Five Rivers Bat Group, and the Cotswold Water Park Bat Initiative - There are now at least 17 voluntary bat wardens in Wiltshire, against an initial target of 25

The Wiltshire Greater Horseshoe Bat Project This project now regularly surveys 10 key hibernation sites and is monitoring inter-roost movement with a view to protecting likely commuting routes. Funding has been provided by Wiltshire County Council. Wiltshire's largest known Bechstein's maternity roost.One of only five (at the time) known breeding colonies of Bechstein's bat in the UK was found at a wood in West Wiltshire by Ian Davidson-Watts in 2004, following the radio-tracking of a non-breeding female. The colony had 53 bats and may be related to a nearby population of 15-20 adult females located at another wood 2km away. There are still less than 20 known Bechstein’s maternity roosts known in the UK. Wiltshire Barbastelle Maternity Roosts discovered Increased monitoring of bat populations has led to the discovery of the first Wiltshire maternity roosts for the nationally endangered Barbastelle bat. Wiltshire Bat Group have determined that there appear to be two sub groups of Barbastelle bats in Savernake Forest and the surrounding area, as well as foraging areas and commuting routes. Monitoring culminated in Autumn 2006 with the discovery of a mating cluster of 11 Barbastelle bats in one box, which is extremely significant nationally, as not long ago only one maternity roost and less than 30 hibernation sites were known of in the UK. Cotswold Water Park Bat Initiative In 2005 the Cotswold Water Park Society launched the Cotswold Water Park Bat Initiative to promote the study and recording of all bat species in the Cotswold Water Park. The project, which comprises members of both the Wiltshire and Gloucestershire Bat Groups, aims to support bat conservation across the Cotswold Water Park, in conjunction with the Society, and contributing the new grouped Species Action Plan for Bats in the CWP Biodiversity Action Plan. Progress since 2005 has included:

- Transect surveys have been carried out on 29 sites in total and have shown that bat activity in the CWP is extremely high around wetland sites, and comparatively less on farmland

- At the end of 2007, the 13th species of bat had been recorded in the CWP – a Greater Horseshoe, near Fairford

- New Nathusius’ Pipistrelle records have been gained from around Lake 74 near Ashton Keynes, and it is thought that this species may now actually be breeding in the area

- The Project has erected over 170 Schwegler woodcrete bat boxes since 2005, and 43% of the boxes showed evidence of usage in 2007

Contact Gareth Harris – gareth.har[email protected] for more information about the Bat Initiative.

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Taking the Wiltshire BAP Bats SAP Forwards A Bats Species Action Plan Working Group has been set up to take the Bats SAP forwards. It will be led by Purgle Linham from the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre.

Links with existing Plans UK BAP There are currently SAPs in the UK BAP for Pipistrelle, Greater Horseshoe, Barbastelle, Lesser Horseshoe and Bechstein’s Bats South West Biodiversity Action Plan Species Action Plan for Pipistrelle Bats – download from www.swbiodiversity.org.uk Other sections of the Wiltshire BAP As a group bats are unusual in their interaction with people, through their reliance on buildings and their need for a mosaic of habitats to provide them with necessary food and shelter. Therefore links must be made with all of the Habitat Action Plans in the Wiltshire BAP. Cotswold Water Park BAP Group SAP for Bats

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Center Parcs BAP Targets 1-7 for Common Pipistrelle, Soprano Pipistrelle, Daubenton’s, Brown Long-eared Bat, Noctule, Serotine and Whiskered/Brandts bats

References: The UK BAP Species Action Plans for Barbastelle, Bechstein’s, Pipistrelle, Greater and Lesser Horseshoe can be viewed on the UK BAP website: www.ukbap.org.uk. They were originally published in the UK Biodiversity Group Tranche 2 Action Plans – Volume I (June 1998, Tranche II, vol I, p.35 (Barbastelle), p.39 (Bechstein’s), p.89 (Pipistrelle), p.90 (Greater Horseshoe), p.43 (Lesser Horseshoe). Greenaway, F. & Hutson, A.M. (1990) A Field Guide to British Bats. Bruce Coleman Books Dillon, P. (1997) Mammals in Wiltshire. Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Swindon Biodiversity Action Plan (2005) Swindon Biodiversity Partnership Wiltshire Biodiversity Action Plan (2002) Wiltshire Biodiversity Partnership To view SAC and SSSI citations go to the Natural England website – www.naturalengland.org.uk. The JNCC website also provides more information on SACs – www.jncc.org.uk.

Objective BO1: Maintain and where possible increase existing bat populations


BA1: District Ecologists work with planning authorities to agree a system for considering bats consistently across planning applications

Validation checklists in place

WCC (District Ecologists), LPAs (Development Control teams), WSBRC, WWT

2008

BA2: To provide advice to planners and developers on mitigation and enhancement for bats in appropriate SPD and/or pre-application guidance

SPD and/or pre-application guidance includes advice for planners and developers

WCC (County and District Ecologists), LPAs (Team Leaders- Development Control & Forward Planning)

2010

BA3: Ensure that habitat enhancement for all developments contributes to bat habitat connectivity on a county wide scale.

LA ecologists ensure that enhancement is designed in line with Bat SAP targets, by approving suitable mitigation and enhancement for all developments.

WCC (County and District Ecologists)

Implement by 2008, and continue annually

CWP BAP (BAT-04)

BA4: Where mitigation within Wiltshire County Council developments (excluding domestic and small commercial), is necessary in order to protect bats and their roosts, the effectiveness of the mitigation is determined by follow up monitoring

Evaluation of effectiveness of mitigation measures is determined through follow up on 10% of WCC developments per year affecting bats

WCC (County Ecologist), LPAs (Development Control Teams)

Implement by 2009, and continue annually

BA5: Provide suitable guidance for planners on interpretation of the Habitats Regulations focused on areas of large developments close to the bat SACs (Bath and Bradford on Avon Bats and Chilmark Quarries).

Awareness raised and guidance adopted in specific planning procedures where appropriate

NE, WCC (County and District Ecologists)

2009

BT1: Ensure within the planning system, the protection of existing roosts and associated habitat

Systems are implemented to ensure that planning applications affecting bats and bat roosts are consistently dealt with across development control teams. (WCC - District Ecologists)

BA6: Collate existing information on key flight lines and feeding areas within 10km radius of SSSI (components of SAC) boundaries and disseminate as appropriate

Collate existing data and produce report relating to bat SAC sites in Wiltshire to draw out information useful for forward planning and development control

WCC (County Ecologist), WSBRC, NE (Batscapes)

2008 and then one per year

Wiltshire BAP Bats Species Action Plan – Targets and Actions

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BT2: All known nationally and internationally important populations are protected

All known nationally/ internationally important sites are designated for at least SSSI status (NE)

BA7: NE local team to designate Savernake Tunnel and Gripwood Quarry as SSSIs for bat interest

Sites designated NE By 2012

BA8: Leading on from collation of existing information at BA6, prioritise 2 habitat areas for further action. Seek funding to further knowledge of how Wiltshire habitats are used by bat populations of conservation concern

Funding achieved and project implemented

Bats SAP Working Group, WCC (County Ecologist) WSBRC, , NE

2010

BA9: For major bat roost populations identify habitat creation/ enhancement/ restoration required to improve habitat connectivity and improve foraging opportunities through agri-environment schemes, prioritising the areas up to 1 km from the roosts

Report produced outlining habitat management and enhancements for bats

NE, Bats SAP Working Group, local bat workers

2011 All WBAP HAPs; CWP BAP (BAT-06)

BT3: Increase viability of nationally and internationally important populations in Wiltshire

Measure 1: 2 habitat areas (key flight lines, or feeding areas of importance) identified and targeted by 2016 (Bats SAP Working Group) Measure 2: Bat-specific habitat enhancements made in the 1km zone around at least 4 major bat roost populations (NE)

BA10: Undertake habitat works identified above

Works implemented NE, Bats SAP Working Group, local bat workers

2016 All WBAP HAPs

Objective BO2: Increase awareness and understanding of all bat species among all sectors of society


BT4: Volunteer capacity is sufficient to undertake roost visits to all relevant Batline or BCT enquiries

A bat worker carries out a roost visit wherever required (number of volunteers is not a limiting factor) (NE)

BA11: Recruit 5 new licensed bat workers to undertake roost visits on behalf of Natural England (Batline or BCT enquiries)

5 new volunteers by 2010

NE 2010 Swindon BAP Bats SAP (B3)

BT5: Raise awareness of bat conservation in Wiltshire

6 workshops undertaken by 2012

BA12: BCT workshops held in Wiltshire for members of the construction industry, developers, architects, tree workers and others, promoting bat awareness and conservation

