www. huawei. comWiMAX 16e Capacity PlanningHUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.ISSUE 1.0

Grasp the WiMAX 16e service modelMaster factors that limit the WiMAX 16e capacityMaster the evaluation method and procedure of WiMAX 16e multi-service capacityAfter this course, you will:Objective

Chapter 1 WiMAX 16e Service ModelChapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity AnalysisChapter 3 Capacity Evaluation Method and ProcedureContents

Chapter 1 WiMAX 16e Service Model1.1 Overview1.2 Principle1.3 ParametersContents

Overview of WiMAX 16e Service ModelType 1 - Interactive game: Low bit rate, real-time, high burst, asynchronization, asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic, and interactive.Type 2 - VoIP (Voice over IP) and video meeting: The bit rate is between low bit speed and middle bit speed, real-time, synchronization, symmetric uplink and downlink traffic, and interactive. Type 3 - Streaming media: The bit rate is between low bit rate and middle bit rate, not in real time, low delay jitter, synchronization, asymmetric uplink and downlink traffic, non-interactive.Type 4 - IM and WWW network browsing (basic Internet application): The bit rate is between low bit rate and middle bit rate, no information loss, asymmetric, asynchronous uplink and downlink traffic, middle delay, and interactive.Type 5 - File transmission and media download: The bit rate is between low bit rate and middle bit rate, no information loss, low priority, non-real time, asymmetric, and asynchronous uplink and downlink traffic.

Chapter 1 WiMAX 16e Service Model1.1 Overview1.2 Principle1.3 ParametersContents

WiMAX 16e Service Module PrincipleType 1: interactive game moduleDefine parameters of a session: packet call, reading time, packet arrival interval, mean data rate of package call.Simplified module

WiMAX 16e Service Model PrincipleType 2: VoIP and video meetingVarious applications such as voice, video and data, form video meeting service frames through different protocol stacks.Considering single voice user, the entire service period falls into OFF and ON periods. In the ON period, users send fixed size packet in fixed time and generate voice data. In the OFF period, no data is generated.

WiMAX 16e Service Model PrincipleType 3: Streaming mediaEach frame of the video data arrives at the destination in specified time interval (T). Each frame can be divided into data splits of fixed amount. The size of data split is dependent on the cut Pareto distribution.

The parameter T is dependent on the data frame amount of each second. Dc is the delay that the video coder introduced to the 1-frame data split (packet data). The delay period also conforms to the cut Pareto distribution. TB is the de-jitter cache data window that the receiver sets to ensure the consecutive display video stream.

WiMAX 16e Service Model PrincipleType 4: WEB and IMA session is equal to browsing a web site. A packet call is equal to browsing a web page in the website. Reading time is the time for reading all or partial contents of the web page.Instant message falls into instant text message and instant multi-media message.

WiMAX 16e Service Model PrincipleType 5: FTP and E-MailFTP: Users include file technology working personnel with large common FTP transmission and users rarely use FTP. An FTP transmission has several files. The time interval between file transmission is the reading time.

E-Mail: Users include the technical working personnel using large mail attachment and the users rarely use mails. The maximum e-mail attachment cannot exceed a certain limit, such as 20M bytes. Most email servers limit the email size, including the attachment size.

Chapter 1 WiMAX 16e Service Model1.1 Overview1.2 Principle1.3 ParametersContents

WiMAX 16e Service Model ParametersBasic parameters:Service penetration rate: the ratio of all intra-net subscribers that use the servicesBHSA: busy hour session attempts of a single user using the servicePPP session time (s): time that users use the serviceSession service load (kbit): traffic of each user generated for each sessionBearing rate (kbps): bearing rate of the serviceBLER: block error ratePPP session duty ratio: ratio of actual data transmission time to user use timeYou can get the following parameters through the previous parameters:Throughput/Session (kbit) = PPP session time (s) X PPP session duty ratio X bearing rate (kbps) X [1/(1BLER)]Busy hour throughput/user (kbit) = BHSA X Throughput/Session (kbit)Busy hour throughput of a service = BHSA X Throughput/Session (kbit) X penetration rateIntroduction to service layer parameters:Service module parameters include: service penetration rate, BHSA, PPP session time, session traffic, bearing rate, BLER, busy hour throughput of each user, PPP session duty ratio.

