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1Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 1
WiMAX/16e/16m WiMAX/16e/16m vsvs LTE LTE
Technology and Performances Technology and Performances comparisoncomparison
Zion Hadad, Peretz ShekalimRuncom
2Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 2
Market success
3Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 3
4G standardization
OFDMA in Standardization
4Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 4
Standardization Leadership
Runcom’s OFDMA® Generic Technology
ETSI Approved( EN301958 )April 2001
DVB-T/RCTFixed/Mobile
Digital Interactive Wireless TV
Europe
IEEE 16e Extension to mobile Approved
Nov 2005
802.16.a/e/d
Broadband wireless AccessUSA
4G
CellularMobile
F - IEEE802.16mLTE Rel 8 ,9
5Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 5
IMT advanced – General requirements (1)
ITU IMT advanced is the base line for the 4G requirement
• Higher spectral efficiencies and peak data rates up to 1Giga bps.• Lower latencies (air-link access latency, [Inter-FA HO, Intra-FA HO, inter-
RAN HO] latencies) to enable new delay-sensitive applications.• Mobility Support: Cellular systems including IMT-Advanced are required
to support the environments described in following:
– Pedestrian (Pedestrian speeds up to 10 km/h)– Typical Vehicular (Vehicular speeds up to 120 km/h)– High Speed Vehicular (Vehicular speeds up to 500 km/h)– Seamless application connectivity to other mobile networks and other IP networks
(global roaming capabilities).
• Support for larger cell sizes and improved cell-edge performance.• Low-cost and low-complexity terminals for worldwide use.• Improved Unicast and multicast broadcast services.• Provision for PAN/LAN/WAN Co-location / Coexistence.• And more
6Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 6
IMT advanced – detailed requirements (2)
• Multiple access methods• OFDMA, CDMA and also Single-carrier/Multi-carrier
operation, ..• FDD, H-FDD and TDD modes• DL:UL ration configurable• Different Ch-BW configurable for FDD mode (e.g. 10MHz
downlink, 5MHz uplink )• scalable bandwidths from 5 to 20 MHz• Support of Advanced Antenna Techniques:• Minimum antenna configuration requirements shall be:
– For the base station, a minimum of 2xTX and 2xRX antennas– For the MS, a minimum of 1xTX and 2xRX antennas
7Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 7
IMT advanced – detailed requirements (3)
• Link Adaptation and Power Control • Maximum Latency (MAC to MAC): 10msec BS MS
and MS BS• State transition latency: IDLE_STATE to
ACTIVE_STATE : 100msec• Maximum Handover Interruption :
– Intra-frequency: 50 msec, – Inter-frequency: 150 msec
• Enhanced Location Based Services (LBS)• Enhanced Multicast Broadcast Service (E-MBS)
8Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 8
The 16e OFDMA used the most advanced GOODIES of the Communication Theory.
• Multiple Antennas- AAS (beam forming or switching)), MIMO open loop and close loop DL(2x2), (4x2), (4x4) UL (2x2) Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN)MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL and DL
• Error control – ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ Chase or IRFEC- Convolutional, Turbo codes: CTC, LDPC, BTC
• Smooth Handoff – HHF, Fast cell switching, New Mixed of Macro diversity and HO
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding [AMC]• Encryption and fast Authentication.• Time Frequency Space Scheduling.• Duplexing FDD TDD HFDD• DL OFDMA UL OFDMA or SC-FDMA• Repeater/Relay stations• ...