2 workshops by 2012 Bat SAP WG, NE, WCC (County Ecologist), local bat workers

2012

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BA13: Undertake 2 workshops for trainee bat workers to gain the Bat Roost Visitor Licence (domestic bat enquiries)

2 workshops by 2012 NE, WCC (County Ecologist), local bat workers

2012

BA14: Undertake bat walks aimed at members of the general public to raise awareness about bats

8 bat walks by 2010 Bat SAP working group, WWT, CWP Society, Five Rivers Bat Group

2012 Swindon BAP Bats SAP (B7); CWP BAP (BAT 13)

vidual contacts for each organisation listed in the “Partners” column and involved in delivering the Bats Species Action Plan:

Organisation Representatives

Indi

Cotswold Water Park Society Gareth Harris Five Rivers Bat Group Phil Smith Natural England Katie Lloyd, Stephanie Payne WSBRC Purgle Linham Wiltshire County Council Fiona Elphick (County Ecologist), Louisa Kilgallen and Abigail Sanders (District Ecologists) Wiltshire Wildlife Trust Bill Jenman Wiltshire Greater Horseshoe Bat Project

Fiona Mathews

Section Three

Species

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Species in Wiltshire Wiltshire has a rich diversity of habitats, and this is reflected in the wide variety of species found in the county. 191 of the species on the new UK BAP Priority List are known to be found within Wiltshire, and the county is a stronghold for many of these. For example the population of Marsh Fritillary found on Salisbury plain is of national and European importance. Wiltshire is also of particular importance for several species groups, including farmland birds, calcareous and woodland butterflies, bees and bats.

The need to revise the 2002 Species List Coverage of species under the Wiltshire BAP 2002 was inconsistent. The BAP contained a list of species, but not all species mentioned in the BAP were on this list, and thus it was unclear which species qualified as a Wiltshire BAP species. In addition the new UK BAP Priority Species List was published in 2007, with the number of Priority Species having increased from 577 to 1149, and 123 species removed. Therefore it was clear that the Wiltshire BAP species list needed to be reviewed with this in mind. The Wiltshire BAP species list has therefore been revised in order to produce a more comprehensive and clearly defined list of priority species in the county. There is no longer a list of species under each HAP - instead all required information can be found in the Wiltshire BAP species list, including the HAPs that the species are covered under. Where there are not specific actions or targets for a particular species under a HAP, it is thought that the steps that are being taken to conserve the habitat it is found in, will also be sufficient for the conservation of that species. If it becomes apparent over the course of a year that individual actions are required for a specific species, these can be added at the BAP yearly update.

In order to help draw up a meaningful species list for the Wiltshire BAP, the definition shown above was drawn up. In addition the justification for the addition of each species to the list has now been included in the list.

The Revised Species List Suggested BAP species were justified depending on their conservation status and level of legal protection both locally and nationally. Species were also included depending on their local importance. An example of local importance is the Adonis Blue, which is a highly restricted species breeding on unimproved chalk grassland. It had been removed as a priority species from the revised UK BAP, however, it is found chiefly in only a few counties - one of which is Wiltshire - and it was therefore felt that due to its local importance this species should be included as a Wiltshire BAP species. 178 species which were not present on the 2002 Wiltshire BAP species list have now been added to the list. 51 species have been removed. This brings the total number of species listed as Wiltshire priorities to 260. All bat species found in Wiltshire have been included in the BAP under the group SAP for bats. Originally the Bats SAP only covered a restricted number of bat species.

Wiltshire BAP Species: A species found in Wiltshire, and having either:

National priority - the species is a priority species under the UK BAP Local priority – other species considered as a priority in Wiltshire, including

county notables.

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Interpretation of the new Wiltshire BAP Species List

tification”: This column provides information about the status and protection that each species receives. Status and Protection categories Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (W&CA) Schedule 1: Birds which are protected by special penalties

Part 1 ((1)): at all times

Schedule 5: Protection for Wild animals

- Section 9 (S.9)

Part 1 ((1)): against intentional killing, injuring, taking Part 2: against possession or control (live or dead animal, part or derivative) Parts 4 (a) and (b): against disturbance of animal occupying such a structure or

place Part 5 (a): against selling, offering for sale, possessing or transporting for the

purpose of sale (live or dead animal, part or derivative) Part 5(b): against advertising for buying or selling such things

Schedule 8: Protection for Wild Plants

- Section 13

Part 1(a) against intentional picking, uprooting or destruction Part 2 (a) against selling, offering for sale, possessing or transporting for the

purpose of sale, any plant (live or dead, part or derivative) Part 2(b) against advertising for buying or selling

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) Status Codes Category Designation Code Rare & Scarce Species Nationally Notable NN

Column 4: “Jus

1. Listed all species mentioned in the WBAP 2002

2. Went through revised UK BAP Priority Species

List and added any species known to be found in Wiltshire

5. Any suggestions for addition or removal were

considered based on their conservation status, level of legal protection and local importance

6. Amended list cross-referenced with Wiltshire

notables list and any additional species justified

7. Consultation on final list with County Recorders and WBAP Partnership

3. Added any species not listed as UKBAP but which

are mentioned under specific Wiltshire BAP HAP and SAPs

e.g. Common Swift mentioned under BET7

4. Sent comprehensive list to County Recorders and WBAP Partnership

for comment

Figure 11: Stages in the revision of the Wiltshire BAP Species List which was carried out by the Wiltshire BAP Coordinators in conjunction with the Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre

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Category Designation Code Rare & Scarce Species Nationally Notable a Na Rare & Scarce Species Nationally Notable b Nb Rare & Scarce Species Nationally Rare NR Rare & Scarce Species Nationally Scarce NS Global Red List Critically Endangered CR Global Red List Endangered EN Global Red List Vulnerable VU Global Red List Near Threatened NT Red Listing based on pre 1994 IUCN guidelines Rare Rare Red Data Category - birds Bird Population Status: Red Red List Red Data Category - birds Bird Population Status: Amber Amber List Other Categories:

UKBAP Those species listed under the UK BAP Priority List are stated as being UKBAP. Those species which were added at the 2007 update of the national Priority List are stated as being New UKBAP. A full list is available from www.ukbap.org.uk. County Notable All species in the list which are UKBAP and/or W&CA are also County Notables (this is not stated explicitly). Where species in the list are not UKBAP or W&CA, but are County Notables, this is stated explicitly. Rare Plant Register (RPR) The Rare Plant Register has now been completed for Wiltshire, and contains details of the rarest native species in the county. This includes

- Any plant that is nationally rare, or threatened (i.e. included in the Vascular Plant Red Data list)

- Any plant that is nationally scarce - Any plant that is rare or scarce in Wiltshire

WBAP Some species have specific targets and actions under one or more of the Wiltshire BAP (WBAP) HAP and SAPs, and therefore are included on the species list regardless of their status.

Column 5: This column provides quick reference to which species in the list are on the new UK BAP Priority List. (added) - Was added to the new UK BAP priority list in 2007 (removed) - Was removed from the UK BAP priority list in 2007, but was on the previous UK Priority List, and has been retained in the WBAP. Column 6: ‘WBAP 2002’ indicates species, which appeared in the 2002 Wiltshire BAP. For quick reference, those species which are highlighted are new additions to the Wiltshire BAP Species List.

New Wiltshire BAP species

Column 7: ‘Notes’: Any other relevant notes. For example on habitat, abundance in Wiltshire, location in Wiltshire and alternative names Column 8, 9, 10: ‘HAP’: The Habitat Action Plan under which the species is covered (if not through specific actions for the individual species, through actions made to conserve its habitat).