WiMAX 16e Service Model ParametersTypical parameters of various service models

WiMAX 16e Service Model ParametersTypical parameters of various service models

WiMAX 16e Service Model ParametersTypical parameters of various service models

Summary: WiMAX 16e Service Model Characteristics of system capacity: relate to user distribution, user profile, system demodulation threshold, modulation coding mode, networking mode, scheduling algorithm, and co-channel interference. 5 service models: interactive game, voice over IP (voice over IP), video meeting, streaming media, instant message (IM), WWW network browsing (the basic Internet application), file transmission and media download Service model principle and VoIP service model introduction: various service model principle diagram and parameter introduction of various service models.

Chapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity Analysis2.1 Capacity Analysis Concept2.2 Single-User Capacity Calculation2.3 Single-Site Capacity Calculation2.4 Single-Site Emulation Capacity2.5 Factors Affecting CapacityContents

Capacity Analysis ConceptTraffic model analysis/requirement analysis: Specify customer requirements, get the total user number, user convergence ratio, service bearing rate and so on.Analyze the traffic model, and get single-user throughput.Analyze customer resources and networking modes: Specify requirements such as customer frequency resources and channel bandwidth. Select the best networking mode.Get the single-site throughput or number of users can be bore by the single site through the emulation data.Total throughput = Number of users on line at the same time X Number of BTSs of user throughput = Total throughput/Single-site throughputTraffic model analysis / requirement analysisSingle-user capacitySingle-site capacityNumber of sitesCustomer resourcenetworking analysisTotal throughput

Chapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity Analysis2.1 Capacity Analysis Concept2.2 Single-User Capacity Calculation2.3 Single-Site Capacity Calculation2.4 Single-Site Emulation Capacity2.5 Factors Affecting CapacityContents

Single-User Capacity CalculationVoIP service can calculate single-user throughput through Erl or through the previous VoIP service typical parameters. The uplink rate to downlink rate of VoIP service is 1:1.According to the Erl, single-user busy hour throughput of VoIP service = Erl X Physical layer rate (bearing rate). The VoIP adopts different coding mode to relate to different bearing rate.According to the VoIP service typical parameters: single-user busy hour throughput of VoIP service = PPP session time(s) X PPP session duty ratio X bearing rate (kbps) X [1/(1-BLER)] X BHSA X penetration ratePure VoIP service throughputBit rateBearing rate, different coding modes generate different bearing rates. EVRC and G.723.1 coding mode are recommended.

Single-User Capacity CalculationCalculate mixed average throughput based on various ratesAssume the condition and middle output resultSingle-user busy hour mixed mean throughput rateMixed throughput of single-user busy hour = (Ti )/3600 Ti: Type i service throughput of single user (based on various services or various rates)Mean mixed throughput rate of UL single-user in busy hour = (64X45% + 128X30% + 256X20% + 512X5%) X 500 X 30%/3600 = 21600/3600 = 6KbpsMean mixed throughput of DL single-user in busy hour = (64X5% + 128X15% + 256X25% + 512X30% + 1024X20% + 2048X5%) X 500 X 30%/3600 = 82080/3600 = 22.8Kbps

Single-User Capacity CalculationBased on mixed mean throughput rate of various servicesAssumption conditionMiddle output resultSingle-user busy hour throughput = PPP session time(s) X PPP session duty ratio X bearer rate (kbps) X [1/(1-BLER)] X BHSA X penetration rateMean mixed throughput rate of UL single user in busy hour = 61947.307/3600 = 17.208 KbpsMean mixed throughput of DL single user in busy hour = 141274.580/3600 = 39.243 Kbps

Chapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity Analysis2.1 Capacity Analysis Concept2.2 Single-User Capacity Calculation2.3 Single-Site Capacity Calculation2.4 Single-Site Emulation Capacity2.5 Factors Affecting CapacityContents

Single-Site Capacity CalculationModulation and coding mode supported by the WIMAX systemIn cases that the input conditions are the same, different modulation and coding mode directly affect the single-site capacity and single-user rate.

Single-Site Capacity CalculationWiMAX physical frame structureEach frame has 48 symbols. The resources used by common parts (such as DL-MAP and FCH) of the frame are various. In the worst wireless environment, the frame downlink uses 7 symbols, the uplink uses 3 symbols, and TTG uses 1 symbol. Generally, it is recommended that downlink uses 5 symbols, uplink uses 3 symbols, and TTG uses 1 symbol.Uplink and downlink use different character ratio, thus directly affecting single-site uplink and downlink throughput.