16e OFDMA Communication, Tools
9Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 9
• Multiple Antennas- AAS (Adaptive Array (beam forming or switching), MIMO open loop and close loop DL (2x2), (4x2),(4x4) UL (2x2) Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN)MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL and DL
• Error control – ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ Chase or IRFEC- Convolutional, Turbo codes: CTC (1/3 binary), LDPC, BTC
• Smooth Handoff – HHF, Fast cell switching, New Mixed of Macro diversity and HO, Soft Ho
• Adaptive Modulation and Coding [AMC]• Encryption and fast Authentication.• Time Frequency Space Scheduling.• Duplexing FDD TDD HFDD• DL OFDMA UL SC-FDMA• Repeater/Relay stations
OFDMA Com, Tools 3GPP Rel 8 (LTE)
10Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 10
• Multiple Antennas- Adaptive array optional at BS mandatory in UT
MIMO open loop and close loop (2x2),(4x2),(4x4). UL (2x2)
Transmit diversity STC (2x1), (4x1) Rx diversity MRC (1xN)MIMO Macro diversity (different sites) UL
and DL • Error control – ARQ (selective repeat) or HARQ
Chase or IR
Wimax Profiles used subset of the 802.16 OFDMA
11Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 11
OFDMA
Frame Structure
12Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 12
IEEE802.16e Frame Structure
13Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 13
WiMAX Multi-Zone Frame Structure
14Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 14
16m Frame Structure
15Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 15
Standardization
• It turns out that UL-SC FDMA is a flop when it comes to high level of MU-MIMO (This will probably be changed back to OFDMA in LTE advanced Rel 9). The claimed PAPR advantage is negligible with the constraints of narrow band transmission that suffer from larger fading losses with no frequency Diversity.
• The round trip delay is lower in WiMAX using the 2.5ms frame structure instead of the 5ms frame structure. The flexibility of using the zones approach instead of fixed sub frame is still present.
• The VoIP MAC overhead in WiMAX/16e can be decreased with the use of sustain MAP techniques, such as Persistence Allocations and so on.
16Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 16
Global Spectrum allocation
17Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 17
Technology choice
18Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 18
Frequencies, Regulation and backward compatible
3GPP has more legacy cellular that uses lower frequencies and provides better range and coverage. It also has a simpler multimode user/BS, due to the fact that RF frequencies are close while WiMAX using higher frequencies.This advantage gap is narrowing.
WiMAX has ITU IMT 2000 approval.
WIMAX is Expanding throw Rel 1.5 profile to FDD and other lower frequencies, such as 700MHz and AWS. Also, WiMAX may probably expand to 2G, 3G spectrum and PCS in the future.
19Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 19
IEEE802.16m OFDM parameters
20Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 20
LTE FDD transmission parameters
512 for l = 0 to 5
512 for l = 0 to 5
512 for l = 0 to 5
512 for l = 0 to 5
512 for l = 0 to 5
512 for l = 0 to 5
Extended CP
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
160 for l = 0144 for l = 1 to 6
Normal CPCyclic Prefix (CP) length (frame structure type 1)where l is the symbol position in a slot
666666Extended CP
777777Normal CPOFDM symbols per slot(frame structure type 1)
1201901601301 18173Occupied sub-carriers
100755025 156Number of occupied resource blocks
204820482048204820482048OFDM symbol length in time units*(excluding cyclic prefix)
30.72 MHz30.72 MHz30.72 MHz30.72 MHz30.72 MHz30.72 MHzSampling frequency
15 kHz15 kHz15 kHz15 kHz15 kHz15 kHzSub-carrier spacing
0.5 ms0.5 ms0.5 ms0.5 ms0.5 ms0.5 msSlot duration (frame structure type 1)
20 MHz15 MHz10 MHz5 MHz3.0 MHz1.4 MHzTransmission BW
21Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 21
LTE Frame structure type 2 (TDD mode)
One radio frame =10 ms One half frame =5 ms
# 0 # 2 # 3 # 4 # 5 # 7 # 8 # 9
1 ms
DwPTS UpPTSGPDwPTS UpPTSGP
DUUSDUUUSD10 ms6
DDDDDDDUSD10 ms5
DDDDDDUUSD10 ms4
DDDDDUUUSD10 ms3
DDUSDDDUSD5 ms2
DUUSDDUUSD5 ms1
UUUSDUUUSD5 ms0
9876543210
Subframe numberSwitch-point periodicityConfiguration
Uplink-downlink allocations.
22Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 22
Spectral Efficiency multiple antennas
0.5
11.5
2
2.53
3.5
3xEVDO HSPDA HSDA Wimax/LTE
MIMO 2X2
16e/LTE MIMO 4X4
COL UL MIMO
DL
UL
Application of SM, CL-MIMO and Diversity according to channel condition
16E CL-MIMO 16X4 or AAS +COL MIMO
bps/Hz
23Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 23
PEAK User DATA RATE
40
80
120160
200
240
280 Mbps
3G
2Mbps
HSUPA
14Mbps
Wimax
SISO
WimaxMIMO 2X2
16e MIMO DL: 4X4
UL: 2x4
DL
UL
TDD TX/Rx~2:1
16e MIMO DL: 2X2
UL 2x2
16e
MIMO
DL: 4X4
UL: 2x4
FDD 2x5 MHz TDD 10 MHz TDD 20 MHz
16e/LTEMIMO
2X2
16e / LTEMIMO
DL: 4X4
FDD 2x 20 MHz
LTE
24Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 24
Throughput conclusion
The Throughput of the systems is comparable and the different may be with
less then 10%
25Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 25
Networking
26Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 26
A deployment example for the Media Independent Handover services802.21
27Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 27
Diversity RFIC
RNA300
Multi-mode User Terminal design
RFIC #1Transceiver
RFIC #2Transceiver
Crystal OSC
Ant 1
Ant 2Rx 2
Rx 1
Tx 1RNA200
IEEE802-16e
SoC
Application
Processor
Triple play
CMR
I/Q
GSMTransceiver
UMTS
WLAN.
BB
Airlink
Modem
28Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 28
WiMAX to 3GPP interworking – general architecture
29Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 29
GSM / 3GPP mobile
NodeBRNC
GSM mobile
BSS
BTS
MSC/VLR
HLR
CircuitCore
GGSN
PacketCore IP Network
WiMAX integrated to 3GPP network (Interworking Converging networks !!)
BSC / PCU
SGSN
3GPP all IP
BSASN-GW
3GPP / WiMAX
Intelligent Network /
Applications / AAA
VoiceData IP
VoIP and Data IP
30Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 30
Dual Radio 3GPP Pre-Rel8 Packet Core Interworking Architecture Roaming model (WiMAX NWG Rel 0.1)
31Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 31
WiMAX Mobility Access
32Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 32
HSPA vs. WiMAX architecture
33Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 33
LTE network architecture (3GPP)
34Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 34
Network conclusion
• The WiMAX and LTE networks came to be simple scalable and less expensive.
• This network is different than the current networks.
• The add-on and/or integration of the network into current networks is handled by several standardization and is currently under development.
• The advantage of the LTE as a continuation of the 2G-3G is not clear.
35Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 35
Winning technology !
??
36Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 36
Technology conclusion
– There is no real technological advantage of LTE air interface over 16e it is basically another profile.
– 16e is good solution for long time.
– 3GPP LTE adopted the 16e OFDMA technology and created an OFDMA variant with some minor improvement and with some dis-improvements in certain areas.
– The 802.16 upgraded with another OFDMA standard (16m), thus adopting some minor improvement with some dis-improvements.
37Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 37
Final Conclusion
1. LTE & WIMAX are based on excellent technology and are variant of each other.
2. IT IS PHISIBLE TO DEVELOP MULTIMOD WIMAX-LTE ON THE SAME CHIP
3. Currently, WiMAX has the time-to-market advantage over LTE, but it is behind HSPA. If WiMAX vendors finalize the development of the add-on networking approach soon enough, they may be able to take a larger market share from the LTE and HSPA
4. Another possibility that the financial crises will dictate that in the future, there will be slow down in R&D and consequently new network roll-out will be slower. The question will still exist of, “HSPA versus WiMAX” and not LTE
38Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 38
References
• Public documentation and White Papers from Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson and others.
• IEEE802.16e/m• 3GPP• WiMAX Forum NWG and TWG documents
39Runcom Technologies Ltd.
10/30/2008 39
Thank you from Runcom