Wiltshire BAP Species List Key

New Wiltshire BAP species

HAPs and SAPs – Habitat and Species Action Plans

R&S - Rivers and Streams;

SOW - Standing Open Water; Farm - Farmland Habitats;

Calc - Calcareous Grassland; Neut - Neutral Grassland;

Wdlnd - Woodland;

WP - Wood-pasture, Parkland and Ancient Trees;

Hedg - Hedgerows; BE - Built Environment; RV - Road Verges; Orch - Orchards; Heath - Heathland Bats – Bats (SAP)

Group Species English

Name Justification UK BAP WBAP

2002 Notes Relevant Habitat Action

Plans/Species Action Plans

Mammals Arvicola terrestris

Water Vole W&CA (Schedule 5 S.9); UK BAP; action in WBAP R&S and SOW

Y Y Water voles themselves are now newly protected under W&CA Schedule 5 (section 9) rather than just water vole habitat as previously

R&S SOW

Mammals Barbastella barbastellus

Barbastelle Bat W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; VU

Y Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Eptesicus serotinus

Serotine Bat W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Erinaceus europaeus

West European Hedgehog

UK BAP Y N Hedgehogs have declined nationally by around 20% 2001-2004

BE

Mammals Lepus europaeus Brown Hare UK BAP; action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y Y See Neutral Grassland explanatory text

Farm Calc Neut

Mammals Lutra lutra European Otter

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; action in WBAP R&S

Y Y R&S SOW

- 129 -

Group Species English Name

Justification UK BAP WBAP 2002

Notes Relevant Habitat Action Plans/Species Action Plans

Mammals Micromys minutus

Harvest Mouse New UK BAP; action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y (added) N Farm

Mammals Muscardinus avellanarius

Dormouse W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP Y Y See Woodland HAP explanatory text

Wdlnd WP Hedg

Mammals Mustela putorius Polecat New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd Farm Mammals Myotis

bechsteinii Bechstein’s Bat

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; VU

Y Y See Bats SAP explanatory text

Bats

Mammals Myotis brandtii Brandt's Bat W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Myotis daubentonii

Daubenton's Bat

W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Myotis mystacinus

Whiskered Bat W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Myotis natterei Natterer’s Bat W&CA Schedule 5 N Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Neomys fodiens Water Shrew County Notable N N R&S SOW

Mammals Nyctalus leisleri Leisler's Bat W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats Mammals Nyctalus noctula Noctule Bat W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Pipistrellus nathusii

Nathusius's Pipistrelle

W&CA Schedule 5 N N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Pipistrellus pipistrellus

Common Pipistrelle

W&CA Schedule 5 N (removed)

Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Pipistrellus pygmaeus

Soprano Pipistrelle

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP Y Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Plecotus auritus Brown Long-eared Bat

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; Y (added) N See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Rhinolophus ferrumequinum

Greater Horseshoe Bat

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; Y Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Mammals Rhinolophus hipposideros

Lesser Horseshoe Bat

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; Y Y See Bats SAP explanatory text Bats

Birds Acrocephalus palustris

Marsh Warbler W&CA Schedule 1 (1) (part); UK BAP; Red List

Y N R&S

Birds Alauda arvensis Skylark UK BAP; Red List; action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y Y Farm Calc Neut

Birds Alcedo atthis Kingfisher W&CA Schedule 1,(1) (part); Amber List

N Y R&S

Birds Anthus trivialis Tree Pipit UK BAP Amber List Y N Significant population on DTE SP Calc Wdlnd Birds Apus apus Common Swift Action in WBAP BE HAP N N BE Birds Asio flammeus Short-eared

Owl Amber List N N Calc

Birds Asio otus Long-eared Owl

County Notable N N Wdlnd

Birds Aythya marila Scaup W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part);New UK BAP; Amber List

Y (added) N SOW R&S

Birds Botaurus stellaris Bittern W&CA Schedule 1(1); UK

BAP; Red List; New UK BAP Y N Potential habitat creation

(reedbed) outside CWP SOW R&S

- 130 -




Birds Burhinus oedicnemus

Stone Curlew W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); UK BAP; Red List; Action in WBAP Farmland

Y Y Farm Calc

Birds Caprimulgus europaeus

Nightjar UK BAP; Red List; Action in WBAP Woodland HAP

Y Y See Woodland HAP explanatory text

Wdlnd

Birds Carduelis cabaret Lesser Redpoll New UK BAP; Amber list Y (added) N Wdlnd Birds Carduelis

cannabina Linnet UK BAP; Red List Y Y Farm Hedg Calc

Birds Carduelis flavirostris

Twite New UK BAP; Red List Y (added) N Farm Calc

Birds Cinclus cinclus Dipper County Notable N Y R&S BE Birds Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part);

Red List N Y Calc

Birds Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier

Amber List N N Significant proportion of UK population in Wilts

Calc Farm

Birds Coccothraustes coccothraustes

Hawfinch New UK BAP; Amber List Y (added) N Wdlnd WP BE

Birds Coturnix corturnix

Quail W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); Red List

N Y Farm Calc

Birds Crex crex Corncrake W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part). UK BAP; Red List

Y N Farm

Birds Cuculus canorus Cuckoo New UK BAP; Amber List Y N Calc Wdlnd SOW Birds Delichon urbicum House Martin WBAP; WBAP BE HAP N N BE Birds Dendrocopos

minor Lesser Spotted Woodpecker

New UK BAP; Red List Y (added) N Wdlnd Orch

Birds Emberiza cirlus Cirl Bunting W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); UK BAP; Red List

Y N Require mixed habitat. Farm Hedg Neut

Birds Emberiza citrinella

Yellowhammer New UK BAP; Red List Y N Wiltshire has one of the biggest county populations in UK

Farm Hedg

Birds Emberiza schoeniclus

Reed Bunting UK BAP; Red List Y Y R&S SOW Hedg

Birds Emberizia calandra

Corn Bunting UK BAP; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP; Red List.

Y Y Farm Calc

Birds Falco columbarius

Merlin W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); Amber List;

N Y Calc

Birds Gallinago gallingago

Snipe Amber List; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

N Y Farm Neut

Birds Gavia arctica Black-throated Diver

New UK BAP; Amber list Y (added) N SOW

Birds Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Action in WBAP BE HAP N N BE Birds Jynx torquilla Wryneck W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part);

UK BAP; Red List Y N Wdlnd

Birds Lanius collurio Red-backed

Shrike W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); UK BAP; Red List

Y N Farm BE

Birds Larus argentatus argenteus

Herring Gull New UK BAP; Amber List Y N Declining on coast due to reduction in fish numbers, now breeding in Wiltshire

BE

- 131 -




Birds Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit

W&CA Schedule 1 (1); UK BAP; Red List

Y N SOW

Birds Locustella luscinioides

Savi's Warbler New UK BAP; W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); Red list

Y (added) N R&S SOW

Birds Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler

New UK BAP; Red List Y N Largest lowland UK population on DTE SP

Calc

Birds Lullula arborea Woodlark W&CA Schedule 1 (1) (part); UK BAP

Y Y Wdlnd WP

Birds Luscinia magarhynchos

Nightingale Amber List N Y Significant proportion of SW regional population in Wiltshire - management of scrub

Wdlnd

Birds Melanitta nigra Common Scoter

W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); UK BAP; Red List

Y N SOW

Birds Motacilla flava Yellow Wagtail New UK BAP; Amber List; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y (added) N Farm

Birds Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher

UK BAP; Red List Y Y Wdlnd Hedg

Birds Numenius arquata

Curlew New UK BAP; Amber List; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y (added) Y Farm Neut

Birds Otis tarda Great Bustard VU; Locally important; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

N N Former breeder, then vagrant; reintroduction Salisbury plain begun.

Farm Calc

Birds Passer domesticus

House Sparrow New UK BAP; Red list; Action in WBAP BE HAP

Y (added) N BE

Birds Perdix perdix Grey Partridge UK BAP; Red List; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

Y Y Farm Hedg Calc

Birds Phalaropus lobatus

Red-necked Phalarope

W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); UK BAP; Red List

Y N SOW

Birds Phoenicurus ochruros

Black Redstart W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part); Amber List; Action in WBAP BE HAP

N N BE

Birds Phylloscopus sibilatrix

Wood Warbler New UK BAP; Amber List; Locally important

Y (added) N Wdlnd

Birds Poecile montanus

Willow Tit New UK BAP; Red List; Action in WBAP Woodland HAP

Y (added) N Wdlnd

Birds Poecile palustris Marsh Tit New UK BAP; Red List Y N Wdlnd Birds Regulus

ignicapilla Firecrest Amber List N N Important populations in New

Forest and at Longleat Wdlnd

Birds Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bullfinch UK BAP; Red List Y Y Hedg Birds Saxicola rubetra Whinchat County Notable N N Significant proportion of SW

Regional population in Wilts on DTE SP

Calc

Birds Sterna dougallii Roseate Tern W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part).