Capacity Analysis ConceptData capacity of WiMAX system in various replacement modesIn the FUSC replacement mode, each sub-channel consists of 48 data sub-carriers. In the PUSC replacement mode, each sub-channel consists of 24 data sub-carriers (DL). Different channel bandwidth and placement mode can directly affect the single-site throughput. The number of sub-channels assigned to single user directly affect the single-user throughput.

There are two modes for calculating single-site.Single-Site Capacity CalculationFixed parameters: DL-FUSC: The number of sub-channels is 16. Each slot has 1 sub-channel X 1 symbol.DL-PUSC: The number of sub-channels is 30. Each slot has 1 sub-channel X 2 symbols.UL-PUSC: The number of sub-channels is 35. Each slot has 1 sub-channel X 3 symbols.Assumption condition: Assign 32 characters for downlink, assign 15 characters for uplink. The TDD scale time is DL:UL = 32:15.The downlink modulation mode is 64QAM, and the coding mode is 5/6. Uplink modulation mode is 16QAM, and the coding mode is 3/4.The channel bandwidth is 10MHz.DL-FUSC throughput = 16 (number of sub-channels) X 48 (data sub-carriers) X 32 (number of symbols) X 6 (64QAM) X (5/6) (coding mode)/5(duration of each frame) = 24576000bps, namely 24.576MbpsUL-PUSC throughput = 35 (number of sub-channels) X 16 (data sub-carriers) X 15 (number of symbols) X 4 (16QAM) X (3/4) (coding mode)/5(duration of each frame) = 5040000bps, namely 5.04MbpsDL-PUSC throughput = 30 (number of sub-channels) X 24 (data sub-carriers) X 32 (number of symbols) X 6 (64QAM) X (5/6) (coding mode)/5 (duration of each frame) = 23040000bps, namely 23.04MbpsUL-PUSC throughput = 35 (number of sub-channels) X 16 (data sub-carriers) X 15 (number of symbols) X 4 (16QAM) X (3/4) (coding mode)/5 (duration of each frame) = 5040000bps, namely 5.04MbpsMode 1: Calculate by frame

Mode 2: Calculate by symbol periodDownlink physical layer rate:Single-Site Capacity Calculation Ndata_subcarriers: Refer to the number of sub-carriers used for data. The downlink of 10MHz bandwidth PUSC is 720 and uplink is 560. Mr: Modulation order number, BPSK=1, QPSK=2, 16QAM=4, 64QAM=6 CrCoding order number, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 n: Sampling rate. The parameter together with BW and Nused determine the sub-carrier interval and effective symbol time. The value is set according to the following rule. If the channel bandwidth is integer times of 1.75MHZ, n=8/7. If the channel bandwidth is integer times of 1.25/1.5/2/2.75MHZ, n=28/25. If the bandwidth is different from the specified one, n8/7. BW: channel bandwidth, 5MHz, 10MHz CP: cyclic prefix, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, generally 1/8 is used. Nfft: number of total sub-carriers. 10MHz bandwidth is 1024. In the coding modulation mode, the calculation mode of uplink physical layer throughput is the same as downlink; however, 32/48 needs to changed to 15/48.

MAC layer throughput of uplink and downlink coding modulation methodAssumption condition: Downlink overhead uses 5 symbols, uplink uses 3. TDD scale time is DL:UL=32:15Channel bandwidth is 10 MHz.Single-Site Capacity Calculation MAC efficiency is related to system scenario, scheduling algorithm, power control, and user amount. Generally, downlink MAC layer overhead is 15%, and uplink MAC layer overhead is 20%. For the physical layer rate and MAC layer rate of 5MHz channel bandwidth or other channel bandwidth, refer to 10MHz calculation method. The assignment rate of downlink to uplink is 29:18 or others. For the relevant physical layer rate and MAC layer rate, refer to the calculation method of 32:15.MAC data rate = Phy data rate X (1 - MAC layer spending)DL-FUSC MAC throughput = 24576000 X (1-5/32) = 20736000bps, namely 20.736MbpsUL-PUSC MAC throughput = 5040000 X (1-3/15) = 4032000bps, namely 4.032MbpsDL-PUSC MAC throughput = 23040000 X (1-5/32) = 19440000, namely 19.44Mbps

Chapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity Analysis2.1 Capacity Analysis Concept2.2 Single-User Capacity Calculation2.3 Single-Site Capacity Calculation2.4 Single-Site Emulation Capacity2.5 Factors Affecting CapacityContents