UK BAP; Red List Y N SOW

Birds Streptopelia

turtur Turtle dove UK BAP; Red List; Action in

WBAP Farmland HAP Y Y Farm Hedg

Birds Sturnus vulgaris Starling New UK BAP; Red List; Action in WBAP BE HAP

Y (added) N Synonym used in JNCC taxon list Sturnus vulgaris subsp. vulgaris

BE Farm

- 132 -




Birds Tringa totanus Redshank County Notable; Action in WBAP Farmland HAP

N N Farm

Birds Turdus philomelos

Song thrush UK BAP; Red List Y Y Farm BE Wdlnd Hedg

Birds Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel New UK BAP; Red list Y (added) N Farm Calc Birds Tyto alba Barn Owl W&CA Schedule 1(1) (part);

Amber List N Y Farm BE Calc

Birds Vanellus vanellus Lapwing New UK BAP; Amber List Y (added) Y Farm Neut Reptiles Anguis fragilis Slow Worm W&CA Schedule 5, S.9(1)

(part); S.9(5); UK BAP Y N WP BE

Reptiles Natrix natrix Grass Snake W&CA Schedule 5, S.9(1) (part); S.9(5); UK BAP

Y N SOW R&S

Reptiles Vipera berus Adder W&CA Schedule 5, S.9(1) (part); S.9(5). UK BAP

Y N Heath BE Calc

Amphibians Bufo bufo Common Toad UK BAP Y N SOW Amphibians Triturus cristatus Great Crested

Newt W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP Y Y Hedg SOW

Amphibians Triturus helveticus

Palmate Newt W&CA Schedule 5, S.9(5) (part); Action in WBAP SOW HAP

N N SOW

Fish Anguilla anguilla European Eel New UK BAP Y (added) N R&S Fish Anguis fragilis River Lamprey New UK BAP Y (added) N R&S Fish Cottus gobio Bullhead County Notable N Y R&S Fish Lampetra planeri Brook Lamprey County Notable N Y R&S Fish Petromyzon

marinus Sea Lamprey New UK BAP Y (added) Y R&S

Fish Salmo salar Atlantic Salmon

New UK BAP Y (added) Y R&S

Fish Salmo trutto fario

Brown Trout New UK BAP Y (added) Y R&S

Fish Thymallus thymallus

Grayling County Notable N Y Wdlnd

Bees Andrena lathyri Mining Bee EN; County Notable N (removed)

Y Only recorded UK site was in Wilts. Removed from UK BAP as thought no longer present

Calc

Bees Bombus humilis Brown-banded Carder Bee

UK BAP Y Y Calc

Bees Bombus sylvarum

Shrill Carder Bee

UK BAP; Nb Y Y Calc

Bees Nomada armata A nomad bee UK BAP; EN Y Y Calc Bees Nomada

ferruginata A nomad bee EN N

(removed) Y Previously N.xanthosticta Calc

Beetles Agabus brunneus Brown Diving Beetle

UK BAP; VU Y N SOW R&S

Beetles Anisodactylus nemorivagus

Heath Short-Spur

UK BAP; Na Y N Heath

Beetles Cryptocephalus UK BAP; VU Y N Wdlnd

- 133 -




sexpunctatus Beetles Donacia bicolora Two-tone Reed

beetle UK BAP; VU Y N SOW R&S

Beetles Hydroporus rufifrons

Oxbow Diving Beetle

UK BAP; VU Y N SOW R&S

Beetles Lebia cyanocephala

New UK BAP; EN Y (added) N Wdlnd Hedg

Wdlnd Heath WP Hedg Beetles Lucanus cervus Stag Beetle W&CA S.9(5); UK BAP; Nb Y Y Orch

Beetles Malachius aeneus

Scarlet Malachite Beetle

UK BAP; Rare Y N WP Calc Neut

Butterflies Apatura iris Purple Emperor

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); County Notable

N N Locally scarce. Important populations in Bentley Wood, Grovely Wood and Savernake Forest. Under-recorded.

Wdlnd

Butterflies Boloria euphrosyne

Pearl-bordered Fritillary

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); UK BAP

Y Y Coppiced woodland. Restricted to one reasonable population in Bentley Wood. Small populations in Blackmoor Copse and Hound Wood. Now extinct in North and West Wilts.

Wdlnd

Butterflies Boloria selene Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

New UK BAP Y (added) Y Coppiced woodland Restricted to Bentley Wood. The county's most localised and vulnerable butterfly species.

Wdlnd

Butterflies Cupido minimus Small Blue W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); New UK BAP

Y (added) N Kidney Vetch. Morgan's Hill, West Yatton Down. It is probable that many small colonies have been 'lost' in recent years due to habitats becoming unsuitable.

Calc Neut

Butterflies Erynnis tages Dingy Skipper New UK BAP Y (added) Y Widespread in Wilts with a few large populations on grassland sites. Has all but disappeared from woodlands where in the 1980s it frequently occurred in rides and clearings.

Calc WP

Butterflies Eurodryas aurinia

Marsh Fritillary W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5) (1998 full protection); UK BAP

Y Y Wiltshire is a British stronghold. The population on Salisbury Plain is of national and European importance. Populations have thrived in the last few years.

Neut Calc

Butterflies Hamearis lucina Duke of Burgundy

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); New UK BAP

Y (added) Y Rapidly declining and subject to a detailed survey in the county which started in 2006. Indications that a decline of c.70% has occurred since the mid-1980s.

Calc Wdlnd

Butterflies Hesperia comma Silver-spotted W&CA S.5 (9.5 a&b); Rare; N Y Considered well established in Calc

- 134 -




Skipper County Notable (removed) other counties to which warranted its removal from UKBAP list. Restricted to 3 sites in Wilts: Porton Down (one of the largest populations in England), Dean Hill and Martin Down

Butterflies Lasiommata megera

Wall New UK BAP Y (added) Y Much scarcer now than in the 1980s. Becoming rare inland in southern England although still fairly common in many coastal areas.

Calc

Butterflies Limenitis camilla White Admiral New UK BAP Y (added) Y Has been virtually absent from Wilts for several years at various times in the past

Wdlnd

Butterflies Lysandra bellargus

Adonis Blue W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); County Notable

N (removed)

Y One food plant - Horseshoe Vetch. Has done very well in the last few years and naturally spread into small areas of suitable habitat in north Wiltshire. It is now widespread and fairly common on short grassland in the south of the county.

Calc

Butterflies Lysandra coridon Chalkhill Blue W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); County Notable

N Y In the recent past it was widespread and abundant in some huge colonies. Had a disastrous season in 2007, several colonies were small and may now be extinct.

Calc

Butterflies Plebejus argus Silver-studded Blue

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); UK BAP

Y Y Only known from near Pound Bottom in the extreme SE corner of Wiltshire in the New Forest heathlands.

Heath

Butterflies Pyrgus malvae Grizzled Skipper

New UK BAP Y (added) N A slow general decline has occurred over the last 20 years

Calc Neut Wdlnd

Butterflies Satyrium w-album

White Letter Hairstreak

New UK BAP Y (added) Y Widespread throughout the county in small, discrete colonies, often on an isolated elm tree. Still very under-recorded.

Wdlnd

Butterflies Thecla betulae Brown hairstreak

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(5); New UK BAP

Y (added) Y Two stable populations (Braydon Forest area and Tidworth/Cholderton area). Eggs are destroyed by intensive hedgerow flailing.

Hedg Wdlnd

Butterflies Tymallus thymallus

Grayling New UK BAP Y (added) N Now rare and localised. Two known colonies - one on the chalk on Enford Down, ATE, SP(C), where the colony appears to be stable (c.12 at peak) and one on heathland near Pound Bottom.

Heath Calc

- 135 -




Crickets Decticus verrucivorus

Wartbiter W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; VU

Y Y Cherhill Down key reintroduction site

Calc

Crustaceans Austropotamobius pallipes

White-clawed Crayfish

W&CA Schedule 5 S.9(1) (part) and S.9(5); UK BAP; VU

Y Y R&S

Damselflies Ceriagrion tenellum

Small Red Damselfly

County Notable N N SOW

Damselflies Ischnura pumilio Scarce Blue Tailed Damselfly


Dragonflies Cordulia aenea Downy Emerald

County Notable; WBAP SOW HAP

N N SOW

Dragonflies Libellula fulva Scarce Chaser Rare; WBAP R&S HAP N Y R&S Dragonflies Orthetrum

coerulescens Keeled Skimmer


Flies Asilus crabroniformis

Hornet Robber Fly

UK BAP; NN Y Y Calc

Flies Doros profuges Phantom Hoverfly

UK BAP. VU Y Y Synonym D.conopseus Wdlnd WP

Flies Lipsothrix nervosa

Southern Yellow Splinter (a cranefly)

UK BAP Y Y Wdlnd R&S

Molluscs Vertigo moulinsiana

Desmoulin's Whorl Snail

UK BAP; Rare Y Y R&S SOW

Moths Adscita statices Forester New UK BAP Y (added) N Calc Neut Moths Agonopterix

atomella Greenweed Flat-body Moth

New UK BAP Y (added) N Neut

Moths Agonopterix capreolella

Fuscous Flat-body Moth

New UK BAP Y (added) N Heath

Moths Agrotera nemoralis

Beautiful Pearl UK BAP; EN Y N Wdlnd

Moths Aleucis distinctata

Sloe Carpet UK BAP Y N Hedg

Moths Aplota palpella Scarce Brown Streak

UK BAP Y N WP

Moths Arctia caja Garden Tiger New UK BAP Y (added) N Was common in gardens but has suffered dramatic decline

BE Neut

Moths Catocala promissa

Light Crimson Underwing

UK BAP; Rare Y Y Found in SE of county. New Forest fringe

Wdlnd

Moths Coleophora vibicella

Large Gold Case-bearer

New UK BAP Y (added) N Neut

Moths Coleophora wockeella

Betony Case-bearer

New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Moths Cosmia diffinis White-spotted Pinion

UK BAP Y Y Wdlnd WP

Moths Cossus cossus Goat Moth New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd WP Farm Moths Cucullia lychnitis Striped

Lychnis UK BAP Y N Calc Neut RV

Moths Cyclophora Dingy Mocha UK BAP; Rare Y N Heath

- 136 -




pendularia Moths Cyclophora

porata False Mocha New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd Heath

Moths Dycycla oo Heart Moth UK BAP Y N WP Wdlnd Moths Grapholita

pallifrontana Liquorice Piercer

New UK BAP Y (added) N Calc

Moths Hemaris tityus Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk

UK BAP Y Y Food plant is Devils Bit Scabious Neut Calc

Moths Hydrelia sylvata Waved Carpet UK BAP Y N Records in last five years (occurs in coppiced woods)

Wdlnd

Moths Jodia croceago Orange Upperwing

UK BAP; Rare Y Y Occurs open woodland/ woodland edges

Wdlnd

Moths Minoa murinata Drab Looper UK BAP Y Y Associated with areas of recent felling and coppicing

Wdlnd

Moths Noctua orbona Lunar Yellow Underwing

UK BAP Y Y Calc Heath

Moths Oria musculosa Brighton Wainscot

UK BAP Y Y Farm Calc

Moths Pareulype berberata

Barberry Carpet

W&CA Schedule 5; UK BAP; EN

Y Y Hedg Wdlnd

Moths Pechipogon strigilata

Common Fan-foot

UK BAP Y Y Synonym is Pechipogon strigilata Wdlnd

Moths Polia bombycina Pale Shining Brown

UK BAP Y Y Calc

Moths Rheumaptera hastata

Argent and Sable

UK BAP Y Y Calc

Moths Scotopteryx bipunctaria

Chalk Carpet UK BAP Y Y Calc

Moths Trichopteryx polycommata

Barred Toothed Stripe

UK BAP Y Y Calc

Moths Tyta luctuosa Four-spotted UK BAP; VU Y N RV BE Farm Fungi Boletus

pseudoregius The Pretender New UK BAP Y (added) N Hedg

Fungi Boletus regius Royal Bolete W&CA Schedule 8; New UK BAP

Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Cantharellus melanoxeros

Blackening Chanterelle


Fungi Chlorencoelia versiformis/ Chlorociboria versiformis

Flea's Ear New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Cotylidia pannosa

Woolly Rosette New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Hericium coralloides

Coral Tooth New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Hericium erinaceum

Bearded Tooth W&CA Schedule 8; UK BAP; Y Y Previously Hedgehog Fungus Wdlnd

- 137 -




Fungi Hydnellum concrescens

Zoned Tooth New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Microglossum olivaceum

Olive Earthtongue

UK BAP Y Y Wdlnd

Fungi Mycena renati Beautiful Bonnet


Fungi Poronia punctata Nail Fungus UK BAP Y Y Probably rarest fungi in Europe. Found in dung of horses feeding on unimproved pasture

Neut

Fungi Psathyrella caput-medusae

Medusa Brittlestem


Fungi Sarcodontia crocea

Orchard Tooth New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Fungi Sarcosphaera coronaria

Violet Crowncup


Fungi Stephanospora caroticolor

Carroty False Truffle


Fungi Tricholoma robustum

Robust Knight New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd

Lichens Anaptychia ciliaris ssp.ciliaris

A lichen New UK BAP; VU Y (added) Found on 4 ash trees on Copehill Down. Potential to expand population by planting a line of ash adjacent to the existing old trees

Lichens Bacidia incompta A lichen UK BAP; VU Y (SAP) Y Recorded in 10 10km squares including Savernake Forest

Hedg

Lichens Caloplaca herbidella

A lichen New UK BAP; NR Y (added) No records found in 2007 in what was the previous southern England stronghold. Most previously identified trees were now too shaded. Wood-pasture restoration required.

WP

Lichens Caloplaca Luteoalba

Orange-fruited Elm Lichen

UK BAP; NS; VU; W&CA (Schedule 8)

Y (SAP) 5 Records including Longleat, found mostly on dry bark of mature elms in parkland, old pasture or roadside locations. Not limited to elm trees.

WP

Lichens Collema fragrans A lichen New UK BAP; NS; EN Y (added) Spye Park and Savernake Elm, Ash, Beech and Field Maple bark (mostly veterans)

Wdlnd

Lichens Enterographa sorediata

A lichen UK BAP; NR; NT Y (SAP) Savernake Ancient pasture, woodland and parkland on mature oak

WP

Lichens Lecanora quercicola

A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) Broad-leaved mixed woodland Wdlnd

Lichens Lecanora sublivescens

A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) Also called Lecanactis sublivescens Well lit veteran oaks

Wdlnd

Lichens Megalospora tuberculosa

A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) N Cranborne Chase Wdlnd

- 138 -




Lichens Opegrapha fumosa

A lichen NS N Y Wdlnd

Lichens Pertusaria velata A lichen New UK BAP; NS; VU Y (added) Broad-leaved mixed woodland Wdlnd Lichens Ramonia

chrysophaea A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) Savernake Broad-leaved mixed

woodland Wdlnd

Lichens Ramonia nigra A lichen New UK BAP; NR; CR Y (added) This species is new to Wiltshire and the site at Savernake is only the third site recorded outside the New Forest for this apparently rare and endemic species

Wdlnd

Lichens Rinodina isidioides

A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) Possibly Savernake and Langley Wood - broad-leaved mixed woodland

Wdlnd

Lichens Toninia sedifolia A lichen New UK BAP Y (added) Calc Lichens Usnea articulata A lichen New UK BAP; NT Y (added) N Wdlnd WP Lichens Usnea florida A lichen New UK BAP Y (added) 12 Sites - broad-leaved mixed

woodland Wdlnd

Lichens Wadeana dendrographa

A lichen New UK BAP; NS; NT Y (added) N Wdlnd

Lichens Zamenhofia rosea

A lichen Locally important N Savernake

Mosses Didymodon glaucus

Glaucous Beard-moss

W&CA Schedule 8; UK BAP; NR; CR

Y Y Old synonym Barbula glauca Wdlnd

Mosses Weissia sterilis UK BAP; NS; VU Y N Calc Spiders Centromerus

serratus A money spider

New UK BAP Y (added) N Found widely on Porton Down. Found in beech litter.

Wdlnd

Spiders Meioneta mollis A money spider

New UK BAP Y (added) N One known site - Blackmore Copse. Records from grassland, few from wet woodland.

Wdlnd Calc Neut

Spiders Monocephalus castaneipes

A money spider

New UK BAP Y (added) N In the south often found in moss at tree bases.

Wdlnd WP

Spiders Ozyptila nigrita A crab spider New UK BAP Y (added) N Two sites - Rack Hill (N. Wilts) and Porton Down

Calc

Spiders Philodromus margaritatus

A crab spider New UK BAP Y (added) N Precise site unknown Found on tree trunks covered in lichen.

Wdlnd WP

Spiders Saaristoa firma A money spider

New UK BAP Y (added) N Only one known site - Savernake Forest. Generally found in damp situations often in moss.

Wdlnd WP

Vascular plants

Adonis annua Pheasant's-eye New UK BAP; NS; EN Y (added) Y Farm

Vascular plants

Anthemis arvensis

Corn Chamomile

EN; RPR N N Farm

Vascular plants

Apera spica-venti Loose Silky-bent

NT; RPR N N Farm

Vascular plants

Arabis glabra Tower Mustard UK BAP; NS; EN Y Y RV

Vascular plants

Astragalus danicus

Purple Milk-vetch

New UK BAP; EN; RPR Y (added) N Salisbury Plain Calc

- 139 -




Vascular plants

Blysmus compressus

Flat-sedge New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N Marshy grassland R&S SOW

Vascular plants

Campanula patula

Spreading Bellflower

New UK BAP; NS; EN; RPR Y (added) N Only at Silkwood Arboretum Wdlnd Hedg

Vascular plants

Centaurea cyanus

Cornflower UK BAP Y Y Farm

Vascular plants

Cephalanthera damasonium

New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N Wdlnd

Vascular plants

Chamaemelum nobile

Chamomile New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N Farm BE

Vascular plants

Clinopodium acinos

Basil Thyme New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N Farm BE Calc

Vascular plants

Coeloglossum viride

Frog Orchid New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N Designated synonym was Dactylorhiza viridis.