WiMAX 16e system scheduling algorithm includes RR, MAX C/I, and PR.Single-Site Emulation CapacityRound robin (RR) is to ensure that users in a cell communicate by using wireless resources of the same time according to a certain sequential circle. Each user relates to a queue to store data to be transferred. During the scheduling, nonempty queue accepts services and transfers data in the round robin way. RR algorithm is the most fair and easy to implement; however, the system throughput is low. Maximum carrier to interference (MAX C/I) is a ) typical scheduling algorithm that use "multi-user diversity effect" to implement maximum system capacity. The basic Concept is that arrange all mobile stations to be served according to the C/I estimation value, and send them in descending order. MAX C/I algorithm is the most unfair and the system throughput is high; however, the implementation is easy. Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm assigns a relevant priority to each user in the cell. Users with the highest priority in the cell receive services. The fairness and system throughput of PF algorithm is between RR algorithm and MAX C/I algorithm. The most commonly used scheduling algorithms are RR and PF.

Assumption condition: TDD Scale Time DL:UL=32:15, scenario Urban. Configure 2T2R for BS antenna, and configure 1T1R for SS antennaIn the uplink and downlink coding modulation mode, the throughput rate emulation value of the physical layer and mean throughput emulation valueNetworking mode 1: PUSC 1 X 3 X 1Single-Site Emulation CapacityTheoretical calculation peekMean throughput

Networking mode 2: FFR 1 X 3 X 1Single-Site Emulation CapacityTheoretical calculation peekMean throughput

Networking mode 3: FUSC 1 X 3 X 3Single-Site Emulation CapacityTheoretical calculation peekMean throughput

Chapter 2 WiMAX 16e Capacity Analysis2.1 Capacity Analysis Concept2.2 Single-User Capacity Calculation2.3 Single-Site Capacity Calculation2.4 Single-Site Emulation Capacity2.5 Factors Affecting CapacityContents

Factors Affecting CapacityWiMAX 16e system realize the time-domain and frequency-domain two-dimension structure. Therefore, the impact of edge rate on the entire system capacity is far less than that on one-dimension system (WCDMA, CDMA, or GSM).WiMAX 16e system capacity is related to user distribution, user profile, system demodulation threshold, networking mode (sub-carrier placement mode), coding modulation mode, and scheduling algorithm.WiMAX 16e system is a pure data service network; therefore, the forward and backward capacity of WiMAX are different.WiMAX 16e supports eight modulation coding modes from QPSK 1/2 to 64QAM 5/6. Users in the coverage area can select relevant modulation modes.WiMAX 16e system coverage and capacity are related, but are affected by the modulation coding mode. The higher the modulation coding mode, the higher the system capacity and the less the coverage radius. In certain networking condition, the maximum coverage radius of WiMAX single sector is certain, and will not be reduced with the increasing of single-sector throughput, and vice versa. WiMAX 16e system does not support soft switch. Because frequency resources are limited. In a long period, co-channel networking will be used. Therefore, co-channel interference will have certain impact on the throughput.Cell center area, the system interface is mainly multi-path components. Cell boarder, the system interference is mainly neighbor interference.

Factors Affecting Capacity

Different channel model (moving rate) results in different system demodulation threshold, thus has great impact on system capacity.The system capacity is closely related to users, service types, wireless environment, and wireless resources assignment mechanism.The system bandwidth directly affect the system capacity. The bandwidth increases in integer times, and so does the system capacity. The lower the modulation coding mode used by single user is, the greater the coverage distance and the lower the throughput is.The higher the error rate BLER is, the more attempts of resending and the less the system capacity are. Every time the repeated coding times increases, 3dB gain is added, the coverage range increases, and the system capacity decreases.Adopt the HARQ mixed automatic re-send technology to reduce the resend time, related to ARQ increases the cell throughput. The system overhead used by common channels is in negative correlation with the effective system throughput. Use different scenarios to generate different capacities. In general, Dense Urban < Urban < Sub-urban < Rural. This is because the impact of inter-sector networking interference is greater than that of inadequate scenario power on the throughput. Adopt different antenna configurations (MIMO Matrix A, B and C) to affect the system capacity.

Factors Affecting CapacityImpact of MIMO technology on system capacityIf the MIMO Matrix A is applied to STTD mode, the SISO coverage capacity is greatly increased. With the increasing of coverage distance, the system capacity is also improved. MIMO Matrix A adopts different antenna configurations to generate different system capacity and coverage radius. The system capacity and coverage radius configured by using 2T2R antenna are greater than that configured by using 2T1R antenna. Currently, MIMO Matrix A terminal does not support 2T.

Factors Affecting CapacityImpact of MIMO technology on system capacityThe previous comparison is based on the FFR 1X3X1 networking mode. MIMO Matrix B and MIMO Matrix C are used for the SM mode. Of which, MIMO Matrix C only applies to 4 antennas. Currently, Huawei does not implement MIMO Matrix B; therefore, relevant emulation number cannot be provided. Relevant data is referred on the BBS. Only when MIMO Matrix A+B is implemented, free handover between MIMO Matrix A and MIMO Matrix B can be implemented. Roadmap implemented by MIMO antenna: MIMO Matrix AQ3,2007, applied to product V1.0MIMO Matrix BQ3,2008, applied to product V2.0MIMO Matrix CQ3,2009 , applied to product V3.0

Summary: WiMAX 16e Capacity AnalysisCapacity analysis concept: traffic module analysis (customer requirement analysis), single-user capacity calculation, single-site capacity calculation, number of finally obtained BTS.Single-user capacity calculation: VoIP service throughput calculation (Erl-based and VoIP service-based typical parameters). Mixed service throughput calculation (based on various services and rates)Single-site capacity calculation: based on symbol period and frameSingle-site emulation capacity: Provide sector throughput and site mean throughput of various networking modes and coding modes.Factors affecting capacity: coding modulation mode, networking mode, applicable scenario, co-channel interference, common channel overhead, BLER, repeated coding, HARQ, resending attempts.

ContentsChapter 3 Capacity Estimation Mode and Process3.1 Basic Concept of Capacity Planning3.2 Capacity Estimation Realization Process3.3 Leverage Calculation Realization Process3.4 Spectral Efficiency Calculation3.5 Capacity Estimation Cases

Basic Concept of Capacity Planning

Divide the planning areas based on the traffic distribution and clutter characteristics, such as dense urban, urban, suburban, and rural. Analyze the traffic model in each target areas.According to the traffic models of different target areas, determine the single BTS capacity in the target area and the single user capacity of the area. Determine the number of BTSs in the target areas where the capacity requirements are met. According to the capacity and coverage requirements, determine the BTS number. Select the site with more BTSs to ensure that the capacity and coverage requirements are met.

ContentsChapter 3 Capacity Estimation Mode and Process3.1 Basic Concept of Capacity Planning3.2 Capacity Estimation Realization Process3.3 Leverage Calculation Realization Process3.4 Spectral Efficiency Calculation3.5 Capacity Estimation Cases

Capacity Estimation Realization Process

Obtain the cell radius in different scenarios according to the link budget.According to the radius, search the simulation data table and then obtain the cell CINR probability distribution. Currently, calculate the CINR distributing ratio with different cell radiuses in different scenarios according to the Matlable program provided by the RTT link budget. Calculate the cell mean throughput.Formula of calculating the cell mean throughputPi is the probability corresponding to CINRThroughputi is the throughput calculated on a basis of CINR. According to different CINRs, search the table to obtain different modulation schemes and then obtain the Throughputiin different modulation schemes.

Cell mean throughput ratio

Cell Radius

Simulation result

C/I Probability distribution

ContentsChapter 3 Capacity Estimation Mode and Process3.1 Basic Concept of Capacity Planning3.2 Capacity Estimation Realization Process3.3 Leverage Calculation Realization Process3.4 Spectral Efficiency Calculation3.5 Capacity Estimation Cases

Leverage Calculation Realization Process

Leverage Calculation Realization ProcessThe leverage calculation realization process has the following 10 stepsInput parameters: obtain all the parameters related to the estimation.Edge link budget: According to the edge rate required by the customer, select the modulation mode for the uplink and downlink budget and obtain the cell maximum coverage radius.Bit rate group: calculate the rates corresponding to uplink/downlink modulation modes.Cell radius: the initial radius is the cell maximum coverage radius calculated by the link budget.Cell C/I distribution: search the simulation data table according to the coverage radius to obtain the cell uplink/downlink CINR distribution ratio.Modulation distributing mode: According to the cell CINR distributing ratio, obtain the cell uplink/downlink modulation distributing ratio. Cell capacity: Calculate the cell uplink/downlink capacity respectively according to the cell modulation distributing ratio and bit rate group. Judgment: compare the calculated cell capacity with the cell capacity provided during the network planning. If the calculated cell capacity is smaller than the cell provided capacity, go to step 4. Reduce the cell radius and then continue to the calculation. If the cell capacity meets the conditions, skip the calculation circle. Output the cell radius and the radius is the final result. After the estimation is complete, obtain the single site coverage area, single site capacity, and BTS number.