R&S Wdlnd SOW

Vascular plants

Cuscuta europaea

Great Dodder NS; RPR N N R&S

Vascular plants

Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink W&CA Schedule 8; UK BAP; NS

Y N Farm RV Hedg

Vascular plants

Euphrasia anglica

Glandular Eyebright

New UK BAP; EN; RPR Y (added) N One site in SSSI, not recorded since 1996

Calc

Vascular plants

Euphrasia pseudokerneri

Chalk Eyebright

New UK BAP; NS; RPR Y (added) N 2 SSSI sites, no records since 1986.

Calc

Vascular plants

Filago vulgaris Common Cudweed

NT; RPR N N Disturbed sandy ground Farm

Vascular plants

Fumaria parviflora

Fine-leaved Fumitory

NS; RPR N N Farm

Vascular plants

Fumaria purpurea

Purple Ramping-fumitory

UK BAP Y N Hedg Farm BE

Vascular plants

Galeopsis angustifolia

Red Hemp-nettle

UK BAP; NS; CR Y Y Farm

Vascular plants

Galium pumilum Slender Bedstraw

New UK BAP; NR; EN; RPR Y N 2 SSSI sites on military land Calc

Vascular plants

Gentianella anglica

Early Gentian W&CA Schedule 8; UK BAP; NS

Y Y Calc

Vascular plants

Gnaphalium sylvaticum

Heath Cudweed

EN; RPR N N Woodland rides Wdlnd WP

Vascular plants

Groenlandia densa

Opposite-leaved Pondweed

VU; RPR N N R&S SOW

Vascular plants

Herminium monorchis

Musk Orchid New UK BAP; NS; RPR Y (added) N 2 SSSI sites Calc

Vascular plants

Iberis amara Wild Candytuft New UK BAP; NS; RPR Y (added) N Bare chalky ground, thriving at Porton Down

Calc

Vascular plants

Juniperus communis

Juniper UK BAP Y Y Calc

Vascular plants

Leucojum aestivum

Summer Snowflake

NS; RPR N N Wet woodland Wdlnd

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Vascular plants

Lycopodiella inundata

Marsh Clubmoss

UK BAP; NS Y N SOW R&S

Vascular plants

Melittis melissophyllum

New UK BAP; NS Y (added) N Wdlnd

Vascular plants

Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal W&CA S.8; UK BAP; NS; EN Y N Farm SOW

Vascular plants

Minuartia hybrida

Fine-leaved Sandwort

New UK BAP; NS; RPR Y (added) N Thriving in SPTA Calc

Vascular plants

Misopates orontium

Weasel's-snout VU; RPR N Y Farm Calc Heath

Vascular plants

Monotropa hypopitys

Yellow Bird's-nest

New UK BAP; EN Y (added) N Wdlnd

Vascular plants

Myosurus minimus

Mousetail VU; RPR N Y Farm

Vascular plants

Neottia nidus-avis

Bird's-nest Orchid

NT; RPR N N Wdlnd

Vascular plants

Nepeta cataria Cat-mint VU; RPR N N Farm

Vascular plants

Oenanthe fistulosa

New UK BAP; VU Y (added) N SOW R&S

Vascular plants

Ophrys insectifera

Fly Orchid New UK BAP Y (added) N Calc Wdlnd WP

Vascular plants

Orchis anthropophora

Man Orchid New UK BAP; NS; EN Y (added) N Synonym Aceras anthropophorum. Found particularly in old abandoned chalkpits and limestone quarries.

Calc RV

Vascular plants

Orchis ustulata Burnt Orchid New UK BAP; NS; RPR Y (added) N Old name: Neotinea ustulata. Nearly all in SSSIs

Calc

Vascular plants

Ornithogalum pyrenaicum

Bath Asparagus

NS; WBAP N Y RV Wdlnd

Vascular plants

Papaver argemone

Prickly Poppy VU; RPR N N Farm

Vascular plants

Pilularia globulifera

Pillwort UK BAP; NS Y N SOW

Vascular plants

Platanthera bifolia

New UK BAP Y (added) N Wdlnd Calc Neut Heath

Vascular plants

Potamogeton nodosus

Loddon Pondweed

NR; RPR N N R&S

Vascular plants

Pulicaria vulgaris W&CA Schedule 8; New UK BAP; CR, NR

Y (added) N R&S SOW

Vascular plants

Ranunculus arvensis

Corn Buttercup New UK BAP; CR Y (added) Y Farm

Vascular plants

Rosa agrestis Small-leaved Sweet-briar

NS; RPR N N Calc

Vascular plants

Scandix pecten-veneris

Shepherd’s Needle

UK BAP; CR Y Y Farm

Vascular plants

Scleranthus annuus

Annual Knawel New UK BAP; EN; RPR Y (added) N No records since 1991 RV BE

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Species English Name



Group

Vascplants Vascplants

Vascplants Vascplants

Vascplants Vascplants Vascplants Vascplants Vascplants

ular Silene gallica Small-flowered Catchfly

UK BAP Y Y One record in VC7 at Sandy Lane in 1988.

Farm

ular Silene noctiflora Night-flowering Catchfly

VU; RPR N Y Farm

ular Stachys arvensis Field Woundwort

NT; RPR N N Farm

ular Tephroseris integrifolia subsp. Integrifolia

Field Fleawort NS; RPR N N Always this subspecies in Wiltshire. All populations in well managed SSSIs

Calc

ular Torilis arvensis Spreading Hedge-parsley

UK BAP; NS Y Y Farm

ular Valerianella dentata

Narrow-fruited Cornsalad

EN; RPR N N Farm

ular Valerianella rimosa

Broad-fruited Corn-salad

UK BAP; EN, NS Y Y Farm

ular Viola canina Heath Dog-violet

NT; RPR N N Heath WP

ular Viola tricolor Wild Pansy NT; RPR N N Heath Farm

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Appendix One

Changes in Policy and Attitude since 2002

Changes in policy and attitudes since 2002 There are many changes in policy and attitudes that have occurred since 2002, which meant that the original Wiltshire BAP had become outdated. These are explained in detail below. Climate Change The UK government has now begun to recognise that climate change is a significant threat to the ecological, economic and social future of the UK, and climate change has risen fast up the political agenda in recent years. The 2006 UK Climate Change Programme is the UK’s key strategy for tackling climate change, and sets out the policies and measures that the UK is using to reduce its carbon emissions. The government published a draft Climate Change Bill in March 2007, which has now undergone Parliamentary scrutiny. More information and updates on the progress of the Bill can be found on the Defra website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/legislation/index.htm. In addition climate change is becoming of greater priority in the planning process, with the draft Regional Spatial Strategy and the draft PPS1 Supplement: Planning and Climate Change (see sections below) both highlighting the importance of this issue. Although the threats posed by climate change on Wiltshire’s habitats and species were recognised in the Wiltshire BAP 2002, the BAP Review Working Group emphasised the importance of including climate change as an interlinking theme in the new BAP throughout the review process. As well as specific references to climate change, and species adaptation throughout the reviewed BAP, there are also many references to how mitigation can be carried out through adopting a landscape scale approach, or through following the South West Nature Map methodology (set out below), as well as the important role of the planning process. The Landscape Scale Approach Nature conservation in Britain traditionally has focused on the protection of special sites, whether statutorily designated (e.g. SSSIs), other nature reserves, or Wildlife Sites. While this has been both necessary and urgent given the rapid loss of wildlife from much of the landscape over the last forty years, this reactive approach is now recognised to be insufficient in preventing the fragmentation of habitats (and subsequent decline in species). Small and isolated habitats are particularly threatened by climate change, and are unlikely to be viable in safeguarding species in the long term. In recognition that a new approach was required, the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts (RSWT) launched the Rebuilding Biodiversity Initiative in 2002, which requires a landscape scale approach to nature conservation. This has now been developed in the South west by the South West Wildlife Trusts as a joint project to develop ambitious landscape scale projects which aim to create and link together areas of priority wildlife habitats into robust and extensive networks. In Wiltshire the Landscapes for Wildlife Project and the New Life on the Chalk Project are both looking at landscape scale conservation, focusing on specific BAP species and habitats. Contact Wiltshire Wildlife Trust for more information.