ContentsChapter 3 Capacity Estimation Mode and Process3.1 Basic Concept of Capacity Planning3.2 Capacity Estimation Realization Process3.3 Leverage Calculation Realization Process3.4 Spectral Efficiency Calculation3.5 Capacity Estimation Cases

Spectral Efficiency CalculationAssumptions:TDD Scale Time is DL:UL=32:15 Downlink spectral efficiency per sector = throughput per sector /(32/47) /channel bandwidth per sectorDownlink spectral efficiency per BTSthroughput per BTS/(32/47)/channel bandwidth per BTSExample:If the channel bandwidth 10 MHz and the networking mode is PUSC 131, the downlink mean throughput per BTS is 13.854Mbps. The TDD Scale Time is DL:UL=32:15 .Downlink mean spectral per sector 13.854/3/(32/47) /10=0.678 Downlink mean spectral efficiency per BTS =13.854/(32/47)/10=2.035Description:The spectral efficiency is the mean spectral efficiency obtained according to the mean throughput. To obtain the maximum spectral efficiency, use the maximum throughput for calculation. The uplink spectral efficiency per sector and per BTS are calculated in the same way as that downlink spectral efficiency.

Calculating Spectral EfficiencyAssumptions:TDD Scale Time is DL:UL=32:15 2.5 GHz band, 10 MHz channel bandwidthMIMO Matrix A(UL:1T2R,DL:2T1R)The mean spectral efficiency in different networking modes is shown in the following table:

ContentsChapter 3 Capacity Estimation Mode and Process3.1 Basic Concept of Capacity Planning3.2 Capacity Estimation Realization Process3.3 Leverage Calculation Realization Process3.4 Spectral Efficiency Calculation3.5 Capacity Estimation Cases

Estimation CaseCustomer requirements: 2.5 GHzFUSC 133 networking mode, TDD Scale Time is DL:UL=32:15.Traffic modelType A service mean throughput = 1.0241/5+0.218 (based on EVRC coding scheme)/1024. the throughput of other types of services is calculated in the same way as that of type A service.

Estimation CasesCustomer requirementsSingle site capabilityService distribution ratio in each city:In the Beirut, the hybrid service mean throughput per user A10 B10 C25 D10 E45In other cities, the hybrid service mean throughput per user is the same as that in the Beirut.Total throughput = User number hybrid service mean throughput per userEstimation result

Estimation CaseCoverage based BTS results

Estimation CaseCapacity based BTS resultsIn three phases, the total number of BTSs based on the capacity is 114.Considering the balance between the coverage and capacity, the final number of BTSs is 183. The coverage is restricted.

Estimation CaseAppendix: Transmission Capacity CalculationCalculation related parametersService activation rate PPP Session Time(s) X PPP Session Duty Ratio /3600, that is, transtransport channel occupation rate by a user while transmitting a session.Service attach rate PPP Session Time(s) /3600, that is, transport channel occupation rate while transmitting a session. Single user mean throughput (Mbps PPP Session Time(s) PPP Session Duty Ratio bearer rate (kbps)[1/(1BLER)] BHSA penetration rate /3600/1024 Number of users carried in single BTS = number of total users /number of restricted BTSsthat is, the number of BTSs with more BTSs based on coverage and capacity )Throughput carried by uplink/downlink single BTS number of users carried by single BTS uplink/downlink single user mean throughput Single BTS transmission capacity MAX (throughput carried by uplink single BTS, throughput carried by downlink single BTS) 1.2

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TB working procedure: At the beginning, the data window sends the video data stream according to certain rate . When the propagation channel becomes worse and results in that the video data traffic is less than the played video data traffic in certain period, the cache data in the cache window can continue the normal video traffic rate. When propagation channel is normal, the traffic can be higher than the video stream data rate transmission. Save the video data to de-jitter cache data window. Therefore, the non-realtime stream service obtains cache data according to initial delay and allows proper jitter of transmission rate during the process.The Web model is the most complicated in all models. The measurement for HTTP services indicate that large web pages are formed by relatively small objects. That is to say, each page consists of some web embedded objects, such as main page, embedded image, and embedded Java program.In a package call, package service characteristics are related to the Web server and browser HTTP version. Currently, HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1 are used. The maximum difference of the two versions are that the TCP connection of transmission layer of main object and embedded object are different.In HTTP/1.0, each main object and embedded object of the Web page download use different TCP connections. In the browsing process of most customer terminals, embedded objects use multiple TCP connections at the same time, which is called HTTP/1.0 - burst mode transmission. Meanwhile, the maximum TCP number can be connected is configurable. Most browser is set to 4. When the embedded object exceeds the number, a new TCP connection is set up, and the original connection is built. TCP overhead and congestion control is based on each object. In HTTP/1.1, consecutive TCP connections are used to download object. That is, the transmission object connected in serial on a single TCP connection is called HTTP/1.1 -- consecutive mode transmission. TCP overhead and congestion control are based on each connection.Outlook email is used mostly on the market. The outlook transmission is dependent on remote procedure call (RPC) and uses complex protocols. When invoking the Outlook, there are 11 activated TCP connections. Each email processing consists of multiple MAPI segment elements. Each MAPI segment processing can be divided into more specific segmenets.Penetration rate, BHSA and busy hour throughput of each user belong to traffic module parameters. The detailed value varies with the marketing, tariff, service deployment strategies, and is determined by the operator. This slide only offers default value. Other parameters belong to service module parameters, and are related to service features, which is also a main study content of the service model. The mean rate in the service model refers to the typical rate for bearing the service. You can also use other rate. When the mean rate changes, the affected parameters include the user busy hour throughput and throughput rate.For the service BLER, the typical value is set to 10%. When the BLER changes, the affected parameters are user busy hour throughput and throughput rate.WiMAX has four application scenarios: Fixed access: This service is a basic service model in the WiMAX operation network, which is similar to fixed DSL or cable broadband service. In this scenario, the simple connection or handover is not supported. Flexible: This service is the next phase of fixed access mode. Terminals can access the WiMAX network of an operator through different access points. Handover between different BTSs is not supported. This application can be provided at the same time with the fixed access. Portable: Portable services is the next phase of flexible service development. It has limited handover capacity in walking speed. When the terminal stays still, the application module of portable service is the same as fixed service and flexible service. This application scenario mainly aims at family access and business user market. The terminals are usually PCMCIA card, which is put into the laptop computer. Fully mobile: Support applications in the vehicle moving speed without interruption. Face at personal user market, be able to roam and hand over. The terminals are PDA.In different application scenarios, users have different habits. We divide WiMAX users into the following types:Resident user: The service applications of this type of users are mainly entertainment, such as interactive network game, streaming media service, web browsing and so on. The applications on video meeting, instant message and file transmission are less. Services of this type of users are related to the charging method and local habits of the operator.SOHO user: This type of users are small companies using WiMAX services and users conduct business affairs at home in the specified area. The services are mainly external information communication, such as VoIP, video meeting, file transmission and so on. Meanwhile, a small amount of entertainment services is used. Enterprise user: This type of users are large enterprises that use partial or all WiMAX services. The services are mainly for the intra-enterprise information communication, such as video meeting, file transmission, and instant message. WIMAX mobile terminal users: This type of users refer to those who enjoy WiMAX services through mobile phone. The services are dispersed. Due to limitations on mobile display and storage, the data amount is less than other users. According to different WiMAX service characteristics of users in different urban environment, we can divide the usage scenarios into dense urban, common urban, suburban area, and rural area, and construct the service module and traffic module of WiMAX. Network game services are composed of typical request or response type affairs. Interactive services have high requirements on error but lower requirements on delay compared with session services. Delay jitter is not a main problem for interactive services, if the delay is not extremely large. The requirements of interactive services on data rate is determined by the detailed service, the value can be any. However, at a same time, only one direction requires higher data rate. VoIP services have small delay and delay jitter, have low requirements on errors, and have no special requirements on data rate