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South West Nature Map The South West Nature Map was produced by the South West Regional Biodiversity Partnership in 2004, and identifies the best areas to maintain and expand (through restoration and/or recreation) terrestrial wildlife habitats at a landscape scale. These blocks of land are known as Strategic Nature Areas (SNAs). The Nature Map was produced using the best available biodiversity data, local expert knowledge and the South West Wildlife Trust’s Rebuilding Biodiversity methodology.

Figure 10:

The Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act, 2006 The NERC Act 2006 which created Natural England, also placed a duty (under section 40) for all public authorities to have due to regard to biodiversity in all aspects of their operations. This impacts upon over 900 bodies ranging from parish, district and county councils to Sport England Tate Modern, Local Authorities, NHS Trusts, the police, water companies and waste contractors. Conserving biodiversity is stated in the Act as restoring or enhancing a population of habitat, resulting in many opportunities for biodiversity to benefit. You will notice reference in the revised Wiltshire BAP to this duty, and the BAP partnership has already been working to raise awareness of the duty amongst public bodies by holding a Conference in June 2007. A leaflet and poster which were produced for the Conference are available from the Wiltshire BAP website or in hard copy by contacting the Wiltshire BAP Coordinators.

The South West Nature

Map.

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The Formation of Natural England Natural England was formed in 2006 by bringing together English Nature, the landscape, access and recreation elements of the Countryside Agency and the environmental land management functions of the Rural Development Service. The NERC Act 2006 sets Natural England a new purpose: ‘to ensure that the natural environment is conserved, enhanced, and managed for the benefit of present and future generations, thereby contributing to sustainable development’. Visit the Natural England website for more information: www.naturalengland.org.uk. Agri-environment Schemes Countryside Stewardship was an agri-environment scheme set up by Defra in the early nineties, to provide funding to farmers and land managers in England in order to deliver effective environmental management on their land. It was replaced by Environmental Stewardship Schemes (Entry Level, Organic Entry Level, and Higher Level) in 2005, which are now run by Natural England. Because Environmental Stewardship, and particularly the Higher Level Scheme, was developed after the UK BAP was published, it has been designed to go much further towards delivering both UK and local BAP targets than Countryside Stewardship. This is achieved mainly through the requirement for applicants to draw up a detailed Farm Environment Plan (FEP), which informs any subsequent environmental management that is carried out. This management should be targeted towards the conservation and enhancement of BAP species and habitats. The Wiltshire BAP 2002 is now out of date in terms of Stewardship, because the new schemes were not yet in place when it was published. You will notice many references to Environmental Stewardship Schemes throughout the revised action plans. For more information visit the Defra website - http://www.defra.gov.uk/erdp/schemes/es/default.htm. One Wiltshire Wiltshire will soon have one council instead of the five authorities that is has currently. The move to reorganise local government in Wiltshire came about after the Department for Communities and Local Government approved the One Council Submission in 2007. Work has started on the transition towards a new council, which is expected to come into being in 2009. When these changes come into force, alterations will be made to the Wiltshire BAP at the yearly update as required. You will notice some references to the new “One Wiltshire” in some of the revised Action Plans, as the BAP Partnership is keen to ensure that conservation of biodiversity continues to at least the same level under this new authority. Planning and Policy Statement 9: Biodiversity and Geological Conservation This document was produced by central government in 2005, and provides essential guidance to planners on biodiversity and geological issues. It places an emphasis on maintaining and enhancing existing biodiversity and seeking opportunities for restoration and habitat creation, through the production of suitable policies in the emerging Local Development Frameworks. The accompanying Government Circular also emphasised the need for ecological surveys prior to submission of planning applications. Planning and Policy Statement 1 (Supplement): Planning and Climate Change Currently in draft form, this supplement to PPS1 recognises the important role that spatial planning has in combating the effects of climate change. The Government aim to achieve zero carbon development, and the promotion of renewable energy, is also strengthened through the target of substantial developments producing 10% of their energy from zero carbon/renewable sources of energy.

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South West Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) Currently in the final stages of consultation, this document sets out how the south west region will develop in the next twenty years. It includes overarching and area specific policies concerning green infrastructure, sustainable development, and protection of the environment, for example. When the RSS is complete, all Local Authorities will have to conform with these policies which will lead to opportunities in implementing Wiltshire BAP targets. Green Infrastructure (GI) Whilst scientists have always recognised the value of these strategic networks of multi-functional greenspace, it has recently become a higher priority, with the inclusion of policy GI1 in the Draft Regional Spatial Strategy. This requires that GI should form an integral part of development, with local authorities and partners charged with identifying opportunities for GI, and developing policies together with a delivery plan. It also builds upon the principles of strategic restoration contained within the South West Nature Map. Water Framework Directive (WFD) The WFD is a European Directive relating to water resources, which in 2003 was transposed into UK Law. The WFD introduces the concept of integrated river basin management, and England and Wales have been split into 11 River Basin Districts, of the South West River Basin District is one, and is of key importance to the Wiltshire BAP. The Directive will decide a Programme of Measures to achieve certain environmental objectives – you will see many references to this Programme of Measures and the WFD as a whole, in the newly revised Rivers, Streams and Associated Habitats Action Plan.

Figure 11: Green infrastructure is a network of multifunctional greenspace including (clockwise from top left): gardens, parks, school grounds, Sustainable Drainage Systems, churchyards and road verges.

Local Development Frameworks The Planning System in England and Wales was reformed in 2004 through the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Orders Act 2004. The changes were intended to:

• Simplify the system, hence speeding it up • Enable local communities to get more involved • Prioritise ‘Sustainable Development’ (i.e. maintaining economic growth, protecting

the environment and using natural resources sensibly) To replace the existing Local Plans, a collection of policy documents known as Local Development Frameworks (LDFs) will be brought into force by all local planning authorities in coming years. The creation of policies in the LDFs will bring opportunities for further protection of biodiversity, and provide more detailed delivery mechanisms for BAP objectives and targets. You will notice that LDFs are frequently referred to in the Built Environment Habitat Action Plan and Generic Action Plan, as well as in some of the other Plans. Local Area Agreement The Local Area Agreement is an agreement between Wiltshire and Government on the delivery of partnership arrangements to the benefit of service delivery, overseen by WISB, Wiltshire’s strategic Board. Wiltshire’s Local Area Agreement was signed in March 2007 as part of the third and last round of a national roll out and sets out delivery plans which will, in part, address issues raised within the Sustainable Community Strategy for Wiltshire. http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/council/wiltshire-strategic-board/local-area-agreement.htm A new Local Area Agreement is currently being developed. Future changes to the planning system In Spring 2008, it is expected that the new ‘1-app’ planning application form will be released by central government, for compulsory use by all Local Planning Authorities. This will have a question regarding impacts on biodiversity. The 1app will be compulsory from April 2008, though some authorities have already started to use them. Validation checklists can be produced, to gather more information relating to impacts on biodiversity. The BAP process can have a profound influence on the content of these lists, so that biodiversity is correctly accounted for when applications are submitted. You will notice that validation checklists are frequently referred to in the Built Environment Habitat Action Plan.

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- 149 -

Appendix Two

Other BAPs

National, Regional and Local BAPs with linkages to the Wiltshire BAP UK BAP The first UK BAP was published in 1994, and a series of Action Plans for habitats and species followed between 1995-1999. The first full target review has just taken place, and revised targets have been written for each HAP and SAP. A new UK BAP Priority Habitats and Species List has now also been published, and Working Groups are in the process of devising Action Plans for the new species and habitats that have been added. For more information go to www.ukbap.org.uk. South West BAP The South West Biodiversity Partnership prepared 18 Habitat Action Plans and 12 Species Action Plans in 1997. Each plan closely reflects the format used for the UK BAP HAPs and SAPs and lists current status; current factors affecting the species; current action; benefits; UK biodiversity objectives and proposed targets; South West biodiversity objectives and proposed targets and proposed action required to meet objectives with lead agencies. SW Biodiversity Implementation Plan The SW BIP provides a co-ordinated approach to biodiversity action in this region, and to implementing the SW BAP. The plan does not replace local activity but helps to set out a framework of policy, priorities and actions to assist in a more joined up approach through collaborative partnership working. Swindon BAP The Swindon BAP contains 14 Habitat Action Plans (HAPs) and 1 Species Action Plan (SAP) for bats. The Swindon BAP Steering Group is coordinating a full review of the Action Plans in the Swindon BAP over the next year, and the review is expected to be complete by March 2009. The Steering Group is also looking at formalising the BAP Partnership. The Swindon BAP can be downloaded by the Biodiversity Swindon website – www.biodiversityswindon.org.uk. Cotswold Water Park BAP 2007-2016 The first Cotswold Water Park BAP was published in 1997. The revised edition was published in 2007, and includes 9 SAPs and 10 HAPs. Unlike many local Biodiversity Action Plans which take a fairly broad approach, the new CWP BAP 2007-2016 takes the format of a detailed work programme for the next 10 years, specifying where and how efforts are required for a range of partner organisations. New Forest BAP The New Forest BAP is currently being compiled. It aims wherever possible to be both strategic and spatially based, bringing added value to existing action. Approval of the draft Plan is currently being sought, and it is hoped that the final Plan will be approved and adopted by members in Autumn 2008. Wessex Water BAP The 1998 Wessex Water Biodiversity Action Plan (WWBAP) was the first corporate initiative of its kind to be based on the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) and has been acknowledged by the UK government report 'Sustaining the Variety of Life' as a best-practice example of corporate involvement in biodiversity work. The BAP was updated in 2006 and outlines Wessex Water’s aims for supporting biodiversity within its operational areas, and outlines how the company’s approach to biodiversity has been refined since 1998. The 2006 WWBAP has become more partnership orientated and looks to support biodiversity by advocating sustainable practices. Center Parcs BAP Center Parcs have produced a national BAP covering all of their sites, and in 2004 became one of only six companies in the UK to be awarded the Biodiversity Benchmark by the Royal Society of Wildlife Trusts. The overall aim of the BAP and the targets it contains is to maintain and enhance the wildlife value of every Center Parcs village for the benefit of wildlife conservation in the local and national context, as well as ensuring a wealth of wildlife for the benefit of the many guests that stay in each village on a daily basis. The Center Parcs Longleat Forest Ecological Monitoring Study (2006) is the second report that wholly focuses on the national Center Parcs Biodiversity Action Targets. British Waterways BAP British Waterways have prepared a BAP to cover all of their waterways which is interpreted locally in terms of maintenance and projects on the ground. The document considers 13 habitats and 14 species or groups of species. British Waterways have now begun to develop BAPs on a waterway by waterway basis.

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- 151 -

Appendix Three

Acronyms

Acronym Full Name ALGE Association of Local Government Ecologists AMR Annual Monitoring Report (Wiltshire County Council) AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ARK Action for the River Kennet AWI Ancient Woodland Inventory ARW Ancient Replanted Woodland ASNW Ancient Semi Natural Woodland AW Ancient Woodland BAG Biodiversity Action Grant (Wiltshire Biodiversity Partnership proposed Grant Scheme) BAP Biodiversity Action Plan BARS Biodiversity Action Reporting System BASC British Association for Shooting and Conservation BC Butterfly Conservation BE Built Environment BIG Biodiversity Improvement Grant scheme (Wiltshire County Council) BioSW Biodiversity South West BRC Biological Records Centre BTCV British Trust for Conservation Volunteers BTO British Trust for Ornithology BW British Waterways cSAC Candidate Special Area of Conservation CAF Charities Aid Foundation CAP Common Agricultural Policy CC County Council CCWWD Cranborne Chase and West Wiltshire Downs AONB CG Calcareous Grassland (numbers after CG refer to NVC classification CLA Country Land and Business Association CPRE Council for the Protection of Rural England CRoW Countryside and Rights of Way CS Countryside Stewardship (DEFRA) CWP Cotswold Water Park CWPS Cotswold Water Park Society CWS County Wildlife Site CWS SG County Wildlife Sites Steering Group DC District Council, e.g. West Wiltshire DC DC Development Control, e.g. in Action Plans: LPAs (DC) DE Defence Estates (Ministry of Defence) DE EST Defence Estates Environmental Support Team DEFRA Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DETR Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions Dstl Defence, Science and Technology Laboratory (an agent of the MOD) EA Environment Agency EAF Environmental Action Fund EEAC Energy Efficiency Advice Centre EFS English Forestry Strategy EH English Heritage EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EST Environmental Support Team (for Defence Estates) FC Forestry Commission FE Forest Enterprise FEP Farm Environment Plan FWAG Farming and Wildlife Advisory Group FP Forward Planning

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Acronym Full Name FTE Full Time Equivalent GAP Grazing Animals Project or Generic Action Plan GI Green Infrastructure GIS Geographical Information System GOSW Government Office of South West of England GWCF Great Western Community Forest GWCT Game and Wildlife Conservancy Trust HA Highways Agency HAP Habitat Action Plan HLF Heritage Lottery Fund ICG Imber Conservation Group ILMP Integrated Land Management Plan JNCC Joint Nature Conservation Committee KDC Kennet District Council LAA Local Area Agreement LAs Local Authorities LA21 Local Agenda 21 LBAP Local Biodiversity Action Plan/ Partnership LDD Local Development Document LDF Local Development Framework LEA Local Education Authority LEAF Linking the Environment and Farming LEAP Local Environment Agency Plan LfW Landscapes for Wildlife LIFE a European Funded Conservation Project LLA Local Area Agreement LNR Local Nature Reserve LPA Local Planning Authority LRCs Local Records Centres LSP Local Strategic Partnership MG Mesotrophic Grassland (numbers after MG refer to the NVC classification) MOD Ministry of Defence NA Natural Area NBN National Biodiversity Network NE Natural England NERC Natural Environment and Rural Communities (refers to NERC Act, 2006) NFU National Farmers’ Union NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NI National Indicator NNR National Nature Reserve NPA National Park Authority (New Forest NPA) NT National Trust NVC National Vegetation Classification NWD North Wessex Downs AONB NWDC North Wiltshire District Council OS Ordnance Survey PAWS Planted Ancient Woodland Sites PPG Planning Policy Guidance PPS Planning and Policy Statement PSA Public Service Agreement

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Acronym Full Name RSPB Royal Society for the Protection of Birds RSS Regional Spatial Strategy SA Sustainability Appraisal SAC Special Area of Conservation SAP Species Action Plan SBC Swindon Borough Council SDC Salisbury District Council SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SLA Service Level Agreement SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-bound (refers to SMART targets) SNA Strategic Nature Area (refers to the South West Nature Map) SOW Standing Open Water SPA Special Protection Area SPD Supplementary Planning Document SPTA Salisbury Plain Training Area SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest STA Salmon and Trout Association STREAM STrategic REstoration And Management of the River Avon SUDS Sustainable Urban Drainage System SWBAP South West Biodiversity Action Plan SWBIP South West Biodiversity Implementation Plan SWD South Wessex Downs SWWT South West Wildlife Trusts TPO Tree Preservation Order WANHS Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society WBAP Wiltshire BAP WBAP SG Wiltshire BAP Steering Group WBG Wiltshire Bat Group WBS Wiltshire Botanical Society WCA Wildlife and Countryside Act WCC Wiltshire County Council WFA Wiltshire Fisheries Association WFD Water Framework Directive WGS Woodland Grant Scheme (Forestry Commission) WIG Woodland Improvement Grant WIGI Wiltshire Interactive Grazing Initiative WIV Wildlife Information Volunteer (based at the WSBRC) WiSB Wiltshire Strategic Board WiSBEx Wiltshire Strategic Board Executive WLMP Water Level Management Plan WOS Wiltshire Ornithological Society WS Wildlife Site WSP Wildlife Sites Project WSBRC Wiltshire and Swindon Biological Records Centre WT Woodland Trust WTT Wild Trout Trust WWDC West Wiltshire District Council WWT Wiltshire Wildlife Trust

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Appendix Four

Further Information

Further Information The Wiltshire BAP can be downloaded from the Biodiversity Wiltshire website: www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk. Go to the Wiltshire BAP website for all the latest information about the Wiltshire BAP. If you would like:

- CD or hard copies of the Wiltshire BAP - More information about the BAP - To join the Wiltshire BAP Forum or Partnership - To receive the Wiltshire BAP newsletter - To Join a HAP or SAP working group - To get involved with the BAP - Any other information about the Wiltshire BAP

Please contact Sarah Wilkinson at Wiltshire Wildlife Trust: (01380) 725 670; Elm Tree Court, Long Street, Devizes, Wiltshire, SN10 1NJ; [email protected]. Further information Wiltshire BAP website – www.biodiversitywiltshire.org.uk UK BAP Website – www.ukbap.org.uk Biodiversity South West website – www.swbiodiversity.org.uk Swindon BAP website – www.biodiversityswindon.org.uk Cotswold Water Park BAP – www.waterpark.org

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