size. However, it only requires that data rates are symmetric. That is to say, the data rate on a same direction must be similar or equal to that on another direction. Voice service is a typical session application. It does not require high data rate but on delay. The VoIP rate varies with coding mode. In the service model, we select the G.711 coding mode, whose bit rate is 64kbps. Video telephone is a service type that is widely populated among services provided by WiMAX. Compared with video meeting, video telephone is one-to-one communication, and has rare multi-party communications. For the value, refer to the 3G video telephone service model.Video meeting is another typical session application, which has similar delay requirements with the voice service; however, video meeting has higher requirements on error and data rate than voice services. Video meeting system has different bandwidth requirements on audio and video parts; for example, the bandwidth of audio is between 16 kbps and 64 kbps. The bandwidth of the video part is between 320 kbps and 1Mbsp. Typical transmission/reception throughput is between 32Kbps and 1Mbps. In the case of multi-party video meeting, each user needs to receive images, voice and information from multiple users. The downlink bearing rate is greater than uplink bearing rate. Streaming service has higher requirements on errors but has low requirements on delay and jitter. This is because the reception end will cache the data to let stream data continuously play to users. In this service, the uplink and downlink are uneven. In uplink, there is only a few request information, or can even be ignored. The downlink direction is our main consideration.Web browsing is in the uplink, users only send some request information. The traffic is small. In the downlink direction, the transmission information is large, which requires higher transmission rate.Instant message includes text message and multimedia message. Resident users can communicate with others through MSN, ICQ, and QQ. As SOHO users and enterprise users, SOHO and enterprise users can communicate through various office communication software. Instant message is used widely among the two users. Mobile terminal users can not only send and receive SMs and MMs like traditional mobile users. Assume in all instant messages, the rate of text message to multimedia message is 4:1. Therefore, we get the bearing rate of mean instant message. PPP session time is also the average value of text information and multimedia information. The ratio of FTP service uploading and downloading is related to user type. Generally, the traffic generated by user download file is greater than that generated by the uploading. Email service and FTP file transmission service belong to file transmission service. They have similar characteristics. The difference is that the service penetration rate and average busy hour call attempts are higher than FTP service. (The email service refers to the transmission and reception of emails with large attachment.)The calculation of single-user busy hour throughput of PS services such as FTP and E-MAIL is the same as that of VoIP service typical parameters.Round robin algorithm can not only ensure the long-term fairness of users, but also ensure the short-term fairness of users. The algorithm implementation is simple. However, because the algorithm does not consider the detailed cases of different user wireless channels, the system throughput is the lowest. Generally, people regard that RR algorithm is the most fair one, since it ensures all users can communication in equal time. Meanwhile, people believe the algorithm has the lowest performance (its system throughput is the lowest in the actual system). RR algorithm is the highest in fairness and the lowest in algorithm performance.Max C/I formula is as follows: K=arg Max ((C/I)j (t)), j belongs to (1,k ) Of which, user k is the scheduled user. In this mode, because of good channel conditions, the mobile station close to BTS can always receive services. Due to low C/I, users at the cell edge cannot get service opportunities, or the "dead zone" case may occur. From the system resources point of view, the scheduling algorithm is the most unfair. However, the system capacity obtained through this algorithm is better than that obtained through other dispatching algorithms. The MAX C/I algorithm is easy to realize. The formula of PF algorithm priority is as follows:Pi (t)(C/I)(t)/i(t) ,i=1..NIn this formula, (C/I)(t) indicates the carrier-to-interference ratio of No. i user at t time. (t) indicates the throughput of this user within the time range ended with t. in the cells with many users covered, when the user makes or receives a call continuously, (t) is increased gradually. As a result, the priority of this user becomes lowers and cannot obtain the services. The time window length of this algorithm must cover the change of fast fading and meet the delay requirements of the user. The (C/I)(t) values of different users are distributed separately. Thus, at any time, the probability of different users in a cell obtaining the service is the same. When the user obtains the service, the fast fading is better. In the long term, the users in a cell make or receive calls with the same duration, which is a fair dispatching algorithm. Meanwhile, the user can obtain the services only when the fast fading is good. Thus, the system throughput is increased. HARQ refers to that in the case that the receiver fails to decode, the server stores the error data and asks the sender to re-transmit data. The receiver combines the re-sent data and the previously received error data before decoding. Due to the mixed automatic re-sending mechanism is implemented in BS, the resend request can be very swift.We usually use mean spectral efficiency in one sector.Only we use FUSC 1*3, the mean spectral efficiency in one sector is equal the mean spectral efficiency in one site, but we use PUSC 1*1 or PUSC+FUSC, the mean spectral efficiency in one sector *3 is equal the mean spectral efficiency in one site.We usually use mean spectral efficiency in one sector.Only we use FUSC 1*3, the mean spectral efficiency in one sector is equal to the mean spectral efficiency in one site, but when we use PUSC 1*1 or PUSC+FUSC, the mean spectral efficiency in one sector *3 is equal to the mean spectral efficiency in one site.Only the downlink throughput is considered.